CA1077263A - Boots for aquatic activities - Google Patents
Boots for aquatic activitiesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1077263A CA1077263A CA321,290A CA321290A CA1077263A CA 1077263 A CA1077263 A CA 1077263A CA 321290 A CA321290 A CA 321290A CA 1077263 A CA1077263 A CA 1077263A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sock
- outsole
- boot
- cellular
- elastomeric material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
This invention relates to boots for divers, used in association with a wet suit, dry suit, other diving gears or for aquatic other activities.
Each boot comprises a sock, made of cellular elastomeric material, preferably covered by nylon fabric on one or two sides, and an outsole, together with a back stay, a toe-cap and a foxing, made of non-cellular rubber and directly vulcanized as a unit on the sock. The resulting boot is long-lasting because the outsole does not become detached from the sock. Vulcanization is carried out in such a way that it does not affect the cellular elastomeric material.
This invention relates to boots for divers, used in association with a wet suit, dry suit, other diving gears or for aquatic other activities.
Each boot comprises a sock, made of cellular elastomeric material, preferably covered by nylon fabric on one or two sides, and an outsole, together with a back stay, a toe-cap and a foxing, made of non-cellular rubber and directly vulcanized as a unit on the sock. The resulting boot is long-lasting because the outsole does not become detached from the sock. Vulcanization is carried out in such a way that it does not affect the cellular elastomeric material.
Description
1077~f~3 The present invention relstes to boots useful in aquatic activities, p~rticularly in underwater diving arld also concerns a method of meking 3~me.
Such boots are normally made from a sock rising to just aooue the ankle, with the sock heving an outsole of rubber. The sock itself is normally made by ctitching together piece~ of cellular ela~to~er, pr6fsrably covered by one Or two piec8~ of fabric, of nylon or eimil~r synthetic yarn. A rubber outoole i~ then adhered to the bottom of ; the sock. One known type of outsole i~ a precut piecs which i8 cemented and ~titched to the sock all around the edge of the outsole.
In such a known construction, in order for the out~ole to be stitchs~
to the sock, it must be made of low grade flexible and soft rubber and the latter, together with the otitching itself, can be easlly torn away from the sock during use. Another known type Or outsole con~ist8 of a molded rubbér piecs whlch is cemented to the aock. It has been found that such conventionsl divers' boots do not lsst very long.
It i8 sn object Or the invention to provide a boot, which obviates the above-noted disodvantage~ in that the rubber out~ole is directly molded and vulcanized in ~itu and adheres to the sock without any stitching.
~ore specirically, the boot of the prssent invention compri~eJ a sock mada of a cellular elostom0ric material, including an in~ole and an upper, and an outsole a~mbly consisting sub~tantially of a non-cellular rubber composition coverlng the insole and the adjacent p~rt of the upper all arDund the insole, said outoole eseembly bsing vulcanized in oitu ; and adh3ring to the sock.
Ths pre~ent invention also resides in a method of making such a boot, which method comprise~ the steps of forming a sock including a aole portion and un upper, fro~ a sheet of cellular elastomeric material;
adhering an outole aaesmbly including unvulcanized non-cellular rubber composition to sQid sole portion and to the adJacent part of the upper all around the 301e portion; plscing the re~ulting unit in an oven snd vulcanizing under pressure ~aid out~ole a3sembly in situ on ~aid ~ock .~ .
~ .
: `' 10772~3 at a maximum temperature belew the degrading tempsrature of th~ ~ellular elastomeric material of the 8eck Preferably, s~id elastomeric material i8 cellul~r neoprene~ end ~; the rubber composition of the outsole assembly iA natural rubb~r A pre~erred embodiment of the pre~ent invention will be hereinofter described with reference to the accompanying drawing~, whe~ein ; Figure 1 io ~ per~pective vlew of ~ boot in accordance with the invention;
` Figure 2 is a side elevatlon of the s~me;
., Figure 3 io a perspectivo vlew of the sock proper, the upper portion being cut away;
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the boot, taken along line 4-4 of Figure 1; snd ~ igure 5 is a cross-section, taken along line 5-5 of Flgure 2 In the drawlng~, like reterence charscters indicote lik0 ~lements , .......................................................... .
1 throughout.
.,",.~
A~ illustrated in the drawlng~, the boot comprises a sock 1, covered in p rt by an outoole aosembly; generally indicated at 2, and made of rubber.
The outsole assembly more pecitloally includeo an outsole proper~ indlcated ~1 20 at 3, a toe-cap 4 covering the toe portion o- the sock 1, a back stay 5 ;~ covering the heel portion ot the ock 1 snd e oxing 6 surrounding the ,1 entire lower edge ot the ~ock 1 nd ~ormlng -n lntegral unlt with the outsole 3, the toe-cap 4 and the back 5.
The sock 1 1~ made`trom at lea6t one plece of flexible and heat-~I
insulating material, properly cut nd stltched to form the sock. In the example shown, two pieceo are u~ed; they are stltched together by the line : .
of otitching 7~extsndlng ln the centr-l vertical plane of the sock. Thu~
the in~ulating material is msde ot a layer 8 of cellular oynthetic elaatomer, .:, .
;~ such ao celluler neoprene. Layer 9 may be uoed as is, or one or both faces 3û of which can be covered by a t-bric ot synthetlc yarn, such as nylon, sdhering to layer ~. The drowings show an lnolde fabric 9 and an outside fabric 10 As an example, thickness ot the ~ock may vary trom 5 to ? millimeters and ,: ~
it has a high thermol insulation prope~ty, is highly flexible and absorbs :, .
water, a maximum ot about five percent by w~ight of the materisl, Th~ sock is made in a conuentional m~nner in the making of the boot. Once the sock ha~ been prepared, a metal laEt i8 insertsd therein to impart to the sock ths sh~pe of a bo~t with ~ sole surfac~.
The underside ~nd the lower ~dges of the sock aru th~n co~red with a first coat of a neoprene bHse cement which adh~res to cellular neoprene layer ~ by being absorbed through the fabric 10 and which also adheres to the outside fabric 10, the latter being gen~rally ~adl of nylon. Then, a ~econd coat of cement, namely a netural rubber ba~e cement, i8 applied on the first co~t. The second co0t adheres to the fir~t coat and also to the outsole assflmbly 2~ since the latter is made of natural rubber, The Various rubber part~ are th~n applied to the cement^coated 80C~. First, a filler 11 ia applied and adhered to the so~e surface; filler 11 consists of a rabric impregnsted with natural unvolcanized rubber and Or about 45 thou~ahdths Or an inoh thick; uovulcanlzed natursl rubber parts including the' toe-cap 4, the back atay S and the foxing 6 ere then applied and adhered tn the sock 1 and to the ~iller abrlc 11 ln their proper posltion.
The outsole 3 i8 then applied and adhered to the sock, and the entlre ~' asembly i8 th'en placed in sn autoclsve subjected to he~t and pre~sure t~ vulcanize the outsole as~embly 2 in sltu. The vulcsnlzation, or curing cycle, 1~ ~uch that the natural rubber components sre progresslvely bro ught to ~ temper~turn Or a moxlmum Or 240~ during one hour and then cured'for another three hour- at 24ûF, ~uch temperature belng chosen 80 as not to degrade the ela~tomeric property Or the sock materisl. The autoclave i~ then opened and the resulting boot has it~ proper shspe and has its out~ole assembly vulcanized in situ and ~ odhering to the sock. No stitchlng whatever i~ needed to Qttsch the outsole aseembly to the sook. Since nb atitching i~ requir0d, high grade natural rubber parts are ssle~ to make the outsole assembly.
It is to bs noted that it is important not to exceed the degrading temperature ot the oock material in the vulcanlzation step.
In this re~pect, a vulcanizing cycle of 1-3/4 hour at 3û pound-pressure with a curlng cycle of fir~t one-half hour with 8 temper~turs rising up to 270F and with a turther 1-1/4 hour wlth a temperature rsmaining at ~ `
_ ~ _ 1077Z~i3 270F~ has been tried. ~owaver, in that experiment, it wa~ nated that the temperature and vulcanizing cycle used caused a gre~t red~ction in th~ thickne~s of the foam of the sock~ which would have resulted in a great 1098 in the heat-in81ulsting property of the ~aterial of the 80ck.
In the vulcanizing cycle u8ad~ it is to be noted that a lower temperature than 240F could be used; but then with a longer curing -cycle. In fact, room tempereture could be used for vulcanization; but the curing cycle would last one weak, which is not prsctical.
The pre88ure used during vulcanization i8 normally 30 pounds~
lû but could be as low 89 10 pounds per square inch.
'-;.
~ .
... .
' .
.
. .
:. ~
., ~ .
- 5 _ . ~
Such boots are normally made from a sock rising to just aooue the ankle, with the sock heving an outsole of rubber. The sock itself is normally made by ctitching together piece~ of cellular ela~to~er, pr6fsrably covered by one Or two piec8~ of fabric, of nylon or eimil~r synthetic yarn. A rubber outoole i~ then adhered to the bottom of ; the sock. One known type of outsole i~ a precut piecs which i8 cemented and ~titched to the sock all around the edge of the outsole.
In such a known construction, in order for the out~ole to be stitchs~
to the sock, it must be made of low grade flexible and soft rubber and the latter, together with the otitching itself, can be easlly torn away from the sock during use. Another known type Or outsole con~ist8 of a molded rubbér piecs whlch is cemented to the aock. It has been found that such conventionsl divers' boots do not lsst very long.
It i8 sn object Or the invention to provide a boot, which obviates the above-noted disodvantage~ in that the rubber out~ole is directly molded and vulcanized in ~itu and adheres to the sock without any stitching.
~ore specirically, the boot of the prssent invention compri~eJ a sock mada of a cellular elostom0ric material, including an in~ole and an upper, and an outsole a~mbly consisting sub~tantially of a non-cellular rubber composition coverlng the insole and the adjacent p~rt of the upper all arDund the insole, said outoole eseembly bsing vulcanized in oitu ; and adh3ring to the sock.
Ths pre~ent invention also resides in a method of making such a boot, which method comprise~ the steps of forming a sock including a aole portion and un upper, fro~ a sheet of cellular elastomeric material;
adhering an outole aaesmbly including unvulcanized non-cellular rubber composition to sQid sole portion and to the adJacent part of the upper all around the 301e portion; plscing the re~ulting unit in an oven snd vulcanizing under pressure ~aid out~ole a3sembly in situ on ~aid ~ock .~ .
~ .
: `' 10772~3 at a maximum temperature belew the degrading tempsrature of th~ ~ellular elastomeric material of the 8eck Preferably, s~id elastomeric material i8 cellul~r neoprene~ end ~; the rubber composition of the outsole assembly iA natural rubb~r A pre~erred embodiment of the pre~ent invention will be hereinofter described with reference to the accompanying drawing~, whe~ein ; Figure 1 io ~ per~pective vlew of ~ boot in accordance with the invention;
` Figure 2 is a side elevatlon of the s~me;
., Figure 3 io a perspectivo vlew of the sock proper, the upper portion being cut away;
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the boot, taken along line 4-4 of Figure 1; snd ~ igure 5 is a cross-section, taken along line 5-5 of Flgure 2 In the drawlng~, like reterence charscters indicote lik0 ~lements , .......................................................... .
1 throughout.
.,",.~
A~ illustrated in the drawlng~, the boot comprises a sock 1, covered in p rt by an outoole aosembly; generally indicated at 2, and made of rubber.
The outsole assembly more pecitloally includeo an outsole proper~ indlcated ~1 20 at 3, a toe-cap 4 covering the toe portion o- the sock 1, a back stay 5 ;~ covering the heel portion ot the ock 1 snd e oxing 6 surrounding the ,1 entire lower edge ot the ~ock 1 nd ~ormlng -n lntegral unlt with the outsole 3, the toe-cap 4 and the back 5.
The sock 1 1~ made`trom at lea6t one plece of flexible and heat-~I
insulating material, properly cut nd stltched to form the sock. In the example shown, two pieceo are u~ed; they are stltched together by the line : .
of otitching 7~extsndlng ln the centr-l vertical plane of the sock. Thu~
the in~ulating material is msde ot a layer 8 of cellular oynthetic elaatomer, .:, .
;~ such ao celluler neoprene. Layer 9 may be uoed as is, or one or both faces 3û of which can be covered by a t-bric ot synthetlc yarn, such as nylon, sdhering to layer ~. The drowings show an lnolde fabric 9 and an outside fabric 10 As an example, thickness ot the ~ock may vary trom 5 to ? millimeters and ,: ~
it has a high thermol insulation prope~ty, is highly flexible and absorbs :, .
water, a maximum ot about five percent by w~ight of the materisl, Th~ sock is made in a conuentional m~nner in the making of the boot. Once the sock ha~ been prepared, a metal laEt i8 insertsd therein to impart to the sock ths sh~pe of a bo~t with ~ sole surfac~.
The underside ~nd the lower ~dges of the sock aru th~n co~red with a first coat of a neoprene bHse cement which adh~res to cellular neoprene layer ~ by being absorbed through the fabric 10 and which also adheres to the outside fabric 10, the latter being gen~rally ~adl of nylon. Then, a ~econd coat of cement, namely a netural rubber ba~e cement, i8 applied on the first co~t. The second co0t adheres to the fir~t coat and also to the outsole assflmbly 2~ since the latter is made of natural rubber, The Various rubber part~ are th~n applied to the cement^coated 80C~. First, a filler 11 ia applied and adhered to the so~e surface; filler 11 consists of a rabric impregnsted with natural unvolcanized rubber and Or about 45 thou~ahdths Or an inoh thick; uovulcanlzed natursl rubber parts including the' toe-cap 4, the back atay S and the foxing 6 ere then applied and adhered tn the sock 1 and to the ~iller abrlc 11 ln their proper posltion.
The outsole 3 i8 then applied and adhered to the sock, and the entlre ~' asembly i8 th'en placed in sn autoclsve subjected to he~t and pre~sure t~ vulcanize the outsole as~embly 2 in sltu. The vulcsnlzation, or curing cycle, 1~ ~uch that the natural rubber components sre progresslvely bro ught to ~ temper~turn Or a moxlmum Or 240~ during one hour and then cured'for another three hour- at 24ûF, ~uch temperature belng chosen 80 as not to degrade the ela~tomeric property Or the sock materisl. The autoclave i~ then opened and the resulting boot has it~ proper shspe and has its out~ole assembly vulcanized in situ and ~ odhering to the sock. No stitchlng whatever i~ needed to Qttsch the outsole aseembly to the sook. Since nb atitching i~ requir0d, high grade natural rubber parts are ssle~ to make the outsole assembly.
It is to bs noted that it is important not to exceed the degrading temperature ot the oock material in the vulcanlzation step.
In this re~pect, a vulcanizing cycle of 1-3/4 hour at 3û pound-pressure with a curlng cycle of fir~t one-half hour with 8 temper~turs rising up to 270F and with a turther 1-1/4 hour wlth a temperature rsmaining at ~ `
_ ~ _ 1077Z~i3 270F~ has been tried. ~owaver, in that experiment, it wa~ nated that the temperature and vulcanizing cycle used caused a gre~t red~ction in th~ thickne~s of the foam of the sock~ which would have resulted in a great 1098 in the heat-in81ulsting property of the ~aterial of the 80ck.
In the vulcanizing cycle u8ad~ it is to be noted that a lower temperature than 240F could be used; but then with a longer curing -cycle. In fact, room tempereture could be used for vulcanization; but the curing cycle would last one weak, which is not prsctical.
The pre88ure used during vulcanization i8 normally 30 pounds~
lû but could be as low 89 10 pounds per square inch.
'-;.
~ .
... .
' .
.
. .
:. ~
., ~ .
- 5 _ . ~
Claims (14)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED, ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A hoot useful in aquatic activities, particularly in under-water diving, comprising a sock made of a cellular elastomeric material and including an insole and an upper; an outsole assembly consisting substantially of a non-cellular rubber composition covering the insole and the adjacent part of the upper all around the insole, said outsole assembly being vulcanized in situ and adhering to the sock.
2. A boot as claimed in claim 1, wherein said elastomeric material is cellular neoprene and is covered by a fabric adhering thereto over its entire outer surface, including said insole.
3. A boot for divers and the like as defined in claim 2, wherein the rubber of said outsole assembly is natural rubber, and further including a first coat of neoprene bass cement coating said outside fabric and said cellular neoprene through the interstices of said outside fabric, said first coat coating said insole and said adjacent part of the upper, and a second coat of natural rubber base cement applied to said first coat and in direct contact with said outsole assembly.
4. A boot as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein said outsole assembly includes an outsole extended by a back stay at the heel of the boot, by a toe-cap at the toe portion of the boot and by a foxing along the lower edge of the boot all around the same, said back stay, toe-cap and foxing forming an integral assembly with said outsole.
5. A boot as defined in claim 2 or 3, wherein said fabric is a thermo-plastic.
6. A boot as defined in claim 2 or 3, wherein said fabric is made of nylon yarn.
7. A method of making a boot for divers and the like, comprising the steps of forming a sock from a sheet of cellular elastomeric material, said sock including a sole portion and an upper, adhering an outsole assembly including an unvulcanized, non-cellular rubber composition, to said sole portion and to the adjacent part of the upper all around the sole portion, placing the resulting unit in an oven and vulcanizing under pressure said outsole assembly in situ on said sock at a maximum temperature below the degrading temperature of the cellular elastomeric material of the sock.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said maximum vulcanizing temperature is a maximum of about 240°F.
9. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said vulcanizing is carried out by progressively increasing the temperature from room temperature to said maximum vulcanizing temperature, and then maintaining said maximum vulcanizing temperature till vulcanization is completed.
10. A method as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein the pressure is between 10 and 30 pound per square inch.
11. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said elastomeric material is cellular neoprene and the rubber of said outsole assembly is natural rubber, and further including applying a first coat of neoprene base cement to said sole portion and to the adjacent part of the upper all around said sole portion,and applying a second coat of natural rubber base cement over said first coat, said outsole assembly of unvulcanized rubber being adhered to said sock by means of said first and second coats.
12. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said elastomeric material is covered at least on the outside of said sock by a fabric of synthetic yarn adhering to said elastomeric material over the entire surface of the latter.
13. A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein said synthetic yarn is nylon yarn.
14. A method as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein said un-vulcanized outsole assembly is adhered to said sock by separately adhering an outsole to said sole portion, a back stay to the heel of the sock, a toe-cap to the toe portion of the sock and a foxing to the lower edge of the sock all around the outsole, said back stay, toe-cap and foxing form-ing an integral assembly with said outsole once the vulcanizing step has been carried out.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US92207078A | 1978-07-05 | 1978-07-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1077263A true CA1077263A (en) | 1980-05-13 |
Family
ID=25446459
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA321,290A Expired CA1077263A (en) | 1978-07-05 | 1979-02-12 | Boots for aquatic activities |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1077263A (en) |
-
1979
- 1979-02-12 CA CA321,290A patent/CA1077263A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |