CA1075898A - Vessels for containing molten metals - Google Patents
Vessels for containing molten metalsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1075898A CA1075898A CA292,509A CA292509A CA1075898A CA 1075898 A CA1075898 A CA 1075898A CA 292509 A CA292509 A CA 292509A CA 1075898 A CA1075898 A CA 1075898A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- refractory material
- refractory
- slabs
- lining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Molten metal handling vessels e.g. tundishes consist of an outer metal casing, a relatively permanent refractory lining and an inner disposible lining made of a plurality of slabs of refractory heat insulating material. Channels formed in the permanent lining adjacent the joints between the slabs or by rebates in the slabs are filled with refractory material, either preformed shapes or a refractory composition filled in situ. Such refractory material minimises steel penetration through the joints between the slabs. The refractory material may contain carbonaceous material to enhance this antipene-tration property.
Molten metal handling vessels e.g. tundishes consist of an outer metal casing, a relatively permanent refractory lining and an inner disposible lining made of a plurality of slabs of refractory heat insulating material. Channels formed in the permanent lining adjacent the joints between the slabs or by rebates in the slabs are filled with refractory material, either preformed shapes or a refractory composition filled in situ. Such refractory material minimises steel penetration through the joints between the slabs. The refractory material may contain carbonaceous material to enhance this antipene-tration property.
Description
10~S~3B ~ . 107~
rhis invention relates to molten metal handling vessels. It is o~` par-ticular value in the construction and operation of -tundishes used in continuous cas-ting and it will be specifically described with reference to tha-t S use. However, the presen-t invention is of value in o-ther molten metal handling vessels such as ladles and launders.
Vessels for containing molten metal usually consist of a metal casing lined with one or more inner layers of re-fractory brickes or with one or more layers of refractory concre-te. Lining such metal casings to produce vessels in which molten metals may be held or through which molten metals may be passed is time consuming and expensive, and additionally demands skilled bricklaying if it is -to be successfully carried out. Damage to such linings can occur during use and when this happens the vessel must be taken out of service and at least the damaged areas relined. Re-lining is a difficult operation to carry out, even where only small areas of the lining need to be repaired.
Accordingly in recent years attempts have been made to minimise relining and rebricking and one of the most successful developments has been the use of expenable inner linings. Such expendable linilngs are formed of a material sufficiently refractory and mechanically resistant to stand up to use for a relatively short period of time, for example one continuous casting cycle in the case of a tundish. At the end of such time, the vessel is emptied F.S. 1076 ~ ' ~0'-~5~8 and thereaf`ter the expendable lining is removed and discarded together with any residues of molten metal lef`t behind, so-called "skull". rhe expendable lining serves to protec-t -the underlying refractory brick or refractory concrete lining and as a result -this rela-tively permanen-t lining has a much longer service life. Expendable linings which are generally made up of a relatively small number of slabs or -tiles of refractory heat insulating material are straightforward to install, and require considerably less time to install than would be required if -the vessel had to be repaired by re-bricking or partial or total relining with refractory concrete.
British Patent Specification 1,364,665 describes a tundish consisting of a metal casing having a relatively permanent refractory lining and an inner expendable lining which is thrown away at the end of each casting cycle.
British Patent Specification 1,469,513 describes a tundish likewise using an expendable lining in which there is interposed between the slabs forming the expendable lining and the
rhis invention relates to molten metal handling vessels. It is o~` par-ticular value in the construction and operation of -tundishes used in continuous cas-ting and it will be specifically described with reference to tha-t S use. However, the presen-t invention is of value in o-ther molten metal handling vessels such as ladles and launders.
Vessels for containing molten metal usually consist of a metal casing lined with one or more inner layers of re-fractory brickes or with one or more layers of refractory concre-te. Lining such metal casings to produce vessels in which molten metals may be held or through which molten metals may be passed is time consuming and expensive, and additionally demands skilled bricklaying if it is -to be successfully carried out. Damage to such linings can occur during use and when this happens the vessel must be taken out of service and at least the damaged areas relined. Re-lining is a difficult operation to carry out, even where only small areas of the lining need to be repaired.
Accordingly in recent years attempts have been made to minimise relining and rebricking and one of the most successful developments has been the use of expenable inner linings. Such expendable linilngs are formed of a material sufficiently refractory and mechanically resistant to stand up to use for a relatively short period of time, for example one continuous casting cycle in the case of a tundish. At the end of such time, the vessel is emptied F.S. 1076 ~ ' ~0'-~5~8 and thereaf`ter the expendable lining is removed and discarded together with any residues of molten metal lef`t behind, so-called "skull". rhe expendable lining serves to protec-t -the underlying refractory brick or refractory concrete lining and as a result -this rela-tively permanen-t lining has a much longer service life. Expendable linings which are generally made up of a relatively small number of slabs or -tiles of refractory heat insulating material are straightforward to install, and require considerably less time to install than would be required if -the vessel had to be repaired by re-bricking or partial or total relining with refractory concrete.
British Patent Specification 1,364,665 describes a tundish consisting of a metal casing having a relatively permanent refractory lining and an inner expendable lining which is thrown away at the end of each casting cycle.
British Patent Specification 1,469,513 describes a tundish likewise using an expendable lining in which there is interposed between the slabs forming the expendable lining and the
2~ relatively permanent linlng a layer of loose fill refractory material, e.g. sand. Such a loose fill refractory helps to support the inner expendable lining evenly and additionally helps to seal the joints between the individual lining slabs and prevent molten metal penetrating to the permanent lining~
F.S. 1076 . ` . ' ` ' ' ' 1(~75~
However, such loose fil:l ref`r-actory rnaterial can cause dif-fic~ ties if it becomes included in -the molten rnetal being cast. Suggestions which have been made and which may be used to minimise -the risk of sand penetration into the cavity of the tundish include forming -the joint edges of the slabs in castellated fashion so that when interlocked the loose fill particulate refractory material cannot fall into the central cavity. Such a sys-tem is described in German Offenlegungsschrift 2,651,295. An alternative approach is to provide a leaf seal at the edge of one of ~ the slabs at each joint between two slabs.
; All of these suggestions and proposals, although effective, require the presence of relatively large quantities of sand which carries the risk of inclusion ` 15 in the metal being cast and in addition increases the over-overall weight of the tundish.
According to the present invention there is provided a vessel for containing molten metal comprising an outer metal casing, a relatively permanent lining of refractory material adjacent the casing and adjacent the relatively permanent lining an inner expendable lining made up of a plurality of slabs of refractory heat insulating material wherein behind at least some of the joints between adjacent slabs of refractory heat insulating material channels are formed, which channels are filled with refractory material.
''' F.S. 1076 :`
'''' ~ ' ' '. : '. .'' , " ' : . , . ~ . , ~07S~
~ I~he channe:Ls may be l`ormecl either -in the relatively permanent lining itself or by rebating the edges of the slabs adjacent the joint on -the face rernote i~rom the interior of -the vessel. When such reba-ted slabs are assembled together the t~vo rebates form a channel behind the joint between slabs and between -them and -the relatively permanent lining. 'I'he channels may also be formed by a combination of such rebates on the slabs and a channel in the relatively permanent lining.
Not all of the join-ts between the slabs forming the expendable lining need to have an associated channel; for example channels may be provided adjacent only some or all of the joints between the wall slabs and not adjacent those between the floor slabs, or adjacent all the joints.
As noted above, -the channels are filled with refractory material. A wide variety of refractory materials may be used to fill the channels and they may be filled with such material in bonded or unbonded form. Thus the channels may be filled with a loose fill of particulate refractory material or with preformed shapes made or refractory heat insulating material or with a filling formed of a mouldable material which when set is refr-actory. The material of the filling may be based on any particulate refractory material used in the manufacture of steel-works refractories, for example silica, alumina, magnesia, .
_ 5 _ F.S 1076 7S~
zirconia, various refractory silicates and materials suchas grog, mullite, sillimanite, ol:ivine and zircon. Ihe material may also consist of or include a por-tion of a carbonaceous rel`ractory material, for example, particuiate graphite.
Thus the channels may be filled for example with preformed shapes such as strips of a refractory composition comprising a particulate refractory material such as silica sand, alumina, magnesia or chamotte bonded with a binder such as phenolformaldehyde resin, a ureaformaldehyde resin or sodium silicate. The composition may, if desired, include fibrous materials such as organic fibre e.g.
waste paper pulp or inorganic fibre e.g. asbestos, slag wool or alumino silicate fibre in order to improve the strength thereof. A typical composition for such refrac-tory strips is 70 to 97% by weight particulate refractory material, 3 to 10% by weight binder and 0 to 20% by weight fibre.
If desired the preferred shapes and the slabs of the inner expendable lining may be made from the same material.
Another material which may be used to fill the channels is a castable or rammable refractory mix comprising particulate refractory materials such as chamotte or silica sand, particulate carbonaceous material such as graphite, coke or carbon black and a binder, for example squeous F.S 1076 8Y~3 sodium silicate. (arbon corl-taining fillers for -the ch~lnnels are particu]arly prefer-red because of -the non-wet-ting pro-perties of carbonaceous refrac-tories. I`his helps inhibit penetration by molten steel in use.
Mol-ten metal containing vessels according to the present invention may be assembled by any convenient method.
The first step is to provide the metal casing with an appropria-te refractory lining either by bricking or by casting a lining in situ. If the channels are to be pro-vided in the relatively permanent lining, this may be effected easily in the case of castable linings by pro-viding a number of projections on the pattern which is inserted into the casing to define the casting space.
When the pattern is removed, channels remain in the face of the cast relatively permanent lining where the projec-tions were present on the pattern. Thereafter, if pre-formed refractory strips are to be used to line the channels they may be inserted prior to the installation of the expendable lining slabs. Otherwise, the expendabIe lining slabs are next installed and thereafter the channels filled e'g. with loose fill or rammable or castable re-fractory material. Preformed strips may also be inserted after assembly of the expendable lining.
If desired some or all of the joints between the slabs constituting the expendable lining may be sealed , ~:
F.S 1076 ~:~': ; ` ' , .
1075~9~
with a refractory mortar but it is poss:ible in some cases to avoid the necessity f`or doing so, particularly if use is made of one of the dry jointing sys-tems described above e.g. castellated edges to the slabs or leaf seals on the edge of the slabs.
The slabs constituting the expendable lining may be made of refractory heat insulating compositions known for the purpose and which are described in some detail in the above mentioned specifications. Generally the slabs will have a composition consisting predominantly of particulate refractory material, part of which may be - carbonaceous, a fibrous material, usually mostly or wholly of inorganic fibre, and a binding agent.
In the use of the molten metal con-taining vessels according to the present invention, all the advantages of the use of an expendable lining as explained in the specifications noted above are retained. Additionally, there is even less tendency to permanent damage to the relatively permanent lining than before because the weak points in the expendable lining, i.e. the joints between the slabs constituting the expendable lining are backed up by the channels filled with refractory material. Thus, the difficulty of molten metal penetration between the joints of the slabs of the expendable lining which can be encountered in tundishes during long continuous casting runs can be substantially or wholly avoided by using a tundish constructed according to the present ' .
F.S. 1076 :, invention. Even i~ the joints do become penetra-ted, steel and slag pene-tration is usually restricted to -the area of the channel. rrhe refractory ma-terial in -the channel is removed when the expendable lining is removed e.g. a-t the end of a con-tinuous casting cycle.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
` Figure 1 is a plan view of a -tundish;
Figure 2 is a cross section of the tundish along the lines AA in Figure l;
Figure 3 is a cross section of the tundish along ; the lines BB in Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a cross ~ction along the lines CC in Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings the tundish there shown consists of an outer metal casing 1 which is lined with a relatively permanent refractory lining 2. Set inside the relatively permanent lining is an expendable -lining made up of a set of slabs 3 of refractory heat - insulating material. Joints 4 between slabs 3 are each associated with channels 5 formed in the relatively permanent -~
lining o-f the tundish. The channels 5 are filled with refractory material 6 of any of the types noted above. Two casting -~
nozzles 7 are set in the base of the tundish in known fashion.
~ -.
g F.S 1076 .'.~ ' , , , - , iO75~a8 In the tundish illustrated, there is a channel 5 associated with each join-t ~ between the tundish lining slabs. r t should be appreciated however -that -there is no necessity to have a channel 5 associated with each such joint.
The f`ollowing examples will serve to illus-trate the invention:
A tundish substantially as shown in the accompanying drawings was formed by lining a metal casing with a refrac-tory concrete relatively permanent lining by casting refrac-tory concrete round a pattern which had been inserted into - the metal casing. The pattern had projections corresponding to the channels 5 and after removal of the core the channels left in the relatively permanent lining were each 20mm deep and 120mm in width. Each part of the angled channel at : the corner of the tundish was 120mm wide.
The so formed channels were then filled on one side and at two corners of the tundish with pref`ormed bonded graphite shapes and on the other side of the tundish and at the other two corners filled with a rammable refractory mix of a composition comprising particulate refractory material, graphite powder and sodium silicate. This - mixture could be trowelled into place to fill the channels.
F.S 1076 107'5~
An expendable lining was then ins-talled, each lining slab being 30 mm -thiclc and of composition by weight 92%
silica sand, 4% refrac-tory -f`ibre, 3% organic binder and 100 inorganic binder.
The -tundish so made was ot` 4 t:onnes capacity and was used to cast plain carbon steel (carbon content 0.1%) from five successive 40 tonne ladles. Casting lasted for about 7 hours. Prior to casting, the two nozzles 7 only were preheated for about 20 minutes using gas burners from the outside.
Casting was carried out satisfactorily throughout the whole of the 7 hour period without tendency to nozzle blockage. At the end of casting, the expendable lining and skull were easily removed and the refractory material in the cavities 5 was removed at the same time. The relatively permanent refractory lining of the tundish was undamaged.
EXAMPLE ?
Example 1 was repeated on an identical tundish casing with the following changes~
The relatively permanent lining was cast with channels lOOmm wide by 30mm deep rather than 120mm wide and 20mm deep and the dimensions of the channels at the corners of -the tundish were altered in like fashion. The expendable lining slabs - F.S 1076 - . , . . . ~
58~8 were insertecl beLore channels 5 were -~illed and the joints between them cc>vered over wi-th 0.6 mm thickrless s-teel strips, these strips being nailed to the lining slabs 3. Channels S were thereafter filled wi-th loose silica sand.
Similar excellen-t results to Example l were also obtained.
A rela-tively permanent lining was cast in-to a metal tundish casing with projections on the pat-tern inserted into the casing so that after removal of the pattern the relatively permanent lining had channels 5 -thereon of wi~th 120mm and depth 30mm along the sides of the tundish ~ and of 100 mm width of 30mm depth in each part of the L--~ shaped channel at the corner of the cavities.
Preformed s-trips of a composition comprising by weight silica sand 95%, paper pulp 1%, phenolic resin 4%
were then fitted into each of the channels. --An expendable lining was then inserted made up of a set of 30 mm thick slabs of the same composition as those used in Example l.
The tundish so made was of 4 tonnes capacity and was used in continuous casting under the same conditions as set out in Example l. Similar very satisfactory results were obtained and no damage to the relatively permanen-t lining was observed after the expendable lining had been removed.
F.S 1076
F.S. 1076 . ` . ' ` ' ' ' 1(~75~
However, such loose fil:l ref`r-actory rnaterial can cause dif-fic~ ties if it becomes included in -the molten rnetal being cast. Suggestions which have been made and which may be used to minimise -the risk of sand penetration into the cavity of the tundish include forming -the joint edges of the slabs in castellated fashion so that when interlocked the loose fill particulate refractory material cannot fall into the central cavity. Such a sys-tem is described in German Offenlegungsschrift 2,651,295. An alternative approach is to provide a leaf seal at the edge of one of ~ the slabs at each joint between two slabs.
; All of these suggestions and proposals, although effective, require the presence of relatively large quantities of sand which carries the risk of inclusion ` 15 in the metal being cast and in addition increases the over-overall weight of the tundish.
According to the present invention there is provided a vessel for containing molten metal comprising an outer metal casing, a relatively permanent lining of refractory material adjacent the casing and adjacent the relatively permanent lining an inner expendable lining made up of a plurality of slabs of refractory heat insulating material wherein behind at least some of the joints between adjacent slabs of refractory heat insulating material channels are formed, which channels are filled with refractory material.
''' F.S. 1076 :`
'''' ~ ' ' '. : '. .'' , " ' : . , . ~ . , ~07S~
~ I~he channe:Ls may be l`ormecl either -in the relatively permanent lining itself or by rebating the edges of the slabs adjacent the joint on -the face rernote i~rom the interior of -the vessel. When such reba-ted slabs are assembled together the t~vo rebates form a channel behind the joint between slabs and between -them and -the relatively permanent lining. 'I'he channels may also be formed by a combination of such rebates on the slabs and a channel in the relatively permanent lining.
Not all of the join-ts between the slabs forming the expendable lining need to have an associated channel; for example channels may be provided adjacent only some or all of the joints between the wall slabs and not adjacent those between the floor slabs, or adjacent all the joints.
As noted above, -the channels are filled with refractory material. A wide variety of refractory materials may be used to fill the channels and they may be filled with such material in bonded or unbonded form. Thus the channels may be filled with a loose fill of particulate refractory material or with preformed shapes made or refractory heat insulating material or with a filling formed of a mouldable material which when set is refr-actory. The material of the filling may be based on any particulate refractory material used in the manufacture of steel-works refractories, for example silica, alumina, magnesia, .
_ 5 _ F.S 1076 7S~
zirconia, various refractory silicates and materials suchas grog, mullite, sillimanite, ol:ivine and zircon. Ihe material may also consist of or include a por-tion of a carbonaceous rel`ractory material, for example, particuiate graphite.
Thus the channels may be filled for example with preformed shapes such as strips of a refractory composition comprising a particulate refractory material such as silica sand, alumina, magnesia or chamotte bonded with a binder such as phenolformaldehyde resin, a ureaformaldehyde resin or sodium silicate. The composition may, if desired, include fibrous materials such as organic fibre e.g.
waste paper pulp or inorganic fibre e.g. asbestos, slag wool or alumino silicate fibre in order to improve the strength thereof. A typical composition for such refrac-tory strips is 70 to 97% by weight particulate refractory material, 3 to 10% by weight binder and 0 to 20% by weight fibre.
If desired the preferred shapes and the slabs of the inner expendable lining may be made from the same material.
Another material which may be used to fill the channels is a castable or rammable refractory mix comprising particulate refractory materials such as chamotte or silica sand, particulate carbonaceous material such as graphite, coke or carbon black and a binder, for example squeous F.S 1076 8Y~3 sodium silicate. (arbon corl-taining fillers for -the ch~lnnels are particu]arly prefer-red because of -the non-wet-ting pro-perties of carbonaceous refrac-tories. I`his helps inhibit penetration by molten steel in use.
Mol-ten metal containing vessels according to the present invention may be assembled by any convenient method.
The first step is to provide the metal casing with an appropria-te refractory lining either by bricking or by casting a lining in situ. If the channels are to be pro-vided in the relatively permanent lining, this may be effected easily in the case of castable linings by pro-viding a number of projections on the pattern which is inserted into the casing to define the casting space.
When the pattern is removed, channels remain in the face of the cast relatively permanent lining where the projec-tions were present on the pattern. Thereafter, if pre-formed refractory strips are to be used to line the channels they may be inserted prior to the installation of the expendable lining slabs. Otherwise, the expendabIe lining slabs are next installed and thereafter the channels filled e'g. with loose fill or rammable or castable re-fractory material. Preformed strips may also be inserted after assembly of the expendable lining.
If desired some or all of the joints between the slabs constituting the expendable lining may be sealed , ~:
F.S 1076 ~:~': ; ` ' , .
1075~9~
with a refractory mortar but it is poss:ible in some cases to avoid the necessity f`or doing so, particularly if use is made of one of the dry jointing sys-tems described above e.g. castellated edges to the slabs or leaf seals on the edge of the slabs.
The slabs constituting the expendable lining may be made of refractory heat insulating compositions known for the purpose and which are described in some detail in the above mentioned specifications. Generally the slabs will have a composition consisting predominantly of particulate refractory material, part of which may be - carbonaceous, a fibrous material, usually mostly or wholly of inorganic fibre, and a binding agent.
In the use of the molten metal con-taining vessels according to the present invention, all the advantages of the use of an expendable lining as explained in the specifications noted above are retained. Additionally, there is even less tendency to permanent damage to the relatively permanent lining than before because the weak points in the expendable lining, i.e. the joints between the slabs constituting the expendable lining are backed up by the channels filled with refractory material. Thus, the difficulty of molten metal penetration between the joints of the slabs of the expendable lining which can be encountered in tundishes during long continuous casting runs can be substantially or wholly avoided by using a tundish constructed according to the present ' .
F.S. 1076 :, invention. Even i~ the joints do become penetra-ted, steel and slag pene-tration is usually restricted to -the area of the channel. rrhe refractory ma-terial in -the channel is removed when the expendable lining is removed e.g. a-t the end of a con-tinuous casting cycle.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
` Figure 1 is a plan view of a -tundish;
Figure 2 is a cross section of the tundish along the lines AA in Figure l;
Figure 3 is a cross section of the tundish along ; the lines BB in Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a cross ~ction along the lines CC in Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings the tundish there shown consists of an outer metal casing 1 which is lined with a relatively permanent refractory lining 2. Set inside the relatively permanent lining is an expendable -lining made up of a set of slabs 3 of refractory heat - insulating material. Joints 4 between slabs 3 are each associated with channels 5 formed in the relatively permanent -~
lining o-f the tundish. The channels 5 are filled with refractory material 6 of any of the types noted above. Two casting -~
nozzles 7 are set in the base of the tundish in known fashion.
~ -.
g F.S 1076 .'.~ ' , , , - , iO75~a8 In the tundish illustrated, there is a channel 5 associated with each join-t ~ between the tundish lining slabs. r t should be appreciated however -that -there is no necessity to have a channel 5 associated with each such joint.
The f`ollowing examples will serve to illus-trate the invention:
A tundish substantially as shown in the accompanying drawings was formed by lining a metal casing with a refrac-tory concrete relatively permanent lining by casting refrac-tory concrete round a pattern which had been inserted into - the metal casing. The pattern had projections corresponding to the channels 5 and after removal of the core the channels left in the relatively permanent lining were each 20mm deep and 120mm in width. Each part of the angled channel at : the corner of the tundish was 120mm wide.
The so formed channels were then filled on one side and at two corners of the tundish with pref`ormed bonded graphite shapes and on the other side of the tundish and at the other two corners filled with a rammable refractory mix of a composition comprising particulate refractory material, graphite powder and sodium silicate. This - mixture could be trowelled into place to fill the channels.
F.S 1076 107'5~
An expendable lining was then ins-talled, each lining slab being 30 mm -thiclc and of composition by weight 92%
silica sand, 4% refrac-tory -f`ibre, 3% organic binder and 100 inorganic binder.
The -tundish so made was ot` 4 t:onnes capacity and was used to cast plain carbon steel (carbon content 0.1%) from five successive 40 tonne ladles. Casting lasted for about 7 hours. Prior to casting, the two nozzles 7 only were preheated for about 20 minutes using gas burners from the outside.
Casting was carried out satisfactorily throughout the whole of the 7 hour period without tendency to nozzle blockage. At the end of casting, the expendable lining and skull were easily removed and the refractory material in the cavities 5 was removed at the same time. The relatively permanent refractory lining of the tundish was undamaged.
EXAMPLE ?
Example 1 was repeated on an identical tundish casing with the following changes~
The relatively permanent lining was cast with channels lOOmm wide by 30mm deep rather than 120mm wide and 20mm deep and the dimensions of the channels at the corners of -the tundish were altered in like fashion. The expendable lining slabs - F.S 1076 - . , . . . ~
58~8 were insertecl beLore channels 5 were -~illed and the joints between them cc>vered over wi-th 0.6 mm thickrless s-teel strips, these strips being nailed to the lining slabs 3. Channels S were thereafter filled wi-th loose silica sand.
Similar excellen-t results to Example l were also obtained.
A rela-tively permanent lining was cast in-to a metal tundish casing with projections on the pat-tern inserted into the casing so that after removal of the pattern the relatively permanent lining had channels 5 -thereon of wi~th 120mm and depth 30mm along the sides of the tundish ~ and of 100 mm width of 30mm depth in each part of the L--~ shaped channel at the corner of the cavities.
Preformed s-trips of a composition comprising by weight silica sand 95%, paper pulp 1%, phenolic resin 4%
were then fitted into each of the channels. --An expendable lining was then inserted made up of a set of 30 mm thick slabs of the same composition as those used in Example l.
The tundish so made was of 4 tonnes capacity and was used in continuous casting under the same conditions as set out in Example l. Similar very satisfactory results were obtained and no damage to the relatively permanen-t lining was observed after the expendable lining had been removed.
F.S 1076
Claims (19)
- The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
l. In a vessel for containing molten metal compris1ng an outer metal casing, a relatively permanent lining Or re-fractory material adjacent the casing and adjacent the re-latively permanent lining an inner expendable lining made up of a plurality of slabs of refractory heat insulating material, the improvement comprising, behind at least some of the joints between adjacent slabs of refractory heat insulating material, channels filled with refractory material. - 2. The vessel of claim l wherein the channels are formed in the relatively permanent lining.
- 3. The vessel of claim l wherein the channels are formed by rebating the edges of the slabs adjacent the joint on the face remote from the interior of the vessel.
- 4. The vessel of claim l wherein the channels are filled with a loose fill of particulate refractory material.
- 5. The vessel of claim l wherein the channels are filled with a cast refractory composition.
F.S. 1076 - 6. The vessel of claim 1 wherein the channels are filled with a rammed refractory composition.
- 7. The vessel of claim 1 wherein the channels are filled with preformed shapes of bonded refractory material.
- 8. The vessel of claim 7 wherein the preformed shapes and the slabs are made from the same material.
- 9. The vessel of claim 4 wherein the refractory material comprises a proportion of carbonaceous refractory material.
- 10. The vessel of claim 5 wherein the refractory material comprises a proportion of carbonaceous refractory material.
- 11. The vessel of claim 6 wherein the refractory material comprises a proportion of carbonaceous refractory material.
- 12. The vessel of claim 7 wherein the refractory material comprises a proportion of carbonaceous refractory material.
- 13. The vessel of claim 8 wherein the refractory material comprises a proportion of carbonaceous refractory material.
- 14. The vessel of claim 10 wherein the carbonaceous particulate refractory material is graphite.
F.S. 1076 - 15. The vessel of claim 11 wherein the carbonaceous particulate refractory material is graphite.
- 16. The vessel of claim 12 wherein the carbonaceous particulate refractory material is graphite.
- 17. The vessel of claim 13 wherein the carbonaceous particulate refractory material is graphite.
- 18. The vessel of claim 1 wherein the joints between the slabs of the expendable lining are additionally covered by a sealing strip.
- 19. The vessel of claim 1 which is a tundish.
F.S. 1076
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14754076A JPS5370926A (en) | 1976-12-07 | 1976-12-07 | Continuous casting tandish |
| JP14753876A JPS5370924A (en) | 1976-12-07 | 1976-12-07 | Continuous casting tandish |
| JP14753976A JPS5370925A (en) | 1976-12-07 | 1976-12-07 | Continuous casting tandish |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1075898A true CA1075898A (en) | 1980-04-22 |
Family
ID=27319368
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA292,509A Expired CA1075898A (en) | 1976-12-07 | 1977-12-06 | Vessels for containing molten metals |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BR (1) | BR7708114A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1075898A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2754520C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2373347A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1537739A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1091652B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7713772L (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2451789A1 (en) * | 1979-03-22 | 1980-10-17 | Daussan & Co | THERMALLY INSULATING COATING FOR METALLURGICAL CONTAINERS AND METHOD THEREOF |
| GB2121150B (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1985-11-13 | Morganite Thermal Designs Limi | Linings for molten metal holders |
| GB9018205D0 (en) * | 1990-08-18 | 1990-10-03 | Foseco Int | Lining of metallurgical vessels |
| DE4142029C2 (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1994-06-16 | Didier Werke Ag | Steel ladle |
| DE102006010683B3 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-10-04 | Foundry-Service Gmbh | Device for heating, heat retention, and transport of molten masses in double walled in highly heat insulated containers useful in metallurgical operations gives greatly increased operztional safety |
| EP2700682A1 (en) | 2012-08-21 | 2014-02-26 | Uwe Lungmuß | Heat conducting coating, in particular for casting crucibles or heat exchangers |
| DE102012107686B4 (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2016-06-16 | Uwe Lungmuß | Heat-dissipating coating, in particular for foundry pans |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3333746A (en) * | 1966-05-19 | 1967-08-01 | Harbison Walker Refractories | Tundish ladles |
| US3552732A (en) * | 1967-12-21 | 1971-01-05 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Refractory lined ladle having means to facilitate removal of the lining |
| GB1364665A (en) * | 1971-12-07 | 1974-08-29 | Foseco Trading Ag | Tundishes |
| GB1469513A (en) * | 1973-07-30 | 1977-04-06 | Foseco Trading Ag | Tundishes |
| US3955721A (en) * | 1974-09-12 | 1976-05-11 | Bate Micheal Donald | Expendable tundish liner |
| LU71573A1 (en) * | 1974-12-30 | 1976-11-11 | ||
| GB1544637A (en) * | 1975-11-10 | 1979-04-25 | Foseco Trading Ag | Lining of molten metal containers |
| BE836489A (en) * | 1975-12-10 | 1976-04-01 | Refractory lining |
-
1977
- 1977-11-18 GB GB4815277A patent/GB1537739A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-05 SE SE7713772A patent/SE7713772L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-12-06 IT IT6974277A patent/IT1091652B/en active
- 1977-12-06 BR BR7708114A patent/BR7708114A/en unknown
- 1977-12-06 FR FR7736664A patent/FR2373347A1/en active Granted
- 1977-12-06 CA CA292,509A patent/CA1075898A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-07 DE DE19772754520 patent/DE2754520C3/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2373347A1 (en) | 1978-07-07 |
| FR2373347B1 (en) | 1980-02-15 |
| BR7708114A (en) | 1978-07-25 |
| GB1537739A (en) | 1979-01-04 |
| DE2754520C3 (en) | 1981-11-19 |
| IT1091652B (en) | 1985-07-06 |
| DE2754520B2 (en) | 1981-03-19 |
| DE2754520A1 (en) | 1978-06-08 |
| SE7713772L (en) | 1978-06-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |