CA1074198A - Solar heated and cooled modular building - Google Patents
Solar heated and cooled modular buildingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1074198A CA1074198A CA265,825A CA265825A CA1074198A CA 1074198 A CA1074198 A CA 1074198A CA 265825 A CA265825 A CA 265825A CA 1074198 A CA1074198 A CA 1074198A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- columns
- beams
- panels
- building
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
A solar heated and cooled modular building includes insulated prefabricated wall and roof panels supported on prefabricated tubular wall columns and roof beams. Fluid circulating means is connected with the columns and beams to circulate fluid therethrough at a desired temperature from a source of the fluid to maintain a desired temperature in the building. A plurality of solar panels are supported on the roof of the building and a heat pump is connected therewith to circulate a heat exchange fluid through the panels to absorb heat.
The heated heat exchange fluid is then used to obtain the desired temperature of the fluid circulated through the columns and beams.
A solar heated and cooled modular building includes insulated prefabricated wall and roof panels supported on prefabricated tubular wall columns and roof beams. Fluid circulating means is connected with the columns and beams to circulate fluid therethrough at a desired temperature from a source of the fluid to maintain a desired temperature in the building. A plurality of solar panels are supported on the roof of the building and a heat pump is connected therewith to circulate a heat exchange fluid through the panels to absorb heat.
The heated heat exchange fluid is then used to obtain the desired temperature of the fluid circulated through the columns and beams.
Description
7~
This invention relates to build.ing constructions, and .in particular, to an economical, esily assembled and disassembled bl~ildiny which is substantially fireproof and which utilizes natural energy sources for heating and co~ling.
Many types of building constructions are known in the prior art which have mea.ns for utilization of solar energy and the like to heat and/or cool the building.
Further, some such prior art structures utilize fireproo~
materials and/or modular construction. However, all of these prior art devices utilize a substantially conventional construction, with modifications thereto to accommodate the modular building concept or the use of solar energy or other natural energy sources for heating and/or cooling of the building. None of the prior art devices known to a~p~icant teach a completely new building construction as .i dis~losed by applicant herein, wherPin a prefabricated, tubular frame is used through which liquid is circulated to heat and/or cool the building, and in which a plurality of rigid, insulated, prefabricated panels are secured to the frame on the roof and walls thereof to form the e building, and with solar panels supported on top of the roof :.
through which a heat exchange fluid is circulated to absorh solar energy and then used to obtain the desired te~perature in thP fluid circulated through the frame o~
the building.
Thus~ although modular building constructions ar~ known in the prior art, and althouyh solar energy powered buildings are known in the prior art, heretofore there has not been any economical and practic~ble ConstrUCtiOn or method of providing an essentially fireproof : - 2 - ~
.
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.
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building which i.5 of modular construction and which may be easily and economically erected or disassembled, and which utilizes economical solar energy means to heat and/or cool the building. More particularly, heating and cooling of the building in accordance with applicant's invention is accomplished by circulation of a heat exchan~e fluid through the frame of the building.
With applicant's construction, wherein radiant heat from the floor, walls and roof is used to heat the building, a savings of at least 70% in the amount of energy required to heat the building is obtained. Similar results are obtained for cooling the building. Additionally, factory production of standard components used to erect the building reduce costs by about 30~, and the ease with which the building can be erected results in a subs$antial savings in time to erect the building, and an additional 20% redu tion in cost of the building, as compared with conventional constructions.
Further, a building constructed in accordance with applicant's invention has a structural strength approxLmately five times as great as a buildiny of wood frame construction. Moreover, because of the ease with which the building may be erected and disassembled, it is possible that the building could be disassem~led and moved when the owner of the building leaves the area, thus eliminating the necessity of purchasing a new home or building at a new location. The existing building would simply be disassembled and then erected at the new loc~tion.
Still further, the unique cQnstruction of applicant's -:
building eliminates the necessity of providing interior supports, so that the interior of the building is open and . .
7~
free, whereby there is great latitude in room arrangements to meet different requirements or desires. A 5till further advantage to applicant's invention i5 that the unique modular constru~tion of the building enables buildings to be stocked and sold in volume, much in the nature of automobiles and other such o~jects, thus providing a further reduction in cost.
The invention is described further, by way of illustration, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a transverse, sectional view of a building in accordance with the invention, showing the relationship of wall columns, roo~ ~eams, wall and roof panels, solar panels and fluid circulating means in accordance with the invention;
Figure 2 is a greatly enlarged, sectional view 1-taken along line 2-2 in Figure l;
Figure 3 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view taken along line 3-3 in Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a schematic, perspective view of the fluid systems in the building a~cording to he present invention;
Figure 5 is an enlarged, perspective view with a portion broken away of a solar panel in accordance with the invention, shown separated from the inlet header thereof;
Figure 6 is a somewhat schematic, top plan view - of a building in accordance with the invention, further ~ illustrating-the fluid systems used in ~he building;
- 30 Figure 7 is an enlarged, fragmentaryr perspective : :~ view, ~ith portions broken awayl of one of the wall and :' .
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roof panels used .in the building construction;
Figure 8 is a greatly enlar~ed, fraymentary view in elevation, with portions broken away, of the connection and arrangement between the upper end of a wall column and the lower end of an inclined roof beam, and showing the relationship of wall and roof panels thereto and a solar panel on top of the roof panels;
Figure 9 is an enlarged, exploded, perspective view of the upper end of a wall column, and the eaves angle used to determine the pitch of the roof and to j~in the roof bea~s with the wall columns;
Figure 10 is a view in section tak~n along line 10-10 of Figure 8;
Figure 11 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a plurality of panels in accordance with the invention, showing the manner in which the panels ~re secured to the frame of the building, and the joints between adjacent edges of adjacent panels sealed; and Figure 12 is a perspective view of the beam 20 connector used to interconnect adjacent upper ends of the roof beams and appears on the same sheet of drawings as Figures 6 and 7.
In the drawings, wherein like reference :~
numerals indicate like parts throughout the several views, a building in accordan~e with the invent.ion is indlcated generally at B and comprises a rame F having substantially vertically extending wall columns 10 and inclined roof beams 11 connected to and supported on the upper ends of . the columns 10. A plurality of substantially identical 30 wall panels W are secured to the columns 10 to form the walls of the bùildinyr and a plurality of substantially : - 5 -.. . .. . : . . . ~
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~07~38 identical roof panels R are supported on the roof beaTns ll to form the roof of the building. Further, a plurality of solar panels P are supported on the roof panels for absorbing solar energy to heat a fluid heat exchange medium for use as desired.
A first fluid circulating system 12 is connected with the frame F of the building for circulating a heat exchange fluid therethrough to either heat or cool the building as desired, and a second fluid circulating system 13 is connected with the solar panels P to collect and circulate a heated fluid medium to a means for conversion of the heat energv into a desired form, as for example, to heat or cool the fluid circulated through the frame F.
In order ~o simplify construction of the building, and in order to reduce the cost thereof, the wall columns lO and roof beams 11 are substantially identical in construction, with the columns and beams being made in standard, predetermi.ned lengths, as desired, for con-struction of buildings or portions of buildings o~
2n different size.
The columns and beams both comprise an elongate substantially U-shaped channel 14 of aluminum or other suitable material, and which may be formed on a roll mill.
The elongate, open side edge of the ~hannels 14 are closed - by an elongat , flat plate 15 suitably secured to the channel, as by means of welding or the li.ke. For example, ~: ~ if the.channe:L comprises aluminum, the plate is heliarc or plasma welded thereto. Similarly, opposite open ends of the channels 14 of the roof be~ms ll are closed by flat, ~substantially rectangularly shaped plates 16 having a pluralit~ of bolt receptive openings or holes 17 along ~: .
~L07~9~3 opposite edges thereof, and a ~lurality of fluid passages or ports 18 therethrough in communication with the open chamber or cavity defined by the U-shaped channel member 14. The upper ends of the columns 10 are similarly closed by plates 16 welded to the ends of the channels 14 thereof, having bolt receptive openings or holes 17 along the edges thereof and fluid flow passages 18 in communication with the cavity or chamber defined by the channel 14.
The bottom open ends of the colwmns lO, however, are closed by substantially flat, rectangular plates 19, which have a plurality of bolt receptive openings through the peripheral portions thereof, whereby the plates l9 and thus the columns 10 may be securely bolked or otherwise secured to a concrete foundation, such as footer or floor or the like 20 by means of bolts or other suitable fasteners 21.
Ad~acent, upper ends of the roo~ beams 11 are interconnected by a hollow beam connector 22 7 having opposite, sloping end walls or plates 23 and 24, with fluid flow passages 25 therethrough and bolt receptive openings 2Ç at opposite edges thereof, whereby the upper ends of the roof beams may be bolted to the beam connector 22 to establish fluid flow communication between the hollow beams and béam connector. Fluid flow passages or openings : 27 and 28 are also formed through the opposite wall~ of the beam connectors 22 for connection to the first fluid flow system 12, to be later described. Similarly, the lower ends o~ the roof beams ll and the upper ends of the wall columns lO are interconnected by eaves angle members .
~ 29 compsising hollow elbows 30 having a sub~tantially flat, rectangular plate 16~ welded to the bottom end thereof of substantially identlcal construction to the plates 16 : _ 7 _ ,': : . ": .: ' ' ' ' ~7~98 on the upper ends ~f the colwnns 10, arld also having plates 16' on ~he upper ends ~hereof substantially identical to the plates 16 on the lower ends of the beams 11.
The eaves angles 29 may be manufactured in three sta~dard roof angle ratios of 1 to 10, 2 to 10 and 3 to 10, or other ratios as desired. Similarly, the beam connectors 22 may be manufactured with corresponding ratios on the oppositely sloping ends thereof, such that merely by substitution of different angles or connectors, roofs having different pitches may be construc~ed. The beam connectors and eaves connectors are connected with respective adjacent ends of the columns and beams by means of bolts or other suitable ~asteners 31 extended through the openings in the end plates thereof.
Short lengths of pipe 32 are connected to and extend between the openinys 27 and 28 of adjacent beam connectors 22, as seen best in Figure 6, for Pxample.
The primary fluid flow system 12 includes the tubular columns 10 and roof beams 11 and the-eaves ~0 connectors 29 and beam connectors 22 and pipes 32.
Further, the first fluid flow system includes an elongate header pipe 33 embedded in the floor of the building, as for example, in the concrete slab 20 Gr the like, and - running the length of the building. A plurality of substantially equally spaced apart pipes 34 are connected with the header pipe 33 and extend outwardly to the bottom .~ :
ends of the columns 10, and are connected with the columns through pipe fittings or elbows 35, which project upwardly from the ~loor 20 and into the sides of the channels 14 30 ~ of the column~ 10. A substantially vertically extending fluid return pipe 36 is connected with the pipes 32 and , ~ ~ - 8 -. . . . ... . .
~L~7~
extends downwardly from the peak or riclge of the building to adjacent the Eloor thereof, and is connected at its lower end with a pair of out,wardly extending branch return pipPs 37 and 38, which are in turn joined through elbows with a pair of longitudinally extending return pipes 39 and 40 at opposite sides of the building, which extend to a fluid reservoir 41. Fluid is supplied to the first fluid circulating system through an inlet pipe 42 connected with the fluid reservoir 41 near the upper end thereof, and connected with the inlet of a circulating pump 43. The header pipe 33 is connected with the outlet of pump 43, whereby upon opexation of the pump, fluid from the reservoir 41 is caused to circulate through header pipe 33 and outwardly through khe supply pipes 34 to the columns 10, and thence upw~rdly through the colu~ms and roof beams 11 to the beam connectors 22 and pipes 32 and then downwardly th'rough return pipes 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 back to the reservoir 41.
The ~luid circulated through the first fluid ~0 circulating system may be heated or cooled as desired to ~aintain a desired temperature,in the building by means , ' utilizing the energy developed through use of the solar : panels P. This means includes a heat pump 44 having a h~at eXchange coil 45 associated therewith, wi~h the heat exchange coil disposed in the fluid in fluid reservoir : 41 to effect the desired temperature change thereof. The heat pump and coil are part of the second fluid circulating system, including the solar panels P, and the heat pump is : : ~con~ected with an outlet riser or supply pipe 46 extending upwardly to a supply he~der pipe 47 extending along the peak or ri'dge of the building ahove the beam connectors 22, and having a plurality of outlet bosses 48 thereon :
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corresponding with the approxi~late center location oE
respective adjacent solar panels P. Short lengths of Teflon hose or other suitable flexihle fluid conduit means 49 are secured at one of their ends to the bosses 48 by means oE hose clamps or the like 50, and are simi.larly secured at their other ends to bosses 51 on 5upply manifold pipes 52 connected wit:h the upper ends o~ the panels P.
As seen best in Figure 5, the manifold pipes 52 have elongate slots 53 extending along the side thereof opposi.te the bossed 51, and the panels P are welded to the slot. The opposite ends of the pipes 52 may be closed with caps 52a and 52b, if deslred.
As seen in Figures 2 and 5, the panels P each comprise an upper sheet 54 of aluminum or other suitable material, and a lower sheet 55 of al~minum or other suitable material. The top sheet or panel 54 has a plurality of elongate, substantially parallel ribs or protrusions 56 formed thereinl and the bottom sheet or panel 55 has a plurality of similar ribs or protrusions 57 formed therein, such that when the sheets or panels are assembled, the ribs of the respective sheets engage the opposite sheet to hold the sheets or panels in spaced apart relationship to defin~ a fluid flow passage or plurality o parallel fluid flow passages between the top and ~ottom sheets or panels.
II1 a typical embodiment of the invention, the ribs have a clepth of approxLmately 3/16 of an inch. The sheets or panels 54 and 55 may be formed at hiyh speed on ~ 30 a roll mill or the like, if desired. Furt~er, the upper : . ~ panel 54 is coated with a special black finish, recently r~ e~ ~k ~ - 10 ~7~ 8 developed by Olin Company, which absorbs almost 97~ of the solar energy striking the panel.
The upper and lower sheets of the panels P
are secured together by means of upstanding, generally hook-shaped locking flanges along opposite edges thereof~
and the locking flange 58 alo~g one edge of each panel is larger than the locking flange 59 along the other edge ~hereof. Accordingly, when a pluralit~ of panels P are ~laced in operative position, the smaller locking flange 59 along the edge of one panel is snugly engaged and received beneath the larger locking flange 58 along the adj~cent edge of an adjacent panel P. This is illustrated best in Figure 2, and the seam between th~ locking flanges 58 and 59 of adjacent panels is suitably sealed, as with a rubber mastic or the like 60.
The upper open ends or edges of the panels P
are placed in registry with the slots 53 in khe sides of manifold pipes 52 and welded thereat to form a leaktight connection between the panels ana manifolds 52. SLmilarly, ~:
outlet manifold pipes 61 are welded along the bottom edges of the panels P, and as seen best in Figure 8, the outlet manifold pipes 61 are welded such that they are essentially below the plane of the upper sheet 54 ~f the panels P, to thereby enable rainfall and snow and the like to flow or . : . .
- ~ sl}de readily off of the i~clinded solar panels. The outlet manifold pipes 61 e~ch has an outlet ~oss 6Z at :
substantially the midpoint thereof, and a short length of - ~-hose, such as Teflon or ~he like 63, is secured to the ; ~each of the ~osses 62 by means of a hose clamp or othe~
suitable fastening means 64. The 1exible hose or conduit 63 is connécted at its other end with a boss 65 on a fluid 1~74~9~3 return pipe 66, which extends along the eaves of the build-ing at each side thereof, and which are joined to down-wardly extending return pipes 67 and 68 at opposite sides of the building and thence through horizontally extending return pipes 69 and 70 to the heat pump 44. Thus, a suit-able fluid heat exchange medium is confined in the closed fluid circulating system 13, including the heat pump 44, and is pumped by the heat pump through supply pipe 46 to the header pipe 47 and thence through bosses 48 to the panels P, where solar heat is absorbed by the fluid and the heated fluid is then returned through outlet manifolds 61 and return pipes 66, 67 and 68 to the p.ipes 69 and 70 and back to the heat pump 44, where the heated fluid is used ~n a conventional and well-known manner to either heat fluid circulated through the first fluid circulating system to thereby heat the building or is used to cool the fluid to cool the building.
The 1uid.heated in the solar panels could also be used to drive small steam drive turbines or other electrical energy producing devices to produce electrical energy in addition to heat or coo]ing, as desired.
The wall and xoo panels, as noted previously, are substantially identically constructed, and these panels are approximately 8 ~eet wide and may come in one ox more standard'.lengths. The wall and roof panels each ~:~ comprise an outer face or skin 71 and an inner ~ace or s~in ~2, each formed of a high density material, such as .
pressed wood or the like, as for example, masonite~ A
honeycomb core 73 o~ fireproofed paper or the like is .30 sandwiched between the s~ins 71 and 72 and is glued or ~, .
~ : otherwise suitably secured thereto, and the spaces defined .
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in the honeycomb core are filled with a ~f~04~ insulation, such as zono]ite or the like 74. The finished panels, including the skins 71 and 72 and the core and insulation material, are prPferably approximately 4 inches thick, and these panels are not only extremely strong and are essen~ially fireproof, but have a very high thermal insulating quality.
In order to secure the wall and roof panels to the frame of the building, a plurality of bolt receptive, internally threaded sockets 75 are welded or otherwise suitably secured at spaced locations along the plates 15 closing the elongate open sides of channels 14 of the columns 10 and roof beams 11. A t~pical spacing of these bolt socket~ or lugs 75, for example, would be approximately one foot apart along the lengths of the columns and beams. The col~nns and beams are spaced apart a distance corresponding substantially to the width of the wall and roof panels, and accordingly, as seen in Figure 10, a pair of adjacent panels are positioned in edge-to-edge relationship, with the seam therebetween extending substantially along the center line of the plate 15 of the columns and beams. A sealing strip or gasket 76 is interposed betwPen the edges of the adjacent panels and the outer ace of the plate 15 to effect a weather-tight seal thereat, and a sealing strip or gasket 77 is also placed along the seam at the outer skin of the panels, and a panel securing strip 78 is then positioned over the outer gasket 77 and bolts or the llke 7~ are then extended through holes provided in the strips 78 and into thxeaded engagement with the socket 75 in the col~nns and b~ns.
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~7~9 51 Thus, in order to construct a buildi.ng in accordance with the invention, a suitable foundation or footing is provided, such as concrete slab 20 or the like, with the pipes 34 and 33 embedded therein, and the frame is then erected with the columns 10 and roof beams being connected by means of the eaves connectors 29 and beam connectors 22, and the wall and roof panels are then bolted in position on the frame, and the solar panels P are then simply glued to the outer surface of the roof panels.
lU The various pipes and conduits comprising the first and second fluid circulatiny systems are then connected.
Modifications are possible within the scope of the invention.
': ~
.
This invention relates to build.ing constructions, and .in particular, to an economical, esily assembled and disassembled bl~ildiny which is substantially fireproof and which utilizes natural energy sources for heating and co~ling.
Many types of building constructions are known in the prior art which have mea.ns for utilization of solar energy and the like to heat and/or cool the building.
Further, some such prior art structures utilize fireproo~
materials and/or modular construction. However, all of these prior art devices utilize a substantially conventional construction, with modifications thereto to accommodate the modular building concept or the use of solar energy or other natural energy sources for heating and/or cooling of the building. None of the prior art devices known to a~p~icant teach a completely new building construction as .i dis~losed by applicant herein, wherPin a prefabricated, tubular frame is used through which liquid is circulated to heat and/or cool the building, and in which a plurality of rigid, insulated, prefabricated panels are secured to the frame on the roof and walls thereof to form the e building, and with solar panels supported on top of the roof :.
through which a heat exchange fluid is circulated to absorh solar energy and then used to obtain the desired te~perature in thP fluid circulated through the frame o~
the building.
Thus~ although modular building constructions ar~ known in the prior art, and althouyh solar energy powered buildings are known in the prior art, heretofore there has not been any economical and practic~ble ConstrUCtiOn or method of providing an essentially fireproof : - 2 - ~
.
:
.
: : .. .
~C37~L9~
building which i.5 of modular construction and which may be easily and economically erected or disassembled, and which utilizes economical solar energy means to heat and/or cool the building. More particularly, heating and cooling of the building in accordance with applicant's invention is accomplished by circulation of a heat exchan~e fluid through the frame of the building.
With applicant's construction, wherein radiant heat from the floor, walls and roof is used to heat the building, a savings of at least 70% in the amount of energy required to heat the building is obtained. Similar results are obtained for cooling the building. Additionally, factory production of standard components used to erect the building reduce costs by about 30~, and the ease with which the building can be erected results in a subs$antial savings in time to erect the building, and an additional 20% redu tion in cost of the building, as compared with conventional constructions.
Further, a building constructed in accordance with applicant's invention has a structural strength approxLmately five times as great as a buildiny of wood frame construction. Moreover, because of the ease with which the building may be erected and disassembled, it is possible that the building could be disassem~led and moved when the owner of the building leaves the area, thus eliminating the necessity of purchasing a new home or building at a new location. The existing building would simply be disassembled and then erected at the new loc~tion.
Still further, the unique cQnstruction of applicant's -:
building eliminates the necessity of providing interior supports, so that the interior of the building is open and . .
7~
free, whereby there is great latitude in room arrangements to meet different requirements or desires. A 5till further advantage to applicant's invention i5 that the unique modular constru~tion of the building enables buildings to be stocked and sold in volume, much in the nature of automobiles and other such o~jects, thus providing a further reduction in cost.
The invention is described further, by way of illustration, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a transverse, sectional view of a building in accordance with the invention, showing the relationship of wall columns, roo~ ~eams, wall and roof panels, solar panels and fluid circulating means in accordance with the invention;
Figure 2 is a greatly enlarged, sectional view 1-taken along line 2-2 in Figure l;
Figure 3 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view taken along line 3-3 in Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a schematic, perspective view of the fluid systems in the building a~cording to he present invention;
Figure 5 is an enlarged, perspective view with a portion broken away of a solar panel in accordance with the invention, shown separated from the inlet header thereof;
Figure 6 is a somewhat schematic, top plan view - of a building in accordance with the invention, further ~ illustrating-the fluid systems used in ~he building;
- 30 Figure 7 is an enlarged, fragmentaryr perspective : :~ view, ~ith portions broken awayl of one of the wall and :' .
~ . .
': '~ ' ' . : ' ~7~
roof panels used .in the building construction;
Figure 8 is a greatly enlar~ed, fraymentary view in elevation, with portions broken away, of the connection and arrangement between the upper end of a wall column and the lower end of an inclined roof beam, and showing the relationship of wall and roof panels thereto and a solar panel on top of the roof panels;
Figure 9 is an enlarged, exploded, perspective view of the upper end of a wall column, and the eaves angle used to determine the pitch of the roof and to j~in the roof bea~s with the wall columns;
Figure 10 is a view in section tak~n along line 10-10 of Figure 8;
Figure 11 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a plurality of panels in accordance with the invention, showing the manner in which the panels ~re secured to the frame of the building, and the joints between adjacent edges of adjacent panels sealed; and Figure 12 is a perspective view of the beam 20 connector used to interconnect adjacent upper ends of the roof beams and appears on the same sheet of drawings as Figures 6 and 7.
In the drawings, wherein like reference :~
numerals indicate like parts throughout the several views, a building in accordan~e with the invent.ion is indlcated generally at B and comprises a rame F having substantially vertically extending wall columns 10 and inclined roof beams 11 connected to and supported on the upper ends of . the columns 10. A plurality of substantially identical 30 wall panels W are secured to the columns 10 to form the walls of the bùildinyr and a plurality of substantially : - 5 -.. . .. . : . . . ~
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~07~38 identical roof panels R are supported on the roof beaTns ll to form the roof of the building. Further, a plurality of solar panels P are supported on the roof panels for absorbing solar energy to heat a fluid heat exchange medium for use as desired.
A first fluid circulating system 12 is connected with the frame F of the building for circulating a heat exchange fluid therethrough to either heat or cool the building as desired, and a second fluid circulating system 13 is connected with the solar panels P to collect and circulate a heated fluid medium to a means for conversion of the heat energv into a desired form, as for example, to heat or cool the fluid circulated through the frame F.
In order ~o simplify construction of the building, and in order to reduce the cost thereof, the wall columns lO and roof beams 11 are substantially identical in construction, with the columns and beams being made in standard, predetermi.ned lengths, as desired, for con-struction of buildings or portions of buildings o~
2n different size.
The columns and beams both comprise an elongate substantially U-shaped channel 14 of aluminum or other suitable material, and which may be formed on a roll mill.
The elongate, open side edge of the ~hannels 14 are closed - by an elongat , flat plate 15 suitably secured to the channel, as by means of welding or the li.ke. For example, ~: ~ if the.channe:L comprises aluminum, the plate is heliarc or plasma welded thereto. Similarly, opposite open ends of the channels 14 of the roof be~ms ll are closed by flat, ~substantially rectangularly shaped plates 16 having a pluralit~ of bolt receptive openings or holes 17 along ~: .
~L07~9~3 opposite edges thereof, and a ~lurality of fluid passages or ports 18 therethrough in communication with the open chamber or cavity defined by the U-shaped channel member 14. The upper ends of the columns 10 are similarly closed by plates 16 welded to the ends of the channels 14 thereof, having bolt receptive openings or holes 17 along the edges thereof and fluid flow passages 18 in communication with the cavity or chamber defined by the channel 14.
The bottom open ends of the colwmns lO, however, are closed by substantially flat, rectangular plates 19, which have a plurality of bolt receptive openings through the peripheral portions thereof, whereby the plates l9 and thus the columns 10 may be securely bolked or otherwise secured to a concrete foundation, such as footer or floor or the like 20 by means of bolts or other suitable fasteners 21.
Ad~acent, upper ends of the roo~ beams 11 are interconnected by a hollow beam connector 22 7 having opposite, sloping end walls or plates 23 and 24, with fluid flow passages 25 therethrough and bolt receptive openings 2Ç at opposite edges thereof, whereby the upper ends of the roof beams may be bolted to the beam connector 22 to establish fluid flow communication between the hollow beams and béam connector. Fluid flow passages or openings : 27 and 28 are also formed through the opposite wall~ of the beam connectors 22 for connection to the first fluid flow system 12, to be later described. Similarly, the lower ends o~ the roof beams ll and the upper ends of the wall columns lO are interconnected by eaves angle members .
~ 29 compsising hollow elbows 30 having a sub~tantially flat, rectangular plate 16~ welded to the bottom end thereof of substantially identlcal construction to the plates 16 : _ 7 _ ,': : . ": .: ' ' ' ' ~7~98 on the upper ends ~f the colwnns 10, arld also having plates 16' on ~he upper ends ~hereof substantially identical to the plates 16 on the lower ends of the beams 11.
The eaves angles 29 may be manufactured in three sta~dard roof angle ratios of 1 to 10, 2 to 10 and 3 to 10, or other ratios as desired. Similarly, the beam connectors 22 may be manufactured with corresponding ratios on the oppositely sloping ends thereof, such that merely by substitution of different angles or connectors, roofs having different pitches may be construc~ed. The beam connectors and eaves connectors are connected with respective adjacent ends of the columns and beams by means of bolts or other suitable ~asteners 31 extended through the openings in the end plates thereof.
Short lengths of pipe 32 are connected to and extend between the openinys 27 and 28 of adjacent beam connectors 22, as seen best in Figure 6, for Pxample.
The primary fluid flow system 12 includes the tubular columns 10 and roof beams 11 and the-eaves ~0 connectors 29 and beam connectors 22 and pipes 32.
Further, the first fluid flow system includes an elongate header pipe 33 embedded in the floor of the building, as for example, in the concrete slab 20 Gr the like, and - running the length of the building. A plurality of substantially equally spaced apart pipes 34 are connected with the header pipe 33 and extend outwardly to the bottom .~ :
ends of the columns 10, and are connected with the columns through pipe fittings or elbows 35, which project upwardly from the ~loor 20 and into the sides of the channels 14 30 ~ of the column~ 10. A substantially vertically extending fluid return pipe 36 is connected with the pipes 32 and , ~ ~ - 8 -. . . . ... . .
~L~7~
extends downwardly from the peak or riclge of the building to adjacent the Eloor thereof, and is connected at its lower end with a pair of out,wardly extending branch return pipPs 37 and 38, which are in turn joined through elbows with a pair of longitudinally extending return pipes 39 and 40 at opposite sides of the building, which extend to a fluid reservoir 41. Fluid is supplied to the first fluid circulating system through an inlet pipe 42 connected with the fluid reservoir 41 near the upper end thereof, and connected with the inlet of a circulating pump 43. The header pipe 33 is connected with the outlet of pump 43, whereby upon opexation of the pump, fluid from the reservoir 41 is caused to circulate through header pipe 33 and outwardly through khe supply pipes 34 to the columns 10, and thence upw~rdly through the colu~ms and roof beams 11 to the beam connectors 22 and pipes 32 and then downwardly th'rough return pipes 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 back to the reservoir 41.
The ~luid circulated through the first fluid ~0 circulating system may be heated or cooled as desired to ~aintain a desired temperature,in the building by means , ' utilizing the energy developed through use of the solar : panels P. This means includes a heat pump 44 having a h~at eXchange coil 45 associated therewith, wi~h the heat exchange coil disposed in the fluid in fluid reservoir : 41 to effect the desired temperature change thereof. The heat pump and coil are part of the second fluid circulating system, including the solar panels P, and the heat pump is : : ~con~ected with an outlet riser or supply pipe 46 extending upwardly to a supply he~der pipe 47 extending along the peak or ri'dge of the building ahove the beam connectors 22, and having a plurality of outlet bosses 48 thereon :
_ g _ .. . . .
~' .' ` `' .. "',." ,".','; """," ' , '.. ,,'': '' ' . .
: : . ': . '. ' .
1S;~7~
corresponding with the approxi~late center location oE
respective adjacent solar panels P. Short lengths of Teflon hose or other suitable flexihle fluid conduit means 49 are secured at one of their ends to the bosses 48 by means oE hose clamps or the like 50, and are simi.larly secured at their other ends to bosses 51 on 5upply manifold pipes 52 connected wit:h the upper ends o~ the panels P.
As seen best in Figure 5, the manifold pipes 52 have elongate slots 53 extending along the side thereof opposi.te the bossed 51, and the panels P are welded to the slot. The opposite ends of the pipes 52 may be closed with caps 52a and 52b, if deslred.
As seen in Figures 2 and 5, the panels P each comprise an upper sheet 54 of aluminum or other suitable material, and a lower sheet 55 of al~minum or other suitable material. The top sheet or panel 54 has a plurality of elongate, substantially parallel ribs or protrusions 56 formed thereinl and the bottom sheet or panel 55 has a plurality of similar ribs or protrusions 57 formed therein, such that when the sheets or panels are assembled, the ribs of the respective sheets engage the opposite sheet to hold the sheets or panels in spaced apart relationship to defin~ a fluid flow passage or plurality o parallel fluid flow passages between the top and ~ottom sheets or panels.
II1 a typical embodiment of the invention, the ribs have a clepth of approxLmately 3/16 of an inch. The sheets or panels 54 and 55 may be formed at hiyh speed on ~ 30 a roll mill or the like, if desired. Furt~er, the upper : . ~ panel 54 is coated with a special black finish, recently r~ e~ ~k ~ - 10 ~7~ 8 developed by Olin Company, which absorbs almost 97~ of the solar energy striking the panel.
The upper and lower sheets of the panels P
are secured together by means of upstanding, generally hook-shaped locking flanges along opposite edges thereof~
and the locking flange 58 alo~g one edge of each panel is larger than the locking flange 59 along the other edge ~hereof. Accordingly, when a pluralit~ of panels P are ~laced in operative position, the smaller locking flange 59 along the edge of one panel is snugly engaged and received beneath the larger locking flange 58 along the adj~cent edge of an adjacent panel P. This is illustrated best in Figure 2, and the seam between th~ locking flanges 58 and 59 of adjacent panels is suitably sealed, as with a rubber mastic or the like 60.
The upper open ends or edges of the panels P
are placed in registry with the slots 53 in khe sides of manifold pipes 52 and welded thereat to form a leaktight connection between the panels ana manifolds 52. SLmilarly, ~:
outlet manifold pipes 61 are welded along the bottom edges of the panels P, and as seen best in Figure 8, the outlet manifold pipes 61 are welded such that they are essentially below the plane of the upper sheet 54 ~f the panels P, to thereby enable rainfall and snow and the like to flow or . : . .
- ~ sl}de readily off of the i~clinded solar panels. The outlet manifold pipes 61 e~ch has an outlet ~oss 6Z at :
substantially the midpoint thereof, and a short length of - ~-hose, such as Teflon or ~he like 63, is secured to the ; ~each of the ~osses 62 by means of a hose clamp or othe~
suitable fastening means 64. The 1exible hose or conduit 63 is connécted at its other end with a boss 65 on a fluid 1~74~9~3 return pipe 66, which extends along the eaves of the build-ing at each side thereof, and which are joined to down-wardly extending return pipes 67 and 68 at opposite sides of the building and thence through horizontally extending return pipes 69 and 70 to the heat pump 44. Thus, a suit-able fluid heat exchange medium is confined in the closed fluid circulating system 13, including the heat pump 44, and is pumped by the heat pump through supply pipe 46 to the header pipe 47 and thence through bosses 48 to the panels P, where solar heat is absorbed by the fluid and the heated fluid is then returned through outlet manifolds 61 and return pipes 66, 67 and 68 to the p.ipes 69 and 70 and back to the heat pump 44, where the heated fluid is used ~n a conventional and well-known manner to either heat fluid circulated through the first fluid circulating system to thereby heat the building or is used to cool the fluid to cool the building.
The 1uid.heated in the solar panels could also be used to drive small steam drive turbines or other electrical energy producing devices to produce electrical energy in addition to heat or coo]ing, as desired.
The wall and xoo panels, as noted previously, are substantially identically constructed, and these panels are approximately 8 ~eet wide and may come in one ox more standard'.lengths. The wall and roof panels each ~:~ comprise an outer face or skin 71 and an inner ~ace or s~in ~2, each formed of a high density material, such as .
pressed wood or the like, as for example, masonite~ A
honeycomb core 73 o~ fireproofed paper or the like is .30 sandwiched between the s~ins 71 and 72 and is glued or ~, .
~ : otherwise suitably secured thereto, and the spaces defined .
~: . . . . . . .
, .: . : . .. ..
~ ir~ re~s`l5~
in the honeycomb core are filled with a ~f~04~ insulation, such as zono]ite or the like 74. The finished panels, including the skins 71 and 72 and the core and insulation material, are prPferably approximately 4 inches thick, and these panels are not only extremely strong and are essen~ially fireproof, but have a very high thermal insulating quality.
In order to secure the wall and roof panels to the frame of the building, a plurality of bolt receptive, internally threaded sockets 75 are welded or otherwise suitably secured at spaced locations along the plates 15 closing the elongate open sides of channels 14 of the columns 10 and roof beams 11. A t~pical spacing of these bolt socket~ or lugs 75, for example, would be approximately one foot apart along the lengths of the columns and beams. The col~nns and beams are spaced apart a distance corresponding substantially to the width of the wall and roof panels, and accordingly, as seen in Figure 10, a pair of adjacent panels are positioned in edge-to-edge relationship, with the seam therebetween extending substantially along the center line of the plate 15 of the columns and beams. A sealing strip or gasket 76 is interposed betwPen the edges of the adjacent panels and the outer ace of the plate 15 to effect a weather-tight seal thereat, and a sealing strip or gasket 77 is also placed along the seam at the outer skin of the panels, and a panel securing strip 78 is then positioned over the outer gasket 77 and bolts or the llke 7~ are then extended through holes provided in the strips 78 and into thxeaded engagement with the socket 75 in the col~nns and b~ns.
~ .
~7~9 51 Thus, in order to construct a buildi.ng in accordance with the invention, a suitable foundation or footing is provided, such as concrete slab 20 or the like, with the pipes 34 and 33 embedded therein, and the frame is then erected with the columns 10 and roof beams being connected by means of the eaves connectors 29 and beam connectors 22, and the wall and roof panels are then bolted in position on the frame, and the solar panels P are then simply glued to the outer surface of the roof panels.
lU The various pipes and conduits comprising the first and second fluid circulatiny systems are then connected.
Modifications are possible within the scope of the invention.
': ~
.
Claims (19)
1. A solar heated and cooled modular building, comprising a frame including prefabricated tubular wall columns and prefabricated tubular roof beams supported on the columns, the columns and the beams being adapted to pass fluid therethrough, first fluid circulating means connected with the columns and beams to circulate a first heat exchange fluid therethrough at a desired temperature to maintain a desired temperature in the building, a plurality of rigid, prefabricated insulated panels secured to and supported on the columns and beams defining wall and roof structures, respectively, enclosing the building, a plurality of solar panels secured to and supported on the roof panels, second fluid circulating means connected with the solar panels to circulate a heat exchange fluid therethrough to absorb heat from solar energy and to use said heated heat exchange fluid to obtain the desired temperature of the first heat exchange fluid and plates secured to locations on the columns and roof beams which are adjacent each other and connecting those columns and beams to adjacent structure of the building, the plates each having flow passages defined therein to fluidly connect the columns and the beams.
2. The modular building of claim 1, wherein the columns and beams are substantially identically constructed, and each comprises an elongate, substantially U-shaped channel and an elongate plate secured along the open edge of the channel closing the channel and defining a hollow flow passage for fluid through the beams and columns.
3. The modular building of claim 2, further including a hollow angular eaves connector having a pair of angularly disposed plates thereon complemental in size and shape to the plates on the ends of the columns and beams with adjacent ends of the columns and roof beams being connected to said eaves connector, and means on said eaves connector for securing the columns and beams to the eaves connector, said plates in the eaves connector further having flow passage means there-through to establish fluid flow communication from a column through the eaves connector and to a beam.
4. The modular building of claim 1, wherein said columns and beams are substantially identically constructed and each comprises a generally U-shaped channel member having an elongate plate welded along the open side of the channel defining a closed fluid passageway through the beams and columns, and an eaves connector connected between the upper ends of the columns and the adjacent lower ends of the beams, securing the beams to the columns in a desired angular relationship thereto, said eaves connectors having a pair of angularly disposed surfaces for connection to a plate on the upper end of the column and to a plate on the lower end of the beam, respectively, the angular disposition of said surfaces on said eaves connector being selected to determine a desired roof pitch.
5. The modular building of claim 4, wherein a beam connector is connected between the adjacent upper ends of oppositely sloping roof beams, said beam connector having oppositely sloping end plates at opposite ends thereof for connection to the adjacent upper end plates of the beams.
6. The modular building of claim 5, wherein the beam connectors each have a fluid flow passage opening formed through the opposite sides thereof for connection to fluid flow conduit means, so that fluid flow communication is established between adjacent beam connectors.
7. The modular building of claim 1, wherein a plurality of substantially vertically disposed, parallel columns are spaced predetermined distances apart along the walls of the building, and one end of a roof beam is supported on the upper end of each column, with the roof beams extending generally upwardly from opposite sides of the building, and connected together at their adjacent ends, and means connecting together adjacent ends of adjacent roof beams in fluid flow communication relation-ship, fluid supply pipe means connected with the columns adjacent the lower ends thereof and connected with a source of fluid, fluid flow conduit means connected between adjacent roof beams at the upper ends thereof and connected with fluid flow return means, said fluid flow return means connected with said source of fluid, and pump means connected with said source of fluid and with said fluid supply pipe means to supply fluid under pressure to said columns for flow of fluid upwardly through said columns and upwardly through said roof beams to the fluid flow conduit means connecting adjacent roof beams, and thence downwardly through said fluid flow return pipe means back to said fluid source and to the inlet of said pump, thus defining a closed fluid flow circulating system.
8. The modular building of claim 7, wherein heat exchange means is in operative association with said source of fluid to obtain a desired temperature in said fluid.
9. The modular building of claim 8, wherein said heat exchange means includes a heat pump connected with a heat exchange coil means disposed in said fluid, and fluid flow conduit means connected between said heat pump and said solar panels to effect circulation of a heat exchange fluid through said solar panels and to said heat pump to obtain the desired temperature of the fluid circulated through the columns and beams.
10. The modular building of claim 1, wherein said insulated panels each comprises a pair of spaced, rigid, parallel skins, a fireproofed honeycomb core secured to and between the skins maintaining the skins in spaced apart relationship, and thermal insulation means filling the openings in the honeycomb core.
11. The modular building of claim 10, wherein the skins comprise a high density pressed wood.
12. The modular building of claim 11, wherein the insulated panels are substantially rectangular in shape, and the spacing between adjacent columns and beams is substantially the same as the width of the insulated panels, said panels being secured to the columns and beams in spanning relationship thereto, and means securing the panels to the columns and beams, said panel securing means comprising a pluraity of spaced apart, threaded openings in the columns and beams, a resilient sealing gasket disposed between the columns and panels and the beams and panels, and a securing strip extended along the joint between adjacent panels, and bolt means extended through the securing strip and into the threaded opening in the columns and beams to secure the panels in position.
13. The modular building of claim 12, wherein a sealing gasket is interposed between the strip and the adjacent edge portions of adjacent panels.
14. The modular building of claim 1, wherein the solar panels are glued to the roof panels.
15. The modular building of claim 14, wherein the upper surface of the solar panels exposed to solar energy is coated with a black solar energy absorbing coating.
16. The modular building of claim 15, wherein the solar panels each comprises an upper and lower aluminum panel secured together along adjacent edges thereof and in spaced apart, parallel, overlying relationship to define a shallow, wide flow passage therebetween.
17. The modular building of claim 16, wherein each of said aluminum panels has a plurality of elongate ribs therein, said ribs engaging the other panel to maintain the panels in spaced apart relationship, and also sub-dividing the wide, shallow flow passage therein into a plurality of smaller flow passages.
18. The modular building of claim 1, wherein each solar panel comprises: upper and lower, substantially rigid, thermally conductive panels secured in closely spaced overlying relationship to one another defining a wide, shallow, open ended flow passage therebetween; said upper and lower panels having interlocking flange means along opposite side edges thereof securing the upper and lower panels together, and the interlocked flange means along opposite side edges of each solar panel being of different size and configured such that the flange means along one edge of one solar panel may be matingly secured and sealed to the flange means along an adjacent edge of an adjacent solar panel; inlet header means secured to one of the open ends of the solar panel, said inlet header means comprising a tube having a length substantially the same as the width of the solar panel and having a slot formed in the side thereof extending along substantially the entire length thereof, said one open end of the solar panel secured to the tube in registry with the slot, the upper panel secured and sealed to the tube at one side of the slot and the lower panel secured and sealed to the tube at the other side of the slot; and outlet header means secured and sealed to the other open end of the solar panel, said outlet header means comprising a tube having a slot therein and sealed to the solar panel similarly to said inlet header means.
19. A solar heated and cooled modular building, comprising a frame including prefabricated tubular wall columns and prefabricated tubular roof beams supported on the columns, a first heat exchange system including fluidly connected fluid circulating conduits formed by the tubular columns and beams, means to circulate a first heat exchange fluid through the first heat exchange system at a desired temperature to maintain a desired temperature in the building, a plurality of rigid, prefabricated insulated panels secured to and supported on the columns and beams defining wall and roof structures, respectively, enclosing the building, a plurality of solar panels secured to and supported on the roof panels, a second heat exchange system including fluid circulating conduits located within the solar panels, means to circulate a heat exchange fluid through the second heat exchange system to absorb heat from solar energy, heat exchanger means connected to both heat exchange systems to expose the fluid in the first system to the fluid in the second system so that heat will be transferred from the first fluid to the second fluid to obtain the desired temperature of the first heat exchange fluid, and plates secured to locations on the columns and roof beams which axe adjacent each other, the plates connecting those columns and beams to adjacent structure of the building, the plates each having flow passages defined therein to fluidly connect the columns and the beams.
A solar heated and cooled modular building, comprising a frame including prefabricated tubular wall columns and prefabricated tubular roof beams supported on the columns, a first heat exchange system including fluidly connected fluid circulating conduits formed by the tubular columns and beams, means to circulate a first heat exchange system at a desired temperature to maintain a desired temperature in the building, a plurality of rigid, prefabricated insulated panels secured to and supported on the columns and beams defining wall and roof structures, respectively, enclosing the building, a plurality of solar panels secured to and supported on the roof panels, a second heat exchange system including fluid circulating conduits located within the solar panels, means to circulate a heat exchange fluid through the second heat exchange system to absorb heat from solar energy, heat exchanger means connected to both heat exchange systems to expose the fluid in the first system to fluid in the second system so that heat will be transferred from the first fluid to the second fluid to obtain the desired temperature of the first heat exchange fluid and plates secured to locations on the columns and roof beams which are adjacent each other, the plates connecting those col-umns and beams to adjacent structure of the building, the plates each having flow passages defined therein to fluidly connect the columns and the beams.
A solar heated and cooled modular building, comprising a frame including prefabricated tubular wall columns and prefabricated tubular roof beams supported on the columns, a first heat exchange system including fluidly connected fluid circulating conduits formed by the tubular columns and beams, means to circulate a first heat exchange system at a desired temperature to maintain a desired temperature in the building, a plurality of rigid, prefabricated insulated panels secured to and supported on the columns and beams defining wall and roof structures, respectively, enclosing the building, a plurality of solar panels secured to and supported on the roof panels, a second heat exchange system including fluid circulating conduits located within the solar panels, means to circulate a heat exchange fluid through the second heat exchange system to absorb heat from solar energy, heat exchanger means connected to both heat exchange systems to expose the fluid in the first system to fluid in the second system so that heat will be transferred from the first fluid to the second fluid to obtain the desired temperature of the first heat exchange fluid and plates secured to locations on the columns and roof beams which are adjacent each other, the plates connecting those col-umns and beams to adjacent structure of the building, the plates each having flow passages defined therein to fluidly connect the columns and the beams.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA265,825A CA1074198A (en) | 1976-11-16 | 1976-11-16 | Solar heated and cooled modular building |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA265,825A CA1074198A (en) | 1976-11-16 | 1976-11-16 | Solar heated and cooled modular building |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1074198A true CA1074198A (en) | 1980-03-25 |
Family
ID=4107295
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA265,825A Expired CA1074198A (en) | 1976-11-16 | 1976-11-16 | Solar heated and cooled modular building |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1074198A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110142548A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-20 | 青海金功新能源技术有限公司 | A kind of solar energy mirror holder welding tooling |
-
1976
- 1976-11-16 CA CA265,825A patent/CA1074198A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110142548A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-20 | 青海金功新能源技术有限公司 | A kind of solar energy mirror holder welding tooling |
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