CA1073715A - Optical system for multiple imaging of a linear object - Google Patents
Optical system for multiple imaging of a linear objectInfo
- Publication number
- CA1073715A CA1073715A CA288,273A CA288273A CA1073715A CA 1073715 A CA1073715 A CA 1073715A CA 288273 A CA288273 A CA 288273A CA 1073715 A CA1073715 A CA 1073715A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mirror
- mirrors
- optical system
- images
- relative
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/1066—Beam splitting or combining systems for enhancing image performance, like resolution, pixel numbers, dual magnifications or dynamic range, by tiling, slicing or overlapping fields of view
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
- G02B27/143—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using macroscopically faceted or segmented reflective surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/04—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa
- H04N1/19—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa using multi-element arrays
- H04N1/191—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa using multi-element arrays the array comprising a one-dimensional array, or a combination of one-dimensional arrays, or a substantially one-dimensional array, e.g. an array of staggered elements
- H04N1/192—Simultaneously or substantially simultaneously scanning picture elements on one main scanning line
- H04N1/193—Simultaneously or substantially simultaneously scanning picture elements on one main scanning line using electrically scanned linear arrays, e.g. linear CCD arrays
Abstract
OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR MULTIPLE
IMAGING OF A LINEAR OBJECT
Abstract of the Disclosure An optical system for imaging a linear object, such as for a solid state imaging device as used in a facsimile printing apparatus, uses a multiplicity of mirrors to produce a similar number of images. The mirrors are tilted and rotated relative to each other so as to produce the images side-by-side and also staggered longitudinally. The mirrors need only be of a width to reflect part of the object, resulting in the imaging of different portions of the object by each mirror, the different portions imaged side-by-side on the imager array so that the whole object can be reconstituted from the various sections. This enables a relatively short and wide imager array to be used instead of a long thin one.
-i-
IMAGING OF A LINEAR OBJECT
Abstract of the Disclosure An optical system for imaging a linear object, such as for a solid state imaging device as used in a facsimile printing apparatus, uses a multiplicity of mirrors to produce a similar number of images. The mirrors are tilted and rotated relative to each other so as to produce the images side-by-side and also staggered longitudinally. The mirrors need only be of a width to reflect part of the object, resulting in the imaging of different portions of the object by each mirror, the different portions imaged side-by-side on the imager array so that the whole object can be reconstituted from the various sections. This enables a relatively short and wide imager array to be used instead of a long thin one.
-i-
Description
~(:973715 This invention relates to an optical system for multiple imaging of a linear object whereby a linear object is imaged to yrovide a number of sections arranged side-by-side.
In imaging systems in which an image is to be scanned electronically, such as in facsimile readers for electronic transmission of printed matter, the object, usually a line across a page of print, is imaged on to a solid state detector device, such as a charge-coupled device (CCD) array.
The difficulty and cost of making a solid state, 10 or other type, o~ imager usually increases with size. In scanning or making apparatus, imaging a thin linear section of a page~ it is a practice to image on an axray having 1728 elements, for an 8 1/2" wide page and with 200 lines per inch resolution. The length of such an array is close to one inch and the width about one hundredth of an inch. Such dimensions result in expensive manufactures. If the imager is of silicon, for example, the material uniformity, distribution of defects, processing and reliability in general place severe limits on the f fabrication yield of imager chips which are long and thin. An 20 improvement in fabrication yield would be possible if the imager chips need not be as long as one inch, and also if they are f;
increased in width. This would reduce cost and improve handling ability.
The present invention provides an optical system which provides for an imager array which has less disparity ~ `
between width and length than would occur if a linear object is imaged as a continuous line. Multiple images are produced and rearranged such that the images are in side-by-side and over-lapping relationship, with different segments of the object 30 in adjacent proximity. An imager can detect and reconstruct an entire image of the object from the different imaged segments.
` ~737~5 This is obtained by a serles of mirrors situated side~by-side, inclined and rotated relative -to each other.
The invention will be readily understood by the following description of an embodiment, by way of example, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:-Figure l diagrammatically illustrates thepositional relationship between an object, a mirror, an image reflected by the mirror and the vertical image of the object as apparently seen by an observer;
Figure 2 illustrates diagrammatically the B positioning of ~u~ images, with an inclined mirror and a non-inclined mirror;
Figure 3 illustrates diagrammatically a three mirror arrangement for producing three imagas (and three virtual images);
Figure 4 illustrates diagrammatically how the positioning of the three virtual images produced by a three mirror system of Figure 3 is used to position a lens and associated imaging device;
Figure 5 illustrates diagrammatically the system of Figure 4, with the mirrors also rotated relative to each other !~
as well as inclined relative to each other.
As illustrated in Figure 1, if an object 10 is placed in front of a mirror ll, an observer at 12, will see an image of the object 10 which is apparently bahind the mirror -at 13. The image 13 i5 called the virtual image. The rays 14 and 15 from the top of the object lO, after reflection, appear to come from the top of the virtual image 13, as indicated by the dotted lines 14a and 15a. This diagrammatic arrangement can be used to design other imaging systems.
Consideriny Figure 2, this illustrates how
In imaging systems in which an image is to be scanned electronically, such as in facsimile readers for electronic transmission of printed matter, the object, usually a line across a page of print, is imaged on to a solid state detector device, such as a charge-coupled device (CCD) array.
The difficulty and cost of making a solid state, 10 or other type, o~ imager usually increases with size. In scanning or making apparatus, imaging a thin linear section of a page~ it is a practice to image on an axray having 1728 elements, for an 8 1/2" wide page and with 200 lines per inch resolution. The length of such an array is close to one inch and the width about one hundredth of an inch. Such dimensions result in expensive manufactures. If the imager is of silicon, for example, the material uniformity, distribution of defects, processing and reliability in general place severe limits on the f fabrication yield of imager chips which are long and thin. An 20 improvement in fabrication yield would be possible if the imager chips need not be as long as one inch, and also if they are f;
increased in width. This would reduce cost and improve handling ability.
The present invention provides an optical system which provides for an imager array which has less disparity ~ `
between width and length than would occur if a linear object is imaged as a continuous line. Multiple images are produced and rearranged such that the images are in side-by-side and over-lapping relationship, with different segments of the object 30 in adjacent proximity. An imager can detect and reconstruct an entire image of the object from the different imaged segments.
` ~737~5 This is obtained by a serles of mirrors situated side~by-side, inclined and rotated relative -to each other.
The invention will be readily understood by the following description of an embodiment, by way of example, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:-Figure l diagrammatically illustrates thepositional relationship between an object, a mirror, an image reflected by the mirror and the vertical image of the object as apparently seen by an observer;
Figure 2 illustrates diagrammatically the B positioning of ~u~ images, with an inclined mirror and a non-inclined mirror;
Figure 3 illustrates diagrammatically a three mirror arrangement for producing three imagas (and three virtual images);
Figure 4 illustrates diagrammatically how the positioning of the three virtual images produced by a three mirror system of Figure 3 is used to position a lens and associated imaging device;
Figure 5 illustrates diagrammatically the system of Figure 4, with the mirrors also rotated relative to each other !~
as well as inclined relative to each other.
As illustrated in Figure 1, if an object 10 is placed in front of a mirror ll, an observer at 12, will see an image of the object 10 which is apparently bahind the mirror -at 13. The image 13 i5 called the virtual image. The rays 14 and 15 from the top of the object lO, after reflection, appear to come from the top of the virtual image 13, as indicated by the dotted lines 14a and 15a. This diagrammatic arrangement can be used to design other imaging systems.
Consideriny Figure 2, this illustrates how
2 --: . ' . - , ! ;
~L0737~15 virtual images can be displaced. In this figure ray 20 from the top of object 10 is reflected by the mirror 11~ To an observer of this ray at position 21 the top of the object 10 will appear to be at 22 of the virtual image 13. If the mirror is inclined to lla, at an angle ~ relative to the original position at 11, then the ray 20 from the top of the object 10 will he reflected and observed by an observer at 21a and the top of the object 10 will appear to be at 22a of the virtual image 13a. The virtual image 13a has a different orientation with respect to virtual image 13. However the lower portion of virtual image 13 is adjacent to an intermediate portion of virtual image 13a. Thus two portions of an object are now in juxtaposition. It is possible to increase the number of portions of the object in such juxtaposition by having a series of mirrors inclined with respect to each other.
Considering Figures 3 and 4, rays 25, 26 and 27 are -rays from different parts of object 10. Three mirrors 11, lla and llb are provided, mirror lla inclined relative to mirror 11 ;
and mirror llb inclined slightly farther, relative to mirrors 11 ` 20 and lla~. With both mirrors lla and llb, the front planes, that is the reflective planes, are coincident on the same axis on the , plane of mirror 11, as indicated by -the line 28. Figure 3 shows the mirrors to a much larger scale than in Figure 4, to illustrate the relative angular inclination of the mirrors.
The rays 25, 26 and 27 are reflected ~rom the mirrors. The virtual images formed are seen in Figure 4 at 13, 13a and 13b. It will be seen that the virtual images overlap ~-~
~` with different portions or segments of the object in juxtoposition -they will in fa-ct be substantially imposed on one another in Figure 4. Each mirror 11, lla and llb is small, needing to be only wide enough to reflect or "image" only that part of the : . ,.
. .
73~7~5 object which corresponds to the po~tion overlapping at the virtual images. Thus each mirror th~n reflects only the associated part of khe object. A lens system 29 receives these reflections and focusses them on to a detector device 30. Again, at this time, the image portions are substantially superimposed.
Figure 5 illustrates the final feature which will provide a rearranged image suitable for scanning or reading.
In Figure 5 the x-y plane corresponds to the plane of the drawing of Figure ~. As shown, the mirrors 11, lla and llb are inclined relative to each other, as in Figure 4, but the mirrors are now also rotated relative to each other, as indicated by angles 31 and 32. This rotation separates the three parts of the images.
The object 10, as an example a line of print on page 33, is shown divided into three sections numbered 1, 2 and 3. The corresponding sections are shown on an imager 34. It will be appreciated that, owing to the small width of each mirror, rays from only a section or portion of the object 10 are reflected to the lens by each mirror and due to the relative inclination it is rays from a different section of portion that are reflected ~ `~
by each mirror. Depending upon the number of sections or portions it is desired to divide an object into, so the number of mirrors, and their width, is selected. Each mirror is normally inclined and rotated progressively relative to a previous mirror, although by varying this arrangement, the various images of the sections or portions of the object can be arranged in differing relationships.
As an example of one form of optical system as illustrated in Figure 5, object 10 is assumed to be a printed line 127 mm wide and 215 mm lony on a page, as represented by 33. The lens system 29 is assumed to have a focal length of 75 mm. The detector on the images 34 is composed of three ~;~
- . . . .
- , . . .. .
. .. . . : , ~LC17~37~5 576 - element photosensor arrays. The inter element spaciny is 13 microns giving the array a total length of 7.49 mm. The arrays are separated by 50 microns. 200 lines per inch resolution requires the object distance represente~ by, for example, the length of the light ray 35 from page 33 to the lens system 29, to be 792.5 mm. To enable construction of the system illustrated in Figure 5, page 33 is 750 mm from mirror lla and lens system 29 is 42.5 mm from the mirror lla. Angle 31 is calculated to be 0.067 and angle 32 is 0.13. The relative inclination of the mirrors, particularly as illustrated in Figure 4, is such that mirror lla is inclined at 2.5 with respect to mirror 11 and mirror llb is inclined at 5 relative to mirror 11. ~s seen in Figure 4, the virtual objects 13, 13a and 13b have segments, the particular segments of interest, which lie at slightly different distances from the lens system 29.
The final imager focussed by the lens system will also be located at slightly different distances. It has been found, in a system as detailed above, that the maximum depth separation between these image segments is 0.07 mm. By stopping the lens 2~ system 29 to a f number of 8 there is sufficient focal depth to give clear details on all three segments on the detector.
Thus, with the present in~ention, the angular field of row of the imaging system is narrowed and the size of the photosensor arrays can be reduced. Both of these yield substantial cost savings.
The arrang~ment as illustrated in Figure 5 is a particular example of the basic idea. In Figures 2 to 5 there can be more than one pivot axis 28 tFigure 3). The location of pivot axes, size of mirror planes, the o~iect distance exemplified by the separation between object 10 and mirror 13 in Figure 2, the inclination of the mirrors and the angles (31 -,. , ~ ~ .
- : ~
1~737~5 ~
and 32 of Figure 5) can be arbirtary and would be optimized ~or particular applications and for different detector array geometries.
Also, although more convenient from imaging considerations it is not essential that mirror 11 be parallel to the plane of the object, (that is normal to ~he axis of the light path from the object), with th~ mirrors lla and llb sequentially tilted. For example mirror llb could be normal with mirrors 11 and llc diff~rentially tilted. This would result in the different portions of the object not being in a direct sequence and would require modification to the scanning system.
~- ?
: .:
~ ' :
;' '`" ' ;.~. , . ., :: , .. . . . .
., , . .. ~ :
. ~,: . . ,: :
.. ,.............. ~ , , ,, , ~,
~L0737~15 virtual images can be displaced. In this figure ray 20 from the top of object 10 is reflected by the mirror 11~ To an observer of this ray at position 21 the top of the object 10 will appear to be at 22 of the virtual image 13. If the mirror is inclined to lla, at an angle ~ relative to the original position at 11, then the ray 20 from the top of the object 10 will he reflected and observed by an observer at 21a and the top of the object 10 will appear to be at 22a of the virtual image 13a. The virtual image 13a has a different orientation with respect to virtual image 13. However the lower portion of virtual image 13 is adjacent to an intermediate portion of virtual image 13a. Thus two portions of an object are now in juxtaposition. It is possible to increase the number of portions of the object in such juxtaposition by having a series of mirrors inclined with respect to each other.
Considering Figures 3 and 4, rays 25, 26 and 27 are -rays from different parts of object 10. Three mirrors 11, lla and llb are provided, mirror lla inclined relative to mirror 11 ;
and mirror llb inclined slightly farther, relative to mirrors 11 ` 20 and lla~. With both mirrors lla and llb, the front planes, that is the reflective planes, are coincident on the same axis on the , plane of mirror 11, as indicated by -the line 28. Figure 3 shows the mirrors to a much larger scale than in Figure 4, to illustrate the relative angular inclination of the mirrors.
The rays 25, 26 and 27 are reflected ~rom the mirrors. The virtual images formed are seen in Figure 4 at 13, 13a and 13b. It will be seen that the virtual images overlap ~-~
~` with different portions or segments of the object in juxtoposition -they will in fa-ct be substantially imposed on one another in Figure 4. Each mirror 11, lla and llb is small, needing to be only wide enough to reflect or "image" only that part of the : . ,.
. .
73~7~5 object which corresponds to the po~tion overlapping at the virtual images. Thus each mirror th~n reflects only the associated part of khe object. A lens system 29 receives these reflections and focusses them on to a detector device 30. Again, at this time, the image portions are substantially superimposed.
Figure 5 illustrates the final feature which will provide a rearranged image suitable for scanning or reading.
In Figure 5 the x-y plane corresponds to the plane of the drawing of Figure ~. As shown, the mirrors 11, lla and llb are inclined relative to each other, as in Figure 4, but the mirrors are now also rotated relative to each other, as indicated by angles 31 and 32. This rotation separates the three parts of the images.
The object 10, as an example a line of print on page 33, is shown divided into three sections numbered 1, 2 and 3. The corresponding sections are shown on an imager 34. It will be appreciated that, owing to the small width of each mirror, rays from only a section or portion of the object 10 are reflected to the lens by each mirror and due to the relative inclination it is rays from a different section of portion that are reflected ~ `~
by each mirror. Depending upon the number of sections or portions it is desired to divide an object into, so the number of mirrors, and their width, is selected. Each mirror is normally inclined and rotated progressively relative to a previous mirror, although by varying this arrangement, the various images of the sections or portions of the object can be arranged in differing relationships.
As an example of one form of optical system as illustrated in Figure 5, object 10 is assumed to be a printed line 127 mm wide and 215 mm lony on a page, as represented by 33. The lens system 29 is assumed to have a focal length of 75 mm. The detector on the images 34 is composed of three ~;~
- . . . .
- , . . .. .
. .. . . : , ~LC17~37~5 576 - element photosensor arrays. The inter element spaciny is 13 microns giving the array a total length of 7.49 mm. The arrays are separated by 50 microns. 200 lines per inch resolution requires the object distance represente~ by, for example, the length of the light ray 35 from page 33 to the lens system 29, to be 792.5 mm. To enable construction of the system illustrated in Figure 5, page 33 is 750 mm from mirror lla and lens system 29 is 42.5 mm from the mirror lla. Angle 31 is calculated to be 0.067 and angle 32 is 0.13. The relative inclination of the mirrors, particularly as illustrated in Figure 4, is such that mirror lla is inclined at 2.5 with respect to mirror 11 and mirror llb is inclined at 5 relative to mirror 11. ~s seen in Figure 4, the virtual objects 13, 13a and 13b have segments, the particular segments of interest, which lie at slightly different distances from the lens system 29.
The final imager focussed by the lens system will also be located at slightly different distances. It has been found, in a system as detailed above, that the maximum depth separation between these image segments is 0.07 mm. By stopping the lens 2~ system 29 to a f number of 8 there is sufficient focal depth to give clear details on all three segments on the detector.
Thus, with the present in~ention, the angular field of row of the imaging system is narrowed and the size of the photosensor arrays can be reduced. Both of these yield substantial cost savings.
The arrang~ment as illustrated in Figure 5 is a particular example of the basic idea. In Figures 2 to 5 there can be more than one pivot axis 28 tFigure 3). The location of pivot axes, size of mirror planes, the o~iect distance exemplified by the separation between object 10 and mirror 13 in Figure 2, the inclination of the mirrors and the angles (31 -,. , ~ ~ .
- : ~
1~737~5 ~
and 32 of Figure 5) can be arbirtary and would be optimized ~or particular applications and for different detector array geometries.
Also, although more convenient from imaging considerations it is not essential that mirror 11 be parallel to the plane of the object, (that is normal to ~he axis of the light path from the object), with th~ mirrors lla and llb sequentially tilted. For example mirror llb could be normal with mirrors 11 and llc diff~rentially tilted. This would result in the different portions of the object not being in a direct sequence and would require modification to the scanning system.
~- ?
: .:
~ ' :
;' '`" ' ;.~. , . ., :: , .. . . . .
., , . .. ~ :
. ~,: . . ,: :
.. ,.............. ~ , , ,, , ~,
Claims (7)
EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS
FOLLOWS:-
1. An optical system for multiple imaging a linear object, comprising:
a plurality of mirrors positioned side-by-side in a direction corresponding to the axis of the object and facing toward the object, said mirrors inclined relative to each other, the planes of the mirrors having a common interception axis;
an image array offset laterally from the optical paths between said object and said mirrors and positioned to receive an image of said object from each of said mirrors;
said mirrors inclined relative to each other to reflect a plurality of images, one from each mirror, onto said array, the images in laterally displaced side-by-side relationship;
said mirrors rotated relative to each other about an axis in a plane normal to said axis of said object, to reflect said images to said image array in longitudinally displaced relationship;
whereby said images are staggered relative to each other, a transverse section of said image receiver receiving a different portion of each image.
a plurality of mirrors positioned side-by-side in a direction corresponding to the axis of the object and facing toward the object, said mirrors inclined relative to each other, the planes of the mirrors having a common interception axis;
an image array offset laterally from the optical paths between said object and said mirrors and positioned to receive an image of said object from each of said mirrors;
said mirrors inclined relative to each other to reflect a plurality of images, one from each mirror, onto said array, the images in laterally displaced side-by-side relationship;
said mirrors rotated relative to each other about an axis in a plane normal to said axis of said object, to reflect said images to said image array in longitudinally displaced relationship;
whereby said images are staggered relative to each other, a transverse section of said image receiver receiving a different portion of each image.
2. An optical system as claimed in claim 1, each mirror of a width to reflect only part of the object to the image array.
3. An optical system as claimed in claim 1, a first mirror in a plane normal to the axis of the light path from the object to the mirror.
4. An optical system as claimed in claim 3, each successive mirror inclined progressively relative to the preceding mirror.
5. An optical system as claimed in claim 3, each successive mirror rotated progressively relative to the preceding mirror.
6. An optical system as claimed in claim 1, including a lens system between said mirrors and said image array.
7. An optical system as claimed in claim 1, said image array offset laterally relative to said object, in a direction normal to the axis of the object.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA288,273A CA1073715A (en) | 1977-10-06 | 1977-10-06 | Optical system for multiple imaging of a linear object |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA288,273A CA1073715A (en) | 1977-10-06 | 1977-10-06 | Optical system for multiple imaging of a linear object |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1073715A true CA1073715A (en) | 1980-03-18 |
Family
ID=4109713
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA288,273A Expired CA1073715A (en) | 1977-10-06 | 1977-10-06 | Optical system for multiple imaging of a linear object |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1073715A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0040716A1 (en) * | 1980-05-22 | 1981-12-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Image multiplexing device |
| EP0768551A1 (en) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-04-16 | Societe D'applications Generales D'electricite Et De Mecanique Sagem | Optical system for wide field viewing |
| EP2863253B1 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-08-19 | Sick Ag | Device for deviating and for enlarging the field of view |
-
1977
- 1977-10-06 CA CA288,273A patent/CA1073715A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0040716A1 (en) * | 1980-05-22 | 1981-12-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Image multiplexing device |
| EP0768551A1 (en) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-04-16 | Societe D'applications Generales D'electricite Et De Mecanique Sagem | Optical system for wide field viewing |
| FR2739944A1 (en) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-04-18 | Telecommunications Sa | OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR LARGE FIELD VIEWS |
| EP2863253B1 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-08-19 | Sick Ag | Device for deviating and for enlarging the field of view |
| US9141840B2 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2015-09-22 | Sick Ag | Apparatus for deflecting and for widening a visible range |
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| MKEX | Expiry |