CA1073120A - Apparatus for scanning an object by means of radioactive or x-ray radiation - Google Patents
Apparatus for scanning an object by means of radioactive or x-ray radiationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1073120A CA1073120A CA277,856A CA277856A CA1073120A CA 1073120 A CA1073120 A CA 1073120A CA 277856 A CA277856 A CA 277856A CA 1073120 A CA1073120 A CA 1073120A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- chamber
- disc
- detector
- channels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
- G21K1/025—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using multiple collimators, e.g. Bucky screens; other devices for eliminating undesired or dispersed radiation
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An apparatus is arranged to be brought into a field of radio-active radiation or X-radiation immergent from the radia-tion source for sensing an object. A rotatable, driven body of a radiation absorbing material is used provided with portions pervious to the radiation. The body has a central chamber and open channels extend between the outer surface of the body and the chamber, through which channels the radiation passes in the form of narrow beams to a detector which detects the radiation and generates a signal corresponding to the intensity of the radiation.
An apparatus is arranged to be brought into a field of radio-active radiation or X-radiation immergent from the radia-tion source for sensing an object. A rotatable, driven body of a radiation absorbing material is used provided with portions pervious to the radiation. The body has a central chamber and open channels extend between the outer surface of the body and the chamber, through which channels the radiation passes in the form of narrow beams to a detector which detects the radiation and generates a signal corresponding to the intensity of the radiation.
Description
-1073~Z0 The present invention relates to an apparatus which is in-tended to be brought into a field of radioactive radiation or X ray radiation emergent from a source of such radiati.on, there being used a rotatable driven body comprising a radiation-absorbing material and having portions which are pervious to said radiation~ :~
Such apparatus may have medicinal, security or industrial use, `~
and resemble f.~ying-spot systems, normally using mechanical deflection of scanner beams, and in the majority of cases using a collimator to obtain a narrow beam that is transmitted at right angles to a rotating disc provided with elongate apertures , e~tending radially from the periphery of the disc. Because it is difficult to produce well defined beams that will move as well defined points across the object being scanned, the resul-tant image becomes diffused and the use of such apparatus has ~ .
therefore, to a large extent, been limited to simple examina- `
tions, such as for the security examination of baggage at air terminals or the like. Another problem encountered with said known apparatus is that the need for high beam-energy levels makes it necessary to use a thick rotary disc, in order to .
obtain the desired shielding efect in the intervals between the slots. In turn, this means that 31Z~
the beams are unable to pass obliquely through the slot and there-with only a very small part of the pa-th along which a slot travels can be used, i.e. the scan path is extremely limited. Neither can such known apparatus having open slots extending from the periphery of the disc towards the center thereof be used to de-tect along sweep-lines a body radiating radioactive radiation, for example a human skull in which a radioac~ive substance has been planted to ascertain, for example, the presence or absence of a tumour. The main object of the invention is therefore to pro-vide an improved apparatus for transmitting a highly concentratedspot radiation onto an object to be scanned and for forming from radiation from an object a flying spot which is detected by a dectector and which pr~vides an image of any inhomogenity in the object.
According to the invention, there is provided an appa-ratus brought into a field of radioactive radiation or X-radia-tion immergent from a radiation source for sensing an object, the apparatus comprising a housing formed of radiation impervious material, at least one opening in the housing through which rad-iation may pass, a chamber in the housing, conducting means inthe housing for conducting radiation between the opening and the chamber, the conductiny means comprising a the solid body surrounding the chamber and including a plurality of cir-cumferentially spaced channels extending between ~he chamber and an outer surface of the body to conduct radiation in the form . ~ .
of narrow beams to a detector which detects the radiation and yenerates a signal corresponding to the intensity thereof, the body including at least two parts secured together such that inner faces of the parts are in axially facing rPlat:ionship, with the channels comprising radial grooves arranged on the in-
Such apparatus may have medicinal, security or industrial use, `~
and resemble f.~ying-spot systems, normally using mechanical deflection of scanner beams, and in the majority of cases using a collimator to obtain a narrow beam that is transmitted at right angles to a rotating disc provided with elongate apertures , e~tending radially from the periphery of the disc. Because it is difficult to produce well defined beams that will move as well defined points across the object being scanned, the resul-tant image becomes diffused and the use of such apparatus has ~ .
therefore, to a large extent, been limited to simple examina- `
tions, such as for the security examination of baggage at air terminals or the like. Another problem encountered with said known apparatus is that the need for high beam-energy levels makes it necessary to use a thick rotary disc, in order to .
obtain the desired shielding efect in the intervals between the slots. In turn, this means that 31Z~
the beams are unable to pass obliquely through the slot and there-with only a very small part of the pa-th along which a slot travels can be used, i.e. the scan path is extremely limited. Neither can such known apparatus having open slots extending from the periphery of the disc towards the center thereof be used to de-tect along sweep-lines a body radiating radioactive radiation, for example a human skull in which a radioac~ive substance has been planted to ascertain, for example, the presence or absence of a tumour. The main object of the invention is therefore to pro-vide an improved apparatus for transmitting a highly concentratedspot radiation onto an object to be scanned and for forming from radiation from an object a flying spot which is detected by a dectector and which pr~vides an image of any inhomogenity in the object.
According to the invention, there is provided an appa-ratus brought into a field of radioactive radiation or X-radia-tion immergent from a radiation source for sensing an object, the apparatus comprising a housing formed of radiation impervious material, at least one opening in the housing through which rad-iation may pass, a chamber in the housing, conducting means inthe housing for conducting radiation between the opening and the chamber, the conductiny means comprising a the solid body surrounding the chamber and including a plurality of cir-cumferentially spaced channels extending between ~he chamber and an outer surface of the body to conduct radiation in the form . ~ .
of narrow beams to a detector which detects the radiation and yenerates a signal corresponding to the intensity thereof, the body including at least two parts secured together such that inner faces of the parts are in axially facing rPlat:ionship, with the channels comprising radial grooves arranged on the in-
-2-,~ .
`~ ~
~q3~Z~
ner face of at least one of the parts, and drive means for driv-: ing ~he body around an axis of rotation.
When the ob~ect is to be sensed, the source of radia- ;~
tion is arranged in the central chamber and the detector arrang-ed adjacen the object, while when the object constitutes or incorporates the radiation source, the detector is arranged in the chamberO
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, in which~
Figure 1 is a simplified schematic perspective view of one exemplary embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 schematically illustrates the interior of the embodiment -.-.,.
~, `:
., .
3n -2a-:
r~
~312 shown in Figure l;
FicJure 3 is a detailed sectional view of the disc employed in the embodiment shown in Figure l;
Figure 4 shows one half of the disc shown in Figure 3; and, Figure 5 is a block diagram of a further application of the invention.
In Figure 1 there is shown a disc l mounted on a shaf~ 2 that is driven b~ means of a motor (18 in Figure 2). As will be des- ~ ;
cribed hereinafter in more detail, the disc l has radially exten-ding channels, and a source of radiation such as an X-ray source or radio-active charge is arranged at the centre of the disc so that well defined beams are sequentially directed onto an object
`~ ~
~q3~Z~
ner face of at least one of the parts, and drive means for driv-: ing ~he body around an axis of rotation.
When the ob~ect is to be sensed, the source of radia- ;~
tion is arranged in the central chamber and the detector arrang-ed adjacen the object, while when the object constitutes or incorporates the radiation source, the detector is arranged in the chamberO
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, in which~
Figure 1 is a simplified schematic perspective view of one exemplary embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 schematically illustrates the interior of the embodiment -.-.,.
~, `:
., .
3n -2a-:
r~
~312 shown in Figure l;
FicJure 3 is a detailed sectional view of the disc employed in the embodiment shown in Figure l;
Figure 4 shows one half of the disc shown in Figure 3; and, Figure 5 is a block diagram of a further application of the invention.
In Figure 1 there is shown a disc l mounted on a shaf~ 2 that is driven b~ means of a motor (18 in Figure 2). As will be des- ~ ;
cribed hereinafter in more detail, the disc l has radially exten-ding channels, and a source of radiation such as an X-ray source or radio-active charge is arranged at the centre of the disc so that well defined beams are sequentially directed onto an object
3 to be examined, of which a beam 4 is indicated by means of a broken line. The object 3 is conveyed on a conveyor 5 extending substantially parallel to the shaft 2 and moving past the disc l~
preferably at a constant speed. Each beam 4 exiting from the disc (l)wîll scan the object 3 along a path 4' as indicated in Figure l. The object 3 is assumed to be normally pervious to the beam, so that after it has been penetrated by said beam, the beam éxi-ting from the object will be incident upon an elon~ate detector6 arranged in the plane defined by the beam movement. During passages through the object 3, the beam will be partially ab-sorbed, but if an inhomogeneity such as a metal object, a knot in a piece of wood; a stone or some other object whose density dif-fers to that of the overall density of the object 3 is encountered by the beam, there ~ill be a marked change in the emergent beam amplitude. The electric signals generated by the detector 6 are thus dependent upon the material through which the beam passes at any instant, and upon the initial intensity and energy of the incident beam. When the beam moves from the upper end of the de-tector down towards the lower end thereof, with the direction of rotation assumed herein, the number of pulses generated by the detector 6 will be dependent upon the intensity of the received beam. The beam detector 6 comprises for example, a scintillation spectrometer. During each scan, the electric signals from the l ;
detector 6 reproduce the course of the intensity distribution re-sulting from passage through the object. The output signals from the detector 6 can, for example, be supplied to an analyser ;
7, su¢h as data processing apparatus or some other suitable unit. -~
Instead of one detector, a plurality of detectors 6 may be ; ~ ,...
arranged sequentially in one and the same plane, i.e., the sweep plane, or said detectors may be arranged in planes lying paral-lel with said sweep plane. In this latter case, the different detector portions are impinged upon by different portions of a broader beam or of several beams emergent from respective, separate channels arranged in the discs for each beam.
In order to provide a well-defined, narrow beam, the scanning disc 1 is constructed in the manner shown in Figures 2 to 4.
:~, .
Figure 2 shows the disc 1 on -the shaft 2 which is journalled in two bearings 8 and 9. These bearings 8 and 9 are attached to a wall 12 by means of bolts 10 and 11, said wall forming part of a -housing indicated by a broken line 13. This housing is made of lead or some other suitable material preventing radiation leakage to the surroundings, and has an opening 14 in the wall 12, through which radiation from the periphery of the disc 1 passes out to-wards the detec~or 6. Moun~ed on the shaft 2 that carries the disc 1 is a belt pulley 15, via which the disc 1 is driven by a bel~ 16 engaging a further belt pulley 17 that is mounted on the shaft of an electric motor 18. Other drive arrangements can be used. The disc 1 is provided with internal channels extending radially from the periphery of the disc 1 to a central chamber .. ... .. ., -~Q~31~(~
' 19 that is accessible through a hollow shaft portion (Figure 3) and in which there is a source 20 of radiation. Two diametrically opposed channels 21 and 22 are shown in Figure 3. As will also be seen from Figure 3, the disc 1 comprises two halves 23 and 24.
Figure 4 shows one full face of the disc-half 24. Arranged in this face are grooves 25 to 40 which extend from the periphery 41 of the disc to a central recess 42, forming part of the chamber lg for accommodating the radiation-source 20. ~he radiation-source is placed in register with the channels formed when the planar, 10 inner face of the other disc-half 23 is brought into contact with ;~
~ the disc-half 24 to cover the grooves 25 to 40. The disc-halves, ; ;~
; which are manufactured from a material capable of absorbing radia-tion, such as steel, are bolted securely together, as shown by bolt 43 (Figure 3). Figure 4 shows bolt-holes 44 and 45.
Although from the aspect of manufacture it is preferred to provide grooves only in one disc-half, it is naturally possible to pro-vide cooperating grooves in the two disc-halves. It is also possible for the disc 1 to be a one-piece structure in which ra-dial channels are formed by bores each extending from the peri-2~0 phery to the central chamber accommodating the source of radiation.
In order to obtain a high degree of sensitivity, it is important to obtain good shielding in the intervals between the channels, i.e., to obtainas little background noise as possible, and in addition, a good fit between the mutually opposed surfaces is de-sirable in the case of a disc comprising two disc-halves, to avoid leakage of radiation.
The grooves are shown as being of uniform width, but in some em-bodiments each groove is of increasing cross-sectional area from the source of radiation outwardly towards the periphery of the disc. Irrespective of the form of the grooves, the exiting ., .,''',.
radiation forms respective narrow beams whose geometry is con-stant irrespective of the beam energy.
In the illustrated embodiment the shaft 2 is driven to rotate the body 1, but it is also possible to use a stationary shaft, on which the disc rotates. An important advantage obtained with the described hollow shaft is that the radio-active source 20 can be stored in a stationary position relative to the shaft, being carried by a holder extending into the shaft (not shown).
As will readily be perceived, the disc surrounding the radiation source 20 need not be of circular shape, but can be a plate of any shape whatsoever, although a rotationally symmetrical shape is to be preferred if it is to rotate at a high speed.
In the illustrated embodiment, the object to be examined is moved and the detector and radiation apparatus are stationary, but it will be understood that a detector and associated radiation appa-ratus may be moved past a stationary object.
Figure 5 is a schematic view of apparatus for detecting radiation R lmmergent from an object 3'. The object 3' may be a hospital patient into whose blood a radio-active substance has been in-jected, a radio-active machine component, a container holding radio-active material or an object which is irradiated from the rear, it being assumed that said object can be moved on the con-veyor (not shown) as with the Figure 1 embodiment and is moved in the direction of the arrow A.
The object may be arranged so that it can be rotated whilst being conveyed by said conveyor or to be rotated whilst stationary.
An apparatus of the type aforedescrlbed is arranged in the path of radiation and a detector (not shown) is arranged in the cent-ral chamber 19' of the disc l~o When the disc 1' rotates and the 30 - object 31 is moved in the direction of arrow A, a well defined 3~LZ~ ;
, beam will pass through respective channels in the disc 1' and impinge upon the detector, the position of said beam changing ~:
along sweep lines which cover the body 3~' to a higher or lower degree of denseness. Thus, the detector arranged in the space 19' will generate at each moment of time an output signal re-presentiny a value of the intensity of the radiation of that locality on the object which at that moment of time is observed by a channel. This signal is transmitted to an indicating de-vice 7' via a conductor 46.
,.
~ 20 ~.
.. ,"~ .
-, ' 30 :'' ' ' . _ 7 _ ',
preferably at a constant speed. Each beam 4 exiting from the disc (l)wîll scan the object 3 along a path 4' as indicated in Figure l. The object 3 is assumed to be normally pervious to the beam, so that after it has been penetrated by said beam, the beam éxi-ting from the object will be incident upon an elon~ate detector6 arranged in the plane defined by the beam movement. During passages through the object 3, the beam will be partially ab-sorbed, but if an inhomogeneity such as a metal object, a knot in a piece of wood; a stone or some other object whose density dif-fers to that of the overall density of the object 3 is encountered by the beam, there ~ill be a marked change in the emergent beam amplitude. The electric signals generated by the detector 6 are thus dependent upon the material through which the beam passes at any instant, and upon the initial intensity and energy of the incident beam. When the beam moves from the upper end of the de-tector down towards the lower end thereof, with the direction of rotation assumed herein, the number of pulses generated by the detector 6 will be dependent upon the intensity of the received beam. The beam detector 6 comprises for example, a scintillation spectrometer. During each scan, the electric signals from the l ;
detector 6 reproduce the course of the intensity distribution re-sulting from passage through the object. The output signals from the detector 6 can, for example, be supplied to an analyser ;
7, su¢h as data processing apparatus or some other suitable unit. -~
Instead of one detector, a plurality of detectors 6 may be ; ~ ,...
arranged sequentially in one and the same plane, i.e., the sweep plane, or said detectors may be arranged in planes lying paral-lel with said sweep plane. In this latter case, the different detector portions are impinged upon by different portions of a broader beam or of several beams emergent from respective, separate channels arranged in the discs for each beam.
In order to provide a well-defined, narrow beam, the scanning disc 1 is constructed in the manner shown in Figures 2 to 4.
:~, .
Figure 2 shows the disc 1 on -the shaft 2 which is journalled in two bearings 8 and 9. These bearings 8 and 9 are attached to a wall 12 by means of bolts 10 and 11, said wall forming part of a -housing indicated by a broken line 13. This housing is made of lead or some other suitable material preventing radiation leakage to the surroundings, and has an opening 14 in the wall 12, through which radiation from the periphery of the disc 1 passes out to-wards the detec~or 6. Moun~ed on the shaft 2 that carries the disc 1 is a belt pulley 15, via which the disc 1 is driven by a bel~ 16 engaging a further belt pulley 17 that is mounted on the shaft of an electric motor 18. Other drive arrangements can be used. The disc 1 is provided with internal channels extending radially from the periphery of the disc 1 to a central chamber .. ... .. ., -~Q~31~(~
' 19 that is accessible through a hollow shaft portion (Figure 3) and in which there is a source 20 of radiation. Two diametrically opposed channels 21 and 22 are shown in Figure 3. As will also be seen from Figure 3, the disc 1 comprises two halves 23 and 24.
Figure 4 shows one full face of the disc-half 24. Arranged in this face are grooves 25 to 40 which extend from the periphery 41 of the disc to a central recess 42, forming part of the chamber lg for accommodating the radiation-source 20. ~he radiation-source is placed in register with the channels formed when the planar, 10 inner face of the other disc-half 23 is brought into contact with ;~
~ the disc-half 24 to cover the grooves 25 to 40. The disc-halves, ; ;~
; which are manufactured from a material capable of absorbing radia-tion, such as steel, are bolted securely together, as shown by bolt 43 (Figure 3). Figure 4 shows bolt-holes 44 and 45.
Although from the aspect of manufacture it is preferred to provide grooves only in one disc-half, it is naturally possible to pro-vide cooperating grooves in the two disc-halves. It is also possible for the disc 1 to be a one-piece structure in which ra-dial channels are formed by bores each extending from the peri-2~0 phery to the central chamber accommodating the source of radiation.
In order to obtain a high degree of sensitivity, it is important to obtain good shielding in the intervals between the channels, i.e., to obtainas little background noise as possible, and in addition, a good fit between the mutually opposed surfaces is de-sirable in the case of a disc comprising two disc-halves, to avoid leakage of radiation.
The grooves are shown as being of uniform width, but in some em-bodiments each groove is of increasing cross-sectional area from the source of radiation outwardly towards the periphery of the disc. Irrespective of the form of the grooves, the exiting ., .,''',.
radiation forms respective narrow beams whose geometry is con-stant irrespective of the beam energy.
In the illustrated embodiment the shaft 2 is driven to rotate the body 1, but it is also possible to use a stationary shaft, on which the disc rotates. An important advantage obtained with the described hollow shaft is that the radio-active source 20 can be stored in a stationary position relative to the shaft, being carried by a holder extending into the shaft (not shown).
As will readily be perceived, the disc surrounding the radiation source 20 need not be of circular shape, but can be a plate of any shape whatsoever, although a rotationally symmetrical shape is to be preferred if it is to rotate at a high speed.
In the illustrated embodiment, the object to be examined is moved and the detector and radiation apparatus are stationary, but it will be understood that a detector and associated radiation appa-ratus may be moved past a stationary object.
Figure 5 is a schematic view of apparatus for detecting radiation R lmmergent from an object 3'. The object 3' may be a hospital patient into whose blood a radio-active substance has been in-jected, a radio-active machine component, a container holding radio-active material or an object which is irradiated from the rear, it being assumed that said object can be moved on the con-veyor (not shown) as with the Figure 1 embodiment and is moved in the direction of the arrow A.
The object may be arranged so that it can be rotated whilst being conveyed by said conveyor or to be rotated whilst stationary.
An apparatus of the type aforedescrlbed is arranged in the path of radiation and a detector (not shown) is arranged in the cent-ral chamber 19' of the disc l~o When the disc 1' rotates and the 30 - object 31 is moved in the direction of arrow A, a well defined 3~LZ~ ;
, beam will pass through respective channels in the disc 1' and impinge upon the detector, the position of said beam changing ~:
along sweep lines which cover the body 3~' to a higher or lower degree of denseness. Thus, the detector arranged in the space 19' will generate at each moment of time an output signal re-presentiny a value of the intensity of the radiation of that locality on the object which at that moment of time is observed by a channel. This signal is transmitted to an indicating de-vice 7' via a conductor 46.
,.
~ 20 ~.
.. ,"~ .
-, ' 30 :'' ' ' . _ 7 _ ',
Claims (4)
1. An apparatus to be brought into a field of radio-active radiation or X-radiation immergent from a radiation source for sensing an object, said apparatus comprising a housing formed of radiation impervious material, at least one opening in said housing through which radiation may pass, a chamber in said hous-ing, conducting means in said housing for conducting radiation between said opening and said chamber, said conducting means comprising a single solid body surrounding said chamber and in-cluding a plurality of circumferentially spaced channels exten-ding between said chamber and an outer surface of said body to conduct radiation in the form of narrow beams to a detector which detects the radiation and generates a signal corresponding to the intensity thereof, said body including at least two parts secured together such that inner faces of said parts are in ax-ially facing relationship, with said channels comprising radial grooves arranged on the inner face of at least one of said parts, and drive means for driving said body around an axis of rotation.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the body is of disc-shape and provided with a hollow shaft through which said chamber can be reached.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each channel has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each channel has a cross-section that increases with distance from said chamber.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7606134A SE393189B (en) | 1976-06-01 | 1976-06-01 | DEVICE FOR MEDIUM RADIOACTIVE RADIATION OR X-RAY RADIATION FROM A RADIATION SOURCE SCANNING A RADIATION NORMALLY PERMISSIBLE FORM |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1073120A true CA1073120A (en) | 1980-03-04 |
Family
ID=20328077
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA277,856A Expired CA1073120A (en) | 1976-06-01 | 1977-05-06 | Apparatus for scanning an object by means of radioactive or x-ray radiation |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5351787A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT358671B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1073120A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2720759C3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI64721C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2353849A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1552537A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7705974A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE393189B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2939146A1 (en) * | 1979-09-27 | 1981-04-16 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | METHOD FOR EXAMINING A BODY WITH Pervasive RADIATION |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US28544A (en) * | 1860-06-05 | Ditching-machine | ||
| US2477307A (en) * | 1946-11-09 | 1949-07-26 | Mackta Leo | Combined x-ray and fluoroscopic apparatus |
| US2825817A (en) * | 1954-10-28 | 1958-03-04 | Medtronics | X-ray apparatus |
| DE1090784B (en) * | 1958-01-11 | 1960-10-13 | Heinz August Krop Dipl Ing Dr | Device for generating X-ray images |
| US3028493A (en) * | 1958-02-05 | 1962-04-03 | Takahashi Kikuo | Surveying apparatus for radioactive ores |
| DE1095955B (en) * | 1958-05-06 | 1960-12-29 | Heinz Krop Dipl Ing Dr Med Den | Device for generating X-ray images |
| USRE28544E (en) * | 1971-07-07 | 1975-09-02 | Radiant energy imaging with scanning pencil beam |
-
1976
- 1976-06-01 SE SE7606134A patent/SE393189B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1977
- 1977-05-06 CA CA277,856A patent/CA1073120A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-06 GB GB1902977A patent/GB1552537A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-09 DE DE19772720759 patent/DE2720759C3/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-11 FI FI771496A patent/FI64721C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-24 AT AT369277A patent/AT358671B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-05-30 JP JP6392077A patent/JPS5351787A/en active Pending
- 1977-05-31 FR FR7716613A patent/FR2353849A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-05-31 NL NL7705974A patent/NL7705974A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2720759B2 (en) | 1980-07-31 |
| FI771496A (en) | 1977-12-02 |
| DE2720759C3 (en) | 1981-03-19 |
| NL7705974A (en) | 1977-12-05 |
| ATA369277A (en) | 1980-02-15 |
| GB1552537A (en) | 1979-09-12 |
| DE2720759A1 (en) | 1977-12-08 |
| FI64721C (en) | 1983-12-12 |
| FI64721B (en) | 1983-08-31 |
| AT358671B (en) | 1980-09-25 |
| JPS5351787A (en) | 1978-05-11 |
| FR2353849A1 (en) | 1977-12-30 |
| SE393189B (en) | 1977-05-02 |
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