CA1071708A - Placement of an induced polarization electrode in a drill hole - Google Patents
Placement of an induced polarization electrode in a drill holeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1071708A CA1071708A CA265,070A CA265070A CA1071708A CA 1071708 A CA1071708 A CA 1071708A CA 265070 A CA265070 A CA 265070A CA 1071708 A CA1071708 A CA 1071708A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- hole
- opening
- line
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V3/20—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with propagation of electric current
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method and apparatus for placing an electrode in a drill hole while the drill boring apparatus consisting of drill rods and a cutting end remains in the drill hole. An electrode with electrically conductive line is lowered through a central opening in the drill rods and cutting end, the electrode seated against the drill hole wall at a desired depth in the drill hole below the bottom end of the boring apparatus, the upper end of the electrically conductive line supported within the drill rods while the drill boring apparatus is removed from the hole, and the upper end of the electrically conductive line removed from the drill rods. Embodiments of the apparatus for seating the electrode in the drill hole and for retaining the upper end of the electrically conductive wire in the drill rods as the drill boring apparatus is removed are disclosed.
A method and apparatus for placing an electrode in a drill hole while the drill boring apparatus consisting of drill rods and a cutting end remains in the drill hole. An electrode with electrically conductive line is lowered through a central opening in the drill rods and cutting end, the electrode seated against the drill hole wall at a desired depth in the drill hole below the bottom end of the boring apparatus, the upper end of the electrically conductive line supported within the drill rods while the drill boring apparatus is removed from the hole, and the upper end of the electrically conductive line removed from the drill rods. Embodiments of the apparatus for seating the electrode in the drill hole and for retaining the upper end of the electrically conductive wire in the drill rods as the drill boring apparatus is removed are disclosed.
Description
1~)71708 This invention reLates to an assembly for carrying out underground surveying by means of induced polarization and to a method of placement of the assembly in a drill hole. More particularly, the invention relates to an assembly which may be stabilized for underground surveying in a drill hole while the hole boring apparatus is also in the drill hole and which, when so stabilized, offers little interference to removal of the ; apparatus from the drill hole. The invention is also particularly concerned with a method by which such assembly may be so stabilized and to a method by which the hole boring apparatus may be removed from the drill hole with a minimum of interference from the assembly.
Induced polarization is a geophysical method of indicating the presence of sulphide minerals in the ground.
There are several electrode arrangements by which an electrical field can be induced into a rock mass and by which changes in time of decay of induced polarization voltages can be measured.
There are advantages in putting an electrode of the current generating system or an electrode of a voltage measuring system down a drill hole near the mass which is being surveyed. For example, in certain geological formations it is difficult to induce current from a surface electrode in an underlying rock formation which is suspected of being mineralized. Placement of an electrode in a drill hole adjacent the rock formation permits induction of current directly in the formation.
Surveying by means of an electrode of the current or voltage generating systems can be most satisfactorily carried out if the hole boring or drill assembly is not in the drill hole when the electrode is operating. The assembly may physically interfere with the operation of the electrode and -~ it may also affect electrical measurements made by the electrode.
More seriously, however, drilling time is lost during the time that surveying is being carried out since the drill assembly ~ -cannot be removed from the hole and used elsewhere during this time. It is frequently difficult to place the electrode in a drill hole after the hole boring assembly has been removed. For example, according to one known method, a plastic tube is pushed -down a hole after removal of the drill assembly. The electrode is attached to an electrically conductive lead line or wire and is lowered through the tubes. However, loose rock, collapsed unstable rock structures, and borehole irregularities make placement of the plastic tube a time consuming operation. Also, under very cold operating conditions, plastic tubes tend to become brittle and to shatter while being handled.
Removal of the drill assembly after the electrode is in position in the hole is greatly hindered by the presence of the lead wire which electrically interconnects the electrode and the power source at the surface of the earth. The wire extends through the central openings in the drill rods which make up the hole boring assembly. The upper end of the lead wire must be - handled repeatedly as the drill rods are being removed. For example, as each rod is being disconnected from the drill string, the lead wire must first be held above the rod, then it must be caught below the rod as the rod is lifted, then the lead wire must be pulled through the separated rod. Repeated handling of the lead wire in this fashion greatly extends the time required to remove the hole boring assembly from the drill hole.
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~07~708 It is an object of this invention to provide an induced polarization electrode assembly which, while it is placed in position in a drill hole before the hole boring apparatus is removed from the drill, offers little interference to removal of the apparatus. The lead wire of the assembly need not be repeatedly handled as the hole boring assembly is being removed from the dxill hole.
Another object of this invention is to provide a method by which an induced polarization electrode assembly may be stabilized in position in a drill hole beneath a drill boring apparatus and to a method of retaining the upper end of the electrode lead wire within hollow rods of the apparatus as the apparatus is removed from the drill hole.
The method of the invention broadly involves providing an electrode with an electrically conductive line, lowering the electrode through an opening which extends the length of a hole boring tool having a plurality of sections or drill rods and a cutting end or bit such that the upper end of the line is disposed at substantially the same elevation within the openlng;
maintaining the elevation of the upper end of the line substan-tially the same as the boring tool is withdrawn to bring its lower cutting end into supporting contact with the upper end of the line; completing withdrawal of the tool; and retaining the upper end of the line at ground surface level.
The apparatus of the invention broadly includes an electrode connected to an electrically conductive line and adapted to be suspended in a drill hole by the line; a sleeve connected to the electrode; a double toggle bolt electrode anchoring means adapted to be releasably retained by the sleeve;
and a weight-supporting member adapted to retain the upper end 1~)71708 of the electrically conductive line within hollow sections of a hole boring tool during removal of the sections from the drill hole. The anchoring means includes a lower toggle nut with a pair of upwardly opening wings which are adapted to engage the drill hole wall to inhibit upward movement of the electrode and an upper toggle nut with a pair of downwardly opening wings adapted to be releasably retained within the sleeve during place-ment of the electrode in the drill hole and to be released to pivot to an operative position to inhibit downward movement of the electrode. Resilient means for biasing the wings into the operative position is selectively operable by manipulation of the conductive line to release the wings with resulting movement thereof into the operative position. An auxiliary weight-supporting member may be provided to retain the upper end of the electrically conductive line within drill hole casing during removal of sections of the casing.
The method and apparatus of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, which diagrammatically illustrates the electrode assembly of the invention in - conjunction with a standard rotary drilling apparatus, prepared for attachment of i supporting means for the upper end of the lead wire;
Figure 2 is an elevation, partly in section, of the said electrode assembly in an inoperative position and a fragmentary section of the drilling apparatus, both in enlarged scale;
~07~708 Figure 3 is another elevation, partly in section, of the electrode assembly in an operative position together with a fragmentary section of the drilling rod and one means for supporting the upper end of the lead wire within the drilling rod;
Figure 4 is a fragmentary view in section and in enlarged scale of the upper portion of the embodiment shown in Figure 3;
Figure 5 is an elevation, partly in section, of the upper portion of the electrode assembly together with a rotary drill wherein the upper end of the lead wire is supported within drill hole casing;
Figure 6 diagrammatically illustrates another embodiment of the invention wherein the upper end of the lead wire is supported within the drilling rod by a second means;
and Figure 7 is another elevation, partly in section, of the upper portion of the electrode assembly of the Figure 6 embodiment prior to transfer of the upper end of the lead wire to the : means by which it is supported within drill hole casing as in Figure 5.
Like reference characters refer to like parts through-out the description of the drawings.
~07~708 With reference to Figure 1, a conventional hole boring assembly is illustrated comprising a drill rig 10, a string of vertically disposed drill rods 12 within which a wire line core barrel receives rock samples, and a drill bit or cutting end 14 at the lowermost extremity of the drill string. The induced polarization electrode assembly of the invention includes an electrode 16 and an electrode anchoring means 18, both of which are attached to the lower end of an electrically conductive line or lead wire 20. The upper end of the lead wire is ready to be connected to a weight-supporting member, e.g., float or buoyant member 22. The upper part of the drill hole is provided with casing 24 to retain loose rock and overburden 26.
After the desired depth of the electrode 16 in the hole has been determined, e.g., by drill core samples, drill rods 12 are partially withdrawn by operation of drill rig 10 positioned above the hole so that drill bit 14 is above the desired depth in the hole, preferably by about 20 feet. The remaining drill rod sections 12,each usually about 10 to 20 feet in length, extend from the bit to the drill rig.
The induced polarization electrode assembly, shown in detail in Figure 2, is attached to lead wire 20 and includes electrode 16 which is-preferably formed of elongated copper pipe packed solid with lead to increase its density thereby making it easier to lower the asse~ly in a water-filled hole. The electrode is also preferably about 3/8 inch in diameter and about 12 feet long.
Double toggle bolt electrode anchoring means 18 includes a sleeve 28 which is preferably about 3/4 inch diameter copper pipe and about 6 inches long. One end of electrode 16 is set into wooden block 30 which, in turn, is wedged into one end of sleeve :
28. An upper toggle nut 36 is positioned on bolt 38 near bolt head 40 and a pair of downwardly opening wings or wall engaging members 42 are pivotally connected to the to~gle nut. A lower toggle nut 44 is positioned near the other end of the bolt and is similarly provided with a pair of upwardly opening wings or wall engaging members 46 pivotally connected thereto~ Both pairs of wings 42, 46 are biased by resilient means, not illustrated, outwardly of bolt 38. Supporting wire 48 is attached to bolt head 40 and to the lower end of the electrode within sleeve 28.
The wire is slightly longer than the portion of the sleeve beneath the electrode.
The electrode assembly of the invention is prepared for placement in the drill hole by pushing bolt 38 into sleeve 28 until engagement of the upper wings 42 are securely engaged with the smooth inner face 50 of the sleeve. Once engaged, the wings prevent the bolt 38 from dropping downwardly from the sleeve.
Toggle nut 44 remains outside sleeve 28 such that the lower wings 46 extend outwardly of bolt 38. Support wire 48, which may be an extended portion of lead wire 20, is permitted to gather loosely between bolt head 44 and the lower end of electrode 16, and should be long enough to allow bolt 38 to drop from sleeve 28 so upper wings 42 can engage the wall of the drill hole.
~, Before the electrode assembly of the invention is placed in the drill hole, the string of drill rods is raised sufficiently to permit placement of the electrode in a desired position, and is checked to assure clearance of any obstruction which may be in bit 14 or its central opening 52. Clear passage of the electrode assembly through a drill assembly having a -wireline core barrel for the collection of rock samples is assured by removing the core barrel, lowering the overshot .; . ~
latching device of the wireline core barrel assembly past bit 14 through hole 52 and withdrawing the device. Drill bit 14 of such an assembly has a shoulder 54 encircling opening 52. The electrode 16 and electrode anchoring means 18 are then lowered by lead wire 20 through opening 52 in the drill bit to the desired depth below the drill bit. While the assembly is being lowered, the partially folded wings 46 glide on the inner face of the axially extending opening of the drill rod sections 12. The wings close partially while passing through opening 52, then open sufficiently to glide on the inner wall of the drill hole.
When the desired depth has been reached as determined by the length of lead wire fed into the drill hole, the lead wire is pulled upwardly, causing the lower wings 46 to anchor in the wall of the drill hole. The electrode 16, but not the anchoring means, rises until supporting wire 48 is fully extended. The upper wings 42 glide along inner wall 50 of sleeve 28 until released, then spring outwardly into an operative position to engage the wall of the drill hole. As illustrated in Figure 1 and in detail in Figure 3, the electrode is now in its operative position, with both upward and downward movement prevented by engagement of anchoring means 18 to the drill hole wall.
In accordance with the invention, a weight-supporting member is provided for supporting the upper end of the lead wire 20 entirely within the string of drill rods of the boring tool as the rods are removed in succession from the hole. When the casing is being removed, an auxiliary support member is likewise provided for supporting the lead wire entirely within the casing as its sections are removed. The tedious steps of holding the lead wire above the uppermost section of the boring tool or casing while it is being disconnected, lifting the separated , . . . .
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section, catching the lead wire below the separated section and pulling the wire through the separated section are eliminated.
Float 22 serves as one means for supporting the upper end of the lead wire as the drill rods are removed. With reference to Figure 4, float 22 is an elongated cylindrical block formed preferably of wood having a diameter slightly less than the inside diameter of the drill rod but greater than the diameter of the central opening of the drill bit 14~ The bottom end of the float is rounded to permit easy passage of float 22 past rod joints 58. The float is provided with a central longitudinal hole 60 through which the end of lead wire 20 is passed before being secured above the float. In use, float 22 is attached to the upper end of the lead wire after the electrode is in the operative position illustrated in Figure 3, but before any of the sections of the drill rods 12 are removed from the hole. The float is then allowed to fall through the central opening of the drill - rods. The float will come to rest at the water table 62. The drill rods are then raised and sections of rod are removed ; without interference from the lead wire. As drill bit 14 approaches the water table, its shoulder 54 assumes the support of float 22 and the float is pulled out of the hole with the bit on the last sectio.n of rod. At the surface of the earth, the lead wire is held by hand below the bit as its upper end is untied and allowed to pass through float hole 60 and bit hole 52.
The bit is then removed. If there is no casing at the top of the drill hole, the lead wire may be attached to a source of energizing current or to voltage detection means. The electrode is then ready for induced polarization surveying.
The means for supporting the upper end of the lead wire while the sections of a casing are being removed from a drill hole is illustrated in Figure 5, while Figure 7 shows support of the lead wire within the hole boring tool by other means hereinafter described/ immediately prior to transfer of the upper end of the wire to means for supporting it in the casing. In Figure 5, a weight-supporting member 64 serves to frictionally engage the casing wall as the casing is removed section by section. Member 64 is provided with a lower swivel 66 and hook 68 to support the upper end of the lead wire and is also provided with a central stem or rod 70, compression spring 72, pivot 74, washer 76, adjustment nut 78, a pair of pivotal arms 80 and shoes 82. Each shoe has a pad 84 provided with an outer surface of relatively high coefficient of friction to frictionally engage the inner walls of the casing sections.
Before insertion of support member 64 into casing 24, adjustment nut 78 is set against spring 72 to provide, on insertion, a force of 3 to 4 pounds against the casing sections to free them without undue twisting of the wire. To facilitate attachment of electrode lead wire 20, the wall engaging portions of support member 64 are compressed and inserted into the drill rod holding means of drill rig 10 with hook 68 about one foot below the level at which the drill rods are broken, i.e., unscrewed from each other. This level may vary with the drill rig used. The support member is then lowered into the uppermost section of casing 24.
As the casing is raised from the drill hole, the support member 64 rises to a level adjacent the level at which it was tied, where the lead wire is fully extended. Provided the auxiliary support member is attached at the proper level, it is ... , .:
~071708 not higher than the top of the section below the one being removed as the upper one is being detached. This avoids a situation which would require tucking of the support member back into the string of connected casing sections after each section in turn is removed. When the sections of casing are removed, friction between the pads 84 and the casing wall is sufficient to hold the device within the uppermost section of the casing as the casing is removed section by section. In general 3 to 4 pounds pressure exerted by the pads on the casing wall is sufficient to keep the support means from falling through the casing but is not great enough to cause breakage by preventing pads 84 from sliding on the casing wall when the casing is being raised.
Hand control of the lead wire is necessary only while removing the last casing section. After removal of the lead wire from the hook, it is ready for connection to a power source.
In cold weather, the foot clamp which holds the string of drill rods in the drilling rig as the string is being raised or lowered may become coated with ice and may unexpectedly allow the drill rod string to slide rapidly downward. Should the upper end of the lead wire be supported by float 22 at water table 62, a length of lead wire lying loosely within the drill ; hole may be sheared off by the drill bit as it falls rapidly downward. To prevent this, the float may be replaced by the embodiment of the weight-supporting member illustrated in Figures 6 and 7. The latter member is identified by the numeral 88 and comprises flexible stem 90 about which a compression spring 92 is disposed. A nut 94 permits adjustment of the force applied by the spring to a conical washer disposed about the stem above the spring. A pivot 98 is connected to the washer :
. .
~0717 and a pair of arms 100 are pivotally connected to the pivot. A --shoe 102 is pivotally connected to the outer end of each arm 100 and each shoe has a pad 104 provided with an outer surface having a relatively high coefficient of friction. A tension spring 106 interconnects the shoes at their upper edges. A swivel 108 and a hook 110 are connected to the lower end of stem 90.
The outward pressure exerted by the pads 104 on the -inner wall of the drill rod is sufficient to hold the weight-supporting member within the uppermost part of drill rod 12 during normal removal of the rods section by section. Tension spring 106 prevents inward rotation of the lower ends of shoes 102, thereby precluding slipping through the central opening of the drill bit.
Thus, engagement of the member with shoulder 54 as the drill bit rises to the level of the member is assured.
Before support member 88 is attached to the lead wire, the wire must be pulled up until it is taut. The support member is then positioned above the drill rods at the same level as floor 112 of the drill rig and the wire is tied to hook 110. The `
wire above the tie is doubled back as at 114 and is cut about 12 feet from the tie. The end of the extra wire is weighted, e.g.
with nut 116, and is dropped into the drill rods as shown in Figure 7. By keeping the lead wire substantially fully extended, the wire will not be broken when the drill rods are lowered and raised irregularly in order to loosen rod sections which are wedged in the hole. Moreover, the rods can also be rotated without unduly twisting the wire. Even though irregular movement of the drill rods may cause the weight-supporting member 88 to ride down the drill rod wall, the resultant amount of slack in the lead wire is small compared to the slack in the wire when its upper end is supported by a float, particularly where the ~071708 water table is very low. As a result, the likelihood that the wire will be sheared by the drill bit where use is made of support member 88 is much less.
When the lowermost rod, to which bit 14 is connected, is pulled out of the drill hole, support member 88 is held inside bit 14 by engagement of the lower ends of shoes 102 with shoulder 54. The support member is then held manually while bit 14 is unscrewed from the rod and the lead wire 20 is then detached from the support means member. If there is casing to be removed, the end of the lead wire is attached to the support member 64 illustrated in Figure 5 and the sections of casing are removed as hereinbefore explained.
It will be understood, of course, that modifications can be made in the preferred embodiments of the invention described and illustrated herein without departing from the scope and purview of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Induced polarization is a geophysical method of indicating the presence of sulphide minerals in the ground.
There are several electrode arrangements by which an electrical field can be induced into a rock mass and by which changes in time of decay of induced polarization voltages can be measured.
There are advantages in putting an electrode of the current generating system or an electrode of a voltage measuring system down a drill hole near the mass which is being surveyed. For example, in certain geological formations it is difficult to induce current from a surface electrode in an underlying rock formation which is suspected of being mineralized. Placement of an electrode in a drill hole adjacent the rock formation permits induction of current directly in the formation.
Surveying by means of an electrode of the current or voltage generating systems can be most satisfactorily carried out if the hole boring or drill assembly is not in the drill hole when the electrode is operating. The assembly may physically interfere with the operation of the electrode and -~ it may also affect electrical measurements made by the electrode.
More seriously, however, drilling time is lost during the time that surveying is being carried out since the drill assembly ~ -cannot be removed from the hole and used elsewhere during this time. It is frequently difficult to place the electrode in a drill hole after the hole boring assembly has been removed. For example, according to one known method, a plastic tube is pushed -down a hole after removal of the drill assembly. The electrode is attached to an electrically conductive lead line or wire and is lowered through the tubes. However, loose rock, collapsed unstable rock structures, and borehole irregularities make placement of the plastic tube a time consuming operation. Also, under very cold operating conditions, plastic tubes tend to become brittle and to shatter while being handled.
Removal of the drill assembly after the electrode is in position in the hole is greatly hindered by the presence of the lead wire which electrically interconnects the electrode and the power source at the surface of the earth. The wire extends through the central openings in the drill rods which make up the hole boring assembly. The upper end of the lead wire must be - handled repeatedly as the drill rods are being removed. For example, as each rod is being disconnected from the drill string, the lead wire must first be held above the rod, then it must be caught below the rod as the rod is lifted, then the lead wire must be pulled through the separated rod. Repeated handling of the lead wire in this fashion greatly extends the time required to remove the hole boring assembly from the drill hole.
.. ..
~07~708 It is an object of this invention to provide an induced polarization electrode assembly which, while it is placed in position in a drill hole before the hole boring apparatus is removed from the drill, offers little interference to removal of the apparatus. The lead wire of the assembly need not be repeatedly handled as the hole boring assembly is being removed from the dxill hole.
Another object of this invention is to provide a method by which an induced polarization electrode assembly may be stabilized in position in a drill hole beneath a drill boring apparatus and to a method of retaining the upper end of the electrode lead wire within hollow rods of the apparatus as the apparatus is removed from the drill hole.
The method of the invention broadly involves providing an electrode with an electrically conductive line, lowering the electrode through an opening which extends the length of a hole boring tool having a plurality of sections or drill rods and a cutting end or bit such that the upper end of the line is disposed at substantially the same elevation within the openlng;
maintaining the elevation of the upper end of the line substan-tially the same as the boring tool is withdrawn to bring its lower cutting end into supporting contact with the upper end of the line; completing withdrawal of the tool; and retaining the upper end of the line at ground surface level.
The apparatus of the invention broadly includes an electrode connected to an electrically conductive line and adapted to be suspended in a drill hole by the line; a sleeve connected to the electrode; a double toggle bolt electrode anchoring means adapted to be releasably retained by the sleeve;
and a weight-supporting member adapted to retain the upper end 1~)71708 of the electrically conductive line within hollow sections of a hole boring tool during removal of the sections from the drill hole. The anchoring means includes a lower toggle nut with a pair of upwardly opening wings which are adapted to engage the drill hole wall to inhibit upward movement of the electrode and an upper toggle nut with a pair of downwardly opening wings adapted to be releasably retained within the sleeve during place-ment of the electrode in the drill hole and to be released to pivot to an operative position to inhibit downward movement of the electrode. Resilient means for biasing the wings into the operative position is selectively operable by manipulation of the conductive line to release the wings with resulting movement thereof into the operative position. An auxiliary weight-supporting member may be provided to retain the upper end of the electrically conductive line within drill hole casing during removal of sections of the casing.
The method and apparatus of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, which diagrammatically illustrates the electrode assembly of the invention in - conjunction with a standard rotary drilling apparatus, prepared for attachment of i supporting means for the upper end of the lead wire;
Figure 2 is an elevation, partly in section, of the said electrode assembly in an inoperative position and a fragmentary section of the drilling apparatus, both in enlarged scale;
~07~708 Figure 3 is another elevation, partly in section, of the electrode assembly in an operative position together with a fragmentary section of the drilling rod and one means for supporting the upper end of the lead wire within the drilling rod;
Figure 4 is a fragmentary view in section and in enlarged scale of the upper portion of the embodiment shown in Figure 3;
Figure 5 is an elevation, partly in section, of the upper portion of the electrode assembly together with a rotary drill wherein the upper end of the lead wire is supported within drill hole casing;
Figure 6 diagrammatically illustrates another embodiment of the invention wherein the upper end of the lead wire is supported within the drilling rod by a second means;
and Figure 7 is another elevation, partly in section, of the upper portion of the electrode assembly of the Figure 6 embodiment prior to transfer of the upper end of the lead wire to the : means by which it is supported within drill hole casing as in Figure 5.
Like reference characters refer to like parts through-out the description of the drawings.
~07~708 With reference to Figure 1, a conventional hole boring assembly is illustrated comprising a drill rig 10, a string of vertically disposed drill rods 12 within which a wire line core barrel receives rock samples, and a drill bit or cutting end 14 at the lowermost extremity of the drill string. The induced polarization electrode assembly of the invention includes an electrode 16 and an electrode anchoring means 18, both of which are attached to the lower end of an electrically conductive line or lead wire 20. The upper end of the lead wire is ready to be connected to a weight-supporting member, e.g., float or buoyant member 22. The upper part of the drill hole is provided with casing 24 to retain loose rock and overburden 26.
After the desired depth of the electrode 16 in the hole has been determined, e.g., by drill core samples, drill rods 12 are partially withdrawn by operation of drill rig 10 positioned above the hole so that drill bit 14 is above the desired depth in the hole, preferably by about 20 feet. The remaining drill rod sections 12,each usually about 10 to 20 feet in length, extend from the bit to the drill rig.
The induced polarization electrode assembly, shown in detail in Figure 2, is attached to lead wire 20 and includes electrode 16 which is-preferably formed of elongated copper pipe packed solid with lead to increase its density thereby making it easier to lower the asse~ly in a water-filled hole. The electrode is also preferably about 3/8 inch in diameter and about 12 feet long.
Double toggle bolt electrode anchoring means 18 includes a sleeve 28 which is preferably about 3/4 inch diameter copper pipe and about 6 inches long. One end of electrode 16 is set into wooden block 30 which, in turn, is wedged into one end of sleeve :
28. An upper toggle nut 36 is positioned on bolt 38 near bolt head 40 and a pair of downwardly opening wings or wall engaging members 42 are pivotally connected to the to~gle nut. A lower toggle nut 44 is positioned near the other end of the bolt and is similarly provided with a pair of upwardly opening wings or wall engaging members 46 pivotally connected thereto~ Both pairs of wings 42, 46 are biased by resilient means, not illustrated, outwardly of bolt 38. Supporting wire 48 is attached to bolt head 40 and to the lower end of the electrode within sleeve 28.
The wire is slightly longer than the portion of the sleeve beneath the electrode.
The electrode assembly of the invention is prepared for placement in the drill hole by pushing bolt 38 into sleeve 28 until engagement of the upper wings 42 are securely engaged with the smooth inner face 50 of the sleeve. Once engaged, the wings prevent the bolt 38 from dropping downwardly from the sleeve.
Toggle nut 44 remains outside sleeve 28 such that the lower wings 46 extend outwardly of bolt 38. Support wire 48, which may be an extended portion of lead wire 20, is permitted to gather loosely between bolt head 44 and the lower end of electrode 16, and should be long enough to allow bolt 38 to drop from sleeve 28 so upper wings 42 can engage the wall of the drill hole.
~, Before the electrode assembly of the invention is placed in the drill hole, the string of drill rods is raised sufficiently to permit placement of the electrode in a desired position, and is checked to assure clearance of any obstruction which may be in bit 14 or its central opening 52. Clear passage of the electrode assembly through a drill assembly having a -wireline core barrel for the collection of rock samples is assured by removing the core barrel, lowering the overshot .; . ~
latching device of the wireline core barrel assembly past bit 14 through hole 52 and withdrawing the device. Drill bit 14 of such an assembly has a shoulder 54 encircling opening 52. The electrode 16 and electrode anchoring means 18 are then lowered by lead wire 20 through opening 52 in the drill bit to the desired depth below the drill bit. While the assembly is being lowered, the partially folded wings 46 glide on the inner face of the axially extending opening of the drill rod sections 12. The wings close partially while passing through opening 52, then open sufficiently to glide on the inner wall of the drill hole.
When the desired depth has been reached as determined by the length of lead wire fed into the drill hole, the lead wire is pulled upwardly, causing the lower wings 46 to anchor in the wall of the drill hole. The electrode 16, but not the anchoring means, rises until supporting wire 48 is fully extended. The upper wings 42 glide along inner wall 50 of sleeve 28 until released, then spring outwardly into an operative position to engage the wall of the drill hole. As illustrated in Figure 1 and in detail in Figure 3, the electrode is now in its operative position, with both upward and downward movement prevented by engagement of anchoring means 18 to the drill hole wall.
In accordance with the invention, a weight-supporting member is provided for supporting the upper end of the lead wire 20 entirely within the string of drill rods of the boring tool as the rods are removed in succession from the hole. When the casing is being removed, an auxiliary support member is likewise provided for supporting the lead wire entirely within the casing as its sections are removed. The tedious steps of holding the lead wire above the uppermost section of the boring tool or casing while it is being disconnected, lifting the separated , . . . .
107170~
section, catching the lead wire below the separated section and pulling the wire through the separated section are eliminated.
Float 22 serves as one means for supporting the upper end of the lead wire as the drill rods are removed. With reference to Figure 4, float 22 is an elongated cylindrical block formed preferably of wood having a diameter slightly less than the inside diameter of the drill rod but greater than the diameter of the central opening of the drill bit 14~ The bottom end of the float is rounded to permit easy passage of float 22 past rod joints 58. The float is provided with a central longitudinal hole 60 through which the end of lead wire 20 is passed before being secured above the float. In use, float 22 is attached to the upper end of the lead wire after the electrode is in the operative position illustrated in Figure 3, but before any of the sections of the drill rods 12 are removed from the hole. The float is then allowed to fall through the central opening of the drill - rods. The float will come to rest at the water table 62. The drill rods are then raised and sections of rod are removed ; without interference from the lead wire. As drill bit 14 approaches the water table, its shoulder 54 assumes the support of float 22 and the float is pulled out of the hole with the bit on the last sectio.n of rod. At the surface of the earth, the lead wire is held by hand below the bit as its upper end is untied and allowed to pass through float hole 60 and bit hole 52.
The bit is then removed. If there is no casing at the top of the drill hole, the lead wire may be attached to a source of energizing current or to voltage detection means. The electrode is then ready for induced polarization surveying.
The means for supporting the upper end of the lead wire while the sections of a casing are being removed from a drill hole is illustrated in Figure 5, while Figure 7 shows support of the lead wire within the hole boring tool by other means hereinafter described/ immediately prior to transfer of the upper end of the wire to means for supporting it in the casing. In Figure 5, a weight-supporting member 64 serves to frictionally engage the casing wall as the casing is removed section by section. Member 64 is provided with a lower swivel 66 and hook 68 to support the upper end of the lead wire and is also provided with a central stem or rod 70, compression spring 72, pivot 74, washer 76, adjustment nut 78, a pair of pivotal arms 80 and shoes 82. Each shoe has a pad 84 provided with an outer surface of relatively high coefficient of friction to frictionally engage the inner walls of the casing sections.
Before insertion of support member 64 into casing 24, adjustment nut 78 is set against spring 72 to provide, on insertion, a force of 3 to 4 pounds against the casing sections to free them without undue twisting of the wire. To facilitate attachment of electrode lead wire 20, the wall engaging portions of support member 64 are compressed and inserted into the drill rod holding means of drill rig 10 with hook 68 about one foot below the level at which the drill rods are broken, i.e., unscrewed from each other. This level may vary with the drill rig used. The support member is then lowered into the uppermost section of casing 24.
As the casing is raised from the drill hole, the support member 64 rises to a level adjacent the level at which it was tied, where the lead wire is fully extended. Provided the auxiliary support member is attached at the proper level, it is ... , .:
~071708 not higher than the top of the section below the one being removed as the upper one is being detached. This avoids a situation which would require tucking of the support member back into the string of connected casing sections after each section in turn is removed. When the sections of casing are removed, friction between the pads 84 and the casing wall is sufficient to hold the device within the uppermost section of the casing as the casing is removed section by section. In general 3 to 4 pounds pressure exerted by the pads on the casing wall is sufficient to keep the support means from falling through the casing but is not great enough to cause breakage by preventing pads 84 from sliding on the casing wall when the casing is being raised.
Hand control of the lead wire is necessary only while removing the last casing section. After removal of the lead wire from the hook, it is ready for connection to a power source.
In cold weather, the foot clamp which holds the string of drill rods in the drilling rig as the string is being raised or lowered may become coated with ice and may unexpectedly allow the drill rod string to slide rapidly downward. Should the upper end of the lead wire be supported by float 22 at water table 62, a length of lead wire lying loosely within the drill ; hole may be sheared off by the drill bit as it falls rapidly downward. To prevent this, the float may be replaced by the embodiment of the weight-supporting member illustrated in Figures 6 and 7. The latter member is identified by the numeral 88 and comprises flexible stem 90 about which a compression spring 92 is disposed. A nut 94 permits adjustment of the force applied by the spring to a conical washer disposed about the stem above the spring. A pivot 98 is connected to the washer :
. .
~0717 and a pair of arms 100 are pivotally connected to the pivot. A --shoe 102 is pivotally connected to the outer end of each arm 100 and each shoe has a pad 104 provided with an outer surface having a relatively high coefficient of friction. A tension spring 106 interconnects the shoes at their upper edges. A swivel 108 and a hook 110 are connected to the lower end of stem 90.
The outward pressure exerted by the pads 104 on the -inner wall of the drill rod is sufficient to hold the weight-supporting member within the uppermost part of drill rod 12 during normal removal of the rods section by section. Tension spring 106 prevents inward rotation of the lower ends of shoes 102, thereby precluding slipping through the central opening of the drill bit.
Thus, engagement of the member with shoulder 54 as the drill bit rises to the level of the member is assured.
Before support member 88 is attached to the lead wire, the wire must be pulled up until it is taut. The support member is then positioned above the drill rods at the same level as floor 112 of the drill rig and the wire is tied to hook 110. The `
wire above the tie is doubled back as at 114 and is cut about 12 feet from the tie. The end of the extra wire is weighted, e.g.
with nut 116, and is dropped into the drill rods as shown in Figure 7. By keeping the lead wire substantially fully extended, the wire will not be broken when the drill rods are lowered and raised irregularly in order to loosen rod sections which are wedged in the hole. Moreover, the rods can also be rotated without unduly twisting the wire. Even though irregular movement of the drill rods may cause the weight-supporting member 88 to ride down the drill rod wall, the resultant amount of slack in the lead wire is small compared to the slack in the wire when its upper end is supported by a float, particularly where the ~071708 water table is very low. As a result, the likelihood that the wire will be sheared by the drill bit where use is made of support member 88 is much less.
When the lowermost rod, to which bit 14 is connected, is pulled out of the drill hole, support member 88 is held inside bit 14 by engagement of the lower ends of shoes 102 with shoulder 54. The support member is then held manually while bit 14 is unscrewed from the rod and the lead wire 20 is then detached from the support means member. If there is casing to be removed, the end of the lead wire is attached to the support member 64 illustrated in Figure 5 and the sections of casing are removed as hereinbefore explained.
It will be understood, of course, that modifications can be made in the preferred embodiments of the invention described and illustrated herein without departing from the scope and purview of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A method of positioning an electrode for use in an elongated hole formed by means of a hole boring tool having a lower cutting end and an axially disposed opening extending the length thereof including the steps of: providing said electrode with an electrically conductive line; lowering said electrode through said opening such that the upper end of said line is disposed within said opening; and withdrawing said tool from the hole while maintaining the elevation of the line adjacent said upper end substantially the same until in contact with the lower cutting end of said tool.
2. A method of positioning an electrode for use in an elongated hole which penetrates the water table in the ground and which is formed by means of a hole-boring tool having an axially disposed opening extending the length thereof and a lower cutting end provided with a central opening of smaller diameter than that of said axially disposed opening, said method including the steps of: providing said electrode with an electrically conductive line;
attaching weight-supporting means in the form of a buoyant member to said line adjacent its upper end, said buoyant member being of a size which allows it to descend through said axially disposed opening but which prevents it from penetrating the central opening of said cutting end; lowering said electrode through said axially disposed opening such that the upper end of said line is disposed within said opening and the buoyant member has descended to the water table; elevating said tool in the hole to bring the cutting end into contact with the buoyant member; and withdrawing the tool from the hole with resulting withdrawal of the buoyant member.
attaching weight-supporting means in the form of a buoyant member to said line adjacent its upper end, said buoyant member being of a size which allows it to descend through said axially disposed opening but which prevents it from penetrating the central opening of said cutting end; lowering said electrode through said axially disposed opening such that the upper end of said line is disposed within said opening and the buoyant member has descended to the water table; elevating said tool in the hole to bring the cutting end into contact with the buoyant member; and withdrawing the tool from the hole with resulting withdrawal of the buoyant member.
3. A method of positioning an electrode for use in an elongated hole formed by means of a hole boring tool having a lower cutting end and an inner wall which defines an axially disposed opening extending the length of said tool including the steps of: providing said electrode with an electrically conductive line; lowering said electrode through said opening such that the upper end of said line is disposed within said opening; fixing said electrode in position in said hole beneath said lower cutting end; attaching to said line adjacent its upper end weight supporting means in the form of a member for frictionally engaging said inner wall; and withdrawing said tool from the hole with resulting tightening of said line and there-after sliding of said member along said inner wall such that the elevation of said member remains substantially the same.
4. A method of positioning an electrode for use at a desired depth in an elongated hole which penetrates the water table in the ground and which is formed by means of a hole boring tool having an axially disposed opening extending the length of a plurality of sections of the tool and a lower cutting end provided with a central opening of smaller diameter than that of said axially disposed opening, said method including the steps of:
raising the hole boring-tool until the lower cutting end is above said desired depth; providing said electrode with an electrically conductive line and with inoperative hole-wall-engaging means;
lowering said electrode through said axially disposed opening and through said central opening to said desired depth; activating said hole-wall-engaging means to hold said electrode at said desired depth; attaching a weight-supporting member in the form of a float to said line adjacent its upper end, said float being of a size which allows it to descend through said axially disposed opening but which prevents it from penetrating the central opening of said cutting end; lowering said float to the water table; elevating said tool in the hole with successive withdrawal and detachment of upper sections thereof to bring the cutting end into contact with the buoyant member; completing withdrawal of the tool from the hole with resulting withdrawal of the float and attached upper end of said line; detaching said float from said line; and retaining the upper end of said line at ground surface level.
raising the hole boring-tool until the lower cutting end is above said desired depth; providing said electrode with an electrically conductive line and with inoperative hole-wall-engaging means;
lowering said electrode through said axially disposed opening and through said central opening to said desired depth; activating said hole-wall-engaging means to hold said electrode at said desired depth; attaching a weight-supporting member in the form of a float to said line adjacent its upper end, said float being of a size which allows it to descend through said axially disposed opening but which prevents it from penetrating the central opening of said cutting end; lowering said float to the water table; elevating said tool in the hole with successive withdrawal and detachment of upper sections thereof to bring the cutting end into contact with the buoyant member; completing withdrawal of the tool from the hole with resulting withdrawal of the float and attached upper end of said line; detaching said float from said line; and retaining the upper end of said line at ground surface level.
5. A method of positioning an electrode for use at a desired depth in an elongated hole formed by means of a hole boring tool having an axially disposed opening extending the length of a plurality of sections of the tool and a lower cutting end provided with a central opening of smaller diameter than that of said axially disposed opening, said method including the steps of: raising the hole boring tool until the lower cutting end is above said desired depth; providing said electrode with an electrically conductive line and with inoperative hole-wall-engaging means; lowering said electrode and said inoperative hole-wall-engaging means through said axially disposed opening and through said central opening to said desired depth such that the upper end of said line is retained within the upper end of said axially disposed opening; activating said hole-wall-engaging means to fix said electrode at said desired depth; attaching to said line adjacent its upper end a weight-supporting member in the form of a mechanism for frictionally engaging said inner wall;
elevating said tool in the hole and successively detaching upper sections thereof with resulting tightening of said line and thereafter sliding of said member along said inner wall such that the elevation of said member remains substantially the same;
completing withdrawal from the hole of the tool and said member attached to the upper end of said line; detaching said member from said line; and retaining the upper end of said line at ground surface level.
elevating said tool in the hole and successively detaching upper sections thereof with resulting tightening of said line and thereafter sliding of said member along said inner wall such that the elevation of said member remains substantially the same;
completing withdrawal from the hole of the tool and said member attached to the upper end of said line; detaching said member from said line; and retaining the upper end of said line at ground surface level.
6. A method of positioning an electrode for use in an elongated hole as claimed in Claims 2 or 3, wherein said elongated hole is a drill hole in the earth the upper part of which is provided with a casing to retain loose rock, said method including the additional steps of: attaching to the upper end of said electrically conductive line from which said support member has been detached an auxiliary support member adapted to frictionally engage the cylindrical inner wall of the casing; adjusting the auxiliary support member to exert a force of 3 to 4 pounds on the casing wall; inserting the auxiliary support member into the top of the casing; withdrawing and removing the casing section by section as the auxiliary support member slides on the wall to maintain substantially unchanged the elevation of the upper end of the electrically conductive line; removing the auxiliary support member from the lowermost casing section; detaching the auxiliary support member from the electrically conductive line; and retaining the upper end of said line at ground surface level.
7. Apparatus for the method as claimed in Claim 1 comprising: an induced polarization electrode assembly including said electrode, an electrically conductive line connected to said electrode and by which said electrode is lowered through the opening in said boring tool, and a weight-supporting member for supporting the upper end of said line, said induced polarization electrode assembly comprising said electrode, a double toggle bolt electrode anchoring means connected to said electrode and including a lower toggle nut with a pair of upwardly opening wings and an upper toggle nut with a pair of downwardly opening wings and wing securing means to releasably retain said upper toggle nut, said anchoring means adapted to move from an inoperative position for placement in the drill hole in which position said wing securing means retains the wings of said upper toggle nut out of contact with the wall which defines said drill hole and the wings of said lower toggle nut resiliently engage the drill hole wall to an operative position in which said wings are adapted to anchor in the drill hole wall thus stabilizing said electrode against upward and downward movement respectively of said electrode in the drill hole, lower and upper resilient means for biasing the wings of said lower and upper toggle nuts respectively into the operative position, and said wing securing means opposed to the bias of said upper resilient means to maintain said upper wing in the inoperative position but selec-tively operable by manipulation of said conductive line to release said upper wing with resulting movement thereof into the operative position.
8. Apparatus for the method as claimed in Claim 1 comprising: an induced polarization electrode assembly including said electrode, an electrically conductive lead line connected to said electrode and by which said electrode is lowered through the opening in said boring tool, and a weight-supporting member for supporting the upper end of said line, said induced polarization electrode assembly comprising said electrode, a sleeve connected to said electrode, and a double toggle bolt electrode anchoring means adapted to-be releasably retained by said sleeve, said anchoring means including a lower toggle nut with a pair of upwardly opening wings and an upper toggle nut with a pair of downwardly opening wings, the wings of each pair being disposed at the same elevation and diametrically opposite each other and being pivotal from an inoperative position in which said wings are adjacent each other to an operative position in which said wings are adapted to stabilize said electrode against upward and downward movement in the drill hole, resilient means biasing the wings of each said pair into the operative position, said sleeve having a central opening adapted to retain said first pair of wings initially in the inoperative position, said sleeve being movable upwardly upon upward movement of said conductive line with resulting withdrawal of said upper wing pair from said opening and outward movement thereof into the operative position.
9. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 7, said weight-supporting member in the form of a float member having means for connection to the upper end of said conductive line and being of a size adapted to pass through an axially disposed opening which extends upwardly from a lower cutting end of a hole boring tool used to form the drill hole but too large to pass through a constricted central opening formed in said cutting end.
10. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 8, said weight-supporting member in the form of a float member having means for connection to the upper end of said conductive line and being of a size adapted to pass through an axially disposed opening which extends upwardly from a lower cutting end of a hole boring tool used to form the drill hole but too large to pass through a constricted central opening formed in said cutting end.
11. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 7 or 8, said weight-supporting member in the form of a mechanism adapted to frictionally engage the inner surface of a cylindrical wall and having means for connection to the upper end of said conductive line and being of a size capable of passing through an axially disposed opening which extends upwardly from a lower cutting end of a hole boring tool used to form the drill hole, said weight-supporting member including a central stem, a pair of arms pivotally connected to said stem and each having attached thereto a shoe with an outer surface of relatively high coefficient of friction, first resilient means for biasing said arms outwardly to cause said outer surfaces to frictional-ly contact an inner wall which defines said axially disposed opening of said hole boring tool and second resilient means to prevent inward rotation of the lower ends of said shoes that would permit slipping through a central drill bit opening at the lower end of the cutting tool whereby when said wings stabilize said electrode against upward and downward movement in the drill hole and when said hole boring tool is being withdrawn from the drill hole, said outer surfaces slide along the inner wall such that the elevation of said weight-supporting member remains unchanged.
12. Apparatus for the method as claimed in Claim 1 comprising: an induced polarization electrode assembly including said electrode, an electrically conductive line connected to said electrode and by which said electrode is lowered through the opening in said boring tool, a weight-supporting member for supporting the upper end of said line, and an auxiliary support member adapted to be attached to the upper end of the electri-cally conductive line after removal of the hole boring tool, said induced polarization electrode assembly comprising said electrode, a double toggle bolt electrode anchoring means connected to said electrode and including a lower toggle nut with a pair of upwardly opening wings and an upper toggle nut with a pair of downwardly opening wings and wing securing means to releasably retain said upper toggle nut, said anchoring means adapted to move from an inoperative position for placement in the drill hole in which position said wing securing means retains the wings of said upper toggle nut out of contact with the wall which defines said drill hole and the wings of said lower toggle nut resiliently engage the drill hole wall to an operative position in which said wings are adapted to anchor in the drill hole wall thus stabilizing said electrode against upward and downward movement respectively of said electrode in the drill hole, lower and upper resilient means for biasing the wings of said lower and upper toggle nuts respectively into the operative position, and said wing securing means opposed to the bias of said upper resilient means to maintain said upper wing in the inoperative position but selectively operable by manipulation of said electrically conductive line to release said upper wing with resulting movement thereof into the operative position, and said auxiliary support member adapted to frictionally engage the cylindrical inner wall of a casing enclosing the upper part of the drill hole and thereby support the weight of the electri-cally conductive line and slide along the inner wall of the casing to maintain substantially unchanged the elevation of the upper end of the electrically conductive wire.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA265,070A CA1071708A (en) | 1976-11-04 | 1976-11-04 | Placement of an induced polarization electrode in a drill hole |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA265,070A CA1071708A (en) | 1976-11-04 | 1976-11-04 | Placement of an induced polarization electrode in a drill hole |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1071708A true CA1071708A (en) | 1980-02-12 |
Family
ID=4107216
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA265,070A Expired CA1071708A (en) | 1976-11-04 | 1976-11-04 | Placement of an induced polarization electrode in a drill hole |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1071708A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113728330A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2021-11-30 | 兰克森控股公司 | Biometric sensor module for chip cards and method for producing said module |
-
1976
- 1976-11-04 CA CA265,070A patent/CA1071708A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113728330A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2021-11-30 | 兰克森控股公司 | Biometric sensor module for chip cards and method for producing said module |
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