CA1071400A - Lining for a cup-shaped furnace bed - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract of the Disclosure A brick lining for a dish-shaped furnace is disclosed. The bed bricks are disposed in groups of parallel rows. The rows of adjacent groups extend horizontally at right angles to one another. The outermost bed bricks of each row are faced by abutment bricks. In said rows the outermost bed bricks terminate in a sloping abutment having the same angle of inclination in the case of each row.

Description

This invention relates to the lining of a dish-shaped furnace bed, in particular for ferro-alloy furnaces and steel converters, wherein bed bricks are disposed in groups of parallel rows, wherein the rows of adjacent groups extend horizontally at right angle to one another and wherein the outermost bed bricks of each row are faced by abutment bricks, onto which side wa]l bricks are placed.
A lining of this kind forms part of the art according to United States Patent 3,396,962, J. W. Smith et al, August 13, 1968. According to that patent, the rows of a bed layer are formed by transversely arched or vaulted bricks. This causes the outer bed bricks to extend at a different angle of incline, because-the lengths of the rows of bricks differ. The adjacent abutment bricks disposed in a plurality of layers will therefore be cut or hewn from rectangular bricks in order to fit in length and degree - of incline. This requires a substantial expenditure for fitting work. A
specific cutting of abutment bricks to fit the varying degree oE incline of the outermost bed bricks, however, results in relatively large joints in an area of the lining which is particularly stressed so that a penetration of molten metal may occur.
U.S. Patent 3,370,840 discloses the lining of a dish-shaped bed for an oxygen-steel converter, wherein the bed bricks are exclusively transversely arched bricks. In view of the different length of the rows, this results automatically in different angles of incline o~`-the outermost bottom brick in each row. Accordingly, in the transitory area between bottom and wall a number of bricks will have to be cut to fit. In horizontal extension, the abutment bricks of presumably rectangular cross-section which are used in this lining, share with the adjacent key bricks in the wall area merely one horizontal plane. There are no parallel surfaces between the rectangular abutment bricks and the wedge-shaped radial bricks. The abutment bricks can extend in parallel merely in one direction, namely one layer relative to another, whereas within each layer the bricks are displaced in accordance with the radius of the radial section thereabove. ~;~

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The object of the present invention is to be seen in the economic lining of a dish-shaped furnace bed, permitting the use oE but a few standardized shapes and si~es oE bricks, requiring little fitting work and eliminating critical joints between bed and side wall, in particular Erom the highly stressed area between the abutment bricks and the adjacent standard bed bricks.
This object has been achieved, in that in the rows of longitudinally tapered bricks are mixed with one another, or combined with rectangular bricks, in such a manner that all of the outermost standardized bed bricks which form the rows show a uniorm degree of incline of the abutment bricks. This permits an economic lining of a dish-shaped furnace bed by using not more than two or three standardized brick sizes and a specific abutment brick provided with a corresponding incline, requiring little fitting work at its square mitered corners.
Any danger of molten metal leaking through at the critical joints lr'~S ~r~ S' between the abutment ~t~n~ and the adjacent bed ~ n~s has been overcome, because according to our invention the bricks may be bedded with narrow joints.
The bricks required are abutment bricks of uniform size with a uniform incline on one surface. It is no longer necessary to fit any abutment brick to a specific incline. The abutment bricks are merely pushed against the abutment incline of a uniform degree formed by means of an appropriate mixture of either fully tapered bricks, or fully tapered bricks mixed with rectangular bricks. The abutment bricks should be displaced inwardly against the annular brickwork placed thereon, not outwardly. This prevents any recesses in the transitional area which might weaken the brickwork. The area between the outer edge of the abutment and the adjacent body of the wall is filled with a refractory mass which meets the requirements of wear and rigidity in this area.
The abutment bricks are uniform inter se and may either have the shape of an oblique rectangular prism, or of a square block having one bevelled side.

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Where the abutment bricks have the configuration of an oblique rectangle, they may be divided into equal-sized individual {~res. This may be desirable for reasons of weight.
In case the li-ni~ng comprises two bed layers disposed one atop the other, with the bed sh~re~ of earh layer being placed in parallel rows, slightly stepped against one another and extending in groups hori~ontally at right angles, the rows of the two bed layers disposed atop one another are advantageously interdisplaced by 50.
Further features, advantages and methods of use may be seen from the description of one embodiment, of the invention which is set forth herebelow with the aid of the enclosed drawings wherein:-Figure 1 is a cross-section of a lower corner area of a furnace with a bed lining according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-section along lines A A in Figure l;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of a detail of the bed lining according to the present invention; and Figure 4 is a further perspective view of a detail of the bed lining according to Figure 3, rotated by 90 .
The cup-shaped bed 1 comprises two layers 14 and 15. In these layers longitudinally tapered bricks 6 and 7 (preferably differing in degree of taper) are mixed with one another, and perhaps wi-th rectangular bricks 8, across two rows in such a manner that the outermost bed bricks 4 of the two rows 2 form a uniform abutment incline 9. In most cases, tapered bricks of one and the same taper will be required. The rows 2 extend in four sectioned groups 3 parallel to one another and the rows 2 of adjacent groups 3 extend horizontally at right angles. The rows 2 of the individual ; sectioned groups 3 meet in square mitred or parquet floor fashion. Each row 2, extending in the direction of the furnace, is made from longitudinal]y tapered bricks 6, 7 and (in case of larger size beds) of rectangular ~
8, of a group 3 and extends radially. The remaining rows 2 of the same group

3 extend parallel to the axial row 2 and are slightly stepped with respect to ~ one another (see Figures 3 and 4).

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The abutment bricks 5 are connected to the inclined abutments 9 by means of tight joints, because the abutment bricks 5 have a correspondingly inclined surface. The abutment bricks 5 in the illustrated case have for reasons of weight been divided into four equal-shaped individual bricks 51.
The abutment bricks 5 show in the illustrated embodiment an oblique rectangular prism. However, these ~ es may also have the shape of a square, bevelled on one surface according to the uniform incline of the abutment 9.
The bricks of the side wall 16 are placed on top the abutment bricks 5. The abutment bricks 5 require, in the individual rows 2, a parallel adjustment to one another only as far as the establishing of a tight joint with the outermost bed bricks 4 are concerned. The bed bricks

4 may be a longitudinally tapered brick 6 or 7 and in the area outside the mitered corner it may be rectangular brick 8.
Although it is not necessary to cut the abutment bricks 5 separately for forming the proper incline, a very tight joint is obtained.
Any displacement of the abutment bricks 5 should be located close to the perimeter of the furnace, in order that no cavities will be formed relative to the wall constructed thereabove. The space between abutment bricks 5 and the body of the wall lO is filled with a refractory mass 11. In the corner areas 12 between the outermost bed bricks 4 and the restricting abutment bricks 5 rectangu~ar bricks 13 are provided. In case these rectangular bricks require shortening, their fractured surfaces should be placed facing the refractory mass. It may be necessary in some cases to reduce, in the lower bed layer, the size of the abutment brick 5 at the inner upper corner 17. This, however, requires no great effort. The space between the two layers 14 and 15 of the bed is filled with a granular material.

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Claims (5)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A lining for a dish-shaped furnace bed, in particular for ferro-alloy furnaces and steel converters, wherein bed bricks are disposed in groups of parallel rows, wherein the rows of adjacent groups extend horizontally at right angles to one another and wherein the outermost bed bricks of each row are faced by abutment bricks, onto which sidewall bricks are placed, charac-terized in that in the said rows all of the outermost bed bricks terminate in a sloping abutment having the same angle of inclination in each row, and in that longitudinally tapered bricks are mixed with one another or combined with rectangular bricks.

2. A lining as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the abutment bricks are in the shape of oblique rectangular prisms.

3. A lining as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the abutment bricks are of square shape with the exception of one bevelled surface.

4. A lining as defined in claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that the abutment bricks are made from a plurality of bricks of equal size.

5. A lining as defined in claim 1, or 2, or 3, comprising two bed layers, one atop the other, wherein the bed bricks of each layer are disposed in parallel rows, slightly stepped against one another and groupwise extending horizontally at right angle to one another, characterized in that the rows of the two bed layers are mutually displaced by sixty degrees.