CA1071291A - Roller for fixing electrophotographic toner images and method of producing the same - Google Patents
Roller for fixing electrophotographic toner images and method of producing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1071291A CA1071291A CA237,789A CA237789A CA1071291A CA 1071291 A CA1071291 A CA 1071291A CA 237789 A CA237789 A CA 237789A CA 1071291 A CA1071291 A CA 1071291A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- silicon
- silicon oil
- silicon rubber
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure An image fixing roller having a comparatively long service life and tending to resist the so-called "offset phenomenon" in which portions of the toner image on one sheet adhere to the roller and are transferred onto the next sheet bearing a toner image. The roller has a radi-ally outer layer made of silicon rubber impregnated with silicon oil which is non-tacky, heat resistant and resilient and has hardness of 20 to 70, tear strength of 10 to 15 kg/cm and tensile strength of below 70 kg/cm2.
Description
~)71291 Background of the Ihvention The inuention relates to image fixing in electro-photography, and is specifically concerned wïth a roller for beat-fixing a toner image on a support sheet and method of producing the same.
The most efficient way of fi2ing a toner image is to heat the image by pressing the support sheet against a heating roller to thereby fix the image by fusion or melt adhesion. One disadvantage ,of such fixing is the so-called "offset phenomenon". This phenomenon occurs when the toner particles forming the image are rendered tacky by heating, and portions of th'e toner image adhere to the periphery of the heating roller~ and are thereby- transferred onto the successive sheet or sheets which come in contact with the roller. The cycle is repeated, and results in copies of poor quality.
Several means have been devised to preclude or reduce the effects of this offset phenomenon. For example, the radially outw'~rd surface of the rollers used for heat fixing of toner images has been made of materials which are very ~' hard. Silicon oil has been applied to the radially outward surface to provide a protective coating and to prolong the service life of the roller. However, when there is no silicon oil coating, or when there are discontinuities in the silicon oil coating, the radially outward surface of such rollers tends to deteriorate and their service life tends to be shortened because of the heat to which thé
rollers are exposed and because of the friction bétween the rollers and the toner image bearing sheets~
'Su'mmary of the InYention The object of the invention îs to provide a device for fixing electrophotographic toner images by means of ' ~ --1--16)71291 an imaye fixing roller having a comparatively long service life and tending to pre~ent the so-called offset phenomenon in which a portîon of the toner image on one sheet adheres to the roller and îs transferred onto a succeedîng sheet.
An image fixîng roller ~tilîzîng the invention comprises a radially outer layer made of a material, consist-ing of silicon rubber impregnated with silicon oil, which is non-tacky, heat resistant and resîl;ent and is characterized by rubber hardness of 20 to 70, tear strength of 10 to 15 kg/cm and tensile strength of below 70 kg/cm2. Ihe invention thus ingen-iously utilizes the fact that a roller having a layer of such material sh~s controlled surface deterioration when exposed to heat and friction, and wears away at the surface so as to renew its fixing surface as it is used for fixing toner images and to thus reduce the possibility of toner particles from a previous toner image transferred onto a successive sheet. The radially outer surface of a roller constructed according to the invention deteriorates when exposed to heat and to friction with the support sheets bearing toner images, and wears off readily so as to maintain a fresh fixing surface.
More particularly, there is provided: an image fixing roller for electrophotography comprising a core, a roll layer disposed around the core and made of silicon rubber which is impregnated with silicon oil, said roll layer being adapted to be heated for melting toner particles forming toner images and the outer peripheral surface of the roll layer tending to wear off when exposed to heat and frictî~on.
There i~ also provided: a method of producing an image fixing roller for electrophotography comprising the steps of setting a core in a mold, preparing a mixture of raw silicon rubber having a viscosity- of above 1000 cs, vulcanizing agent and silicon oil having a viscosity of beIow 1000 cs, înjecting ..
1~71291 the mixture into the mold and maintaining it at room temperature until the mixture solid;fies, and removing a thin layer of the outer surface of the molding.
Brief Descriptl~on of *he Drawing Fig. 1 is a sectional view of an image fixing device incorporating a roller constructed according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a magnifi`cation of a portion of Fig~
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a fixing roller constructed --according to the invention; and Fig. 4 is a g~aph showing variations of rubber hardness and tensile strength of silicon rubber against silicon oil contained therein.
Detailed Description Referring to Fig. 1, a support sheet 1 bearing a toner image A on its upper side is moved in the direction of the arrow B by suitable means (not shown). A fixing roller 2 is disposed above the path of travel of the support sheet 1, so that the radially outer peripheral surface of -the roller 2 is in direct contact with the toner image A and with the support sheet 1. The fixing roller 2 is supported by a coaxial tubular shaft 3, which is made of a material such as a metal and form the,core of the fixing roller 2. The tubular shaft 3 is suitably rotatably supported such that the roller 2 rotates in the direction of the arrow C. A
heat source 4 is disposed within the tubular shaft 3 to heat the roller 2. The heat source 4 comprises a coil,heater which is wound on a glass rod 5 disposed within the tubular shaft 3 and coaxial therewith. The tubular shaft 3 is surrounded -by a roll layer 6 which is made of a material having a special system which is prepared 1~n accordance with the invention. The material preferably îs silicon rubber wh;ch comprises network polymer and i-s lmpregnated with silicon oil, ~ 3 ~071291 the oil being in the form of so-called free oil. Such rubber is non-tacky, heat res;s-tant and resilient, has rubber hardness of 20 to 7a ~Japanese Industrial Standards), tear strength of 10 to 15 kg/cm and tensile strenyth of below 70 kg/cm .
A pressing roller 7 is di`sposed ïmmediately below the fixing roller 2 and is constructed in an identical manner.
The corresponding portion of the two rollers are identified by the same numerals, with the reference numerals of the pressing roller 7 being primed. The pressing roller 7 is suitably supported to rotate in the direction of the arrow D.
The rollers 2 and 7 are in pressing engagement with each other, and the support sheet 1 bearing the toner image A moves between the two rollers in the direction of the arrow B.
In operation, when the support sheet 1 bearing the toner image A on its upper side moves between the image fixing roller 2 and the pressing roller 7, the toner image A
is brought into direct contact with the radially outer peripheral surface of the roller 2, wh.ich is heated to a suitable temperature by means of the heat source 4. The toner particles forming the image A are fused, and the toner image A is fixed by melt adhesion to the support sheet 1. The rollers 2 and 7 press against each other with suitable force such that the pressure facilitates the fixing of the toner image A.
As the roller 2 is heated by means of the heat source 4, and as i.t engages the support sheet 1 frictionally by vi`.rtue of the deformation of the surface portions of roll layer 6 as apparently shown in Fi.g~ 2, the radially outer surface of the roll l~yer 6 tends to deteriorate and to wear away. Thl.s deterioration and ~earIng away is considered to be essentially effected by tearïng of the network polymer forming the silicon rubber, and helps prevent or at least reduce the offset phenomenon, b.ecause toner particles which may adhere to the surface of the fixing roller 2 are worn away together with the surface to w-hi`ch they have adhered and thus a new surface on the fïxing roller 2 together with silicon oil is presented for the next support sheet. It should be understood that the surface of the fixing roller does not wear away in the course of fix;ng while silicon oil is present at the surface ~ut starts wearing away only after the silicon oil that was present at the surface has been used up, and stops wearing away when a new surface having a sufficient concentration of silicon oil is presented. :
Experiments have been carried out by using a fixing roller constructed according to the invention and having a radially outer layer 6 made of silicon rubber having rubber hardness of 40. The results have shown that the radially outer surface of the roller keeps wearing away at the rate of 0.05 to 0.2 mm/10,000 sheets of B4 size (JIS) and the roller keeps contacting succes:sive toner image bearing sheets with a new surface.
Fig. 3 shows a fixing roller which is constructed taking into account of uneven consumption or tearing away of the layer surface thereof which would otherwise occur when two or more sizes of support sheets are used. me fixing roller 12 is adapted to use for supp`ort sheets of B4 and A4 sizes ~JI:S~ and comprises core shaft 13 and silicon rubber layer 16 in simï.lar manner to that of Fig. 1. The layer 16 h.as a slightly larger diameter portion, the axial length of wh.i.ch corresponds to the width of A4 size CJIS~, than th.at of the remaining end portions by, to say, 1 mm~
This construction helps prevent or at least reduce the uneven consumption of the layer surface by means of preliminary i~'; 5 1071~91 compensating it.
In the embodiment shown and described above, the heat source 4 is built in the tubular shaft 3, but it is to be understood that it ;s not essential to provide a fixing roller with a built-in heater, and that the radially outer layer of the image fi`xing roller 2 may be heated by other means, such as from outside the fl~xing roller 2. It is also to be understood that the temperature of the roll layer 6, and particularly- the temperature of its radially outer surface, may be increased to a temperature higher than that necessary for fixing, so that the radially outer surface of the layer 6 becomes even more fragile and wears away even more readily, and that it is possible in this manner to control the rate at which the rad;ally outer surface of the layer 6 wears away.
Proceeding to show a method of making the image fixing roller described above, there is provided first a discussion of some problems in forming a silicon rubber layer on the surface of a backing (core) of metal or the like.
One of such problem arises when spraying the backing surface wi.th a mixture of raw silicon rubber used as a base, vulcanizing agent, filler and solvent, such as toluene, and then heating the mixture on the backing surface at about 150C in order to remove the solvent. The silicon rubber thus formed, however, is of no use for the present invention because of its undesirably high rubber hardness, tear strength. and tensile strength above 30, Cabove 15 kg/cm, and 5Q to 70 kg~cm2, respectively-~.
Another problem arises when a mixture similar to the above but without solvent is molded by injection molding and then maintaïned at room temperature for 3 to 24 hours.
The resultant layer is also of no use because its properties ~0712''~1 are similar to those of the silicon rubber discussed immediately above. In addition, it should be noted that case-hardening is found at the outer surface of the layer, resulting from a well-known interface reaction.
The present invention pro~ides the use of silicon oil having a low viscosity, e.g., below 1000 cs, preferably below 20Q cs for mitigating crosslinking of raw silicon rubber or silicon oil of above 1000 cs, preferably above 2000 cs so that the resultant silicon rubber presents such properties as required. Fig. 4 shows variations of these properties against silicon oil content. The mixture thus containing the silicon oil of low viscosity may be molded by injection molding and then maintained at room temperature for several hours, the number of hours dependent on the ~-amount of catalyst that is used. me shell-formed on the periphery of the silicon rubber layer by the case-hardening discussed above may be removed by means of grinding. Proceed-ing to molding, the core surface is preferably coated with a primer, such as silicon varnish, silane co~pling or silicon rubber in view of the poor adhesiveness between silicon rubber and the core material which may be metal or the like.
The following show usable materials for the base and catalyst, usable range of low viscosity silicon oil content and properties of silicon rubber thus obtained.
Materials Base: dimethyl-poly-siloxane, methylvi`nyl-polysiloxane, phenyl-poly-siloxane, and phIoro-polysiloxane Catalyst: dibutyl-tin-dilaurate, dibutyl-tîn-diacetate, C
.
: : : . ., ' .. , ', ` 1071Z9~
tin octanate, and lead octanate Silicon oil content:
4 to 40 w%, preferably 20 to 30 w%
Properties: (preferred) Rubber hardness: 15 to 50 ~JIS2 35 + 5 Tear strength: 10 to 15 kg/cm below 15 kg/cm Tensile strength: 20 to 50 kg/cm about 25 kg/cm ~ç
-
The most efficient way of fi2ing a toner image is to heat the image by pressing the support sheet against a heating roller to thereby fix the image by fusion or melt adhesion. One disadvantage ,of such fixing is the so-called "offset phenomenon". This phenomenon occurs when the toner particles forming the image are rendered tacky by heating, and portions of th'e toner image adhere to the periphery of the heating roller~ and are thereby- transferred onto the successive sheet or sheets which come in contact with the roller. The cycle is repeated, and results in copies of poor quality.
Several means have been devised to preclude or reduce the effects of this offset phenomenon. For example, the radially outw'~rd surface of the rollers used for heat fixing of toner images has been made of materials which are very ~' hard. Silicon oil has been applied to the radially outward surface to provide a protective coating and to prolong the service life of the roller. However, when there is no silicon oil coating, or when there are discontinuities in the silicon oil coating, the radially outward surface of such rollers tends to deteriorate and their service life tends to be shortened because of the heat to which thé
rollers are exposed and because of the friction bétween the rollers and the toner image bearing sheets~
'Su'mmary of the InYention The object of the invention îs to provide a device for fixing electrophotographic toner images by means of ' ~ --1--16)71291 an imaye fixing roller having a comparatively long service life and tending to pre~ent the so-called offset phenomenon in which a portîon of the toner image on one sheet adheres to the roller and îs transferred onto a succeedîng sheet.
An image fixîng roller ~tilîzîng the invention comprises a radially outer layer made of a material, consist-ing of silicon rubber impregnated with silicon oil, which is non-tacky, heat resistant and resîl;ent and is characterized by rubber hardness of 20 to 70, tear strength of 10 to 15 kg/cm and tensile strength of below 70 kg/cm2. Ihe invention thus ingen-iously utilizes the fact that a roller having a layer of such material sh~s controlled surface deterioration when exposed to heat and friction, and wears away at the surface so as to renew its fixing surface as it is used for fixing toner images and to thus reduce the possibility of toner particles from a previous toner image transferred onto a successive sheet. The radially outer surface of a roller constructed according to the invention deteriorates when exposed to heat and to friction with the support sheets bearing toner images, and wears off readily so as to maintain a fresh fixing surface.
More particularly, there is provided: an image fixing roller for electrophotography comprising a core, a roll layer disposed around the core and made of silicon rubber which is impregnated with silicon oil, said roll layer being adapted to be heated for melting toner particles forming toner images and the outer peripheral surface of the roll layer tending to wear off when exposed to heat and frictî~on.
There i~ also provided: a method of producing an image fixing roller for electrophotography comprising the steps of setting a core in a mold, preparing a mixture of raw silicon rubber having a viscosity- of above 1000 cs, vulcanizing agent and silicon oil having a viscosity of beIow 1000 cs, înjecting ..
1~71291 the mixture into the mold and maintaining it at room temperature until the mixture solid;fies, and removing a thin layer of the outer surface of the molding.
Brief Descriptl~on of *he Drawing Fig. 1 is a sectional view of an image fixing device incorporating a roller constructed according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a magnifi`cation of a portion of Fig~
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a fixing roller constructed --according to the invention; and Fig. 4 is a g~aph showing variations of rubber hardness and tensile strength of silicon rubber against silicon oil contained therein.
Detailed Description Referring to Fig. 1, a support sheet 1 bearing a toner image A on its upper side is moved in the direction of the arrow B by suitable means (not shown). A fixing roller 2 is disposed above the path of travel of the support sheet 1, so that the radially outer peripheral surface of -the roller 2 is in direct contact with the toner image A and with the support sheet 1. The fixing roller 2 is supported by a coaxial tubular shaft 3, which is made of a material such as a metal and form the,core of the fixing roller 2. The tubular shaft 3 is suitably rotatably supported such that the roller 2 rotates in the direction of the arrow C. A
heat source 4 is disposed within the tubular shaft 3 to heat the roller 2. The heat source 4 comprises a coil,heater which is wound on a glass rod 5 disposed within the tubular shaft 3 and coaxial therewith. The tubular shaft 3 is surrounded -by a roll layer 6 which is made of a material having a special system which is prepared 1~n accordance with the invention. The material preferably îs silicon rubber wh;ch comprises network polymer and i-s lmpregnated with silicon oil, ~ 3 ~071291 the oil being in the form of so-called free oil. Such rubber is non-tacky, heat res;s-tant and resilient, has rubber hardness of 20 to 7a ~Japanese Industrial Standards), tear strength of 10 to 15 kg/cm and tensile strenyth of below 70 kg/cm .
A pressing roller 7 is di`sposed ïmmediately below the fixing roller 2 and is constructed in an identical manner.
The corresponding portion of the two rollers are identified by the same numerals, with the reference numerals of the pressing roller 7 being primed. The pressing roller 7 is suitably supported to rotate in the direction of the arrow D.
The rollers 2 and 7 are in pressing engagement with each other, and the support sheet 1 bearing the toner image A moves between the two rollers in the direction of the arrow B.
In operation, when the support sheet 1 bearing the toner image A on its upper side moves between the image fixing roller 2 and the pressing roller 7, the toner image A
is brought into direct contact with the radially outer peripheral surface of the roller 2, wh.ich is heated to a suitable temperature by means of the heat source 4. The toner particles forming the image A are fused, and the toner image A is fixed by melt adhesion to the support sheet 1. The rollers 2 and 7 press against each other with suitable force such that the pressure facilitates the fixing of the toner image A.
As the roller 2 is heated by means of the heat source 4, and as i.t engages the support sheet 1 frictionally by vi`.rtue of the deformation of the surface portions of roll layer 6 as apparently shown in Fi.g~ 2, the radially outer surface of the roll l~yer 6 tends to deteriorate and to wear away. Thl.s deterioration and ~earIng away is considered to be essentially effected by tearïng of the network polymer forming the silicon rubber, and helps prevent or at least reduce the offset phenomenon, b.ecause toner particles which may adhere to the surface of the fixing roller 2 are worn away together with the surface to w-hi`ch they have adhered and thus a new surface on the fïxing roller 2 together with silicon oil is presented for the next support sheet. It should be understood that the surface of the fixing roller does not wear away in the course of fix;ng while silicon oil is present at the surface ~ut starts wearing away only after the silicon oil that was present at the surface has been used up, and stops wearing away when a new surface having a sufficient concentration of silicon oil is presented. :
Experiments have been carried out by using a fixing roller constructed according to the invention and having a radially outer layer 6 made of silicon rubber having rubber hardness of 40. The results have shown that the radially outer surface of the roller keeps wearing away at the rate of 0.05 to 0.2 mm/10,000 sheets of B4 size (JIS) and the roller keeps contacting succes:sive toner image bearing sheets with a new surface.
Fig. 3 shows a fixing roller which is constructed taking into account of uneven consumption or tearing away of the layer surface thereof which would otherwise occur when two or more sizes of support sheets are used. me fixing roller 12 is adapted to use for supp`ort sheets of B4 and A4 sizes ~JI:S~ and comprises core shaft 13 and silicon rubber layer 16 in simï.lar manner to that of Fig. 1. The layer 16 h.as a slightly larger diameter portion, the axial length of wh.i.ch corresponds to the width of A4 size CJIS~, than th.at of the remaining end portions by, to say, 1 mm~
This construction helps prevent or at least reduce the uneven consumption of the layer surface by means of preliminary i~'; 5 1071~91 compensating it.
In the embodiment shown and described above, the heat source 4 is built in the tubular shaft 3, but it is to be understood that it ;s not essential to provide a fixing roller with a built-in heater, and that the radially outer layer of the image fi`xing roller 2 may be heated by other means, such as from outside the fl~xing roller 2. It is also to be understood that the temperature of the roll layer 6, and particularly- the temperature of its radially outer surface, may be increased to a temperature higher than that necessary for fixing, so that the radially outer surface of the layer 6 becomes even more fragile and wears away even more readily, and that it is possible in this manner to control the rate at which the rad;ally outer surface of the layer 6 wears away.
Proceeding to show a method of making the image fixing roller described above, there is provided first a discussion of some problems in forming a silicon rubber layer on the surface of a backing (core) of metal or the like.
One of such problem arises when spraying the backing surface wi.th a mixture of raw silicon rubber used as a base, vulcanizing agent, filler and solvent, such as toluene, and then heating the mixture on the backing surface at about 150C in order to remove the solvent. The silicon rubber thus formed, however, is of no use for the present invention because of its undesirably high rubber hardness, tear strength. and tensile strength above 30, Cabove 15 kg/cm, and 5Q to 70 kg~cm2, respectively-~.
Another problem arises when a mixture similar to the above but without solvent is molded by injection molding and then maintaïned at room temperature for 3 to 24 hours.
The resultant layer is also of no use because its properties ~0712''~1 are similar to those of the silicon rubber discussed immediately above. In addition, it should be noted that case-hardening is found at the outer surface of the layer, resulting from a well-known interface reaction.
The present invention pro~ides the use of silicon oil having a low viscosity, e.g., below 1000 cs, preferably below 20Q cs for mitigating crosslinking of raw silicon rubber or silicon oil of above 1000 cs, preferably above 2000 cs so that the resultant silicon rubber presents such properties as required. Fig. 4 shows variations of these properties against silicon oil content. The mixture thus containing the silicon oil of low viscosity may be molded by injection molding and then maintained at room temperature for several hours, the number of hours dependent on the ~-amount of catalyst that is used. me shell-formed on the periphery of the silicon rubber layer by the case-hardening discussed above may be removed by means of grinding. Proceed-ing to molding, the core surface is preferably coated with a primer, such as silicon varnish, silane co~pling or silicon rubber in view of the poor adhesiveness between silicon rubber and the core material which may be metal or the like.
The following show usable materials for the base and catalyst, usable range of low viscosity silicon oil content and properties of silicon rubber thus obtained.
Materials Base: dimethyl-poly-siloxane, methylvi`nyl-polysiloxane, phenyl-poly-siloxane, and phIoro-polysiloxane Catalyst: dibutyl-tin-dilaurate, dibutyl-tîn-diacetate, C
.
: : : . ., ' .. , ', ` 1071Z9~
tin octanate, and lead octanate Silicon oil content:
4 to 40 w%, preferably 20 to 30 w%
Properties: (preferred) Rubber hardness: 15 to 50 ~JIS2 35 + 5 Tear strength: 10 to 15 kg/cm below 15 kg/cm Tensile strength: 20 to 50 kg/cm about 25 kg/cm ~ç
-
Claims (13)
1. An image fixing roller for electrophotography comprising a core, a roll layer disposed around the core and made of silicon rubber which is impregnated with silicon oil, said roll layer being adapted to be heated for melting toner particles forming toner images and the outer peripheral surface of the roll layer tending to wear off when exposed to heat and friction.
2. An image fixing roller according to claim 1 wherein said roll layer has a rubber hardness of 20 to 70, a tear strength of 10 to 15 kg/cm and a tensile strength of below 70 kg/cm2.
3. A device for fixing electrophotographic toner images comprising a roller having a cylindrical circumferential surface made of silicon rubber impregnated with silicon oil and having low tear and strength and tending to wear off when exposed to heat and friction, and means for heating said surface.
4. A device as in claim 3 wherein said silicon rubber has rubber hardness in the range of 20 to 70, tear strength of 10 to 15 kg/cm and tensile strength below 70 kg/cm2.
5. A device as in claim 3 wherein said heating means comprises a cylindrical heat source disposed within said roller coaxially therewith.
6. A method of producing an image fixing roller for electrophotography comprising the steps of setting a core in a mold, preparing a mixture of raw silicon rubber having a viscosity of above 1000 cs, vulcanizing agent and silicon oil having a viscosity of below 1000 cs, injecting the mixture into the mold and maintaining it at room temperature until the mixture solidifies, and removing a thin layer of the outer surface of the molding.
7. A method as in claim 6 wherein said removing comprises grinding.
8. A method as in claim 6 wherein content of said silicon oil in said mixture is 20 to 30 w%.
9. A method of making an image-fixing roller for electrophotography comprising the steps of:
providing a tubular core and molding thereon an outer layer of silicon rubber comprising a silicon compound selected from the group consisting of dimethyl-polysiloxane, methylvinyl-polysiloxane and phloro-polysiloxane.
providing a tubular core and molding thereon an outer layer of silicon rubber comprising a silicon compound selected from the group consisting of dimethyl-polysiloxane, methylvinyl-polysiloxane and phloro-polysiloxane.
10. A method as in claim 9 wherein the molding step includes adding to the silicon rubber a catalyst selected from the group consisting of dibutyl-tin-dilaurate, dibutyl-tin-diacetate, tin-oxtinate and lead octinate.
11. A method as in claim 10 wherein the molding step includes mixing said silicon compound, silicon oil and catalyst, placing the resulting mixture into a mold enclosing said tubular shaft and curing at room temperature for a period of time of the order of hours.
12. A method as in claim 9 wherein the molding step includes molding an outer layer having 4% to 40% by weight silicon oil uniformly distributed therein.
13. A method as in claim 9 wherein the molding step includes molding an outer layer having 20% to 30% by weight silicon oil uniformly distributed therein.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/556,289 US4019024A (en) | 1972-03-29 | 1975-03-07 | Roller for fixing electrophotographic toner images and method of producing the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1071291A true CA1071291A (en) | 1980-02-05 |
Family
ID=24220710
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA237,789A Expired CA1071291A (en) | 1975-03-07 | 1975-10-16 | Roller for fixing electrophotographic toner images and method of producing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1071291A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5674020A (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 1997-10-07 | Nichias Corporation | Coating fluid holding member and oil coating roller using the same |
| US5800745A (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1998-09-01 | Nichias Corporation | Oil holding cylinder for an oil coating roller and method therefor |
-
1975
- 1975-10-16 CA CA237,789A patent/CA1071291A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5800745A (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1998-09-01 | Nichias Corporation | Oil holding cylinder for an oil coating roller and method therefor |
| US5674020A (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 1997-10-07 | Nichias Corporation | Coating fluid holding member and oil coating roller using the same |
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| MKEX | Expiry |