CA1069986A - Machine for welding seams in automotive wheel rim blanks - Google Patents
Machine for welding seams in automotive wheel rim blanksInfo
- Publication number
- CA1069986A CA1069986A CA284,386A CA284386A CA1069986A CA 1069986 A CA1069986 A CA 1069986A CA 284386 A CA284386 A CA 284386A CA 1069986 A CA1069986 A CA 1069986A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- clamping
- clamping members
- blank
- rim blank
- rim
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/08—Seam welding not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups
- B23K11/087—Seam welding not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups for rectilinear seams
- B23K11/0873—Seam welding not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups for rectilinear seams of the longitudinal seam of tubes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract Of The Disclosure A welding machine for welding the longitudinal seams in wheel rim blanks which have been rolled into cylinders with the longitudinal edges of each blank forming a longitudinal gap includes a pair of clamping assemblies each having an inside member and an outside member for engaging the inner and outer surfaces, respectively, of the rim blank adjacent the longitudinal edges thereof on opposite sides of the longitudinal gap so as to align the longitudinal edges with each other. At least one of the clamping assemblies is movable relative to the other clamping assembly in a direction transverse to the longitudinal gap so as to permit the longitudinal edges of the rim blank to be pressed against each other while the blank is clamped on both sides of the gap.
The longitudinal edges of the blank are pressed together in the transverse direction to close the gap and hold the long-itudinal edges together during the welding thereof. An electric welding current is passed transversely through the longitudinal edges of the blank while continuously pressing the edges together and while continuously clamping the rim blank on both sides of the gap to maintain the edges in align-ment with each other. The outside clamping members extend continuously along the full length of the rim blank, and the electric welding current is supplied to the rim blank through the outside clamping members so that the welding current flows perpendicularly through the weld line. The welding current is preferably d-c. Both the inner and outer clamping members of at least one of the clamping assemblies are supported on bearing means to permit sliding movement of these clamping members on the bearing means without any relative movement between the clamping members and the rim blank clamped therebetween, thereby providing a long wearing life. The rim blanks are conveyed through the weld station on an elongated horn which is susceptible to vertical deflection; in certain embodiments of the invention the inside clamping members are split horizontally and provided with biasing elements between the upper and lower segments for urging the upper segments of the inside clamping members upwardly against the rim blank and toward the outside clamping members to maintain a uniform pressure on the underside of the rim blank in the event of vertical deflection of the supporting horn. The biasing elements may be mechanical springs or hydraulic pistons.
-1a-
The longitudinal edges of the blank are pressed together in the transverse direction to close the gap and hold the long-itudinal edges together during the welding thereof. An electric welding current is passed transversely through the longitudinal edges of the blank while continuously pressing the edges together and while continuously clamping the rim blank on both sides of the gap to maintain the edges in align-ment with each other. The outside clamping members extend continuously along the full length of the rim blank, and the electric welding current is supplied to the rim blank through the outside clamping members so that the welding current flows perpendicularly through the weld line. The welding current is preferably d-c. Both the inner and outer clamping members of at least one of the clamping assemblies are supported on bearing means to permit sliding movement of these clamping members on the bearing means without any relative movement between the clamping members and the rim blank clamped therebetween, thereby providing a long wearing life. The rim blanks are conveyed through the weld station on an elongated horn which is susceptible to vertical deflection; in certain embodiments of the invention the inside clamping members are split horizontally and provided with biasing elements between the upper and lower segments for urging the upper segments of the inside clamping members upwardly against the rim blank and toward the outside clamping members to maintain a uniform pressure on the underside of the rim blank in the event of vertical deflection of the supporting horn. The biasing elements may be mechanical springs or hydraulic pistons.
-1a-
Description
~99~i Description Of_The Invention The present invention relates generally to welding machines and, more particularly, to machines for welding the longitudinal seams in automotive wheel rim blanks~
It is a principal object of the present invention to provide an improved welding machine for welding the longi-tudinal seams in automotive wheel blanks, which machine facilitates orientation of the rim blanks with the welding tools, thereby ensuring a high degree of reliability in the production o~ satisfactory welds over a large number of rim blanks.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved welding machine of the oregoing type which consis~ntly produces high quality welds.
It is a further object of the invention to provide such an improved welding machine in which the only sliding movement of the tooling occurs on bearings, with no sliding mo~ement between the tooling and the rim blanks, thereby providing a long wearing life for the tooling.
Still another object of the invention is to pxovide such an improved welding machine which ensures reliable input of the welding current to the weld 20ne of the rim blank.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide such an improved welding machine which permits the use of d-c.
welding current to form the desired welds at fast production rates.
A still further object of the invention is to provide such an impro~ed welding machine which is capable of welding the longitudinal seams in the rim blanks while the blanks are supported on an elongated horn extending through a series of ,
It is a principal object of the present invention to provide an improved welding machine for welding the longi-tudinal seams in automotive wheel blanks, which machine facilitates orientation of the rim blanks with the welding tools, thereby ensuring a high degree of reliability in the production o~ satisfactory welds over a large number of rim blanks.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved welding machine of the oregoing type which consis~ntly produces high quality welds.
It is a further object of the invention to provide such an improved welding machine in which the only sliding movement of the tooling occurs on bearings, with no sliding mo~ement between the tooling and the rim blanks, thereby providing a long wearing life for the tooling.
Still another object of the invention is to pxovide such an improved welding machine which ensures reliable input of the welding current to the weld 20ne of the rim blank.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide such an improved welding machine which permits the use of d-c.
welding current to form the desired welds at fast production rates.
A still further object of the invention is to provide such an impro~ed welding machine which is capable of welding the longitudinal seams in the rim blanks while the blanks are supported on an elongated horn extending through a series of ,
-2-86~
, ~ork stations. In this connection, a related object of the invention is to provide such a welding machine which avoids non-uniform welding current distribution throughout the weld area of the wheel rim blanks during the welding operation, even when the supporting horn bends.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed d~scription and the accompanying drawings.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a welding machine for welding the longitudinal seams in wheel rim blanks which have been rolled into cylinders with the longitudinal edges of each blank forming the weld zone for said longitudinal seam, said machine comprising the combination of a pair of clamping assemblies each including an inside member and an outside member for engaging the inner and outer surfaces, respectively, of the rim blank adjacent the longitudinal edges thereof on opposite sides of said weld zone so as to align said longitudinal edges with each other, at least one of said clamping assemblies being movable relative to the othex clamping assembly in a direction transverse to said weld zone so as to permit the longitudinal edges of the rim blank to be pressed against each other while the blank is clamped on both sides of said weld zone, means for urging said inside and outside members of -said clamplng assemblies against the respective inner and outer surfaces of the rim blank, said movable clamping assembly including bearing means supporting both the inner and outer clamping members to permit sliding movement of said clamping members on said bearing means without any relative movement between said clamping members and the rim blank clamped there-between, .... .. .
, . .,, ~
~ ` ~g~
means independent of said clamping assemblies forengaging the outside surface of the rim blank on opposite sides of said weld zone and pressing the longitudinal edges of the rim blank together in the transverse direction to press said longitudinal edges of the rim blanX together during the welding thereof, and means for passing an electric welding current through said clamping assemblies and transversely through the longitudinal edges of the rim blank to effect the welding of said lon.gitudinal edges while said edges are continuously pressed together and while the rim blank ~.
is continuously clamped on both sides of said weld zone to maintain said edges in alignment with each other. .
In the drawings: .-FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a wheel rim blank forming system including a welding machine embodying -the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged section taken along line 2-2 in FIC-URE 1, showing the positions of the various tools just after a rim blank ~irst enters the welding machine;
- FIG. 3 is the same sectional view shown in FIG. 2 ~ . .
but showing the tools in the positions occupied during a , .
welding operation;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the weld zone and the tooling associated therewith in the posltions .
illustrated in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a section taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 4;
FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c are side elevation views :~
illustrating the relative positions of the rim blank, the clamping assemblies and the supporting horn in the welding station (1) with the horn in a perfectly horizontal position :.
without any bend (FIG. 6a), (2) with the supporting horn :
subjected to an exaggerated longitudinal bend without any means _4_ ;~5' ' ~
~0699i!36 ~E compensating for the bend ~Fig. 6b), and (3) with the horn subjected to an exaggerated longitudinal bend with biasing means provided in the clamping assemblies to compensate for the bend.
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of the inside clamping ~ :~
members provided with one paxticular embodiment of the compensating biasing means illustrated in FIG. 6c;
' '.
.
-4(a)-:~1, , ",, ,,,, "
~;9~
FIGD 8 is an enlarged section taken generally along line ~-8 in FIG. 7, showing one of the biasing means in an expanded position;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged section taken generally along line 9-9 in FIG. 7 showing both biasing means in their compressed positions;
FIG. 10 is a section similar to FIG. 9 but showing an alternati~e embodiment o~ the compensating biasing means; and FIG. 11 is a section taken generally along line 11-11 in FIG. 10.
Although the invention will be described in connection with a certain preferred embodiment, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to that particular embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives~ modifications, and equivalents that may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Turning now to the drawings and referring ~irst to FIGURE 1, there is shown a completely automatic machine for converting flat metal blanks 10 into cylindrical rim blanks 11 having longitudinal welded seams where the edges of the flat blanks are brought together to form the cylinder. The flat blanks 10 that are ~ed into the machine are pre-cut to exactly the size required to form rim blanks having a preselected diameter and axial length. The flat blanks 10 are fed into the machi.le aiong a reed table 1~ leading into a coiling station A
where the flat blank 10 is coiled to form a cylindrical blank lla.
As described in more detail in the assignee's Hess et al. U.S. Patent No. 3,934,324, issued January 27, 1976 or "Method And Apparatus For Forming Automotive Wheel Rim Blanks", the coiling station A includes a conventional pyramid type ,~ .. . .. . .
:, , ; :: :
38q~i coiling arrangement comprising three primary rolls 13, 14 and 15 working on the blank. The two upper rolls 13 and 14 press the incoming blank 10 downwardly against the lower roll 15 with the bottom surface of the second upper roll 15 extending below the level of the feed tabl~ 12 so that it bends or coils the metal blank downwardly around the lower roll 15. Thi~ coiling action is continued until the leading edge 16 o~ the blank engages a stop on the inboard edge of the feed table 12, thereby forming a cylindrical rim blank lla with an open longitudinal gap between the two longitudinal edges of the blank.
An end conditioning press B is located adjacent the coiling station A so that the coiled blanks lla can be trans-ferred directly from the coiling station to the press in the direction of the axis of the coiled blanks. The purpose of the end conditioning press is ~o make the longitudinal edge portions of the coiled blank symmetrical and bring them into precise alignment with each other to ensure the production of a good weld seam. An inherent result of the coiling operation is the production of asymmetrical longitudinal ~dge portions, i.e., a slight bend or kink is formed near the leading edge of the blank, and the trailing end has an increasing radius of curvature. The end conditioning press removes these irregular-ities and produces perfectly symmetrical longitudinal edge portions so as to facilitate the subsequent welding and finishing thereof.
The particular end conditioning press to be described herein is designed to flatten the longitudinal edge portions of the coiled ~lank, bu~ it ~.^?ill be understood that the press could ba designed to form other symmetrical shapes compatible with the particular welding and finishing equipment employed. The details of the illustrative end conditioning press are described in more detail in the aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 3,934,324.
: , 9~3~
After a blank has been end conditioned by the press B~ the blank is again transferred in the direction of its axis to an adjacent welding station C where the longitudinal edge portions of the coiled blank are butt welded. The unloading of the coil~d blanks from the coiling station A, the loading and unloading of blanks to and rom the end conditioning press B, and the loading and unloading of the welding station C are all effected simultaneously by an automatic transfer mechanism 20 which grips the bottom portions of the three coiled ~lanks simultaneously and transfers them from one station to tha next.
~he blanks are continuously supported by an elongated support horn 21 which extends continuously from the coiling station A
through the end conditioning press B and the welding station C.
The transfer mechanism 20 is also clescribed in detail in the aorementioned U.S. Patent No~ 3,934,324. Basically, the tra~sfer mechanism comprises three sets of clamps 22 r 23 and 24 which grip opposite ends of the coiled blanks at the coiling station A, the end conditioning pre~ss B, and the welding station C~ respectively, and a shuttle 25 which moves the three sets of jaws back and forth between the respective work stations.
The transfer mechanism 20 i5 also adjustable in both the long-itudinal and vertical directions to accommodate blanks o~
different axial lengths and/or different diameters.
In order to align the rim hlanks lla with the tooling in the welding station C as the blanks enter that station a gap bar 30 enters the longitudinal gap at the top of each rim blank lla (see FIG. 2). After the rim blank has come to rest in the weld station, the gap bar 30 is retracted . .
~6~86 vertically from the rim blank and elevated a slight distance above the top surface of the blank, as illustrated in FIGS.
, ~ork stations. In this connection, a related object of the invention is to provide such a welding machine which avoids non-uniform welding current distribution throughout the weld area of the wheel rim blanks during the welding operation, even when the supporting horn bends.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed d~scription and the accompanying drawings.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a welding machine for welding the longitudinal seams in wheel rim blanks which have been rolled into cylinders with the longitudinal edges of each blank forming the weld zone for said longitudinal seam, said machine comprising the combination of a pair of clamping assemblies each including an inside member and an outside member for engaging the inner and outer surfaces, respectively, of the rim blank adjacent the longitudinal edges thereof on opposite sides of said weld zone so as to align said longitudinal edges with each other, at least one of said clamping assemblies being movable relative to the othex clamping assembly in a direction transverse to said weld zone so as to permit the longitudinal edges of the rim blank to be pressed against each other while the blank is clamped on both sides of said weld zone, means for urging said inside and outside members of -said clamplng assemblies against the respective inner and outer surfaces of the rim blank, said movable clamping assembly including bearing means supporting both the inner and outer clamping members to permit sliding movement of said clamping members on said bearing means without any relative movement between said clamping members and the rim blank clamped there-between, .... .. .
, . .,, ~
~ ` ~g~
means independent of said clamping assemblies forengaging the outside surface of the rim blank on opposite sides of said weld zone and pressing the longitudinal edges of the rim blank together in the transverse direction to press said longitudinal edges of the rim blanX together during the welding thereof, and means for passing an electric welding current through said clamping assemblies and transversely through the longitudinal edges of the rim blank to effect the welding of said lon.gitudinal edges while said edges are continuously pressed together and while the rim blank ~.
is continuously clamped on both sides of said weld zone to maintain said edges in alignment with each other. .
In the drawings: .-FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a wheel rim blank forming system including a welding machine embodying -the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged section taken along line 2-2 in FIC-URE 1, showing the positions of the various tools just after a rim blank ~irst enters the welding machine;
- FIG. 3 is the same sectional view shown in FIG. 2 ~ . .
but showing the tools in the positions occupied during a , .
welding operation;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the weld zone and the tooling associated therewith in the posltions .
illustrated in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a section taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 4;
FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c are side elevation views :~
illustrating the relative positions of the rim blank, the clamping assemblies and the supporting horn in the welding station (1) with the horn in a perfectly horizontal position :.
without any bend (FIG. 6a), (2) with the supporting horn :
subjected to an exaggerated longitudinal bend without any means _4_ ;~5' ' ~
~0699i!36 ~E compensating for the bend ~Fig. 6b), and (3) with the horn subjected to an exaggerated longitudinal bend with biasing means provided in the clamping assemblies to compensate for the bend.
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of the inside clamping ~ :~
members provided with one paxticular embodiment of the compensating biasing means illustrated in FIG. 6c;
' '.
.
-4(a)-:~1, , ",, ,,,, "
~;9~
FIGD 8 is an enlarged section taken generally along line ~-8 in FIG. 7, showing one of the biasing means in an expanded position;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged section taken generally along line 9-9 in FIG. 7 showing both biasing means in their compressed positions;
FIG. 10 is a section similar to FIG. 9 but showing an alternati~e embodiment o~ the compensating biasing means; and FIG. 11 is a section taken generally along line 11-11 in FIG. 10.
Although the invention will be described in connection with a certain preferred embodiment, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to that particular embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives~ modifications, and equivalents that may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Turning now to the drawings and referring ~irst to FIGURE 1, there is shown a completely automatic machine for converting flat metal blanks 10 into cylindrical rim blanks 11 having longitudinal welded seams where the edges of the flat blanks are brought together to form the cylinder. The flat blanks 10 that are ~ed into the machine are pre-cut to exactly the size required to form rim blanks having a preselected diameter and axial length. The flat blanks 10 are fed into the machi.le aiong a reed table 1~ leading into a coiling station A
where the flat blank 10 is coiled to form a cylindrical blank lla.
As described in more detail in the assignee's Hess et al. U.S. Patent No. 3,934,324, issued January 27, 1976 or "Method And Apparatus For Forming Automotive Wheel Rim Blanks", the coiling station A includes a conventional pyramid type ,~ .. . .. . .
:, , ; :: :
38q~i coiling arrangement comprising three primary rolls 13, 14 and 15 working on the blank. The two upper rolls 13 and 14 press the incoming blank 10 downwardly against the lower roll 15 with the bottom surface of the second upper roll 15 extending below the level of the feed tabl~ 12 so that it bends or coils the metal blank downwardly around the lower roll 15. Thi~ coiling action is continued until the leading edge 16 o~ the blank engages a stop on the inboard edge of the feed table 12, thereby forming a cylindrical rim blank lla with an open longitudinal gap between the two longitudinal edges of the blank.
An end conditioning press B is located adjacent the coiling station A so that the coiled blanks lla can be trans-ferred directly from the coiling station to the press in the direction of the axis of the coiled blanks. The purpose of the end conditioning press is ~o make the longitudinal edge portions of the coiled blank symmetrical and bring them into precise alignment with each other to ensure the production of a good weld seam. An inherent result of the coiling operation is the production of asymmetrical longitudinal ~dge portions, i.e., a slight bend or kink is formed near the leading edge of the blank, and the trailing end has an increasing radius of curvature. The end conditioning press removes these irregular-ities and produces perfectly symmetrical longitudinal edge portions so as to facilitate the subsequent welding and finishing thereof.
The particular end conditioning press to be described herein is designed to flatten the longitudinal edge portions of the coiled ~lank, bu~ it ~.^?ill be understood that the press could ba designed to form other symmetrical shapes compatible with the particular welding and finishing equipment employed. The details of the illustrative end conditioning press are described in more detail in the aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 3,934,324.
: , 9~3~
After a blank has been end conditioned by the press B~ the blank is again transferred in the direction of its axis to an adjacent welding station C where the longitudinal edge portions of the coiled blank are butt welded. The unloading of the coil~d blanks from the coiling station A, the loading and unloading of blanks to and rom the end conditioning press B, and the loading and unloading of the welding station C are all effected simultaneously by an automatic transfer mechanism 20 which grips the bottom portions of the three coiled ~lanks simultaneously and transfers them from one station to tha next.
~he blanks are continuously supported by an elongated support horn 21 which extends continuously from the coiling station A
through the end conditioning press B and the welding station C.
The transfer mechanism 20 is also clescribed in detail in the aorementioned U.S. Patent No~ 3,934,324. Basically, the tra~sfer mechanism comprises three sets of clamps 22 r 23 and 24 which grip opposite ends of the coiled blanks at the coiling station A, the end conditioning pre~ss B, and the welding station C~ respectively, and a shuttle 25 which moves the three sets of jaws back and forth between the respective work stations.
The transfer mechanism 20 i5 also adjustable in both the long-itudinal and vertical directions to accommodate blanks o~
different axial lengths and/or different diameters.
In order to align the rim hlanks lla with the tooling in the welding station C as the blanks enter that station a gap bar 30 enters the longitudinal gap at the top of each rim blank lla (see FIG. 2). After the rim blank has come to rest in the weld station, the gap bar 30 is retracted . .
~6~86 vertically from the rim blank and elevated a slight distance above the top surface of the blank, as illustrated in FIGS.
3 and 4. The gap bar remains in this elevatad position during the welding operation, and then is subseqeun~ly lowered again when the next rim blank lla is transferred from the press B
to the welding station C. This vertical movement of the gap bar 30 is affec~ed by a small hydraulic cylinder which is not shown in ~he drawings.
For aligning the longi~udinal edges of the rim blank before they are pressed together and welded, the blank lla is gripped by a pair of clamping assemblies 31 and 32 havi.ng outside clamping members 33 and 34 mounted on the lower end of a hydraulic cylinder rod 35. When the hydraulic cylinder rod 35 is advanced, the outside clamping members 33 and 34 are lowered aga:inst the flattened edge portions of the rim blank, pressing the blank downwardly against a pair of inside cl~mping memhers 36 and 37 mounted on the hornO As can be seen in FIGURE 1, both the in~ide and outside clamping members extend continuously along the full length of the rim blank, and each of the inside and outside clamping members is provided with a longitudinal bore through which a suitable cooling medium may be passed during operation of the machine.
At least one of the clamping assemblies is movable relative to the other clamping assembly in a direction transverse to the longitudinal gap so as to permit the longitudinal edges of the rim blank to be pressed against each other while the blank is clamped on both sides of the gap. Thus, in the illustrative embodiment, the clamping ,~. . . . ... .. .. . .
~L~69~86 assembly 32 is mounted for sliding horizontal movement toward and away from the stationary clamping assembly 31 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal edges of the rim blank. More speci~ically, ~he outside clamping member 34 is affixed to a slide member 40 which is mounted for sliding transverse movement within a head assembly 41 carried on the end of the hydraulic cylinder rod 35. As shown most clearly in FIG. 5, the slide member 40 is dove-tailed within the head assembly 41 with the top surface and both side surfaces of the slide member 40 riding on a plurality of roller bearings 40a to permit the slide member 40 to move freely back and forth within the head assembly 41 along a path p~rpendicular to the longi~udinal edges of the rim blank. The slide member 40 is normally urged awa~
from the stationary cl~mping assembly 31 by means of a spring 42 (see FIG. 2) mounted on a rod 43 (see FIG. 4) which is threaded into the slide member 40. This spring 42 biases the slide member 40 toward a stop bar 44 affixed to and depending from the side of the head assembly 41. Thus, the stop bar 44 limits the movement of the outside clamping member 34 away from the stationary clamping member 33.
To permit sliding transverse movement of the inside clampi~g member 37, it is mounted on a bearing plate 50 recessed within the top of the horn 21. A key 51 holds the movable inside clamping member 37 against longitudinal movement on the bearing plate 50. The movable inside bearing member 37 is nsrmally urged to its retracted position (illustrated in FIG. 2) by means of a series of compre~sed coil springs 52 disposed between th~
two inside clamping members 36 and 37 so as to bias the member 37 away from the stationary member 36. Each of the springs 52 is surrounded by an insulating cap 53 to prevent the electric ~g~
welding current from flowing through these inside clamping members 36 and 37, and the bearing plate 50 is formed of an electrically insulating material for the same purpose.
Thus, it can be seen that even while the rim blank lla is clamped on both sides of the longitudinal gap by the two clamping assemblies 31 and 32, the longitudinal edges of the rim blank can still be moved toward each other by moving the entire clamping assembly 32. The outside clamping member 34 rides on the roller bearings 40a while the inside clamping member rides on the bearing plate 50, so there is no relative movement between the clamping members and the rim blank.
Consequently, there is relatively little wear on the clamping assembly. This relative movement of the two clamping assemblies 31 and 32 is important to permit the longitudinal edges of the rim blank to be pressed against each other both prior to and during the welding operation, but after the longitudinal edges of the rim blank have been perfect]y aligned with each other by clamping them in the two aligned clamping assemblies 31 and 32.
In order to press the longitudinal edges of the rim blank lla together in the transverse direction to close ~he longitudinal gap therebetween, and to hold the longitudinal edges of tha rim blank together during the welding operation, the entire cylindrical rim blank lla is gripped between two complementary jaws 60 and 61. These jaws 60 and 61 are carried on the upper ends of a pair of heavy arms 62 and 63 which are pivoted near ~he centers thereof on a frame member 64 and actuated by a hydraulic cylinder 65 connected to the lower ends thereof. Consequently, when the hydraulic cylinder is advanced, the resulting pivotal movement o~ the arm 52 and 63 cause the jaws 60 and 61 to move inwardly against opposite sides of the rim blank lla, thereby forcing the opposed longitudinal edges of the rim blank firmly against each other. The open position of the ~aws 60 and 61, with the hydraulic cylinder 65 retracted, is illustra~ed in FIG. 2,lwhile the advanced position of the jaws,wi~h the hydraulic cylinder 65 advanced, is illustrated in FIG. 3. The jaws are maintained in the closed position throughout the welding operation so that the longitudinal edges of the rim blank are continuously pressed against each other.
As metal is upset from the longitudinal edges of the blank during the welding opera~ion, the edges are continually advanced toward each other due to the sliding movement of the clamping assembly 32 in response to the ~ransverse clamping pressure applLed t~ ~he rim blank by the closed jaws 60 and 61.
~ he electric welding current i~ supplied to the opposed longitudinal edges o~E the rim blank throu~h the clamping assemblies so that the welding currant flows perpen-dicularly throush the elong~ted weld zone. This avoids the crltical alignmen~ problem encountered in some prior art welding systems in which the welding current is supplied to the rim blank through an electrode that is independent of the tooling responsible for holding or positioning the rim blank. Thus t the illustrative embodiment of the invention, the welding current is supplied from a source (not shown) to a pair of bus bars 70 and 71 which extend along the ull length of the rim blank and are mounted on top of the head assembly 41. From the bus bar3 70 and 71, the welding current flows through a pair of flexible arcuate conductors 72 and 73 to the outside clamping members 33 and 34, respectively. The welding current ~hus enters the rim blank through the bottom surface of one of the outside clamping members 33 and 34, which extend along the full length of the rim blankO The current then flows perpendicul~rly through :: : .. ,, , ............ ~ . , .
69~6 the weld zone defined by the abutting longitudinal edges of the rim blank, orming a butt weld between the two longitudinal edges by fusing the two edges together. This particular welding system is particularly suitable for use with a d-c. welding current which forms the desired welds very quickly, achieving high production rates.
To assure relatively uniform contact pressure between the blank and the outside clamping members in the event that the supporting horn bends, biasing means urge the inside clamping mem~ers against the rim blankO As illustxated in FIG. 6a, the horn 21 ideally remains perfectly horizontal so:that both the inside clamping members 36 and 37 and the rim blank lla also remain perfec~ly level. However, because of the relatively long unsupported span of the horn 21, it tends to bend under clamping force, as illustrated to an exaggerated degree in FIG. 6b. Oi. course, when the horn 21 bends, the inside clamping mem~)ers 36 and 37, being attached to the horn, also bend, thereby causing very high contact pressures near the edges and very low or no contact pressure in the middle of the rim blank with resultant dele~erious effects on the weld. In actual practice, this vertical deformation may be only a few thousands of an inch, but nevertheless it can have a serious adverse effect on the resulting weld. Consequently, as illustrated in FIG. 6c, the inside clamping members are split horizontally and provided with a plurality of biasing elements 80 spaced along the length of each of the inside cl~mping members for urging such members toward the rim hlank and the opposed outside clamping members~
In the particular embodiment illustrated in FIGS.
7-9, the biasing elements 80 take the form of bellville springs 81 and 82 disposed between the upper and lower segments of two split inside clamping members 83 and 84. More specifically, the 1~6~9!36 clamping member 83 comprises an upper segment 85 and a lowersegment 86, and the other clamping member 84 comprises an upper segment 87 and a lower segment 88. The upper segments 85 and 87 are held captive on the lower seyments by two series of bolts 89 and 90 which are threaded into the upper segments 85 and 87 while remaining free for limited vertical movement rela~ive to the lower segments 86 and 88 within complementary cavities formed in the lower surfaces of these bottom segments. Bearing sleeves 91 and 92 are disposed between the inside surfaces of the bellville springs 81 and the outside surfaces of the bolts 88 and 89, respectively.
As illustrated in Figs. 6c and FIG. 8, the bellville springs 81 on each side of the location of greatest downward horn deflection will flex downwardly in response to a downward de-flection of the horn 21, thereby compensating for the deflection of the horn and maintaining a substantially uniform pressure across the entire surface of the r:im blank in the vicinity of the weld zone~ At the ends of the horn, the bellville springs 81 will 1ex sufficiently to assure approximately uniform clamping force between the rim blank and the outside clamping members 33 and 34, as illustrated in FIG. 9.
In the embodiment of FIGS. 10 and 11, the biasing element 80 take the form of a series of hydraulic pistons 100 and 101 spaced along the length of a pair of split inside clamping members 102 and 103. More specifically, the clamping member 102 comprises an upper segment 104 and a lower segment 105, while the member 103 comprises an upper segment 106 and a lower segment 107. As can be seen in FIG. 11, the upper and lower segments of each split clamping member are held together by a series of screws 108 threaded into the lower segment, with the head of each screw 108 resting on a bellville washer 109 and recessed within a cavity in the upper segment to permit limi~ed vertical movement of the upper segment relative to the lower segment. In the event of a downward defl~ction of the horn 21, the re~ulting reduction in pressure on the top of the clamping member causes one or more o~ the hydraulic pistons lOO and/or lOl to move upwardly to maintain a uniform pressure across the entire ~urface of the rim blank in the vicinity of the weld zone, in the same manner as the bellville springs utilized in the embodiment of FIGS. 7-9.
As can be seen from the foregoing detailed description, this invention provides an improved welding machine which facilitates orientation of the rim blanks with the welding tools, including the electrodes or supp.lying the electric welding ~urrent to the workpiece, thereby ensuring a high degree of reliability in the pxoduction of satisfactory welds over a large number of rim blanks. The electric welding cu--er.t is supplied to the w~ld zone simultaneously along the entire length of the weld zone and perpend.icular to the weld line. Consequently, this improved welding machine consistently produces high quality welds. Furthl~rmore, the tooling in the welding machine has a long wearing life because the only sliding movement of the tooling occurs on bearings, with no sliding movement be~ween the tooling and the rim blank as is encountered in certain prior art welding machines. Moreover, those embodiments of the invention which utilize split inside clamping members with biasing elements disposed therein further ensure the consistent production of high quality welds by avoiding bending of the rim blanks during the welding operation, even in the face of vertical deflection of the supporting horn.
~14-"
.: .. .. :
to the welding station C. This vertical movement of the gap bar 30 is affec~ed by a small hydraulic cylinder which is not shown in ~he drawings.
For aligning the longi~udinal edges of the rim blank before they are pressed together and welded, the blank lla is gripped by a pair of clamping assemblies 31 and 32 havi.ng outside clamping members 33 and 34 mounted on the lower end of a hydraulic cylinder rod 35. When the hydraulic cylinder rod 35 is advanced, the outside clamping members 33 and 34 are lowered aga:inst the flattened edge portions of the rim blank, pressing the blank downwardly against a pair of inside cl~mping memhers 36 and 37 mounted on the hornO As can be seen in FIGURE 1, both the in~ide and outside clamping members extend continuously along the full length of the rim blank, and each of the inside and outside clamping members is provided with a longitudinal bore through which a suitable cooling medium may be passed during operation of the machine.
At least one of the clamping assemblies is movable relative to the other clamping assembly in a direction transverse to the longitudinal gap so as to permit the longitudinal edges of the rim blank to be pressed against each other while the blank is clamped on both sides of the gap. Thus, in the illustrative embodiment, the clamping ,~. . . . ... .. .. . .
~L~69~86 assembly 32 is mounted for sliding horizontal movement toward and away from the stationary clamping assembly 31 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal edges of the rim blank. More speci~ically, ~he outside clamping member 34 is affixed to a slide member 40 which is mounted for sliding transverse movement within a head assembly 41 carried on the end of the hydraulic cylinder rod 35. As shown most clearly in FIG. 5, the slide member 40 is dove-tailed within the head assembly 41 with the top surface and both side surfaces of the slide member 40 riding on a plurality of roller bearings 40a to permit the slide member 40 to move freely back and forth within the head assembly 41 along a path p~rpendicular to the longi~udinal edges of the rim blank. The slide member 40 is normally urged awa~
from the stationary cl~mping assembly 31 by means of a spring 42 (see FIG. 2) mounted on a rod 43 (see FIG. 4) which is threaded into the slide member 40. This spring 42 biases the slide member 40 toward a stop bar 44 affixed to and depending from the side of the head assembly 41. Thus, the stop bar 44 limits the movement of the outside clamping member 34 away from the stationary clamping member 33.
To permit sliding transverse movement of the inside clampi~g member 37, it is mounted on a bearing plate 50 recessed within the top of the horn 21. A key 51 holds the movable inside clamping member 37 against longitudinal movement on the bearing plate 50. The movable inside bearing member 37 is nsrmally urged to its retracted position (illustrated in FIG. 2) by means of a series of compre~sed coil springs 52 disposed between th~
two inside clamping members 36 and 37 so as to bias the member 37 away from the stationary member 36. Each of the springs 52 is surrounded by an insulating cap 53 to prevent the electric ~g~
welding current from flowing through these inside clamping members 36 and 37, and the bearing plate 50 is formed of an electrically insulating material for the same purpose.
Thus, it can be seen that even while the rim blank lla is clamped on both sides of the longitudinal gap by the two clamping assemblies 31 and 32, the longitudinal edges of the rim blank can still be moved toward each other by moving the entire clamping assembly 32. The outside clamping member 34 rides on the roller bearings 40a while the inside clamping member rides on the bearing plate 50, so there is no relative movement between the clamping members and the rim blank.
Consequently, there is relatively little wear on the clamping assembly. This relative movement of the two clamping assemblies 31 and 32 is important to permit the longitudinal edges of the rim blank to be pressed against each other both prior to and during the welding operation, but after the longitudinal edges of the rim blank have been perfect]y aligned with each other by clamping them in the two aligned clamping assemblies 31 and 32.
In order to press the longitudinal edges of the rim blank lla together in the transverse direction to close ~he longitudinal gap therebetween, and to hold the longitudinal edges of tha rim blank together during the welding operation, the entire cylindrical rim blank lla is gripped between two complementary jaws 60 and 61. These jaws 60 and 61 are carried on the upper ends of a pair of heavy arms 62 and 63 which are pivoted near ~he centers thereof on a frame member 64 and actuated by a hydraulic cylinder 65 connected to the lower ends thereof. Consequently, when the hydraulic cylinder is advanced, the resulting pivotal movement o~ the arm 52 and 63 cause the jaws 60 and 61 to move inwardly against opposite sides of the rim blank lla, thereby forcing the opposed longitudinal edges of the rim blank firmly against each other. The open position of the ~aws 60 and 61, with the hydraulic cylinder 65 retracted, is illustra~ed in FIG. 2,lwhile the advanced position of the jaws,wi~h the hydraulic cylinder 65 advanced, is illustrated in FIG. 3. The jaws are maintained in the closed position throughout the welding operation so that the longitudinal edges of the rim blank are continuously pressed against each other.
As metal is upset from the longitudinal edges of the blank during the welding opera~ion, the edges are continually advanced toward each other due to the sliding movement of the clamping assembly 32 in response to the ~ransverse clamping pressure applLed t~ ~he rim blank by the closed jaws 60 and 61.
~ he electric welding current i~ supplied to the opposed longitudinal edges o~E the rim blank throu~h the clamping assemblies so that the welding currant flows perpen-dicularly throush the elong~ted weld zone. This avoids the crltical alignmen~ problem encountered in some prior art welding systems in which the welding current is supplied to the rim blank through an electrode that is independent of the tooling responsible for holding or positioning the rim blank. Thus t the illustrative embodiment of the invention, the welding current is supplied from a source (not shown) to a pair of bus bars 70 and 71 which extend along the ull length of the rim blank and are mounted on top of the head assembly 41. From the bus bar3 70 and 71, the welding current flows through a pair of flexible arcuate conductors 72 and 73 to the outside clamping members 33 and 34, respectively. The welding current ~hus enters the rim blank through the bottom surface of one of the outside clamping members 33 and 34, which extend along the full length of the rim blankO The current then flows perpendicul~rly through :: : .. ,, , ............ ~ . , .
69~6 the weld zone defined by the abutting longitudinal edges of the rim blank, orming a butt weld between the two longitudinal edges by fusing the two edges together. This particular welding system is particularly suitable for use with a d-c. welding current which forms the desired welds very quickly, achieving high production rates.
To assure relatively uniform contact pressure between the blank and the outside clamping members in the event that the supporting horn bends, biasing means urge the inside clamping mem~ers against the rim blankO As illustxated in FIG. 6a, the horn 21 ideally remains perfectly horizontal so:that both the inside clamping members 36 and 37 and the rim blank lla also remain perfec~ly level. However, because of the relatively long unsupported span of the horn 21, it tends to bend under clamping force, as illustrated to an exaggerated degree in FIG. 6b. Oi. course, when the horn 21 bends, the inside clamping mem~)ers 36 and 37, being attached to the horn, also bend, thereby causing very high contact pressures near the edges and very low or no contact pressure in the middle of the rim blank with resultant dele~erious effects on the weld. In actual practice, this vertical deformation may be only a few thousands of an inch, but nevertheless it can have a serious adverse effect on the resulting weld. Consequently, as illustrated in FIG. 6c, the inside clamping members are split horizontally and provided with a plurality of biasing elements 80 spaced along the length of each of the inside cl~mping members for urging such members toward the rim hlank and the opposed outside clamping members~
In the particular embodiment illustrated in FIGS.
7-9, the biasing elements 80 take the form of bellville springs 81 and 82 disposed between the upper and lower segments of two split inside clamping members 83 and 84. More specifically, the 1~6~9!36 clamping member 83 comprises an upper segment 85 and a lowersegment 86, and the other clamping member 84 comprises an upper segment 87 and a lower segment 88. The upper segments 85 and 87 are held captive on the lower seyments by two series of bolts 89 and 90 which are threaded into the upper segments 85 and 87 while remaining free for limited vertical movement rela~ive to the lower segments 86 and 88 within complementary cavities formed in the lower surfaces of these bottom segments. Bearing sleeves 91 and 92 are disposed between the inside surfaces of the bellville springs 81 and the outside surfaces of the bolts 88 and 89, respectively.
As illustrated in Figs. 6c and FIG. 8, the bellville springs 81 on each side of the location of greatest downward horn deflection will flex downwardly in response to a downward de-flection of the horn 21, thereby compensating for the deflection of the horn and maintaining a substantially uniform pressure across the entire surface of the r:im blank in the vicinity of the weld zone~ At the ends of the horn, the bellville springs 81 will 1ex sufficiently to assure approximately uniform clamping force between the rim blank and the outside clamping members 33 and 34, as illustrated in FIG. 9.
In the embodiment of FIGS. 10 and 11, the biasing element 80 take the form of a series of hydraulic pistons 100 and 101 spaced along the length of a pair of split inside clamping members 102 and 103. More specifically, the clamping member 102 comprises an upper segment 104 and a lower segment 105, while the member 103 comprises an upper segment 106 and a lower segment 107. As can be seen in FIG. 11, the upper and lower segments of each split clamping member are held together by a series of screws 108 threaded into the lower segment, with the head of each screw 108 resting on a bellville washer 109 and recessed within a cavity in the upper segment to permit limi~ed vertical movement of the upper segment relative to the lower segment. In the event of a downward defl~ction of the horn 21, the re~ulting reduction in pressure on the top of the clamping member causes one or more o~ the hydraulic pistons lOO and/or lOl to move upwardly to maintain a uniform pressure across the entire ~urface of the rim blank in the vicinity of the weld zone, in the same manner as the bellville springs utilized in the embodiment of FIGS. 7-9.
As can be seen from the foregoing detailed description, this invention provides an improved welding machine which facilitates orientation of the rim blanks with the welding tools, including the electrodes or supp.lying the electric welding ~urrent to the workpiece, thereby ensuring a high degree of reliability in the pxoduction of satisfactory welds over a large number of rim blanks. The electric welding cu--er.t is supplied to the w~ld zone simultaneously along the entire length of the weld zone and perpend.icular to the weld line. Consequently, this improved welding machine consistently produces high quality welds. Furthl~rmore, the tooling in the welding machine has a long wearing life because the only sliding movement of the tooling occurs on bearings, with no sliding movement be~ween the tooling and the rim blank as is encountered in certain prior art welding machines. Moreover, those embodiments of the invention which utilize split inside clamping members with biasing elements disposed therein further ensure the consistent production of high quality welds by avoiding bending of the rim blanks during the welding operation, even in the face of vertical deflection of the supporting horn.
~14-"
.: .. .. :
Claims (12)
1. A welding machine for welding the longitudinal seams in wheel rim blanks which have been rolled into cylinders with the longitudinal edges of each blank forming the weld zone for said longitudinal seam, said machine comprising the combination of a pair of clamping assemblies each including an inside member and an outside member for engaging the inner and outer surfaces, respectively, of the rim blank adjacent the longitudinal edges thereof on opposite sides of said weld zone so as to align said longitudinal edges with each other, at least one of said clamping assemblies being movable-relative to the other clamping assembly in a direction transverse to said weld zone so as to permit the longitudinal edges of the rim blank to be pressed against each other while the blank is clamped on both sides of said weld zone, means for urging said inside and outside members of said clamping assemblies against the respective inner and outer surfaces of the rim blank, said movable clamping assembly including bearing means supporting both the inner and outer clamping members to permit sliding movement of said clamping members on said bearing means without any relative movement between said clamping members and the rim blank clamped there-between, means independent of said clamping assemblies for engaging the outside surface of the rim blank on opposite sides of said weld zone and pressing the longitudinal edges of the rim blank together in the transverse direction to press said longitudinal edges of the rim blank together during the welding thereof, and means for passing an electric welding current through said clamping assemblies and transversely through the longitudinal edges of the rim blank to effect the welding of said longitudinal edges while said edges are continuously pressed together and while the rim blank is continuously clamped on both sides of said weld zone to maintain said edges in alignment with each other.
2. A welding machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein said outside clamping members extend continuously along the full length of the rim blank, and including means for supplying the electric welding current to the rim blank through said outside clamping members so that the welding current flows perpendicularly through the longi-tudinal edges of the rim blank.
3. A welding machine as set forth in claim 2 which includes a source of d-c. welding current.
4. A welding machine as set forth in claim 1 which includes means for supplying the electric welding current to the rim blank through said clamping assemblies.
5. A welding machine as set forth in claim 4 which includes a pair of stationary bus bars for conducting electric welding current from a voltage source, and a pair of flexible conductors connecting said bus bars to the outside clamping members.
6. A welding machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein at least one of said inside clamping members is mounted for sliding movement toward and away from the other inside clamping member, and incuding biasing means for urging the inside clamping members away from each other, and stop means for limiting relative movement of the inside clamping members away from each other.
7. A welding machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein at least one of said outside clamping members is mounted for sliding movement toward and away from the other outside clamping member, and including biasing means for urging each movable outside clamping member away from the other outside clamping member, and stop means for limiting relative movement of the outside clamping members away from each other.
8. A welding machine as set forth in claim 1 which includes an elongated horn for supporting the rim blank and the inside members of said clamping assemblies, and biasing means for urging said inside clamping members against the rim blank to assure relatively uniform contact pressure between the rim blank and the outside clamping members in the event of bending of said horn.
9. A welding machine as set forth in claim 7 wherein said biasing means comprises a plurality of spring means spaced along the length of each of the inside clamping members for urging said inside clamping members toward the outside clamping members thereby applying relatively uniform pressure against the outside clamping members so as to provide a uniform distribution of welding current and heating of the weld zone.
10. A welding machine as set forth in claim 7 wherein said biasing means comprises a plurality of hydraulic cylinders spaced along the length of each of the inside clamping members for urging said inside clamping members toward the outside clamping members.
11. A welding machine as set forth in claim 1 which includes drive means for advancing and retracting said outside clamping members relative to the inside clamping members for clamping the rim blank therebetween.
12. A welding machine as set forth in claim 1 which includes a longitudinal gap bar for aligning the longi-tudinal gap in each rim blank with said clamping assemblies before clamping the rim blank.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US72242876A | 1976-09-13 | 1976-09-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1069986A true CA1069986A (en) | 1980-01-15 |
Family
ID=24901791
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA284,386A Expired CA1069986A (en) | 1976-09-13 | 1977-08-09 | Machine for welding seams in automotive wheel rim blanks |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5334647A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU505151B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7706073A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1069986A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2738238A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2364087A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1556556A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1110179B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5768280A (en) * | 1980-10-17 | 1982-04-26 | Dengensha Mfg Co Ltd | Method and device for butt welding |
| FR2612103B1 (en) * | 1987-03-13 | 1994-04-08 | Carnaud Sa | RESISTANCE ELECTRIC WELDING MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC GASES |
| TW320583B (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1997-11-21 | Elpatronic Ag | |
| NL1001494C2 (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 1997-04-25 | Fontijne Bv Machine | Resistance butt welding device, especially for welding annular objects. |
| CN103071952B (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2014-11-26 | 深圳市鹏煜威科技有限公司 | Pre-feeding gap eliminating device of metal cylinder welding machine |
| DE102014011863A1 (en) * | 2014-08-09 | 2016-02-11 | Schnelldorfer Maschinenbau Gmbh | Longitudinal seam welding machine |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE59199C (en) * | H. LEMP in Lynn, Massach., V. St. A | Method and device for the production of finished rings by electrical means from _ irregular work pieces | ||
| US924868A (en) * | 1908-02-17 | 1909-06-15 | Winfield Mfg Company | Electric-welding machine. |
| US1048884A (en) * | 1910-03-14 | 1912-12-31 | Thomson Electric Welding Co | Pressure device for electric metal-working apparatus. |
| US2454948A (en) * | 1944-09-15 | 1948-11-30 | Taylor Winfield Corp | Electric resistance seam welding apparatus |
| US2623973A (en) * | 1951-01-18 | 1952-12-30 | Smith Corp A O | Pipe flash welder |
| FR1343904A (en) * | 1962-11-21 | 1963-11-22 | American Mach & Foundry | Method and device for welding opposing edges of metal elements of finite length |
| US3209116A (en) * | 1963-04-18 | 1965-09-28 | American Mach & Foundry | Longitudinally welding the end portions of tubular members |
-
1977
- 1977-08-03 AU AU27573/77A patent/AU505151B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-08-09 CA CA284,386A patent/CA1069986A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-08-25 GB GB3564577A patent/GB1556556A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-08-25 DE DE19772738238 patent/DE2738238A1/en active Granted
- 1977-08-30 JP JP10330577A patent/JPS5334647A/en active Granted
- 1977-08-31 IT IT2713477A patent/IT1110179B/en active
- 1977-09-01 FR FR7726628A patent/FR2364087A1/en active Granted
- 1977-09-12 BR BR7706073A patent/BR7706073A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2364087B1 (en) | 1980-07-25 |
| IT1110179B (en) | 1985-12-23 |
| GB1556556A (en) | 1979-11-28 |
| AU505151B2 (en) | 1979-11-08 |
| AU2757377A (en) | 1979-02-08 |
| BR7706073A (en) | 1978-06-20 |
| JPS5756430B2 (en) | 1982-11-30 |
| DE2738238A1 (en) | 1978-03-16 |
| DE2738238C2 (en) | 1988-07-21 |
| JPS5334647A (en) | 1978-03-31 |
| FR2364087A1 (en) | 1978-04-07 |
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