CA1069686A - Method and apparatus for the production of multiple gauge strip by draw shaving - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for the production of multiple gauge strip by draw shavingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1069686A CA1069686A CA309,148A CA309148A CA1069686A CA 1069686 A CA1069686 A CA 1069686A CA 309148 A CA309148 A CA 309148A CA 1069686 A CA1069686 A CA 1069686A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shaving
- strip
- anvil
- arced
- tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D1/00—Planing or slotting machines cutting by relative movement of the tool and workpiece in a horizontal straight line only
- B23D1/20—Planing or slotting machines cutting by relative movement of the tool and workpiece in a horizontal straight line only with tool-supports or work-supports specially mounted or guided for working in different directions or at different angles; Special purpose machines
- B23D1/22—Planing or slotting machines cutting by relative movement of the tool and workpiece in a horizontal straight line only with tool-supports or work-supports specially mounted or guided for working in different directions or at different angles; Special purpose machines for planing ingots or the like
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An improved method and apparatus for the production of multiple gauge metal strip is disclosed wherein the metal strip is drawn over an arced surface under a shaving tool apparatus whereby the arced surface provides effective hold-down of the metal strip thereby allowing a greater volume removal of material per pass. The present invention contemplates an improved apparatus for holding the shaving tool's position with respect to the arced surface and the strip.
An improved method and apparatus for the production of multiple gauge metal strip is disclosed wherein the metal strip is drawn over an arced surface under a shaving tool apparatus whereby the arced surface provides effective hold-down of the metal strip thereby allowing a greater volume removal of material per pass. The present invention contemplates an improved apparatus for holding the shaving tool's position with respect to the arced surface and the strip.
Description
" .
~ 0~9 ~ ~ ~
BACKGROU~D OF ~HE I~VENTION
;
The inYention relates to a method and apparatus for the preparatlon o~ multiple gauge metal strip by a shaving operation whereln the strlp ls drawn through t~e shaving apparatus over an arced surface.
It ls necessary to provide a multlple gauge thlckness in a metal strlp ln many applicatlons such as the production of copper strlp ~or the formatlon o~ electrical conductors and the like. Con~entional procedures such as continuous mllllng have been employed to ~roduce the desired variations in gauge, however, such processes suffer ~rom the disadvantages of being both time consuming as well as generating an un~avorable ~orm of scrap.
An addItlonal procedure which has been known in the art to produce multiple gauge metal strip comprises the reduction to gauge by a rolling operation. However, the rolling operatlon in the production of multiple gauge strip has been ~ound to suffer from the dlsadvantages of being restrlcted to certain shapes, and furthermore tend to involve complex and costly tooling. Addltionally~ it has been found that the product produced by the a~oresaid rolling process ~ails to meet commercial tolerances as well as belng free from other structural defects.
A further method of produclng multiple gauge metal strip ls by a drawing process, Xowe~er, certain complications resulted from this process, In the normal dra~ing process reduction o~ the thickness in a section results in an lncrease in section length so that if the thlckness of a giYen shape varies across its wid'h, ~he drawing process will result in variable changes In length 8ao6-Ms ~ 1069~i86 causlng non-unlform metal floN and stresses leadln~ to buckllng, t~istlng, tearing and fracture of thè workplece.
Though a wide variety of drawing technlques are known, lncluding the employment of the hydrodynamlc prlnc~ple, none have been suggested or would appear to allevlate the aforenoted deflciencies associated with the drawlng of complex multlple gauge conflguratlons.
The technlque of shavlng as a form of metal reductlon has been known in the art for some time~ However, lts application has been generally limlted to the ~lnishing of materials of uniform cross sectlon by the reduction of the cross sectional area of the workpiece, with the reduction being conducted along the entire surface thereo~.
Thls technique is illustrated ln U.S. Patent 3,055,102 to Shaw et al, wherein a shavlng tool is applled agalnst a rod or bar which reduces the cross ~ectional area along the entire surface thereof.
Certaln problems would appear to arise if this shaving technlque exemplified by Shaw et al; were to be directly ~
applied to the productlon of multlple gauge strlp products ~ -~rom rectangular stock. Speclfically, the application of shaving force against only a portion of the total surface o~ the strlp tends to magnlfy the problems set ~orth in the aforenoted patent, particularly, the inability to hold the workpiece properly centered wlth respect to the tool Nlth the result that the workpiece wanders and a wavy or broken surrace may re~ult. A further dlfflculty which would arlse and be magnified ~y the removal o~ stock from only a portion of the workpiece surface would be the e~cessive c~atterlng that takes place as the strip would
~ 0~9 ~ ~ ~
BACKGROU~D OF ~HE I~VENTION
;
The inYention relates to a method and apparatus for the preparatlon o~ multiple gauge metal strip by a shaving operation whereln the strlp ls drawn through t~e shaving apparatus over an arced surface.
It ls necessary to provide a multlple gauge thlckness in a metal strlp ln many applicatlons such as the production of copper strlp ~or the formatlon o~ electrical conductors and the like. Con~entional procedures such as continuous mllllng have been employed to ~roduce the desired variations in gauge, however, such processes suffer ~rom the disadvantages of being both time consuming as well as generating an un~avorable ~orm of scrap.
An addItlonal procedure which has been known in the art to produce multiple gauge metal strip comprises the reduction to gauge by a rolling operation. However, the rolling operatlon in the production of multiple gauge strip has been ~ound to suffer from the dlsadvantages of being restrlcted to certain shapes, and furthermore tend to involve complex and costly tooling. Addltionally~ it has been found that the product produced by the a~oresaid rolling process ~ails to meet commercial tolerances as well as belng free from other structural defects.
A further method of produclng multiple gauge metal strip ls by a drawing process, Xowe~er, certain complications resulted from this process, In the normal dra~ing process reduction o~ the thickness in a section results in an lncrease in section length so that if the thlckness of a giYen shape varies across its wid'h, ~he drawing process will result in variable changes In length 8ao6-Ms ~ 1069~i86 causlng non-unlform metal floN and stresses leadln~ to buckllng, t~istlng, tearing and fracture of thè workplece.
Though a wide variety of drawing technlques are known, lncluding the employment of the hydrodynamlc prlnc~ple, none have been suggested or would appear to allevlate the aforenoted deflciencies associated with the drawlng of complex multlple gauge conflguratlons.
The technlque of shavlng as a form of metal reductlon has been known in the art for some time~ However, lts application has been generally limlted to the ~lnishing of materials of uniform cross sectlon by the reduction of the cross sectional area of the workpiece, with the reduction being conducted along the entire surface thereo~.
Thls technique is illustrated ln U.S. Patent 3,055,102 to Shaw et al, wherein a shavlng tool is applled agalnst a rod or bar which reduces the cross ~ectional area along the entire surface thereof.
Certaln problems would appear to arise if this shaving technlque exemplified by Shaw et al; were to be directly ~
applied to the productlon of multlple gauge strlp products ~ -~rom rectangular stock. Speclfically, the application of shaving force against only a portion of the total surface o~ the strlp tends to magnlfy the problems set ~orth in the aforenoted patent, particularly, the inability to hold the workpiece properly centered wlth respect to the tool Nlth the result that the workpiece wanders and a wavy or broken surrace may re~ult. A further dlfflculty which would arlse and be magnified ~y the removal o~ stock from only a portion of the workpiece surface would be the e~cessive c~atterlng that takes place as the strip would
- 2 -.- . . ...
10696~36 -pass through the tool which would appear on the flnished product as a torn or galled surface.
One known method of producing multipl~ gauge strip by draw shaving is illustrated in U. s. Patent 3,992,977, issued November 23, 1976, to Winter et al and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. The method and apparatus for producing multiple gauge metal strip in the aforesaid U. S. Patent while found to be superior to previously known methods still wa~ found to suffer from deficiencies. More particularly, the rake angle at which the tool was disposed was found to be limited to a range of 2-1/2 to about 25 and was preferably about 5 to 18. Any increase in rake angle above those critical values would cau~e the workpiece to ride up the tool resulting in excessive strip material being removed, Thus, as a result of the limit on rake angle, the amount of volume removed per pass was also limited.
Furthermor~, the manner in which the tool was held in position with respect to the anvil and strip was found to produce chatter marks on the shaved portion of the multiple strip product not unlike those chatter marks encountered in the aforesaid machining operations. The chatter marks are undesirable for functional reasons as well as cosmetic reasons.
Chatter marks on the metal ~trip impedes the bonding of semi-conductor chip~ to the strip as well as inhibiting the metal plating of the ~trip which may be necessary in the production o~ electrical conductors and the like. The shaved gauge vari-ation of the qtrip was found to be 1 0.002" while variations in the transverse positioning of the cut groove were 0.005".
Finally, the finished multiple gauge strip product was ~' ,. - . : .
.. . . . . . ~ ...... .
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10~9ti~6 observed to have signi~icant scratching on the backside thereof as a result of being drawn over the flat anvil du~ing the shavlng process. Furthermore, the shape of the ~inal product exhlbited an lncrease in cross-wise dish with a corresponding increase in cut depth and/or width. ~his cross-wise dlsh can be attributed to the insufficient hold-down forces of the strip against the flat anvil.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that a shaving operation for the productlon of multiple gauge strip products may be conducted wherein the strip is drawn through the shaving apparatus over an arced surface thereby allowing an increase in rake angle while at the same time minimizlng cross-wlse dish in the final product. The improved apparatus of the present invention includes an improved support structure for rigidly fixing the cutting tool's position with respect to the arced surface and strip thereby improving shaved gauge tolerances while reducing chatter marks.
The features of the present invention ccmprise the provision of an arced surface of polished carbide which el~nates backside scratches and thereby not only improves the cosmetic ~lities of the multiple gauge strip product but also reduces the shaving stresses. The employment of an arced sur~ace allows the tool's rake angle to be increased to a range of from 20 to about 45 thereby resulting in a corresponding decrease in relative shaving stress. Since the shaving stress is directly re~ted to the volume of material which can be removed per pass withDut exceeding the yleld strength of the mater~
the increase in rake angle allows greater volume removal per pass.
Fhrthermore, with an arced surface~ the strip can be caused to wrap _ 4 ~
. :, . ~ : .. .. -. ... .. ..
-` 10~ii9f~
around the surface thereby providing ef~ective hold-down of the strip against the surface, this ability to wrap around the surface results in a reduction in cross-wlse dis~. By providing strip guides on the arced surface, the width variations of the shaved surface are improved.
A further feature of this invention contemplates an improved support component for rigidly fixing the tool's pos$tion with respect to the arced surface and strip thereby eliminating ~hatter marks while improving gauge depth tolerances.
~he method of this invention possesses certain advantages over conventional milling procedures in that scrap retrieval is made easier as the removed stock is usually obtalned in the form of a long continuous coil whereas the ~crap generated by conventional milling is in discontinuous chips of random ~hapes and sizes. The method of the present lnvention also exhibits advantages over previously known draw shaving processes for multiple gauge strip in that the tolerances of the shaved surface are lmproved, cross-wise dish is minlmized, backside scratching i5 greatly eliminated, and by the increase in allowable rake angle o~ the tool the volume of material capable of being removed per pass is greatly increaqed.
It is, accordingly, a principal obJect of the present invention to produce an improved method for the manufacture o~ multiple gauge metal strip products which employs an improved shaving operation~
It is another ob~ect of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus as aforesaid which will increase the volume of metal reval pe~ pass.
It Is a ~urther obJect of the present inven~ion to provide an , apparatus for the performance of the shaving method as afore- -said which improveA the tolerances obtained in the ~haved surface of the multiple gauge metal strip.
Still another object of the present invention i~
to produce a multiple gauge metal ~trip in which chatter marks are greatly reduced.
In accordance with a specific embodiment, a method for the production of a multiple gauge metal strip having at least two longitudinal region~ of different thicknes~es form-ing a generally stepped surface includes the steps of provid-ing shaving means having an elongated cutting edge and anvil means having an arced surface, adjusting and maintaining said shaving mean~ at a position opposed to and ~paced from said anvil means to form a shaving gap, said adjusting and maintain-ing step including fastening said shaving mean~ to an assembly comprising a horizontal member and vertical legs attached thereto, ~eating said assembly on gauge blocks of selected heiqht, maintaining the assembly at the desired shaving gap by the application of downward pressure on said a~sem~ly and drawing a metal strip through said gap in contact with said shaving means and said arced surface, thereby ~having said ~trip to form a multiple gauge metal strip product.
An apparatu~ for the production of such multigauge strip material in accordance wlth the invention comprises a tool holder a~embly, said tool holder assembly including a horizontal member having spaced vertical legs depending there-from, a shav~ng tool having an elongated cutting edge, said shavlng t~ol being located between ~aid legs and being supported by said tool holder assembly, a base, an anvil having an arced surface supported on said base, said tool holder assembly being aupported on said base and ~aid shaving tool being located ~ - 6 -'4~"` :
- . -; . , , . .. : . . . . . . .. . .
10~i9686 opposed to and adjacent the arced surface of ~aid anvil, means for vertically adjusting and maintaining ~aid tool holder assembly at a predetermined height to provide a desired shaving gap between the cutting edge of said shaving tool and the arced metal strip can be shaved from a thicker strip drawn between the anvil and the shaving tool.
Other objects and advantage~ will become apparent by those ~killed in the art from a consideration of the description which proceeds with reference to the following drawing3.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figures 1-3 are various views of the shaving apparatu~
employed in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED D~SCRIPTION
In accordance with the present invention, the fore-going objecta and advantages are readily obtained.
Shaving i8 a metal removal process akin to machining or broaching, and utilizeq a stationary cutting tool and a moving workpiece. As in any cutting operation, such variables as speed, tool geometry, stock removal and lubrication are important, however, unlike most metal cutting, the amount of stock removal achieved in a ~having operation is co4trolled by the maximum force which can be exerted on the strip before yielding occur~. Essentially, this i~ the same kind of re-straint impoaed on a wire drawing operation. The limiting force iq, therefore, equal to the yield strength of the strip multiplied by tho strip cross aectional area after shaving.
~hla may be expressed as follows:
FmaX = Y.S. (AF) ~ .
- 6a -A ~:
.. .. . ... .. .. ~ .
.. .. ... ...... ~ . . .. .. -. .
.
, ~
10~9t;86 Where, FmaX is the l~mited ~orce;
Y.S. is the yield streng~h; and AF Is the strlp cross sectional area after shaving.
Another relationship observed is that the ~orce required to remove a given cross sectional area of strip by a shaving operation is equal to the cross sectional area of the shavlng cut multiplied by a machinlng or shaving constant, C. Thls relationship may be expressed as an equation which, when solved for C, is as follows:
C - F
Where, F ls the drawing force;
Ar is the cross sectional area removed by shaving; and C is the shaving constant.
It has been found in accordance with this invention that the successful preparation o~ multiple gauge strip may be accomplis~ed by a shaving operation if the maximum amount of metal removal per shaving pass is determined in relation to the yield strength of the strip and the shaving constant, C, determined above. This relationship is inferred from the observation that, as the drawing force is increased, a maximum force is ultimatel~ reached which corresponds to the yield strength of the strip. Thus, at this point F ~ Fma2, and, by su~stitution the following e~pression is derived;
Maximum Stock Remo~al G~l: Ar _``
Ao i ~ C/Y.S.
~ .
~ere, Ao i~ the initial cross;sectional area of the strip;
Ar is the cross sectlonal area removed by shavIng;
C is the s~aving constant; and Y.S. is the yleld strength of the strip.
Thus, by the a~ove equation the maximum stock removal per pass by shaving may be calculated by determining the shaving constant and the yield strength of the strip. The shaving constant can be calculated from experimental measurements of drawlng force which may then be substituted lnto the expression C 5 F/Ar, set forth earlier. The yield strength of the strip is determlned by normal tensile testing methods such as the 0.2% of~set yleld strength method which was used hereln.
Upon determlning the maximum stock removal in accordance wlth the procedure~ set forth above, the shaving apparatus can then be ad~usted so as not to exceed the maximum value.
Such an ad~ustment wlll, o~ course, vary wlth the nature of the apparatu~ employed. For example, in the present invention,~
the apparatus for ad~usting tool depth comprises an upside down U-shaped housing whlch is posltioned on readily replaceable gauge blocks. Ad~ustment of tool depth is made by employing various size gauge blocks.
Another conventlonal parameter which influences the successful practlce of the shavlng met~od of this invention ls t~e determination o~ the shaving tool rake angle. The rake angle is defined as the angle which the plane of the vertlcal leading surface o~ the tool defines with respect to the imaginary vertical plane perpendicular to the direction of strip traveL
3Q In cuttlng operations such as the method of this invention, it .
- 8i-_ is usually ~ound that a certain critical rake angle exists which, if exceeded, results in a loss o~ control of the thickness of the finished workpiece. Usually, a rake angle in excess o~ the critical value causes the workpiece to ride up the tool, with the result that excessive stock is removed.
The shaving apparatus employed in accordance with the present inventlon comprises an adJustable shavlng tool provided ~ith a cutting edge de~ining a pattern corresponding to the multiple gauge surface desired in the final strip product. The shaving tool is horizontally and vertically ad~ustable to ena~le shaving to ~e conducted to successfully achieve maximum possi~le strip reductions measured primaril~ in terms of volume removal. As noted above, maxlmum volume removal per shaving pass may be generally determined in relation to the yleld strength o~ the strip and then coordinated with the cross sectional con~iguration o~ the desired end product. Thls ~eing done, the apparatus ls then appropriately ad~usted to achieve the extent o~
volume removal desired. The various embodiments o~ the apparatus employed in the present invention will be descrl~ed in greater detail herein~elow.
Re~erring to Figure 1, a shaving apparatus used in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in perspective. The apparatus lQ comprises a shaving tool 12 located ad~acent and on a metal strip 14 which is ~eing drawn across arced anvil 16. The cutting edge 18 o~ the shaving tool 12 de~ines a cutting pattern whose con~igur-atlon serves as the template for the final configuration o~
the multiple gauge strip product. Attached to the arced 3o 9~ _ 10~96~36 anvil 16 for guiding the metal strip 14 are a pair o~ strip guides 22 which are symmetrically positioned about the center line of the polygauge strip and spaced apart from each other the width of strip 14. The guides 22 are securely fixed to the anvil 16 by means of bolts 24 or other suitable means. The strip guides should be manufactured of a wear resistant material such as high speed tool steel so as to limit wear which may occur because of the relatlve motion between the strip 14 and the guldes 22. The arced anvll 16 may be provided with a polished carbide insert 26 under the contact area of the tool which is secured by bolts 28 as well as by strip guides 22.
The carbide insert may be secured to the anvll by other means such as brazing, adhesives or the like. Alternately, the arced anvil itselfcculd be made of polished carbide. The radius of curvature of the arced anvil is limited on the high side by the ability to get the desired downward tensile force while minimizing total contact length and on the low side by the tendency to plastlcally deform the strip as it is drawn in tension over the anvil. It has been found that a radius of curvature from about 1 to about 12" is satisfactory, preferably from about 2 to 8".
As shown In Figure 1, the shaving tool 12 ls supported by and secured to an ad~ustable tool holder 30 comprising tool support structure 32 which is secured to vertically ad~ustable housing 34.
Housing 34 is an upside down U-shaped structure comprising vertical legs 36 which are integral with connecting horizontal member 38. Shaving tool 12 is secured in the manner shown by support struc-ture 32 which in turn is integral with the ~-shaped housing 34 so as to allow the entire ad~ustable tool holder assembly 30 to move vertically as a whole. The adjusta~le tool holder - , ~006-MB
1069~;86 .
as~embly 3~ is adapted for horizontal and vertical movement on tracks 40 and 41 in any convenient manner kncwn in the prior art for example, a screw tra~el slide connection, a slldlng Jack arrangement, by manual means, or any other suitable means. The ~ u-stable too~ ho-l&er assembly ~
30 rests on gauge blocks 42 which are readily capable of belng replaced ~y gauge blocks of varying thic~nesses.
The tool holder assembly 30 is held in lts approprlate vertlcal posltlon against the gauge blocks 42 by providing an approprlate vertical load on the horizontal member 38.
This vertical load may be in the form of simple weights or alternately hydraulic, pneumatic, or other suitable means ~or insuring that the assembly remains rigidly fixed with respect -to the anvil and strip. As is clear, flne ad~u~tments of the vertical position can be made by replacing the gauge ~locks with other gauge blocks of suitable dimensions.
As stated above, maximum stock removal is determined with respect to the yield strength of the strip and the particular configuration desired. In addition to the aforenoted ad~ustments of the vertical position of the shaving tool, a ~urther critical ad~ustment is made which relates to the rake angle of the tool edge. The rake angle is defined a~ the angle which the plane of the vertical leading surface of the tool defines with respect to the imaginary vertical plane perpendicular to the directlon of strip travel. In accordance ~ith the present invention, it has been found that the critical rake angle at ~hich the cutting tool may be dispo~ed is greatly increased o~er that of U.S. Patent 3,292,977. Thè rake angle foùnd to be useful in the aforesaid U.S. Patent was from about 2-1/2 to about . .
8006-M~
, 25 and pre~erabl~ from about 5 to about 18, In t~e present lnventlon, it has been found that as a result of the employment of an arced anvil, a rake angle as high as 45 may be employed without causing t~e strip to ride up the cutting tool. T~ls increase in rake angle is attributed to an increase ~n effective hold-down of the strip against the anvil as a result of the anvll being arced which causes the strip to wrap around said anvil. In addition, the employment of h~l~dle rolls ~not shown) ahead of and behind the arced anvil sur~ace may also be ~u~d to thereby provide additional hold-down forces of the strip against the anvil. Lncreasing thetool's rake angle from the previously defined range, as indicated in U.S. Patent 3,992,977, to that range which i~ capable o~ being attained in the present invention results in a reduced shaving stress and improved strip cosmetics. The improvement in the shaved surface finlsh results from the fact that an increase in rake angle results in a correspondlng decrease of the bullt-up material ad~acent to thetool's face. Increasing the rake angle also results in substantial reductions in shaving stress and consequently, a greater amount of materlal can be removed per pass than was previously ~ossible.
The improved ad~ustable tool holder assembly results in improved shaved gauge tolerances over those realized in aforesaid U,S. Patent 3,922,277, as a re~lt of t~ use o~
a Yertica'ly loaded tool holder against precision machined gauge blocks and rigidly fixing the position of t~e anvil, strip and tool with respect to each ot~er by applying said vertlcal load T~e shaYed gauge variation ~as reduced from + 0.002t', as stated in the aforesaid patent, to + 0.0005". In - 12 ~
'.
. . . ... .. . .. . ...... .
. 8006-MB
addltion, t.he.'employment. of strip guides on the anvil has ~.
allowed rariations ln the transverse positioning of the ' cut groove to 6e reduced from'0.005" to 0.001". In addition, providing a polished car~ide anvil or insert therefor, . .
backslde scratches of the polygauge strip were substantially reduced ~rom that of the previously known.method while .
correspondingly effecting a reductlon in shaving stress.
The totality of the modifications of the present :
invention, i.e., increasing tool rigidity, providing an .
arced anvil? strip guides, and polished carbide lnserts, results in lmproved surface finish of the shaved portion, reduced ~ackside scratching, elimination o~ chatter marks on the shaved portion, and improved shaving efficiencies by allowing a greater removal of material per pass.
While the above shaving apparatus ha~ been employed with an arced anvll, it should be appreciated that a ~reely rotating wheel may be su~stituted for the arced anvil and stlll effect the improvements of the present invention. In addltlon, the employment of a freely rotating wheel would tend to reduce frictional contact between the metal strip and the corresponding arced surface. Again,bridle rolls ahead o~ and traili~.g the rotating wheel will allow the strip to more ef~ectlvely wrap around the wheel and thereby provide better hold-do~n of the strip thereon.
The follo~ing e~ample is pre.sented in order to gain a fuller understanding of the method and apparatus of this Invention and to illustrate the advantages obtained there- ~
~rom. The. e~'ample is presented for the purpose of illustra- :.
tion onl~ and should not be construed as a limitation on the invent.lon. :.
~' .
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Flve samples o~ 1/8 hard CDA Alloy 128 where prepared for draw shaving. An apparatus was employed for the draw shaving which comprised a shaving tool in accordance with t~e present invention. The alloy samples comprised flat riabons of strip measuring 0.906" by 0.080". The 0.2%
yield strength of the material was 22 ksi while the ultimate tensile strength was 36 ksi. The cutting tool width was .a62" and the tool was set to cut a shaving depth of 0.007". Five samples were shaved in accordance with the present invention with the cutting tool set at a rake angle varying from 8 to 44, The radius of the arced anvil was 3". The drawing force, F, was measured for each test and the relative shaving stress was calculated using the aforenoted formula. The results of the experiment are set forth ~elo~ in Table I.
TAEL~ I
Rake Angle (Degrees~ Relatlve Shaving Stress ~ksl) Based on the data in Table I, and the mathematical relations~ip bet~een percent stock removed and shaving stress, it can be seen t~at a product fabricated with three passes using an 8 ~ake angle tool would only require one pass i~ the rake angle of the tool was set at 44. As noted previously, t~Is effective increase in allowable rake angle is directly attributed to the excellent 3o hold-down ~orce on the strip w~ich occurs as the result of ~ 14 -. 8006-MB
the employment of an arced surface over which the strip passes It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the illustrations described and shown herein, :
which are deemed to be merely illustrative of the best modes of carrying out the invention, and which are suscep-tible of modification of form, size, arrangement of parts and details of operation. ~he invention rather is intended to encompass all such modifications which are within its splrlt and scope as deflned by the clalms.
10696~36 -pass through the tool which would appear on the flnished product as a torn or galled surface.
One known method of producing multipl~ gauge strip by draw shaving is illustrated in U. s. Patent 3,992,977, issued November 23, 1976, to Winter et al and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. The method and apparatus for producing multiple gauge metal strip in the aforesaid U. S. Patent while found to be superior to previously known methods still wa~ found to suffer from deficiencies. More particularly, the rake angle at which the tool was disposed was found to be limited to a range of 2-1/2 to about 25 and was preferably about 5 to 18. Any increase in rake angle above those critical values would cau~e the workpiece to ride up the tool resulting in excessive strip material being removed, Thus, as a result of the limit on rake angle, the amount of volume removed per pass was also limited.
Furthermor~, the manner in which the tool was held in position with respect to the anvil and strip was found to produce chatter marks on the shaved portion of the multiple strip product not unlike those chatter marks encountered in the aforesaid machining operations. The chatter marks are undesirable for functional reasons as well as cosmetic reasons.
Chatter marks on the metal ~trip impedes the bonding of semi-conductor chip~ to the strip as well as inhibiting the metal plating of the ~trip which may be necessary in the production o~ electrical conductors and the like. The shaved gauge vari-ation of the qtrip was found to be 1 0.002" while variations in the transverse positioning of the cut groove were 0.005".
Finally, the finished multiple gauge strip product was ~' ,. - . : .
.. . . . . . ~ ...... .
80a6-MB
10~9ti~6 observed to have signi~icant scratching on the backside thereof as a result of being drawn over the flat anvil du~ing the shavlng process. Furthermore, the shape of the ~inal product exhlbited an lncrease in cross-wise dish with a corresponding increase in cut depth and/or width. ~his cross-wise dlsh can be attributed to the insufficient hold-down forces of the strip against the flat anvil.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that a shaving operation for the productlon of multiple gauge strip products may be conducted wherein the strip is drawn through the shaving apparatus over an arced surface thereby allowing an increase in rake angle while at the same time minimizlng cross-wlse dish in the final product. The improved apparatus of the present invention includes an improved support structure for rigidly fixing the cutting tool's position with respect to the arced surface and strip thereby improving shaved gauge tolerances while reducing chatter marks.
The features of the present invention ccmprise the provision of an arced surface of polished carbide which el~nates backside scratches and thereby not only improves the cosmetic ~lities of the multiple gauge strip product but also reduces the shaving stresses. The employment of an arced sur~ace allows the tool's rake angle to be increased to a range of from 20 to about 45 thereby resulting in a corresponding decrease in relative shaving stress. Since the shaving stress is directly re~ted to the volume of material which can be removed per pass withDut exceeding the yleld strength of the mater~
the increase in rake angle allows greater volume removal per pass.
Fhrthermore, with an arced surface~ the strip can be caused to wrap _ 4 ~
. :, . ~ : .. .. -. ... .. ..
-` 10~ii9f~
around the surface thereby providing ef~ective hold-down of the strip against the surface, this ability to wrap around the surface results in a reduction in cross-wlse dis~. By providing strip guides on the arced surface, the width variations of the shaved surface are improved.
A further feature of this invention contemplates an improved support component for rigidly fixing the tool's pos$tion with respect to the arced surface and strip thereby eliminating ~hatter marks while improving gauge depth tolerances.
~he method of this invention possesses certain advantages over conventional milling procedures in that scrap retrieval is made easier as the removed stock is usually obtalned in the form of a long continuous coil whereas the ~crap generated by conventional milling is in discontinuous chips of random ~hapes and sizes. The method of the present lnvention also exhibits advantages over previously known draw shaving processes for multiple gauge strip in that the tolerances of the shaved surface are lmproved, cross-wise dish is minlmized, backside scratching i5 greatly eliminated, and by the increase in allowable rake angle o~ the tool the volume of material capable of being removed per pass is greatly increaqed.
It is, accordingly, a principal obJect of the present invention to produce an improved method for the manufacture o~ multiple gauge metal strip products which employs an improved shaving operation~
It is another ob~ect of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus as aforesaid which will increase the volume of metal reval pe~ pass.
It Is a ~urther obJect of the present inven~ion to provide an , apparatus for the performance of the shaving method as afore- -said which improveA the tolerances obtained in the ~haved surface of the multiple gauge metal strip.
Still another object of the present invention i~
to produce a multiple gauge metal ~trip in which chatter marks are greatly reduced.
In accordance with a specific embodiment, a method for the production of a multiple gauge metal strip having at least two longitudinal region~ of different thicknes~es form-ing a generally stepped surface includes the steps of provid-ing shaving means having an elongated cutting edge and anvil means having an arced surface, adjusting and maintaining said shaving mean~ at a position opposed to and ~paced from said anvil means to form a shaving gap, said adjusting and maintain-ing step including fastening said shaving mean~ to an assembly comprising a horizontal member and vertical legs attached thereto, ~eating said assembly on gauge blocks of selected heiqht, maintaining the assembly at the desired shaving gap by the application of downward pressure on said a~sem~ly and drawing a metal strip through said gap in contact with said shaving means and said arced surface, thereby ~having said ~trip to form a multiple gauge metal strip product.
An apparatu~ for the production of such multigauge strip material in accordance wlth the invention comprises a tool holder a~embly, said tool holder assembly including a horizontal member having spaced vertical legs depending there-from, a shav~ng tool having an elongated cutting edge, said shavlng t~ol being located between ~aid legs and being supported by said tool holder assembly, a base, an anvil having an arced surface supported on said base, said tool holder assembly being aupported on said base and ~aid shaving tool being located ~ - 6 -'4~"` :
- . -; . , , . .. : . . . . . . .. . .
10~i9686 opposed to and adjacent the arced surface of ~aid anvil, means for vertically adjusting and maintaining ~aid tool holder assembly at a predetermined height to provide a desired shaving gap between the cutting edge of said shaving tool and the arced metal strip can be shaved from a thicker strip drawn between the anvil and the shaving tool.
Other objects and advantage~ will become apparent by those ~killed in the art from a consideration of the description which proceeds with reference to the following drawing3.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figures 1-3 are various views of the shaving apparatu~
employed in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED D~SCRIPTION
In accordance with the present invention, the fore-going objecta and advantages are readily obtained.
Shaving i8 a metal removal process akin to machining or broaching, and utilizeq a stationary cutting tool and a moving workpiece. As in any cutting operation, such variables as speed, tool geometry, stock removal and lubrication are important, however, unlike most metal cutting, the amount of stock removal achieved in a ~having operation is co4trolled by the maximum force which can be exerted on the strip before yielding occur~. Essentially, this i~ the same kind of re-straint impoaed on a wire drawing operation. The limiting force iq, therefore, equal to the yield strength of the strip multiplied by tho strip cross aectional area after shaving.
~hla may be expressed as follows:
FmaX = Y.S. (AF) ~ .
- 6a -A ~:
.. .. . ... .. .. ~ .
.. .. ... ...... ~ . . .. .. -. .
.
, ~
10~9t;86 Where, FmaX is the l~mited ~orce;
Y.S. is the yield streng~h; and AF Is the strlp cross sectional area after shaving.
Another relationship observed is that the ~orce required to remove a given cross sectional area of strip by a shaving operation is equal to the cross sectional area of the shavlng cut multiplied by a machinlng or shaving constant, C. Thls relationship may be expressed as an equation which, when solved for C, is as follows:
C - F
Where, F ls the drawing force;
Ar is the cross sectional area removed by shaving; and C is the shaving constant.
It has been found in accordance with this invention that the successful preparation o~ multiple gauge strip may be accomplis~ed by a shaving operation if the maximum amount of metal removal per shaving pass is determined in relation to the yield strength of the strip and the shaving constant, C, determined above. This relationship is inferred from the observation that, as the drawing force is increased, a maximum force is ultimatel~ reached which corresponds to the yield strength of the strip. Thus, at this point F ~ Fma2, and, by su~stitution the following e~pression is derived;
Maximum Stock Remo~al G~l: Ar _``
Ao i ~ C/Y.S.
~ .
~ere, Ao i~ the initial cross;sectional area of the strip;
Ar is the cross sectlonal area removed by shavIng;
C is the s~aving constant; and Y.S. is the yleld strength of the strip.
Thus, by the a~ove equation the maximum stock removal per pass by shaving may be calculated by determining the shaving constant and the yield strength of the strip. The shaving constant can be calculated from experimental measurements of drawlng force which may then be substituted lnto the expression C 5 F/Ar, set forth earlier. The yield strength of the strip is determlned by normal tensile testing methods such as the 0.2% of~set yleld strength method which was used hereln.
Upon determlning the maximum stock removal in accordance wlth the procedure~ set forth above, the shaving apparatus can then be ad~usted so as not to exceed the maximum value.
Such an ad~ustment wlll, o~ course, vary wlth the nature of the apparatu~ employed. For example, in the present invention,~
the apparatus for ad~usting tool depth comprises an upside down U-shaped housing whlch is posltioned on readily replaceable gauge blocks. Ad~ustment of tool depth is made by employing various size gauge blocks.
Another conventlonal parameter which influences the successful practlce of the shavlng met~od of this invention ls t~e determination o~ the shaving tool rake angle. The rake angle is defined as the angle which the plane of the vertlcal leading surface o~ the tool defines with respect to the imaginary vertical plane perpendicular to the direction of strip traveL
3Q In cuttlng operations such as the method of this invention, it .
- 8i-_ is usually ~ound that a certain critical rake angle exists which, if exceeded, results in a loss o~ control of the thickness of the finished workpiece. Usually, a rake angle in excess o~ the critical value causes the workpiece to ride up the tool, with the result that excessive stock is removed.
The shaving apparatus employed in accordance with the present inventlon comprises an adJustable shavlng tool provided ~ith a cutting edge de~ining a pattern corresponding to the multiple gauge surface desired in the final strip product. The shaving tool is horizontally and vertically ad~ustable to ena~le shaving to ~e conducted to successfully achieve maximum possi~le strip reductions measured primaril~ in terms of volume removal. As noted above, maxlmum volume removal per shaving pass may be generally determined in relation to the yleld strength o~ the strip and then coordinated with the cross sectional con~iguration o~ the desired end product. Thls ~eing done, the apparatus ls then appropriately ad~usted to achieve the extent o~
volume removal desired. The various embodiments o~ the apparatus employed in the present invention will be descrl~ed in greater detail herein~elow.
Re~erring to Figure 1, a shaving apparatus used in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in perspective. The apparatus lQ comprises a shaving tool 12 located ad~acent and on a metal strip 14 which is ~eing drawn across arced anvil 16. The cutting edge 18 o~ the shaving tool 12 de~ines a cutting pattern whose con~igur-atlon serves as the template for the final configuration o~
the multiple gauge strip product. Attached to the arced 3o 9~ _ 10~96~36 anvil 16 for guiding the metal strip 14 are a pair o~ strip guides 22 which are symmetrically positioned about the center line of the polygauge strip and spaced apart from each other the width of strip 14. The guides 22 are securely fixed to the anvil 16 by means of bolts 24 or other suitable means. The strip guides should be manufactured of a wear resistant material such as high speed tool steel so as to limit wear which may occur because of the relatlve motion between the strip 14 and the guldes 22. The arced anvll 16 may be provided with a polished carbide insert 26 under the contact area of the tool which is secured by bolts 28 as well as by strip guides 22.
The carbide insert may be secured to the anvll by other means such as brazing, adhesives or the like. Alternately, the arced anvil itselfcculd be made of polished carbide. The radius of curvature of the arced anvil is limited on the high side by the ability to get the desired downward tensile force while minimizing total contact length and on the low side by the tendency to plastlcally deform the strip as it is drawn in tension over the anvil. It has been found that a radius of curvature from about 1 to about 12" is satisfactory, preferably from about 2 to 8".
As shown In Figure 1, the shaving tool 12 ls supported by and secured to an ad~ustable tool holder 30 comprising tool support structure 32 which is secured to vertically ad~ustable housing 34.
Housing 34 is an upside down U-shaped structure comprising vertical legs 36 which are integral with connecting horizontal member 38. Shaving tool 12 is secured in the manner shown by support struc-ture 32 which in turn is integral with the ~-shaped housing 34 so as to allow the entire ad~ustable tool holder assembly 30 to move vertically as a whole. The adjusta~le tool holder - , ~006-MB
1069~;86 .
as~embly 3~ is adapted for horizontal and vertical movement on tracks 40 and 41 in any convenient manner kncwn in the prior art for example, a screw tra~el slide connection, a slldlng Jack arrangement, by manual means, or any other suitable means. The ~ u-stable too~ ho-l&er assembly ~
30 rests on gauge blocks 42 which are readily capable of belng replaced ~y gauge blocks of varying thic~nesses.
The tool holder assembly 30 is held in lts approprlate vertlcal posltlon against the gauge blocks 42 by providing an approprlate vertical load on the horizontal member 38.
This vertical load may be in the form of simple weights or alternately hydraulic, pneumatic, or other suitable means ~or insuring that the assembly remains rigidly fixed with respect -to the anvil and strip. As is clear, flne ad~u~tments of the vertical position can be made by replacing the gauge ~locks with other gauge blocks of suitable dimensions.
As stated above, maximum stock removal is determined with respect to the yield strength of the strip and the particular configuration desired. In addition to the aforenoted ad~ustments of the vertical position of the shaving tool, a ~urther critical ad~ustment is made which relates to the rake angle of the tool edge. The rake angle is defined a~ the angle which the plane of the vertical leading surface of the tool defines with respect to the imaginary vertical plane perpendicular to the directlon of strip travel. In accordance ~ith the present invention, it has been found that the critical rake angle at ~hich the cutting tool may be dispo~ed is greatly increased o~er that of U.S. Patent 3,292,977. Thè rake angle foùnd to be useful in the aforesaid U.S. Patent was from about 2-1/2 to about . .
8006-M~
, 25 and pre~erabl~ from about 5 to about 18, In t~e present lnventlon, it has been found that as a result of the employment of an arced anvil, a rake angle as high as 45 may be employed without causing t~e strip to ride up the cutting tool. T~ls increase in rake angle is attributed to an increase ~n effective hold-down of the strip against the anvil as a result of the anvll being arced which causes the strip to wrap around said anvil. In addition, the employment of h~l~dle rolls ~not shown) ahead of and behind the arced anvil sur~ace may also be ~u~d to thereby provide additional hold-down forces of the strip against the anvil. Lncreasing thetool's rake angle from the previously defined range, as indicated in U.S. Patent 3,992,977, to that range which i~ capable o~ being attained in the present invention results in a reduced shaving stress and improved strip cosmetics. The improvement in the shaved surface finlsh results from the fact that an increase in rake angle results in a correspondlng decrease of the bullt-up material ad~acent to thetool's face. Increasing the rake angle also results in substantial reductions in shaving stress and consequently, a greater amount of materlal can be removed per pass than was previously ~ossible.
The improved ad~ustable tool holder assembly results in improved shaved gauge tolerances over those realized in aforesaid U,S. Patent 3,922,277, as a re~lt of t~ use o~
a Yertica'ly loaded tool holder against precision machined gauge blocks and rigidly fixing the position of t~e anvil, strip and tool with respect to each ot~er by applying said vertlcal load T~e shaYed gauge variation ~as reduced from + 0.002t', as stated in the aforesaid patent, to + 0.0005". In - 12 ~
'.
. . . ... .. . .. . ...... .
. 8006-MB
addltion, t.he.'employment. of strip guides on the anvil has ~.
allowed rariations ln the transverse positioning of the ' cut groove to 6e reduced from'0.005" to 0.001". In addition, providing a polished car~ide anvil or insert therefor, . .
backslde scratches of the polygauge strip were substantially reduced ~rom that of the previously known.method while .
correspondingly effecting a reductlon in shaving stress.
The totality of the modifications of the present :
invention, i.e., increasing tool rigidity, providing an .
arced anvil? strip guides, and polished carbide lnserts, results in lmproved surface finish of the shaved portion, reduced ~ackside scratching, elimination o~ chatter marks on the shaved portion, and improved shaving efficiencies by allowing a greater removal of material per pass.
While the above shaving apparatus ha~ been employed with an arced anvll, it should be appreciated that a ~reely rotating wheel may be su~stituted for the arced anvil and stlll effect the improvements of the present invention. In addltlon, the employment of a freely rotating wheel would tend to reduce frictional contact between the metal strip and the corresponding arced surface. Again,bridle rolls ahead o~ and traili~.g the rotating wheel will allow the strip to more ef~ectlvely wrap around the wheel and thereby provide better hold-do~n of the strip thereon.
The follo~ing e~ample is pre.sented in order to gain a fuller understanding of the method and apparatus of this Invention and to illustrate the advantages obtained there- ~
~rom. The. e~'ample is presented for the purpose of illustra- :.
tion onl~ and should not be construed as a limitation on the invent.lon. :.
~' .
80d6-MB
Flve samples o~ 1/8 hard CDA Alloy 128 where prepared for draw shaving. An apparatus was employed for the draw shaving which comprised a shaving tool in accordance with t~e present invention. The alloy samples comprised flat riabons of strip measuring 0.906" by 0.080". The 0.2%
yield strength of the material was 22 ksi while the ultimate tensile strength was 36 ksi. The cutting tool width was .a62" and the tool was set to cut a shaving depth of 0.007". Five samples were shaved in accordance with the present invention with the cutting tool set at a rake angle varying from 8 to 44, The radius of the arced anvil was 3". The drawing force, F, was measured for each test and the relative shaving stress was calculated using the aforenoted formula. The results of the experiment are set forth ~elo~ in Table I.
TAEL~ I
Rake Angle (Degrees~ Relatlve Shaving Stress ~ksl) Based on the data in Table I, and the mathematical relations~ip bet~een percent stock removed and shaving stress, it can be seen t~at a product fabricated with three passes using an 8 ~ake angle tool would only require one pass i~ the rake angle of the tool was set at 44. As noted previously, t~Is effective increase in allowable rake angle is directly attributed to the excellent 3o hold-down ~orce on the strip w~ich occurs as the result of ~ 14 -. 8006-MB
the employment of an arced surface over which the strip passes It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the illustrations described and shown herein, :
which are deemed to be merely illustrative of the best modes of carrying out the invention, and which are suscep-tible of modification of form, size, arrangement of parts and details of operation. ~he invention rather is intended to encompass all such modifications which are within its splrlt and scope as deflned by the clalms.
Claims (18)
1. A method for the production of a multiple gauge metal strip having at least two longitudinal regions of different thicknesses forming a generally stepped surface, said method comprising providing shaving means having an elongated cutting edge and anvil means having an arced surface, adjusting and maintaining said shaving means at a position opposed to and spaced from said anvil means to form a shaving gap, said adjusting and maintaining step including fastening said shaving means to an assembly comprising a horizontal member and vertical legs attached thereto, seating said assembly on gauge blocks of selected height, maintaining the assembly at the desired shaving gap by the application of downward pressure on said assembly and drawing a metal strip through said gap in contact with said shaving means and said arced surface, thereby shaving said strip to form a multiple gauge metal strip product.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said arced surface has a radius of curvature of about one inch to twleve inches, whereby said strip is held against said surface within said shaving gap.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said arced surface is stationary.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein said arced surface is rotatable.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said shaving means has a rake angle of about 2.5° to 45°.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting and maintaining step includes placing the shaving means in contact with the metal strip at the top region of said arced surface.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the drawing step includes passing the metal strip over the arced surface of said anvil between strip guides attached to the anvil.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein said arced anvil has a surface of polished carbide.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein said drawing step includes maintaining the metal strip in contact with the arced surface of said anvil, thereby effecting increased shaving efficiency and enhanced surface finish of the multiple gauge metal strip product.
10. Apparatus for the production of multigauge strip material comprising a tool holder assembly, said tool holder assembly including a horizontal member having spaced vertical legs depending therefrom, a shaving tool having an elongated cutting edge, said shaving tool being located between said legs and being supported by said tool holder assembly, a base, an anvil having an arced surface supported on said base, said tool holder assembly being supported on said base and said shaving tool being located opposed to and adjacent the arced surface of said anvil, means for vertically adjusting and maintaining said tool holder assembly at a predetermined height to provide a desired shaving gap between the cutting edge of said shaving tool and the arced metal strip can be shaved from a thicker strip drawn between the anvil and the shaving tool.
11. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said arced surface is stationary.
12. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said arced surface is rotatable.
13. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said anvil has a surface of carbide.
14. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said arced anvil has strip guides secured thereto.
15. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said tool has a rake angle of about 2 1/2° to about 45°.
16. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said adjust-ing and maintaining means include at least one gauge block of selected height seated between each leg of said assembly and said base.
17. Apparatus according to claim 16 wherein said adjust-ing and maintaining means include means for applying a vertical downward force to the assembly.
18. Apparatus according to claim 17 wherein the vertical force is caused by fluid pressure means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/829,908 US4147090A (en) | 1977-09-01 | 1977-09-01 | Apparatus for supporting a shaving tool in an adjustable tool holder for multiple gauge strip draw shaving |
| US05/829,907 US4147089A (en) | 1977-09-01 | 1977-09-01 | Method for the production of multiple gauge strip by draw shaving |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1069686A true CA1069686A (en) | 1980-01-15 |
Family
ID=27125307
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA309,148A Expired CA1069686A (en) | 1977-09-01 | 1978-08-11 | Method and apparatus for the production of multiple gauge strip by draw shaving |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5467286A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1069686A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2836475A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2401732A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2003413B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1105613B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4523364A (en) * | 1983-01-05 | 1985-06-18 | Olin Corporation | High speed production of multiple gauge strip |
| DE3405479A1 (en) * | 1984-02-16 | 1985-08-22 | Stolberger Metallwerke GmbH & Co KG von Asten, Lynen & Schleicher, 5190 Stolberg | METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF PROFILED METAL TAPES |
| WO2000049187A1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-08-24 | Electrocopper Products Limited | Process for making copper wire including solvent extraction, electrodeposition and cold working |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2225399A (en) * | 1938-04-01 | 1940-12-17 | Ingersoll Milling Machine Co | Metal removing method and machine |
| FR868845A (en) * | 1939-09-19 | 1942-01-17 | Johnson Bronze Co | Improvements to processes and apparatus for surfacing or planing strip materials |
| FR1588496A (en) * | 1968-06-04 | 1970-04-17 | ||
| US3865012A (en) * | 1973-02-16 | 1975-02-11 | Anaconda Co | Skiving apparatus with laterally floating support platform for producing multi-gauge metal strip of uniform width |
| US3992977A (en) * | 1974-04-22 | 1976-11-23 | Olin Corporation | Production of multiple gauge strip by draw-shaving |
| US3995516A (en) * | 1975-08-18 | 1976-12-07 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation | Apparatus for skiving grooves in flat metal strip |
-
1978
- 1978-08-11 CA CA309,148A patent/CA1069686A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-21 DE DE19782836475 patent/DE2836475A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-08-21 JP JP10098578A patent/JPS5467286A/en active Pending
- 1978-08-23 IT IT50834/78A patent/IT1105613B/en active
- 1978-08-23 FR FR7824499A patent/FR2401732A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-08-30 GB GB7835004A patent/GB2003413B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2836475A1 (en) | 1979-03-15 |
| GB2003413A (en) | 1979-03-14 |
| IT1105613B (en) | 1985-11-04 |
| GB2003413B (en) | 1982-02-10 |
| FR2401732A1 (en) | 1979-03-30 |
| IT7850834A0 (en) | 1978-08-23 |
| JPS5467286A (en) | 1979-05-30 |
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