CA1065205A - Process and equipment for the coating of a web - Google Patents
Process and equipment for the coating of a webInfo
- Publication number
- CA1065205A CA1065205A CA232,020A CA232020A CA1065205A CA 1065205 A CA1065205 A CA 1065205A CA 232020 A CA232020 A CA 232020A CA 1065205 A CA1065205 A CA 1065205A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- roll
- web
- feeding chamber
- liquid
- clearance spaces
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/28—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
- D21H23/52—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with a device carrying the material
- D21H23/56—Rolls
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
- D21H5/0005—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating
- D21H5/0025—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating by contact with a device carrying the treating material
- D21H5/003—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating by contact with a device carrying the treating material with a roller
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An apparatus and a process for coating a web, particularly a paper or a board web, with a liquid in which the metering and the distribution of the coating liquid is carried out in a single step by contacting the web with a rotating roll. The roll is received in a feed chamber containing the li-quid which is applied to the roll by being immersed in it and the quantity of liquid applied from the roll to the web is metered by means of a doctor blade cooperating with the roll. A second doctor blade is provided on the opposite side of the roll for collecting and separating liquid, and return-ing it for reuse.
An apparatus and a process for coating a web, particularly a paper or a board web, with a liquid in which the metering and the distribution of the coating liquid is carried out in a single step by contacting the web with a rotating roll. The roll is received in a feed chamber containing the li-quid which is applied to the roll by being immersed in it and the quantity of liquid applied from the roll to the web is metered by means of a doctor blade cooperating with the roll. A second doctor blade is provided on the opposite side of the roll for collecting and separating liquid, and return-ing it for reuse.
Description
5~S
This invention refers to a process and apparatus for the coating of a web material, particularly a paper or board web, with a thin layer of a liquid substance.
For the coating of a paper or board web with a thin layer of pigment, surface size, plastic dispersions or other appropriate chemicals, a number of different processes and equipment have been developed. These processes utilize rdlls, bars, brushes, blades etc. or the distribution and the metering or rationing of the coating material onto the surface of the web. ; -In these well known processes, two separate stages are involved, for instance, the coating material is spread with the aid of a rotating roll whereafter the metering is carried out with the aid of a separate roll, bar, blade etc., which wipes off the surplus of coating material and makes the coated surface smooth. The equipment thus requires a considerable amount of space and in particular can~ot be applied on-line to a paper machine without special arrangements.
In accordance with the teaching herein, a paper or board web may be coated either on-line or off-line with a thin and even layer of slze, plastic dispersion, pigment or other chemical. The coating can be carried out either directly on the paper or board machine or in a separate operation.
The herein process can also be used for the moistening of, for instance, a paper web with water only.
The equipment herein described, is a bar or roll extruder coater. In this apparatus, the metering and the distribution of the coating solution or dispersion is carried out in one single stage. As a result, the equipment itself is very small. It can thus be installed directly in, for instance, the drying section of a paper or board machine, without making it necessary to remove drying cylinders from the section. The equipment can be built cheaply. It is found that the apparatus works well over a large range of paper web speeds; according to the Applicant's experiments, at least within the range of 20 - 600 m/min.
Since the amount of coating material distributed on the web can be kept to a very low value, the amount of water per area unit of the web can - 1 - '~
~ i5~05 also be kept low, which decreases the amount of energy needed for drying.
More particularly in accordance with one aspect of the invention there is provided, a process for coating a web with a layer of a liquid substance which comprises the steps of, mounting a roll within a feeding chamber with a portion of said roll and projecting upwardly from said feeding chamber, arrang-- ing a pair of doctor blades along upper edges of said feeding chamber, project-ing towards said roll and defining clearance spaces between the respective blades and the roll, rotating said roll, maintaining a supply of said liquid substance in said chamber substantially at the level of said clearance spaces, said rotating roll providing a metered distributed quantity of said liquid on the projecting portion of said roll, and moving said web into contact with and over said projecting portion of said roll. The clearance spaces may be ad-justed to between 0.01 and 3.0mm, preferably 0.05 to l.Omm. The web may be moved angularly over and at a greater speed than that of the surface of the roll which it contacts. The metered quantity of liquid may be controlled by regulating the roll speed or the clearance spaces or both. The output side clearance space (as determined by the rotation of the roll) may be made greater than the input side clearance space.
In accordance with a second aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for coating a web comprising a housing defining a feeding chamber for a liquid coating substance, a rotatable roll received in, and with a por-tion porjecting from, an upper part of the feeding chamber: input and output side doctor blades positioned along opposite upper edges of the feeding chamber projecting towards said roll and serving to close said feeding chamber, with a defined predetermined clearance space between each respective doctor blade - and said roll, an adjustable means mounting each doctor blade respectively relative to said roll for respective adjustment of each said blade for setting its respective said predetermined clearance space, means for maintaining said coating substance at a level substantially at that defined by said clearance spaces, means for rotating said roll for metering and distributing said liquid substance onto said projecting portion of said roll, and means for contacting ;
said web with said projecting portion of said roll. There may be a pressure balancing chamber communicating with the feeding chamber through holes in the housing. Bearings may support the roll at positions along it, preferably magnetic sliding bearings.
Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a schematic sectional side view of an apparatus embodying the invention.
In the Figure, a rotating bar or roll 2, has its ends supported in ball bearings (not shown). In order to prevent the roll from sagging down-wards, or in the direction of the web handling machine, it is further supported by bearings 3, placed at chosen distances along the roll. For this purpose, magnetic sliding bearings are preferably used. The supporting bearings 3 should be as low and short as possible in order to prevent them from touching too large a part of the roll periphery, which would disturb an even distribution ~; of the coating material on the surface of the roll. On both sides of the roll, ~. A
~ 2a -~ .. ~ .
lO~jS~()5 here are two inclined doctor blades, ~ and 8. The doctor blade 4, on that side from which the wcb 1 enters the e~luipment (the input side) is mounted with the aid of the supporting plate 5 on the wall 6, and together with the base plate 7, the doctor blade 8 (on output side of the equipment), the opposite side wall and the end walls form a feeding chamber 9 for the coating solution or dispersion. Below the feeding chamber 9 is a pressure-balancing chamber 12, which is connected to the feeding chamber through two rows of holes 10 and 11 drilled in the base plate 7. The pressure-balancing chamber 12 is connected to a storage tank (not shown). Beyond the output side doctor blade 8 is a collecting channel 15, which also is connected to the stor-age tank. The rotation speed of the roll2 can be regulated as can the width of openings 13 and 14 between the rolland the doctor blades 4 and 8, respect-ively. The width of the openings 13 and 14 can be regulated for instance, within the range 0.01 - 3.0 mm, preferably within the range 0.05 - 1.0 mm.
In operation the coating solution or dispersion is pumped from the storage tank to the feeding chamber 9 in such a way, that the "surface" of the solution essentially remains at the level of the upper edges of the doctor blades 4 and 8. The flow from the feeding chamber 9 takes place via the row of holes 10 and 11 and the pressure-balancing chamber 12. In this way, an even flow to the feeding chamber is obtained. Overflow of coating solution or dispersion over the doctor blade 8 enters collecting channel 15, from which it is fed back into the storage tank.
The paper or board web 1 is passed over the rotating ro~ 2 so that the web forms an angle over the roll 2. When rotating, ~he ro~ 2 transfers coating solution or dispersion from the feeding chamber through the opening 13. The amount of a certain coating solution or dispersion transferred to the rollat a given rotational speed is determined by the width of the opening 13 between the doctor blade 4, and the roll. The control variables of tl-e roll extruding coater are thus the rotational speed of the roll2 and the width of openings between the roll and the doctor blades 4 and 8 on each side of it, i.e., the input opening 13 and the output opening 14. When the ro~ 2 rotates in the direction of movement of the paper web, the peripheral speed of the ro~ is generally lower than the speed of the web 1. In this case the width r - 3 ~A
of the output side opening 14 is set a~ a larger value than the input side opening 13, which has been set at a suitahle value. ~len the output side opening 14 is larger than the input side opening 13, the coating solution or dispersion fills up the feeding chamber 9 at a smooth rate. If the output side opening 14 is equal to or smaller than the input opening 13,entrained air following the rotating ro~ from the output side into the chamber 9 may disturb the filling of the chamber. The edges of the paper web are kept clean with the aid of thin trailing metal blades as is common in coating techniques.
Example An experimental run was carried out using a paper with a base weight of about 70 g/m . The width of the web was 60 cm. The web was coated with starch size. The speed of the web was 500 m/min and the diameter of the roll 30 mm. The rotational speed of the rollwas regulated to 64 rpm, which meant that its peripherical speed was 6 m/min. The width of the input opening was regulated to 0.1 mm and the output opening was set at 0.2 mm. A very even distribution of the starch size into a thin layer on the paper surface was obtained The invention is not limited only to the particular apparatus described above and to the example of application presented, but it may vary considerably within the limits of the claims below. The rotational ; direction of theroll may also be opposite to that of movement of the web thus reversing to some extent the functions oE doctor blades 4 and 8. The coating substance can also be transferred to the roll in some other suitable way, for instance, by spraying. Instead of having two doctor blades, one on the input and one on the output side, the equipment may have only one blade, which then is on the input side.
.j :, "
~ ' - 4 i~ I
- .
This invention refers to a process and apparatus for the coating of a web material, particularly a paper or board web, with a thin layer of a liquid substance.
For the coating of a paper or board web with a thin layer of pigment, surface size, plastic dispersions or other appropriate chemicals, a number of different processes and equipment have been developed. These processes utilize rdlls, bars, brushes, blades etc. or the distribution and the metering or rationing of the coating material onto the surface of the web. ; -In these well known processes, two separate stages are involved, for instance, the coating material is spread with the aid of a rotating roll whereafter the metering is carried out with the aid of a separate roll, bar, blade etc., which wipes off the surplus of coating material and makes the coated surface smooth. The equipment thus requires a considerable amount of space and in particular can~ot be applied on-line to a paper machine without special arrangements.
In accordance with the teaching herein, a paper or board web may be coated either on-line or off-line with a thin and even layer of slze, plastic dispersion, pigment or other chemical. The coating can be carried out either directly on the paper or board machine or in a separate operation.
The herein process can also be used for the moistening of, for instance, a paper web with water only.
The equipment herein described, is a bar or roll extruder coater. In this apparatus, the metering and the distribution of the coating solution or dispersion is carried out in one single stage. As a result, the equipment itself is very small. It can thus be installed directly in, for instance, the drying section of a paper or board machine, without making it necessary to remove drying cylinders from the section. The equipment can be built cheaply. It is found that the apparatus works well over a large range of paper web speeds; according to the Applicant's experiments, at least within the range of 20 - 600 m/min.
Since the amount of coating material distributed on the web can be kept to a very low value, the amount of water per area unit of the web can - 1 - '~
~ i5~05 also be kept low, which decreases the amount of energy needed for drying.
More particularly in accordance with one aspect of the invention there is provided, a process for coating a web with a layer of a liquid substance which comprises the steps of, mounting a roll within a feeding chamber with a portion of said roll and projecting upwardly from said feeding chamber, arrang-- ing a pair of doctor blades along upper edges of said feeding chamber, project-ing towards said roll and defining clearance spaces between the respective blades and the roll, rotating said roll, maintaining a supply of said liquid substance in said chamber substantially at the level of said clearance spaces, said rotating roll providing a metered distributed quantity of said liquid on the projecting portion of said roll, and moving said web into contact with and over said projecting portion of said roll. The clearance spaces may be ad-justed to between 0.01 and 3.0mm, preferably 0.05 to l.Omm. The web may be moved angularly over and at a greater speed than that of the surface of the roll which it contacts. The metered quantity of liquid may be controlled by regulating the roll speed or the clearance spaces or both. The output side clearance space (as determined by the rotation of the roll) may be made greater than the input side clearance space.
In accordance with a second aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for coating a web comprising a housing defining a feeding chamber for a liquid coating substance, a rotatable roll received in, and with a por-tion porjecting from, an upper part of the feeding chamber: input and output side doctor blades positioned along opposite upper edges of the feeding chamber projecting towards said roll and serving to close said feeding chamber, with a defined predetermined clearance space between each respective doctor blade - and said roll, an adjustable means mounting each doctor blade respectively relative to said roll for respective adjustment of each said blade for setting its respective said predetermined clearance space, means for maintaining said coating substance at a level substantially at that defined by said clearance spaces, means for rotating said roll for metering and distributing said liquid substance onto said projecting portion of said roll, and means for contacting ;
said web with said projecting portion of said roll. There may be a pressure balancing chamber communicating with the feeding chamber through holes in the housing. Bearings may support the roll at positions along it, preferably magnetic sliding bearings.
Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a schematic sectional side view of an apparatus embodying the invention.
In the Figure, a rotating bar or roll 2, has its ends supported in ball bearings (not shown). In order to prevent the roll from sagging down-wards, or in the direction of the web handling machine, it is further supported by bearings 3, placed at chosen distances along the roll. For this purpose, magnetic sliding bearings are preferably used. The supporting bearings 3 should be as low and short as possible in order to prevent them from touching too large a part of the roll periphery, which would disturb an even distribution ~; of the coating material on the surface of the roll. On both sides of the roll, ~. A
~ 2a -~ .. ~ .
lO~jS~()5 here are two inclined doctor blades, ~ and 8. The doctor blade 4, on that side from which the wcb 1 enters the e~luipment (the input side) is mounted with the aid of the supporting plate 5 on the wall 6, and together with the base plate 7, the doctor blade 8 (on output side of the equipment), the opposite side wall and the end walls form a feeding chamber 9 for the coating solution or dispersion. Below the feeding chamber 9 is a pressure-balancing chamber 12, which is connected to the feeding chamber through two rows of holes 10 and 11 drilled in the base plate 7. The pressure-balancing chamber 12 is connected to a storage tank (not shown). Beyond the output side doctor blade 8 is a collecting channel 15, which also is connected to the stor-age tank. The rotation speed of the roll2 can be regulated as can the width of openings 13 and 14 between the rolland the doctor blades 4 and 8, respect-ively. The width of the openings 13 and 14 can be regulated for instance, within the range 0.01 - 3.0 mm, preferably within the range 0.05 - 1.0 mm.
In operation the coating solution or dispersion is pumped from the storage tank to the feeding chamber 9 in such a way, that the "surface" of the solution essentially remains at the level of the upper edges of the doctor blades 4 and 8. The flow from the feeding chamber 9 takes place via the row of holes 10 and 11 and the pressure-balancing chamber 12. In this way, an even flow to the feeding chamber is obtained. Overflow of coating solution or dispersion over the doctor blade 8 enters collecting channel 15, from which it is fed back into the storage tank.
The paper or board web 1 is passed over the rotating ro~ 2 so that the web forms an angle over the roll 2. When rotating, ~he ro~ 2 transfers coating solution or dispersion from the feeding chamber through the opening 13. The amount of a certain coating solution or dispersion transferred to the rollat a given rotational speed is determined by the width of the opening 13 between the doctor blade 4, and the roll. The control variables of tl-e roll extruding coater are thus the rotational speed of the roll2 and the width of openings between the roll and the doctor blades 4 and 8 on each side of it, i.e., the input opening 13 and the output opening 14. When the ro~ 2 rotates in the direction of movement of the paper web, the peripheral speed of the ro~ is generally lower than the speed of the web 1. In this case the width r - 3 ~A
of the output side opening 14 is set a~ a larger value than the input side opening 13, which has been set at a suitahle value. ~len the output side opening 14 is larger than the input side opening 13, the coating solution or dispersion fills up the feeding chamber 9 at a smooth rate. If the output side opening 14 is equal to or smaller than the input opening 13,entrained air following the rotating ro~ from the output side into the chamber 9 may disturb the filling of the chamber. The edges of the paper web are kept clean with the aid of thin trailing metal blades as is common in coating techniques.
Example An experimental run was carried out using a paper with a base weight of about 70 g/m . The width of the web was 60 cm. The web was coated with starch size. The speed of the web was 500 m/min and the diameter of the roll 30 mm. The rotational speed of the rollwas regulated to 64 rpm, which meant that its peripherical speed was 6 m/min. The width of the input opening was regulated to 0.1 mm and the output opening was set at 0.2 mm. A very even distribution of the starch size into a thin layer on the paper surface was obtained The invention is not limited only to the particular apparatus described above and to the example of application presented, but it may vary considerably within the limits of the claims below. The rotational ; direction of theroll may also be opposite to that of movement of the web thus reversing to some extent the functions oE doctor blades 4 and 8. The coating substance can also be transferred to the roll in some other suitable way, for instance, by spraying. Instead of having two doctor blades, one on the input and one on the output side, the equipment may have only one blade, which then is on the input side.
.j :, "
~ ' - 4 i~ I
- .
Claims (12)
1. A process for coating a web with a layer of a liquid substance which comprises the steps of, mounting a roll within a feeding chamber with a portion of said roll and projecting upwardly from said feeding chamber, arranging a pair of doctor blades along upper edges of said feeding chamber, projecting towards said roll and defining clearance spaces between the respective blades and the roll, rotating said roll, maintaining a supply of said liquid substance in said chamber substan-tially at the level of said clearance spaces, said rotating roll providing a metered distributed quantity of said liquid on the projecting portion of said roll, and moving said web into contact with and over said projecting portion of said roll.
2. A process as defined in claim 1, comprising the step of adjusting the clearance spaces to be within the range of 0.01 to 3.0 mm.
3. A process as defined in claim 1, comprising the step of adjusting the clearance spaces to be within the range of 0.05 to 1.0 mm.
4. A process as defined in claim 1, the web being moved in the same direction as said roll where said web contacts said roll, the web being moved at a speed greater than that of the surface of said roll.
5. A process as defined in claim 1, the web being moved angularly over said roll.
6. A process as defined in claim 1, comprising the step of regulating the speed of rotating of said roll for controlling the metered quantity of the liquid.
7. A process as defined in claim 1, comprising the step of adjusting said clearance spaces for controlling the metered quantity of the liquid.
8. A process as defined in claim 1, the web being moved in the same direction as the surface of said roll where said web contacts said roll, the rotating of said roll defining one of said clearance spaces as an output side space and the other of said clearance spaces as an input side space, and including the step of adjusting the output side space to a value larger then the input side space.
9. Apparatus for coating a web comprising:
a housing defining a feeding chamber for a liquid coating substance, a rotatable roll received in, and with a portion projecting from, an upper part of the feeding chamber:
input and output side doctor blades positioned along opposite upper edges of the feeding chamber projecting towards said roll and serving to close said feeding chamber, with a defined predetermined clearance space between each respective doctor blade and said roll, an adjustable means mounting each doctor blade respectively relative to said roll for respective adjustment of each said blade for setting its respec-tive said predetermined clearance space, means for maintaining said coating substance at a level substantially at that defined by said clearance spaces, means for rotating said roll for metering and distributing said liquid substance onto said projecting portion of said roll, and means for contacting said web with said projecting portion of said roll.
a housing defining a feeding chamber for a liquid coating substance, a rotatable roll received in, and with a portion projecting from, an upper part of the feeding chamber:
input and output side doctor blades positioned along opposite upper edges of the feeding chamber projecting towards said roll and serving to close said feeding chamber, with a defined predetermined clearance space between each respective doctor blade and said roll, an adjustable means mounting each doctor blade respectively relative to said roll for respective adjustment of each said blade for setting its respec-tive said predetermined clearance space, means for maintaining said coating substance at a level substantially at that defined by said clearance spaces, means for rotating said roll for metering and distributing said liquid substance onto said projecting portion of said roll, and means for contacting said web with said projecting portion of said roll.
10. Apparatus as defined in claim 9, comprising a pressure balancing chamber and holes defined in said housing forming communication means between said pressure balancing and feeding chambers.
11. Apparatus as defined in claim 10, comprising bearings supporting said roll at positions along the said roll.
12. Apparatus as defined in claim 11, said bearings comprising magnetic sliding bearings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI2232/74A FI54167C (en) | 1974-07-23 | 1974-07-23 | FOERFARANDE OCH ANORDNING FOER BESTRYKNING AV BANA |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1065205A true CA1065205A (en) | 1979-10-30 |
Family
ID=8506830
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA232,020A Expired CA1065205A (en) | 1974-07-23 | 1975-07-22 | Process and equipment for the coating of a web |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1065205A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2526390A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI54167C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1462327A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7506943L (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH624526B (en) * | 1977-12-19 | Polytype Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR APPLYING FLOWABLE APPLICATION MEDIA TO TWO-DIMENSIONAL RAILWAYS OR. ARCH-SHAPED SUBSTRATES OR THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHAPED BODIES WITH CURVED SURFACES. | |
| JPH027663Y2 (en) * | 1985-09-06 | 1990-02-23 | ||
| DE3751172T2 (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1995-11-09 | Yasui Seiki Kk | Feed arrangement for a coating device. |
| DE19527902B4 (en) * | 1995-07-29 | 2004-02-26 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Application system for a device for coating a paper or cardboard web |
| CN112958367A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-15 | 杨国荣 | Possesses bamboo wood goods that adjust and roll lacquer thickness and roll lacquer processingequipment |
-
1974
- 1974-07-23 FI FI2232/74A patent/FI54167C/en active
-
1975
- 1975-06-13 DE DE19752526390 patent/DE2526390A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-06-17 SE SE7506943A patent/SE7506943L/en unknown
- 1975-06-18 GB GB2600575A patent/GB1462327A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-07-22 CA CA232,020A patent/CA1065205A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1462327A (en) | 1977-01-26 |
| FI223274A (en) | 1976-01-24 |
| FI54167B (en) | 1978-06-30 |
| DE2526390A1 (en) | 1976-02-05 |
| FI54167C (en) | 1978-10-10 |
| SE7506943L (en) | 1976-01-26 |
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