CA1065003A - Cathode ray tube having improved line-screen structure - Google Patents
Cathode ray tube having improved line-screen structureInfo
- Publication number
- CA1065003A CA1065003A CA250,924A CA250924A CA1065003A CA 1065003 A CA1065003 A CA 1065003A CA 250924 A CA250924 A CA 250924A CA 1065003 A CA1065003 A CA 1065003A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- screen
- faceplate
- lines
- sides
- tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
- H01J29/06—Screens for shielding; Masks interposed in the electron stream
- H01J29/07—Shadow masks for colour television tubes
- H01J29/076—Shadow masks for colour television tubes characterised by the shape or distribution of beam-passing apertures
Landscapes
- Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
- Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Formation Of Various Coating Films On Cathode Ray Tubes And Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
CATHODE-RAY TUBE HAVING IMPROVED
LINE-SCREEN STRUCTURE
Abstract A tube has a faceplate including a cathodolumines-cent line screen thereon. The faceplate is substantially rectangular with curved, rather than straight, sides. A
slit apertured mask is mounted within the tube in spaced relation to the screen. The substantially vertical columns of slits are related to the surface contours of the faceplate and mask, the edge contour of the sides of the faceplate, and a deflection angle of the tube. The end cathodoluminescent lines at the horizontal sides of the screen are formed so that they are parallel to the edge contour of the sides of the faceplate.
LINE-SCREEN STRUCTURE
Abstract A tube has a faceplate including a cathodolumines-cent line screen thereon. The faceplate is substantially rectangular with curved, rather than straight, sides. A
slit apertured mask is mounted within the tube in spaced relation to the screen. The substantially vertical columns of slits are related to the surface contours of the faceplate and mask, the edge contour of the sides of the faceplate, and a deflection angle of the tube. The end cathodoluminescent lines at the horizontal sides of the screen are formed so that they are parallel to the edge contour of the sides of the faceplate.
Description
` R~A 69648 11)65003 This invention relates to cathode-ray tubes having cathodoluminescent line screens and slit apertured masks therein, and particularly to a screen structure of improved visual acceptance.
Recent cathode-ray tubes developed and marketed for use in color television receivers have had spherically-contoured rectangular faceplates with l-ine screens of cathodoluminescent materials thereon and somewhat spherically-contoured slit-apertured shadow masks adjacent to the screens.
Although such tubes have gained widespread commercial acceptance, their screens have had an undesirable jaggedness at the horizontal sides. This jaggedness is caused by the printing of straight cathodoluminescent lines at the side edges of the screen in a tube wherein the actual contours of the side edges of the faceplate are curved; the end lines on the screen are shortened because they intercept the curved ~side of the faceplate. Successive screen lines inward from ; the end lines are of increasing length approaching the center of the screen since they intercept the faceplate sidewall nearer the top and bottom of the faceplate.
` In accordance with the present invention, a cathode-ray tube has a faceplate including a cathodoluminescent line screen thereon. The faceplate is substantially rectangular with a pair of mutually opposite curved sides. A slit ~ ~
25 apertured mask is mounted within the tube in spaced relation ; -.to the screen. The substantially vertical columns of slits -are related to the surface contours of the faceplate and mask, the edge contour of the sides of the faceplate, and a deflection angle of the tube. The end cathodoluminescent i ! 30 ~ -2-.,i q~
.. .
,~ ': . ' '' ' ' ': ' ' ' ', ' ' , .' . .
.
~` RCA 69648 ~C~65~)03 lines adjacent the curved sides of the screen parallel the contour of the curved sides. The sides of the viewing screen therefore end in continuous uninterrupted lines which are more visually acceptable than lines of stepped or varied leng~h.
In the drawings:
FIGIJRE l is a plan view in axial section of an apertured-mask cathode-ray tube.
FIGURE 2 is a plan view of a line screen of a prior-art cathode-ray tube.
FIGURE 3 is a plan view of a line screen of a cathode-ray tube incorporating the present invention.
FIGURE 4 is a plan view of a tube faceplate having an apertured mask therein used for screening the screen of - 15 FIGURE 3.
FIGURE 5 is an enlarged view of a portion 5 of the mask of FIGURE 4.
In detail, FIGURE l illustrates a rectangular color picture tube having an evacuated glass envelope 20 comprising a rectangular panel or cap 22 and a tubular neck 24 joined by a funnel 26. The panel 22 comprises a viewing faceplate 28 and a peripheral flange or sidewall 30 which is sealed to the funnel 26. A mosaic three-color cathodoluminescent line ` screen 32 is located on the inner surface of the faceplate 28 -and comprises an array of vertical phosphor lines, the lines extending substantially parallel to the vertical axis of the tube. The area between the cathodoluminescent lines may be filled with a light absorbing material. A multiapertured color selection electrode or shadow mask 34 is removably-i 30 mounted in predetermined spaced relationship to the screen , ~065003 1 32 An inline electron gun 36 (illustrated schematically) is mounted within the neck 24 to generate and direct three electron beams 38B, 38R and 38G along co-planar convergent paths through the mask 34 to the screen 32.
The tube of FIGURE l is desi~ned to be used with : an external magnetic deflection yoke 40 surrounding the nec~ 24 and funnel 26 in the vicinity of their junction.
When appropriate voltages are applied to the yoke 40, the three beams 38B, 38R and 38G are subjected to vertical and horizontal magnetic fields that cause the beams to scan ~ horizontally and vertically in a rectangular raster over the screen 32. For simplicity, the actual curvature of the ~ paths of the deflected beams in the deflection zone is not ; shown in FIGURE l. Instead the beams are schematically shown as havin~ an instantaneous bend at the plane of deflection P-P. :
- A portion of a faceplate 42 having a prior-art . line screen 44 therein is shown in FIGURE 2. The straight -~
lines 46 of this screen 44 are vertical, becoming shortened ~
as the sides of the screen are approached to accommodate ~;
the curved contour of the sides 48 of the tube faceplate 42 The aesthetic effect of this shortening of lines is undesir-able since the edges of the screen appear ragged or step-shaped. .
A portion of a faceplate 50 having an improved line screen 52, that overcomes the aesthetic problem of the prior -, art, is shown in FIGURE 3. In this screen 52, the lines 54 are contoured or shaped to follow, i.e., parallel, the edge contour of the curved sides 56 of the faceplate 50. Because , -.: . .
, . ; . . ~ . . .
l f this line shaping, the left-most and right-most end lines 58 extend from substantially the top to substantially the bottom of the faceplate. As can be seen from FI~URES
Recent cathode-ray tubes developed and marketed for use in color television receivers have had spherically-contoured rectangular faceplates with l-ine screens of cathodoluminescent materials thereon and somewhat spherically-contoured slit-apertured shadow masks adjacent to the screens.
Although such tubes have gained widespread commercial acceptance, their screens have had an undesirable jaggedness at the horizontal sides. This jaggedness is caused by the printing of straight cathodoluminescent lines at the side edges of the screen in a tube wherein the actual contours of the side edges of the faceplate are curved; the end lines on the screen are shortened because they intercept the curved ~side of the faceplate. Successive screen lines inward from ; the end lines are of increasing length approaching the center of the screen since they intercept the faceplate sidewall nearer the top and bottom of the faceplate.
` In accordance with the present invention, a cathode-ray tube has a faceplate including a cathodoluminescent line screen thereon. The faceplate is substantially rectangular with a pair of mutually opposite curved sides. A slit ~ ~
25 apertured mask is mounted within the tube in spaced relation ; -.to the screen. The substantially vertical columns of slits -are related to the surface contours of the faceplate and mask, the edge contour of the sides of the faceplate, and a deflection angle of the tube. The end cathodoluminescent i ! 30 ~ -2-.,i q~
.. .
,~ ': . ' '' ' ' ': ' ' ' ', ' ' , .' . .
.
~` RCA 69648 ~C~65~)03 lines adjacent the curved sides of the screen parallel the contour of the curved sides. The sides of the viewing screen therefore end in continuous uninterrupted lines which are more visually acceptable than lines of stepped or varied leng~h.
In the drawings:
FIGIJRE l is a plan view in axial section of an apertured-mask cathode-ray tube.
FIGURE 2 is a plan view of a line screen of a prior-art cathode-ray tube.
FIGURE 3 is a plan view of a line screen of a cathode-ray tube incorporating the present invention.
FIGURE 4 is a plan view of a tube faceplate having an apertured mask therein used for screening the screen of - 15 FIGURE 3.
FIGURE 5 is an enlarged view of a portion 5 of the mask of FIGURE 4.
In detail, FIGURE l illustrates a rectangular color picture tube having an evacuated glass envelope 20 comprising a rectangular panel or cap 22 and a tubular neck 24 joined by a funnel 26. The panel 22 comprises a viewing faceplate 28 and a peripheral flange or sidewall 30 which is sealed to the funnel 26. A mosaic three-color cathodoluminescent line ` screen 32 is located on the inner surface of the faceplate 28 -and comprises an array of vertical phosphor lines, the lines extending substantially parallel to the vertical axis of the tube. The area between the cathodoluminescent lines may be filled with a light absorbing material. A multiapertured color selection electrode or shadow mask 34 is removably-i 30 mounted in predetermined spaced relationship to the screen , ~065003 1 32 An inline electron gun 36 (illustrated schematically) is mounted within the neck 24 to generate and direct three electron beams 38B, 38R and 38G along co-planar convergent paths through the mask 34 to the screen 32.
The tube of FIGURE l is desi~ned to be used with : an external magnetic deflection yoke 40 surrounding the nec~ 24 and funnel 26 in the vicinity of their junction.
When appropriate voltages are applied to the yoke 40, the three beams 38B, 38R and 38G are subjected to vertical and horizontal magnetic fields that cause the beams to scan ~ horizontally and vertically in a rectangular raster over the screen 32. For simplicity, the actual curvature of the ~ paths of the deflected beams in the deflection zone is not ; shown in FIGURE l. Instead the beams are schematically shown as havin~ an instantaneous bend at the plane of deflection P-P. :
- A portion of a faceplate 42 having a prior-art . line screen 44 therein is shown in FIGURE 2. The straight -~
lines 46 of this screen 44 are vertical, becoming shortened ~
as the sides of the screen are approached to accommodate ~;
the curved contour of the sides 48 of the tube faceplate 42 The aesthetic effect of this shortening of lines is undesir-able since the edges of the screen appear ragged or step-shaped. .
A portion of a faceplate 50 having an improved line screen 52, that overcomes the aesthetic problem of the prior -, art, is shown in FIGURE 3. In this screen 52, the lines 54 are contoured or shaped to follow, i.e., parallel, the edge contour of the curved sides 56 of the faceplate 50. Because , -.: . .
, . ; . . ~ . . .
l f this line shaping, the left-most and right-most end lines 58 extend from substantially the top to substantially the bottom of the faceplate. As can be seen from FI~URES
2 and 3, the sides of the faceplate are ~oined to the top and bottom of the faceplate at curved corners. For simplicity, these curved corners up to end lines 58 are considered parts of the top and bottom of the tube faceplate.
In order to obtain visual uniformity of the screen lines, the iines adjacent the end lines 58 are blended gradually from a more curved configuration near the sides of ; the faceplate to a straighter configuration with increasin~
distance from the sides. Because of this curvature grading, ; either the phosphor lines at the sides of the screen can be made thicker at the horizontal axis (X-X) than at their ends ~as shown), or the spacing between lines, as in a matrix - - version of the tube, can be made horizontally wider at the top and bottom of the screen than at the horizontal axis of the screen.
The principal method now used for screening or forming the lines on a cathode-ray tube screen is a photo-printing method that uses the apertured mask as a photo-master, such as described in United States Patent No. 3,406,068 issued to H. B. Law on October 15, 1968. This patent discloses the use of a point light source to expose the screen, When the point source is used with a mask having slit-shaped apertures (vertical slits separated bylsolid webs), the lines on the screen are dashed or interrupted. To obtain continuous lines, a line light source or a plurality of point light sources is used that a vertically elongated in the longitudinal direction of the slits. Since the present .~
,. , .. . :
RC~ 69648 1 ~n~ention concerns the shape of screen lines, it is applicable to either interrupted screen lines or to continuous screen lines.
To achieve screen lines at the left and right edges of the screen that extend from the top to the bottom of the screen, it is necessary to contour the openings in the photomaster (or closing if a positive photomaster is used) so that the light source will expose the desired lines at the horizontal sides of the faceplate. Using the method disclosed in the previously referenced patent, such photomaster would be the apertured slit mask. In the slit mask, columns of slits are contoured in aecordance with electron beam trajectories that can strike the screen immediately adjacent the left and right sides of the faceplate. :
It is known that the light paths from the light source during tube screening are usually corrected by optical lens means to follow at least the final paths of such electron beam trajectories. The exact contour of the slit columns .1 :
is related to several factors including the surface contour ~ 20 of the faceplate and mask, the edge contour of the side o-f - the faceplate ~or faceplate sidewall) and the deflection angle of the tube. For example, for a typical llO-degrée-deflection 25V ~63.Scm. diagonal screen) color television tube having a spherically-contoured faceplate with a radius of curvature of 103.378 cm., a mask with a minor axis ~Y-Y in FIGURE 4) radius of curvature of 111.8cm.`and a major axis (X-X in FIGURE 4) radius of curvature of 99.lcm., and a sidewall 6.9 degrees off from vertical at a point on the sidewall 17.33 cm. above the horizontal central axis, the slit column deviation from vertical at a corresponding 1~)6~003 1 location adjacent the sidewall must be 6.5 degrees to obtain the desired shaping of the screen lines relative to the contour of the sides of the faceplate.
FIGURES 4 and 5 illustrate a form of slit column contouring that achieves end lines on the screen that parallel the sides of the faceplate. An apertured mask 60 mounted in a faceplate 62 is shown in FIGURE 4 and an enlargement of a small portion 5 of the mask 60 is shown in FIGURF. 5. The columns 64 of apertures 66 are contou~ed into what may be described as bow-shaped or barrel-shaped.
~When the present invention is used in line screen - tubes that have been screened with either a line or plural-point light source to obtain continuous lines, the contouring of the slit columns in the mask also provide compensation for a printing problem that occurs with masks having straight columns. Although straight screen lines are printed, the individual sections of the edge lines formed ~;by light exposure through the individual apertures of a column are skewed. Such skewing is caused by the geometric relationship between the line light source, curved mask and curved faceplate, and results in the formation of a ragged looking straight line.
Another advantage of the present inven~ion is provided by the contouring of the mask aperture columns to 25 obtain the desired line formation. In prior art spherically-contoured faceplate tubes having vertically straight slit columns and lines, vertical movement of the electron beams causes some horizontal misregister in the corners of the screen. The contouring of cathodoluminescent lines in the :. 30 -~
present invention provides compensation for this type of misregister.
, ,. . . ~
In order to obtain visual uniformity of the screen lines, the iines adjacent the end lines 58 are blended gradually from a more curved configuration near the sides of ; the faceplate to a straighter configuration with increasin~
distance from the sides. Because of this curvature grading, ; either the phosphor lines at the sides of the screen can be made thicker at the horizontal axis (X-X) than at their ends ~as shown), or the spacing between lines, as in a matrix - - version of the tube, can be made horizontally wider at the top and bottom of the screen than at the horizontal axis of the screen.
The principal method now used for screening or forming the lines on a cathode-ray tube screen is a photo-printing method that uses the apertured mask as a photo-master, such as described in United States Patent No. 3,406,068 issued to H. B. Law on October 15, 1968. This patent discloses the use of a point light source to expose the screen, When the point source is used with a mask having slit-shaped apertures (vertical slits separated bylsolid webs), the lines on the screen are dashed or interrupted. To obtain continuous lines, a line light source or a plurality of point light sources is used that a vertically elongated in the longitudinal direction of the slits. Since the present .~
,. , .. . :
RC~ 69648 1 ~n~ention concerns the shape of screen lines, it is applicable to either interrupted screen lines or to continuous screen lines.
To achieve screen lines at the left and right edges of the screen that extend from the top to the bottom of the screen, it is necessary to contour the openings in the photomaster (or closing if a positive photomaster is used) so that the light source will expose the desired lines at the horizontal sides of the faceplate. Using the method disclosed in the previously referenced patent, such photomaster would be the apertured slit mask. In the slit mask, columns of slits are contoured in aecordance with electron beam trajectories that can strike the screen immediately adjacent the left and right sides of the faceplate. :
It is known that the light paths from the light source during tube screening are usually corrected by optical lens means to follow at least the final paths of such electron beam trajectories. The exact contour of the slit columns .1 :
is related to several factors including the surface contour ~ 20 of the faceplate and mask, the edge contour of the side o-f - the faceplate ~or faceplate sidewall) and the deflection angle of the tube. For example, for a typical llO-degrée-deflection 25V ~63.Scm. diagonal screen) color television tube having a spherically-contoured faceplate with a radius of curvature of 103.378 cm., a mask with a minor axis ~Y-Y in FIGURE 4) radius of curvature of 111.8cm.`and a major axis (X-X in FIGURE 4) radius of curvature of 99.lcm., and a sidewall 6.9 degrees off from vertical at a point on the sidewall 17.33 cm. above the horizontal central axis, the slit column deviation from vertical at a corresponding 1~)6~003 1 location adjacent the sidewall must be 6.5 degrees to obtain the desired shaping of the screen lines relative to the contour of the sides of the faceplate.
FIGURES 4 and 5 illustrate a form of slit column contouring that achieves end lines on the screen that parallel the sides of the faceplate. An apertured mask 60 mounted in a faceplate 62 is shown in FIGURE 4 and an enlargement of a small portion 5 of the mask 60 is shown in FIGURF. 5. The columns 64 of apertures 66 are contou~ed into what may be described as bow-shaped or barrel-shaped.
~When the present invention is used in line screen - tubes that have been screened with either a line or plural-point light source to obtain continuous lines, the contouring of the slit columns in the mask also provide compensation for a printing problem that occurs with masks having straight columns. Although straight screen lines are printed, the individual sections of the edge lines formed ~;by light exposure through the individual apertures of a column are skewed. Such skewing is caused by the geometric relationship between the line light source, curved mask and curved faceplate, and results in the formation of a ragged looking straight line.
Another advantage of the present inven~ion is provided by the contouring of the mask aperture columns to 25 obtain the desired line formation. In prior art spherically-contoured faceplate tubes having vertically straight slit columns and lines, vertical movement of the electron beams causes some horizontal misregister in the corners of the screen. The contouring of cathodoluminescent lines in the :. 30 -~
present invention provides compensation for this type of misregister.
, ,. . . ~
Claims (3)
1. A cathode-ray tube including a substantially rectangular faceplate having a pair of mutually opposite curved vertical sides, a cathodoluminescent line screen disposed on said faceplate, and a slit apertured mask mounted within said tube in spaced relation to said screen, the slits being arranged in substantially vertical columns;
wherein the contour of said vertical columns is related to the surface contours of said faceplate and said mask, to the edge contour of said curved sides of said faceplate and to a deflection angle of said tube, and the end cathodoluminescent lines of said screen adjacent to said curved sides of said faceplate parallel the contour thereof.
wherein the contour of said vertical columns is related to the surface contours of said faceplate and said mask, to the edge contour of said curved sides of said faceplate and to a deflection angle of said tube, and the end cathodoluminescent lines of said screen adjacent to said curved sides of said faceplate parallel the contour thereof.
2. The cathode-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein cathodoluminescent lines in the side portions of said screen are horizontally wider at the horizontal central axis than at the top and bottom of said screen.
3. The cathode-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal spacing between cathodoluminescent lines in the side portions of said screen are horizontally wider at the top and bottom than at the horizontal central axis of said screen.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US57468475A | 1975-05-05 | 1975-05-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1065003A true CA1065003A (en) | 1979-10-23 |
Family
ID=24297182
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA250,924A Expired CA1065003A (en) | 1975-05-05 | 1976-04-23 | Cathode ray tube having improved line-screen structure |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS51137371A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT351086B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE841490A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7602776A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1065003A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2619871A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES447441A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2310628A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1541301A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1059035B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX3227E (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7604736A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL126028B1 (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1170980A3 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA762561B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2656995C2 (en) * | 1976-12-16 | 1983-12-01 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Rectangular color selection mask for a color cathode ray tube |
| NL7703233A (en) * | 1977-03-25 | 1978-09-27 | Philips Nv | TELEVISION DISPLAY TUBE. |
| NL7711713A (en) * | 1977-10-26 | 1979-05-01 | Philips Nv | COLOR IMAGE TUBE. |
| NL8304179A (en) * | 1983-12-06 | 1985-07-01 | Philips Nv | COLOR IMAGE TUBE AND DISPLAY EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A COLOR IMAGE TUBE. |
| SU1461377A3 (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1989-02-23 | Рка Корпорейшн (Фирма) | Colour kinescope |
| DE3511104A1 (en) * | 1985-03-27 | 1986-10-02 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Shadow mask for a colour cathode ray tube |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5244511B2 (en) * | 1972-08-30 | 1977-11-08 | ||
| NL7303077A (en) * | 1973-03-06 | 1974-09-10 |
-
1976
- 1976-04-23 CA CA250,924A patent/CA1065003A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-28 ZA ZA762561A patent/ZA762561B/en unknown
- 1976-04-29 GB GB17460/76A patent/GB1541301A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-29 IT IT22829/76A patent/IT1059035B/en active
- 1976-04-29 ES ES447441A patent/ES447441A1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-05-03 FR FR7613095A patent/FR2310628A1/en active Granted
- 1976-05-04 BR BR2776/76A patent/BR7602776A/en unknown
- 1976-05-04 MX MX100288U patent/MX3227E/en unknown
- 1976-05-04 PL PL1976189290A patent/PL126028B1/en unknown
- 1976-05-04 JP JP51051229A patent/JPS51137371A/en active Pending
- 1976-05-04 SU SU762353710A patent/SU1170980A3/en active
- 1976-05-04 NL NL7604736A patent/NL7604736A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-05-05 BE BE7000819A patent/BE841490A/en unknown
- 1976-05-05 DE DE19762619871 patent/DE2619871A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1976-05-05 AT AT329076A patent/AT351086B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX3227E (en) | 1980-07-28 |
| ES447441A1 (en) | 1977-07-01 |
| AU1352376A (en) | 1977-11-03 |
| BR7602776A (en) | 1976-11-09 |
| GB1541301A (en) | 1979-02-28 |
| DE2619871A1 (en) | 1976-11-18 |
| FR2310628B1 (en) | 1981-11-20 |
| AT351086B (en) | 1979-07-10 |
| JPS51137371A (en) | 1976-11-27 |
| ZA762561B (en) | 1977-04-27 |
| BE841490A (en) | 1976-09-01 |
| ATA329076A (en) | 1978-12-15 |
| FR2310628A1 (en) | 1976-12-03 |
| SU1170980A3 (en) | 1985-07-30 |
| IT1059035B (en) | 1982-05-31 |
| NL7604736A (en) | 1976-11-09 |
| PL126028B1 (en) | 1983-07-30 |
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