CA1063852A - Three dimensional lenticular camera with gap shutter - Google Patents
Three dimensional lenticular camera with gap shutterInfo
- Publication number
- CA1063852A CA1063852A CA251,039A CA251039A CA1063852A CA 1063852 A CA1063852 A CA 1063852A CA 251039 A CA251039 A CA 251039A CA 1063852 A CA1063852 A CA 1063852A
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- Prior art keywords
- blades
- shutter
- objective
- lenticular
- aperture
- Prior art date
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention provides a photographic camera for taking a three dimensional photograph comprising a lenticular screen, formed from a plurality of lenticular elements, station-arily located immediately in front of a position adapted to receive a photosensitive material so as to be in close contact with said sensitive material, a shutter having plate-like blades which are adapted to define an aperture gap extending transversely of stripe portions defined by boundary lines between the lenticu-lar elements of the lenticular screen and an objective having an effective aperture defined by a pair of planes extending in parallel to each other at opposite sides of a main optical axis transversely of said stripe portions, whereby a single exposure enables an object to be photographed to be projected through said lenticular screen on said sensitive material as reversed images.
The present invention provides a photographic camera for taking a three dimensional photograph comprising a lenticular screen, formed from a plurality of lenticular elements, station-arily located immediately in front of a position adapted to receive a photosensitive material so as to be in close contact with said sensitive material, a shutter having plate-like blades which are adapted to define an aperture gap extending transversely of stripe portions defined by boundary lines between the lenticu-lar elements of the lenticular screen and an objective having an effective aperture defined by a pair of planes extending in parallel to each other at opposite sides of a main optical axis transversely of said stripe portions, whereby a single exposure enables an object to be photographed to be projected through said lenticular screen on said sensitive material as reversed images.
Description
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The present invention provides an easily portable, light weight and low cost photographic camera for execution of the method of taking a three dimensional photograph in which a projected image comprising reversed three dimensional images is formed in an original by photographing on photosensitive mater~
ial and a three dimensional photograph is obtained by conversion of said reversed three dimensional images in a printing operation based on the original obtained by the photographic operation which carries thereon said reversed images.
Initially the conception of the three dimensional photo- ;
graph of so-called directly visual type will be described together with the method thereof. With the most commonly known photo-graphic apparatus for taking a three dimensional photograph one and same object to be photographed has usually been photographed simultaneously from two angles spaced a predetermined distance from each other, using two photographic cameras juxtaposed or a -~
single photographic camera having two objectives. ~ight and left pictures separately obtained have been viewed with the right and left eyes, respectively. This is known as a stereoscopic photo-graph. With the three dimensional photograph ofthis type, the ojbect to be photographed has had to be photographed simultan-eously by two cameras or by a single camera having two objectives and two shutters associated with these objectives and a spècial viewer has been~necessary through which the obtained pictures may be separately and simultaneously viewed by right and left eyes, respectively. The three dimensional photograph of directly ~-visual type according to the present invention, on the contrary, is obtained by forming a pluralityofimages arranged in stripes of one and same object to be photographed as viewed from various angular positions through a lenticular screen comprising a plur-ality of lenses or optical elements successively connected to one another, each of these optical elements being in the form of 106385;2 a semicylinder having a diameter as small as 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm, said lenticular screen being located in front of photosensitive surface, and by visually converting said plurality of images arranged in stripes through another lenticular screen of the same optical arrangement as the first lenticular screen into a three dimensional picture. The three dimensional photograph of both these types are thus clearly distinguished from one another not only with respect to the optical measures to obtain the ~ desired three dimensional photographs but also to the method to - 10 view the respective three dimensional photographs. With the three dimensional photograph of directly visual type based on condition ;, that a plurality of images as viewed from different angles are focussed on a single photosensitive material, a single objective is used for photographing so that an object to be photographed is projected and sensitized in a plurality ofimages which are not only laterally but also vertically reversed as in ordinary photo-graph and each image in unit sensitive surface defined by each lenticular element is àlso laterally reversed in spite of provi-sion of the lenticular screen immediately in front of the focuss-ing plane. The sensitized picture comprlsing the reversed images thus obtained can not be directly viewed as a normal three dimen-sional picture since the picture section corresponding to the left side surface of the object to be photographed is moved on passing through the lenticular screen to the right eye while the picture section corresponding to the right side surface of the object is moved on passing through said lenticular screen to the left eye of the observer. This is generally named as a reversed three dimensional picture and can not directly be used as a pic-ture to be three dimensionally viewed so far as it has been obtained by a single exposure through a single objective.
To solve this problem, the applicant in copending Application No. 248,965 has disclosed an improved method and
The present invention provides an easily portable, light weight and low cost photographic camera for execution of the method of taking a three dimensional photograph in which a projected image comprising reversed three dimensional images is formed in an original by photographing on photosensitive mater~
ial and a three dimensional photograph is obtained by conversion of said reversed three dimensional images in a printing operation based on the original obtained by the photographic operation which carries thereon said reversed images.
Initially the conception of the three dimensional photo- ;
graph of so-called directly visual type will be described together with the method thereof. With the most commonly known photo-graphic apparatus for taking a three dimensional photograph one and same object to be photographed has usually been photographed simultaneously from two angles spaced a predetermined distance from each other, using two photographic cameras juxtaposed or a -~
single photographic camera having two objectives. ~ight and left pictures separately obtained have been viewed with the right and left eyes, respectively. This is known as a stereoscopic photo-graph. With the three dimensional photograph ofthis type, the ojbect to be photographed has had to be photographed simultan-eously by two cameras or by a single camera having two objectives and two shutters associated with these objectives and a spècial viewer has been~necessary through which the obtained pictures may be separately and simultaneously viewed by right and left eyes, respectively. The three dimensional photograph of directly ~-visual type according to the present invention, on the contrary, is obtained by forming a pluralityofimages arranged in stripes of one and same object to be photographed as viewed from various angular positions through a lenticular screen comprising a plur-ality of lenses or optical elements successively connected to one another, each of these optical elements being in the form of 106385;2 a semicylinder having a diameter as small as 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm, said lenticular screen being located in front of photosensitive surface, and by visually converting said plurality of images arranged in stripes through another lenticular screen of the same optical arrangement as the first lenticular screen into a three dimensional picture. The three dimensional photograph of both these types are thus clearly distinguished from one another not only with respect to the optical measures to obtain the ~ desired three dimensional photographs but also to the method to - 10 view the respective three dimensional photographs. With the three dimensional photograph of directly visual type based on condition ;, that a plurality of images as viewed from different angles are focussed on a single photosensitive material, a single objective is used for photographing so that an object to be photographed is projected and sensitized in a plurality ofimages which are not only laterally but also vertically reversed as in ordinary photo-graph and each image in unit sensitive surface defined by each lenticular element is àlso laterally reversed in spite of provi-sion of the lenticular screen immediately in front of the focuss-ing plane. The sensitized picture comprlsing the reversed images thus obtained can not be directly viewed as a normal three dimen-sional picture since the picture section corresponding to the left side surface of the object to be photographed is moved on passing through the lenticular screen to the right eye while the picture section corresponding to the right side surface of the object is moved on passing through said lenticular screen to the left eye of the observer. This is generally named as a reversed three dimensional picture and can not directly be used as a pic-ture to be three dimensionally viewed so far as it has been obtained by a single exposure through a single objective.
To solve this problem, the applicant in copending Application No. 248,965 has disclosed an improved method and
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apparatus by which, using the photosensitive material carrying thereon said picture comprising reversed three dimensional images obtained by said photographic operation as an original, said .
reversed three dimensional images are converted in operation of printing into the corresponding normal three dimensional images which may be effectively viewed through the lenticular screen as a desired three dimensional picture.
Details of such method and apparatus disclosed by the copending application No. 248,965 is not repeated here and only summarized description thereof is given for better understanding ~ ~
of the present invention. The present invention provides a photo- -graphic camera adapted for initial photographing by such an improved method set forth in said copending patent application No. 248,965. In particular the present invention provides a photographic camera effectively adapted to obtain the three dimensional photograph of the type as mentioned above which is advantageous in various aspects. The present invention also desirably provides such a three dimensional photograph at lower ; cost whereby to promote the popularization of the three dimen-sional photograph.
According to the present invention there is provided a photographic camera for taking a three dimensional photograph comprising a lenticular screen, formed from a plurality of lenti-cular elements, stationarily located immediately in front of a position adapted to receive a photosensitive material so as to ;; be in close contact with said sensitive material, a shutter . having plate-like blades which are adapted to define an aperture gap extending transversely of stripe portions defined by boundary lines between the lenticular elements of the lenticular screen and an objective having an effective aperture defined by a pair of planes extending in parallel to each other at opposite sides of a main optical axis transversely of said stripe portions,
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apparatus by which, using the photosensitive material carrying thereon said picture comprising reversed three dimensional images obtained by said photographic operation as an original, said .
reversed three dimensional images are converted in operation of printing into the corresponding normal three dimensional images which may be effectively viewed through the lenticular screen as a desired three dimensional picture.
Details of such method and apparatus disclosed by the copending application No. 248,965 is not repeated here and only summarized description thereof is given for better understanding ~ ~
of the present invention. The present invention provides a photo- -graphic camera adapted for initial photographing by such an improved method set forth in said copending patent application No. 248,965. In particular the present invention provides a photographic camera effectively adapted to obtain the three dimensional photograph of the type as mentioned above which is advantageous in various aspects. The present invention also desirably provides such a three dimensional photograph at lower ; cost whereby to promote the popularization of the three dimen-sional photograph.
According to the present invention there is provided a photographic camera for taking a three dimensional photograph comprising a lenticular screen, formed from a plurality of lenti-cular elements, stationarily located immediately in front of a position adapted to receive a photosensitive material so as to ;; be in close contact with said sensitive material, a shutter . having plate-like blades which are adapted to define an aperture gap extending transversely of stripe portions defined by boundary lines between the lenticular elements of the lenticular screen and an objective having an effective aperture defined by a pair of planes extending in parallel to each other at opposite sides of a main optical axis transversely of said stripe portions,
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whereby a single exposure enables an object to be photographed - to be projected through said lenticular screen on said sensitive material as reversed images.
In a desirable embodiment of the present invention the shutter having plate-like blades comprises a pair of blades adapted to cover the effective aperture of said objective, said -blades being adapted to move away from each other into an open position to define said aperture gap. More particularly the pair of blades are adapted to be operated in response to excitation - 10 of an electromagnet so that the rectangular effective aperture of the objective is achieved by movement of said blades away from -each other into an open position. More preferably the blades are adapted to move away from each other by a given amount corres-ponding to a predetermined exposure, thereby also serving as a - ~-diaphragm to control amount of incident light. This can be achieved in one aspect of the present invention by the electro-magnet including a member driven by excitation of said electro-magnet to, in turn, operate said blades and a member adapted to regulate the amount of movement of said driven member in accor-~` 20 dance with a diaphragm value preset by a member in order to con-` trol amount of incident light, whereby the electromagnet may be energized to give said objective an aperture for an exposure according to the preset diaphragm value. Alternatively in another aspect of the present invention, this may be achieved by a control member which occupies a position in accordance with :a preset diaphragm value within the operating range of said shutter blades driven in response to excitation of said electro-magnet and thereby regulate the opening extent of said shutter ;i~
- blades whereby said shutter blades also serve as a diaphragm which controls amoun~ of incident light.
In another embodiment of the camera of the present invention the objective has its frontal shape in the form of a
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whereby a single exposure enables an object to be photographed - to be projected through said lenticular screen on said sensitive material as reversed images.
In a desirable embodiment of the present invention the shutter having plate-like blades comprises a pair of blades adapted to cover the effective aperture of said objective, said -blades being adapted to move away from each other into an open position to define said aperture gap. More particularly the pair of blades are adapted to be operated in response to excitation - 10 of an electromagnet so that the rectangular effective aperture of the objective is achieved by movement of said blades away from -each other into an open position. More preferably the blades are adapted to move away from each other by a given amount corres-ponding to a predetermined exposure, thereby also serving as a - ~-diaphragm to control amount of incident light. This can be achieved in one aspect of the present invention by the electro-magnet including a member driven by excitation of said electro-magnet to, in turn, operate said blades and a member adapted to regulate the amount of movement of said driven member in accor-~` 20 dance with a diaphragm value preset by a member in order to con-` trol amount of incident light, whereby the electromagnet may be energized to give said objective an aperture for an exposure according to the preset diaphragm value. Alternatively in another aspect of the present invention, this may be achieved by a control member which occupies a position in accordance with :a preset diaphragm value within the operating range of said shutter blades driven in response to excitation of said electro-magnet and thereby regulate the opening extent of said shutter ;i~
- blades whereby said shutter blades also serve as a diaphragm which controls amoun~ of incident light.
In another embodiment of the camera of the present invention the objective has its frontal shape in the form of a
- 4 -~63852 thin rectangle defining said effective aperture. ~
In a particularly desirable embodiment thereof the ~ -present invention provides a photographic camera for taking a three dimensional photograph comprising a lenticular screen formed from a plurality of lenticular elements stationarily located immediately in front of a position adapted to receive a photosensitive material so as to be in close contact with said photosensitive material, a shutter having plate-like blades - which define in an open position an aperture gap extending trans-versely of stripe portions defined by boundary lines between the lenticular elements, an electromagnet adapted on excitation thereof to operate said shutter having plate-like blades, a control member adapted to regulate the opening extent of the blades of the shutter to provide a diaphragm aperture and an objective having an effective aperture defined by a pair of parallel planes on opposite sides of a main optical axis trans-, versely of said stripe portions, whereby the exposure time is determined on the basis of the time for which said electromagnet is energized and the diaphragm aperture controlling amount of ~ 20 incident light is determined by an operating extent of saidshutter blades opened under excitation of said electromagnet so th~t an object to be photographed is projected, with a single exposure, through said lenticular screen on said sensitive mat-erial as reversed three dimensional images formed thereon.
~; In the photographic camera according to the present ~, invention, said lenticular screen is located immediately in front of and substantially in close contact with the photosensi-tive material to be charged so that said lenticular screen is stationary not only with respect to said photosensitive material but also with respect to the other parts of the camera body during exposure. The photographic camera according to the present invention is also characterized in that formation and -
In a particularly desirable embodiment thereof the ~ -present invention provides a photographic camera for taking a three dimensional photograph comprising a lenticular screen formed from a plurality of lenticular elements stationarily located immediately in front of a position adapted to receive a photosensitive material so as to be in close contact with said photosensitive material, a shutter having plate-like blades - which define in an open position an aperture gap extending trans-versely of stripe portions defined by boundary lines between the lenticular elements, an electromagnet adapted on excitation thereof to operate said shutter having plate-like blades, a control member adapted to regulate the opening extent of the blades of the shutter to provide a diaphragm aperture and an objective having an effective aperture defined by a pair of parallel planes on opposite sides of a main optical axis trans-, versely of said stripe portions, whereby the exposure time is determined on the basis of the time for which said electromagnet is energized and the diaphragm aperture controlling amount of ~ 20 incident light is determined by an operating extent of saidshutter blades opened under excitation of said electromagnet so th~t an object to be photographed is projected, with a single exposure, through said lenticular screen on said sensitive mat-erial as reversed three dimensional images formed thereon.
~; In the photographic camera according to the present ~, invention, said lenticular screen is located immediately in front of and substantially in close contact with the photosensi-tive material to be charged so that said lenticular screen is stationary not only with respect to said photosensitive material but also with respect to the other parts of the camera body during exposure. The photographic camera according to the present invention is also characterized in that formation and -
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sensitization o~ a reversed three dimensional picture through said lenticular screen on the photosensitive material may be completed through a single exposure. It is well known to obtain the three dimensional photograph of directly visual type as mentioned above by displacing the photographic camera along a circumferential path with the optical axis being directed radially of an object to be photographed and thereby successively photo-graphing peripheral images of said object through multi-exposure or by rotating the object itself around its own axis if said object can be rotated around its own axis and thereby succes-sively photographing said object thus variously directed moment by moment also through multiexposure, in both cases through the lenticular screen located immedlately in front of the photo-sensitive material. In both such cases, however, it has been thought impossible to obtain the desired picture through a single exposure and these well known methods for photographing have been thought unsuitable for photographing of a moving object or for momentary photographing under flash light. The photographic camera according to the present invention is advantageous in that the conversion of the reversed three dimensional picture into the corresponding normal three dimensional picture which is an unavoidable operation due to the arrangement of sensitized picture may be achieved in the subsequent operation of printing - and such an advantage is effectively combined with the features peculiar to the method-as disclosed by said copending patent application No. 248,965.
The present invention will be further illustrated by way of the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 partially shows a photographing optical system of a camera according to the present invention, illustrating a manner in which reversed three dimensional images of an object to be photographed are projected by said optical system on a sensi-_
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sensitization o~ a reversed three dimensional picture through said lenticular screen on the photosensitive material may be completed through a single exposure. It is well known to obtain the three dimensional photograph of directly visual type as mentioned above by displacing the photographic camera along a circumferential path with the optical axis being directed radially of an object to be photographed and thereby successively photo-graphing peripheral images of said object through multi-exposure or by rotating the object itself around its own axis if said object can be rotated around its own axis and thereby succes-sively photographing said object thus variously directed moment by moment also through multiexposure, in both cases through the lenticular screen located immedlately in front of the photo-sensitive material. In both such cases, however, it has been thought impossible to obtain the desired picture through a single exposure and these well known methods for photographing have been thought unsuitable for photographing of a moving object or for momentary photographing under flash light. The photographic camera according to the present invention is advantageous in that the conversion of the reversed three dimensional picture into the corresponding normal three dimensional picture which is an unavoidable operation due to the arrangement of sensitized picture may be achieved in the subsequent operation of printing - and such an advantage is effectively combined with the features peculiar to the method-as disclosed by said copending patent application No. 248,965.
The present invention will be further illustrated by way of the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 partially shows a photographing optical system of a camera according to the present invention, illustrating a manner in which reversed three dimensional images of an object to be photographed are projected by said optical system on a sensi-_
6 --63~3~2 tive material;
Fig. 2 principally illustrates a process and a sensiti-zing optical system by which said rever~ed three dimenslonal images are converted into,l*he corresponding normal three dimen-sional images to obtain a print used as a desired three dimen-sional photograph utilizing an original carrying thereon a picture comprising said reversed three dimensional images obtained by the optical system as shown by Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a rear view showing a shutter incorporated ~ ~
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into the photographic camera according to the present invention in connection with the objective;
Fig. 4 is a plan view partially showing the objective, the shutter blades and the associated mechanism in a section;
Fig. 5 is a side view showing a relative position of the objective and the shutter;
Fig. 6 is a perspective showing another embodiment of the objective in corporated into the camera according to the present invention; and Fig. 7 is a rear view showing an embodiment different from the embodiment as shown by Fig. 3.
Referring to Fig. 1 which schematically illustrates a manner of image formation in photographing by the camera accord-ing to the present invention, X designates a position of an object to be photographed, Lo designates an objective for photo-graphing said object and SO designates a shutter adapted to be ; opened and closed behind said object:ive in a plane transverse of the optical axis. It is not absolutely necessary to locate the shutter SO behind the objective Lo as shown, and the shutter SO
may be located in front of the objective Lo as the Thornton shutter usually located in front of the objective Lo in a view camera (field camera). Detail of this will be described later together with the detail of the objective Lo in reference with Figs. 3 to 5. Further referring to Fig. 1, a lenticular screen Mo is stationarily located immediately in front of and in close contact with photosensitive material Fo. Accordingly, the objective Lo used in the photographic camera according to the present invention is in practice required to have an aperture portion - which is defined by a pair of planes extending in parallel to each other transversely of stripes formed by individual lenticular elements successively connected to constitute said lenticular screen Mo. These parallel planes are preferably the planes ~ 0638~2 extending in parallel to each other at a same distance from the main optical axis to maintain an excellent quality of the result-ing photograph. Consequently, the objective Lo may be in the form of a thin rectangle defined by cutting a circular objective by said planes extending in parallel to each other transversely - of said stripes of the lenticular screen or may be the circular objective of which the area extending outward of said parallel planes is covered so that this covered area allows no light rays to be transmitted therethrough. It will be understood from a description given later that the objective of a large diameter is preferable since a viewing angle determined by the distance between laterally opposite ends of the objective with respect to an object to be photographed is accordingly enlarged and the number of reversed three dimensional images formed by the indivi-dual lenticular elements also increases to emphasize a desired three dimensional effect. Concerning this aspect, it is more effective to employ a special objective as shown by Fig. 6 which has further larger diameter than the ordinary circular objective of a relatively large diameter. Detail of said shutter SO accord-ing to the present invention will be described in reference with `
Figs. 3 to 5 and the description is limited here to the fact that the shutter of a type adapted to be opened radially frGm the main -optical axis of the objective Lo toward said parallel planes and -~
` closed toward said main optical axis (referred to hereinafter as the gap shutter) is employed. The light rays transmitted through the objective Lol the opened shutter SO and the lenticular screen Mo onto a surface of the photosen~itive material Fo are subjected ¦
; to a refraction in said lenticular screen Mo.
The manner of image formation in this case is described.
With respect to the light rays coming from the portion of an object to be photographed which lies between points P and Q, the ~r light rays coming from the p~int P and being incident upon the objective ' 1 ~.
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-r~2 Lo are included within a beam ~1 which embraces the effective aperture of said objective Lo while the light rays coming from the point Q and being incident upon the objective Lo are included within a beam ~2 which embraces the effective aperture of said objective Lo. So far as only the light rays included within said beams, respectively, that are focussed through a single lenticular element m2 a plurality of lenticular elements ml, m2, m3 .......... successively connected are concerned, the light rays coming from the points P and Q, respectively, and passing through the center of the objective L are focussed on the photosensitive o ~ material surface Fo at points P2 and Q2' respectively. To - illustrate an optical mechanism of this image formation, the light paths are shown by solid lines in Fig. 1. The light rays, coming from the point P and included within the beam l which are incident not upon the lenticular element m2 hut upon the lenticular element ml adjacent thereto (the light path thereof being shown by one-dot-chain lines) are subjected to a refraction in said lenticular element ml and focussed on the photosensitive material surface Fo at a point Pl while the light rays coming from the point Q and included within the beam ~2 which are incident not upon the lenticular element m2 but upon the lenticular element m3 adjacent thereto (the light path thereof being shown also by : one-dot-chain lines) are subjected to a refraction in said lenticular element m3 and focussed on the photosensitive material surface Fo at a point Q3. The lenticular elements are shown at a scale larger than they actually are for convenience of illustra-tion so that the light rays coming from the portion of the object to be photographed which lies between the points P and Q may appear to be focussed only through the lenticular element m2 and the lenticular elements ml and m3 symmetrically located adjacent said lenticular elment m2. However, each of these lenticular elements really has a width as small as O.lmm to 2.Omm and the projected image of said object portion lying between the points `
P and Q is incident upon all the lenticular elements successively connected symmetrically of said lenticular element m2 and thus plurality of images of the points P and Q are formed in the respective lenticular elements. The three dimensional photograph of so-called directly visual type is principally based on such a plurality of projected images formed by the lenticular elements each having a fine width. Accordingly, larger the effective aperture of the objective is relative to the lenticular screen comprising a plurality of semicylindrical lenses each having a predetermined diameter which are successively connected to one another, larger said beam ~1 or ~2 and thereby the number of images of the points P and Q to be formed behind the lenticular ; screen sufficiently increases to improve the three dimensional effect. The projected image formed by each of said plurality of lenticular elements presents a laterally reversed image which can not directly be three dimensional. The condition of image is now considered with respect only to the particular element m2.
Images o~ surface B, B- and B+ of a three-dimensional object to ~ -be photographed which lies between the points P and Q are formed --.
on the photosensitive material surface Fo in the order of B'+, -~
Bl and B'-. More specifically, the image of the surface B+ is ; -focussed adjacent the image point Q2' the image of the surface B- ~ -is focussed adjacent the image point P2 and such an image arrange-ment is true also with respect to an object Ao lying between a point L and the point P which is focussed in the lenticular element ml next to said lenticular element m2 as well as with respect to an object CO lying between the point Q and a point R
which is focussed in the lenticular element m3 oppositely next to said lenticular element m3. Although it may be considered that the picture thus sensitized can be directly ~iewed as a desired three dimensional photograph sincethe imagearrangement as above I' .
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mentioned corresponds to the arrangement in which the respective surfaces of the general object to be photographed are focussed, said sensitized picture really can not be three dimensionally viewed through the lenticular screen comprising a plurality of lenticular elements each having a semicylindrical cross-section.
~hen the sensitized picture has been obtained through said len-., ticular screen comprising a plurality of lenticular elementseach having a semicylindrical cross-section, the left side surface B- of the object Bo has been focussed at the left hand as a left picture B'- while the right side surface B+ of said object Bo has been focussed at the right hand as a right picture Bl+ and thereby said left picture B~- is opposed through the lenticular elements each having a semicylindrical cross-section to right eye of the person who directly views the picture while ; the right pictureis similarly opposed to left eye so that the right eye views the enlarged left picture B'- and the left eye views the enlarged right picture B'-~, respectively, through the lenticular elements. Such a relationship is also with respect to the object Ao and theobject CO and accordingly, the images - 20 obtained by said operation of photographing on the surface of photosensitive material Fo present reversed three dimensional images, respectively. The picture obtained by the means for photographing on the photosensitive material Fo will be reversed again through a process as illustrated by Fig. 2.
The process for converting the reversed three dimen-sional picture obtained by~said operation of photographing into - the corresponding normal three dimensional picture is now des-cribed with reference with Fig. 2. This process is achieved not by operation of printing through a momentary exposure but by operation of printing through an exposure for a certain time during which various components are moved relatively. An original carrying thereon the reversed three dimensional picture ~;
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~L063852 which has been obtained by said operation of photographing is preferably a negative regardless whether a monochromatic photo-graph or a color photograph is desired, since a plurality of same three dimensional photographs are obtained by repeating the operation of printing according to the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 2, SL designates a spot light serving as a light source used for printing. The original F'o carrying thereon the picture projected in the form of the corresponding .
,~ reversed three dimensional picture as shown in Fig. 1 is placed within a range of the beam which is condensed and projected by ; a projector lens associated with said spot light SL and a lenti-cular screen M having the same optical arrangement as the lenti-cular screen Mo also as shown by Fig. 1 is placed on said original ` F'o. Under this second lenticular screen M, fresh photosensitive material F to on which a normal three dimensional picture corres-ponding to said reversed three dimensional picture will be printed is inserted in close contact with said second lenticular screen. It is obviously understood that the device as shown in Fig. 2 including the fresh photosensitive material F should be ; 20 put under a perfect darkness or a situation in which no sensitiza-: - .
tion of said fresh sensitive material occurs.
In the device of such an arrangement, the original F'o and the fresh photosensitive material F are moved relatively under the spot light SL being lit, transversely of the stripes ~ defined by the joints of the lenticular elements of the lenticu-- lar screen M each having a semicylindrical cross-section and thereby the reversed three dimensional picture is easily converted `-into the corresponding three dimensional picture which can be three dimensionally viewed, and thus this normal three dimensional picture is sensitized and printed. This aspect is described below in more detail. When the condensed beam is projected from the spot light SL onto the lenticular screen M, the light rays ~' ~' ~ ':
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1~6;~1i352 passing through the individual lenticular elements of the lenticular screen M converge in the respective straight lines extending in parallel to said stripes. As a result, each beam projected in a straight line is transmitted through the original F'o and incident upon the area of the fresh photosensitive mat-erial F immediately under said straight line, and then sensitiza-tion is effected according to the projected picture carried by the original F'o. Such a sensitization is successively effected for each projected beam in a straight line as the original F'o and the fresh photosensitive material F are moved relatively until the desired three dimensional photograph is obtained.
The manner in which the reversed three dimensional images of the projected picture carried by the original F'o are converted into the corresponding normal three dimensional images is now described. The projected images of the respective surfaces of the objects Ao, Bo and CO focussed on the photosensitive mat-erial surface Fo as illustrated by Fig. 1 are described here again.
For each lenticular element, the images are formed from the left -- hand toward the right hand in the order of the right image C'+, the middle image C' and the left image C'- of the object CO~ the right image B'+, the middle image B' and the left image B'- of .~
the object Bo~ and the right image A'+, the middle image A' and the left image A'- of the object Ao. It is now assumed, for convenience of illustration, that the sensitization of the fresh photosensitive material F in accordance with these images is achieved through a process comprising three steps corresponding ` to three images, i.eO, the middle image and the right and left images of each of the objects Ao, Bo and CO~ three linear beams projected from the spot light SL serve to sensitize the fresh photosensitive material F in accordance with the left images C'-, ' Bl-, and A'- for conversion from the negative into the corres-ponding positive in the first step of sensitization as shown by Fig. 2(I). Then the original F'o and the fresh photosensitive material F are moved in the directions opposite to each other to a relative position as shown by Fig. 2(II) and three linear beams are projected again from the spot light SL so that three middle - images C', B' and A' are printed on the fresh photosensitive ~ .
material F. Following this second step of sensitization as shown by Fig. 2(II), the original F'o and the fresh photosensitive material F are relatively moved to the relative position as shown l ..
:. ' ' j:
by Fig 2(III) and three linear beams are projected from-the spot light SL so that three right images C'~, B'+ and A'+ are printed on the fresh photosensitive material F. The last step is the ~
third step of sensitization. In consequence.of this process from : :
; the first step to the third step thereof, the images have been printed on the fresh photosensitive material F from the left hand .
toward the right hand in the order of the left image C'-, the middle image C' and the right image C't of the object CO' the . .
left image B'-, the middle image B' and the right image B'~ of :
the objèct BO,.and the left image A'-, the middle image A' and the right image A'~ of the objectAO with the laterally relative ~-~20 position beinq maintained. Thus, a picture in which the reversed ¦
three dimensional images have perfectly converted into the cor- .
responding normal three dimensional images suitable for being three dimensionally viewed is obtaine~ after development. .
The aforegoing description has intentionally been made .
for facilitation and simplification of illustration and really ` there are present on the photosensitive material surface Fo .
numeral reversed three dimensional images for each lenticular .
element so that the operation of printing is really achieved not .
- through the stepwise process as above mentioned but through a .
continuous relative movement of the original F'o and the fresh :::
photosensitive material F at an equal velocity and thereby all . :
the reversed three dimensional images in each lenticular element :: ~ ~:
= 14 - . ~. .
~(~63852 are converted into the corresponding normal three dimensional images through arrangement inversion. Although the relative move-ment of the original F' and the fresh photosensitive material F has been described in the aforegoing explanation as in the directions opposite to each other . ''~ ' ' ' , .
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1, - 14a -since such a manner is most intelligible and pre~erable, the other manner may be also employed such that the original F~o is moved in the same direction as and at a velocity double the lenticular screen M synchronously with the latter with the fresh photosensitive material F being fixed or, on the contrary, the fresh photosensitive material F is moved in the same direction as and at a velocity double the lenticular screen M synchronously with the lattér with the original F~o being fixed.
In the embodiment as shown, the arrangement in which the spot light is used as a light source has been employed in view of the fact that such an arrangement facilitates the usual operation in a dark room, but a more preferable result will be obtained by employing a light source adapted to be projected through the lenti-cular screen M in the beams extending in parallel to one another and transversely of said lenticular screen M.
In the photographic camera according to the present invention based on the condition thal: the image conversion is ~`~ achieved by the process as mentioned above, an objective as shown by Figs. 3 to 5 in a rear view, a plan view partially in a section and a side view, respectively, is employed in combination with a shutter SO A portion designated by a reference symbol Lo corres-`~ ponds to the objective which is, in this embodiment, an objective of large diameter which is circular as seen Erom the front. The shutter generally designated by SO has a pair of blades 11 and 12 each in the form of a thin rectangle and arranged transversely of stripe portions defined by boundary lines of the lenticular -elements of the lenticular screen Mo immediately in front of the photosensitive surface. These two blades 11 and 12 overlapped on each other along their edges near the optical axis to maintain a shielding effect. When the circular objective Lo as shown is used, the black box of the photographic camera must be kept light-tight by coating the objective over the area extending outward :.
:
~63~2 of the area defined by one-dot-chain lines in Fig. 3, namely, extending upwardly of the upper one-dot-chain line and downwardly of the lower one-dot-chain line with shielding material or by -~ covering said area with a suitable shielding member. Opposite ends of the respective blades 11 and 12 are pivotally supported at 20 by the camera body or a part of the shutter casing or held by links 13 and 14 and 15 and 16, respectively. Although said blades 11 and 12 are also pivotally held by the associated links, no reference is given in the figure to designate the respective pivots. The upper blade 11 is moved from its closed position to .. . .
its open position as the links 13 and 14 are rotated around the pivots 20, respectively, and similarly the lower blade12 is moved from its closed position to its open position as the ]inks 15 and 16 are rotated around the pivots 20, respectively. Outer ~ ~;
ends of intermediate links 21 and 22 are pivotally mounted on the -links 13 and lS substantially at middle portions thereof, respec-tively, and said intermediate links 21 and 22 are, in turn, pivotally mounted at 19 on an end of a driving lever 18 adapted to be slidably moved centrally through an electromagnet 17 so that the links 13 and 15 may be rotated through the intermediate links 21 and 22 around the associated pivots 20 by movement of driving lever 18 in the direction as indicated by an arrow.
The electromagnet 17 includes an armature 23 and a restoring spring 24 is suspended between the pivots at which the outer ends of the intermediate links 21 and 22 are mounted on the links 13 and 15, respectively. There is no such a linkage mechanism including the intermediate links for the links 14 and 16, since the links 13 and 15 are rotated around the respective pivots 20 through the intermediate links 21 and 22 as the armature 23 is ;~
attracted under excitation of the electromagnet 17 and, in response to this, the links 14 and 16 also are rotated around the respec-tive pivots 20 so as to move the blades 11 and 12 in opposite .. . ... : ~.
- 16 - ~
directions when the restoring spring 24 restores the links 13 and 15, accordingly, the links 14 and 16 also upon deexcitation of said electromagnet 17 so that no resto.ring spring need be separate-ly provided in practice between the links 14 and 16. A aiaphragm regulating lever 25 serves as a control member disposed at its lower end in the path over which said armature 23 moves. A
screw 27 threaded through parts 26 and 26 of the shutter casing so as to be suspended between these parts is threaded through the upper end of said diaphragm regulating lever 25 between said parts 26, 26. The diaphragm regulating lever 25 is moved laterally by rotating the screw 27 threaded through said upper end to a desired .: .
position and the extent to which the armature 23 is moved by an .
attractive force occurring under excitation of the electromagnet 17 is regulated depending on the position occupied by said diaphragm regulating lever 25. The larger said extent. to which the armature 23 moves under the magnetic attraction. The larger the extent to which the blades 11 and 12 are moved away from each other in response to the movement of said armature 23 by the driving lever 18 and the intermediate links 13 and 15~ The slit defined between the blades is maintained small when the movement of said armature 23 under the magnetic attraction is restrained ~-~
by the diaphragm regulating lever 25 at an initial stage of said movement. A diaphragm value regulating button 28 is mounted onthe outer end of said screw 27 and provided along its partial periphery with a diaphragm value index 29 adapted to index a diaphragm scale (not shown) provided along a rotating range of the diaphragm regulating button 28 at a position to which said button 28 has been rotated.
The diaphragm regulating lever 25 is thus arranged so that the extent of opening of the shutter blades 11 and 12 defining the aperture under excitation of the electromagnet 17 is . ,.
controlled by a mechanism to activate theqlectroma~net 17 and c, 3~5Z
thereby these blades 11 and 12 actually serve also as a diaphragm to control the amount of incident light. However, the measure by which the shutter blades 11 and 12 are enabled to also serve as the diaphragm is not necessarily limited to such a mechanism as shown by Fig. 3. A mechanism shown by Fig. 7 as one of the other possible embodiments may be also effective to this purpose.
The embodiment may employ an objective in the form of a rectangular ` lens system as shown by Fig. 6 and, in this embodiment, the extent to which the shutter blades 11 and 12 are moved in the direction in which the shutter is opened serves to restrain the shutter blades directly. Referring to Fig. 7, a screw 125 serving to regulate the diaphragm, is threaded through a part 126 of the ~ ~-shutter casing and has its upper end located in a range within ; which the blade 12 is moved. A diaphragm value regulating button 128 is mounted on the lower end of the diaphragm regulating screw 125 and, as in the embodiment of Figs. 3 through 5 there is provided a diaphragm scale (not shown) along a range within which said diaphragm regulating button is rotated so that a preset diaphragm value may be indicated by a diaphragm value index 129 arranged on a part of said button 129 in cooperation with said ``
diaphragm scale. Accordingly, also in this embodiment, the diaphragm value regulating button 128 may be turned so as to indicate a given diaphragm value with the index 129 carried thereon and the diaphragm regulating screw 125 which is axially moved in response to the rotation of said button 128 determines with its upper end and through the blade 12 and the links a position -at which the blade 11 is restrained so that the extent to which the blades 11 and 12 are moved away from each other is effectively adjusted.
With the gap shutter of the arrangement as mentioned : above, the armature 23 is attracted by the electromagnet 17 - against the effect of the restoring spring 24 suspended between .. ,i .
~6385~
the pivots upon energization of said electromagnet 17 and thereby ~;
the driving le~er 18 is moved in the direction as indicated by an arrow so that the ends of the respective intermediate links ' 21 and 22 are moved outwardly and the upper and lower links 13 and 15 are rotated around the associated pivots 20. This move-ment serves to move the blades 11 and 12 away from the main optical axis of the objective Lo as well as from each other to form an objective aperture for exposure. The links 14 and 16 are -also rotated around the associated pivots 20 together in cooper-ation with opening movement of said blades 11 and 12. In the course of this opening movement, the diaphragm regulating lever 25 or the diaphragm regulating screw 125 restrains said movement so that the exposure may be achieved with a given diaphragm aperture. Upon deenergization of the electromagnet 17, the restor-ing spring 24 urges the intermediate links 21 and 22, and according-ly, the blades 11 and 12 together constituting the shutter toward one another, effecting closure of the shutter so that a duration ` for which the electromagnet 17 is energized gives an exposure time and the extent to which said blades 11 and 12 are opened determines ~ -~ 20 together with this duration of energization an amount of exposure.
; Although the mechanism in which the blades 11 and 12 are moved away from each other has been mentioned above as an embodiment, it will be obvious that the present invention includes various .. :
modifications in design. For example, an arrangement in which only one of said blades is movable or the shutter comprises a single blade of which the movement provides an aperture gap serving as a slit for exposure.
` The shutter incorporated in the photographic camera according to the present invention, therefore, allows the respec-tive blades to operate only within the extent according to a preset diaphragm value during the opening movement of said shutter and thereby provides a gap defined by this limited opening movement.
-~ In the previously mentioned photographic operation to obtain a three dimensional photograph using the lenticular screen, numer-ous projected images which can be three dimensionally viewed are formed transversely of said stripes of the lenticular screen, -so that it is important to employ an objective having its aper-ture extending in the direction along which said projected images are formed. Therefore, according to the manner of photo-graphic operation to obtain a three dimensional photograph on which the present invention is based, the shutter having its aperture extending transversely of the stripes of the lenticular screen as above mentioned sufficiently meets the requirement and, with respect to the objective itself also, its area extending outward from the rectangular aperture is not utilized. Compared to the usual circular objective as employed in the embodiment as shown by Figs. 3 to 5, the objective as shown by Fig. 6 which is, as seen from the front, a slender rectangular one corresponding to the rectangle defined by the shutter aperture is more prefer-able. Such a particular objective is effective also in that this .
objective does not require a large space as well as facilitates said gap shutter to be mounted in front of or behind the objective.
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Fig. 2 principally illustrates a process and a sensiti-zing optical system by which said rever~ed three dimenslonal images are converted into,l*he corresponding normal three dimen-sional images to obtain a print used as a desired three dimen-sional photograph utilizing an original carrying thereon a picture comprising said reversed three dimensional images obtained by the optical system as shown by Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a rear view showing a shutter incorporated ~ ~
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into the photographic camera according to the present invention in connection with the objective;
Fig. 4 is a plan view partially showing the objective, the shutter blades and the associated mechanism in a section;
Fig. 5 is a side view showing a relative position of the objective and the shutter;
Fig. 6 is a perspective showing another embodiment of the objective in corporated into the camera according to the present invention; and Fig. 7 is a rear view showing an embodiment different from the embodiment as shown by Fig. 3.
Referring to Fig. 1 which schematically illustrates a manner of image formation in photographing by the camera accord-ing to the present invention, X designates a position of an object to be photographed, Lo designates an objective for photo-graphing said object and SO designates a shutter adapted to be ; opened and closed behind said object:ive in a plane transverse of the optical axis. It is not absolutely necessary to locate the shutter SO behind the objective Lo as shown, and the shutter SO
may be located in front of the objective Lo as the Thornton shutter usually located in front of the objective Lo in a view camera (field camera). Detail of this will be described later together with the detail of the objective Lo in reference with Figs. 3 to 5. Further referring to Fig. 1, a lenticular screen Mo is stationarily located immediately in front of and in close contact with photosensitive material Fo. Accordingly, the objective Lo used in the photographic camera according to the present invention is in practice required to have an aperture portion - which is defined by a pair of planes extending in parallel to each other transversely of stripes formed by individual lenticular elements successively connected to constitute said lenticular screen Mo. These parallel planes are preferably the planes ~ 0638~2 extending in parallel to each other at a same distance from the main optical axis to maintain an excellent quality of the result-ing photograph. Consequently, the objective Lo may be in the form of a thin rectangle defined by cutting a circular objective by said planes extending in parallel to each other transversely - of said stripes of the lenticular screen or may be the circular objective of which the area extending outward of said parallel planes is covered so that this covered area allows no light rays to be transmitted therethrough. It will be understood from a description given later that the objective of a large diameter is preferable since a viewing angle determined by the distance between laterally opposite ends of the objective with respect to an object to be photographed is accordingly enlarged and the number of reversed three dimensional images formed by the indivi-dual lenticular elements also increases to emphasize a desired three dimensional effect. Concerning this aspect, it is more effective to employ a special objective as shown by Fig. 6 which has further larger diameter than the ordinary circular objective of a relatively large diameter. Detail of said shutter SO accord-ing to the present invention will be described in reference with `
Figs. 3 to 5 and the description is limited here to the fact that the shutter of a type adapted to be opened radially frGm the main -optical axis of the objective Lo toward said parallel planes and -~
` closed toward said main optical axis (referred to hereinafter as the gap shutter) is employed. The light rays transmitted through the objective Lol the opened shutter SO and the lenticular screen Mo onto a surface of the photosen~itive material Fo are subjected ¦
; to a refraction in said lenticular screen Mo.
The manner of image formation in this case is described.
With respect to the light rays coming from the portion of an object to be photographed which lies between points P and Q, the ~r light rays coming from the p~int P and being incident upon the objective ' 1 ~.
- . . . -:
-r~2 Lo are included within a beam ~1 which embraces the effective aperture of said objective Lo while the light rays coming from the point Q and being incident upon the objective Lo are included within a beam ~2 which embraces the effective aperture of said objective Lo. So far as only the light rays included within said beams, respectively, that are focussed through a single lenticular element m2 a plurality of lenticular elements ml, m2, m3 .......... successively connected are concerned, the light rays coming from the points P and Q, respectively, and passing through the center of the objective L are focussed on the photosensitive o ~ material surface Fo at points P2 and Q2' respectively. To - illustrate an optical mechanism of this image formation, the light paths are shown by solid lines in Fig. 1. The light rays, coming from the point P and included within the beam l which are incident not upon the lenticular element m2 hut upon the lenticular element ml adjacent thereto (the light path thereof being shown by one-dot-chain lines) are subjected to a refraction in said lenticular element ml and focussed on the photosensitive material surface Fo at a point Pl while the light rays coming from the point Q and included within the beam ~2 which are incident not upon the lenticular element m2 but upon the lenticular element m3 adjacent thereto (the light path thereof being shown also by : one-dot-chain lines) are subjected to a refraction in said lenticular element m3 and focussed on the photosensitive material surface Fo at a point Q3. The lenticular elements are shown at a scale larger than they actually are for convenience of illustra-tion so that the light rays coming from the portion of the object to be photographed which lies between the points P and Q may appear to be focussed only through the lenticular element m2 and the lenticular elements ml and m3 symmetrically located adjacent said lenticular elment m2. However, each of these lenticular elements really has a width as small as O.lmm to 2.Omm and the projected image of said object portion lying between the points `
P and Q is incident upon all the lenticular elements successively connected symmetrically of said lenticular element m2 and thus plurality of images of the points P and Q are formed in the respective lenticular elements. The three dimensional photograph of so-called directly visual type is principally based on such a plurality of projected images formed by the lenticular elements each having a fine width. Accordingly, larger the effective aperture of the objective is relative to the lenticular screen comprising a plurality of semicylindrical lenses each having a predetermined diameter which are successively connected to one another, larger said beam ~1 or ~2 and thereby the number of images of the points P and Q to be formed behind the lenticular ; screen sufficiently increases to improve the three dimensional effect. The projected image formed by each of said plurality of lenticular elements presents a laterally reversed image which can not directly be three dimensional. The condition of image is now considered with respect only to the particular element m2.
Images o~ surface B, B- and B+ of a three-dimensional object to ~ -be photographed which lies between the points P and Q are formed --.
on the photosensitive material surface Fo in the order of B'+, -~
Bl and B'-. More specifically, the image of the surface B+ is ; -focussed adjacent the image point Q2' the image of the surface B- ~ -is focussed adjacent the image point P2 and such an image arrange-ment is true also with respect to an object Ao lying between a point L and the point P which is focussed in the lenticular element ml next to said lenticular element m2 as well as with respect to an object CO lying between the point Q and a point R
which is focussed in the lenticular element m3 oppositely next to said lenticular element m3. Although it may be considered that the picture thus sensitized can be directly ~iewed as a desired three dimensional photograph sincethe imagearrangement as above I' .
. . , ,, ~ ~
~06385Z
mentioned corresponds to the arrangement in which the respective surfaces of the general object to be photographed are focussed, said sensitized picture really can not be three dimensionally viewed through the lenticular screen comprising a plurality of lenticular elements each having a semicylindrical cross-section.
~hen the sensitized picture has been obtained through said len-., ticular screen comprising a plurality of lenticular elementseach having a semicylindrical cross-section, the left side surface B- of the object Bo has been focussed at the left hand as a left picture B'- while the right side surface B+ of said object Bo has been focussed at the right hand as a right picture Bl+ and thereby said left picture B~- is opposed through the lenticular elements each having a semicylindrical cross-section to right eye of the person who directly views the picture while ; the right pictureis similarly opposed to left eye so that the right eye views the enlarged left picture B'- and the left eye views the enlarged right picture B'-~, respectively, through the lenticular elements. Such a relationship is also with respect to the object Ao and theobject CO and accordingly, the images - 20 obtained by said operation of photographing on the surface of photosensitive material Fo present reversed three dimensional images, respectively. The picture obtained by the means for photographing on the photosensitive material Fo will be reversed again through a process as illustrated by Fig. 2.
The process for converting the reversed three dimen-sional picture obtained by~said operation of photographing into - the corresponding normal three dimensional picture is now des-cribed with reference with Fig. 2. This process is achieved not by operation of printing through a momentary exposure but by operation of printing through an exposure for a certain time during which various components are moved relatively. An original carrying thereon the reversed three dimensional picture ~;
"' ,: . , . : , , ~ ' . .
.. . . ~ . .
~L063852 which has been obtained by said operation of photographing is preferably a negative regardless whether a monochromatic photo-graph or a color photograph is desired, since a plurality of same three dimensional photographs are obtained by repeating the operation of printing according to the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 2, SL designates a spot light serving as a light source used for printing. The original F'o carrying thereon the picture projected in the form of the corresponding .
,~ reversed three dimensional picture as shown in Fig. 1 is placed within a range of the beam which is condensed and projected by ; a projector lens associated with said spot light SL and a lenti-cular screen M having the same optical arrangement as the lenti-cular screen Mo also as shown by Fig. 1 is placed on said original ` F'o. Under this second lenticular screen M, fresh photosensitive material F to on which a normal three dimensional picture corres-ponding to said reversed three dimensional picture will be printed is inserted in close contact with said second lenticular screen. It is obviously understood that the device as shown in Fig. 2 including the fresh photosensitive material F should be ; 20 put under a perfect darkness or a situation in which no sensitiza-: - .
tion of said fresh sensitive material occurs.
In the device of such an arrangement, the original F'o and the fresh photosensitive material F are moved relatively under the spot light SL being lit, transversely of the stripes ~ defined by the joints of the lenticular elements of the lenticu-- lar screen M each having a semicylindrical cross-section and thereby the reversed three dimensional picture is easily converted `-into the corresponding three dimensional picture which can be three dimensionally viewed, and thus this normal three dimensional picture is sensitized and printed. This aspect is described below in more detail. When the condensed beam is projected from the spot light SL onto the lenticular screen M, the light rays ~' ~' ~ ':
' .
1~6;~1i352 passing through the individual lenticular elements of the lenticular screen M converge in the respective straight lines extending in parallel to said stripes. As a result, each beam projected in a straight line is transmitted through the original F'o and incident upon the area of the fresh photosensitive mat-erial F immediately under said straight line, and then sensitiza-tion is effected according to the projected picture carried by the original F'o. Such a sensitization is successively effected for each projected beam in a straight line as the original F'o and the fresh photosensitive material F are moved relatively until the desired three dimensional photograph is obtained.
The manner in which the reversed three dimensional images of the projected picture carried by the original F'o are converted into the corresponding normal three dimensional images is now described. The projected images of the respective surfaces of the objects Ao, Bo and CO focussed on the photosensitive mat-erial surface Fo as illustrated by Fig. 1 are described here again.
For each lenticular element, the images are formed from the left -- hand toward the right hand in the order of the right image C'+, the middle image C' and the left image C'- of the object CO~ the right image B'+, the middle image B' and the left image B'- of .~
the object Bo~ and the right image A'+, the middle image A' and the left image A'- of the object Ao. It is now assumed, for convenience of illustration, that the sensitization of the fresh photosensitive material F in accordance with these images is achieved through a process comprising three steps corresponding ` to three images, i.eO, the middle image and the right and left images of each of the objects Ao, Bo and CO~ three linear beams projected from the spot light SL serve to sensitize the fresh photosensitive material F in accordance with the left images C'-, ' Bl-, and A'- for conversion from the negative into the corres-ponding positive in the first step of sensitization as shown by Fig. 2(I). Then the original F'o and the fresh photosensitive material F are moved in the directions opposite to each other to a relative position as shown by Fig. 2(II) and three linear beams are projected again from the spot light SL so that three middle - images C', B' and A' are printed on the fresh photosensitive ~ .
material F. Following this second step of sensitization as shown by Fig. 2(II), the original F'o and the fresh photosensitive material F are relatively moved to the relative position as shown l ..
:. ' ' j:
by Fig 2(III) and three linear beams are projected from-the spot light SL so that three right images C'~, B'+ and A'+ are printed on the fresh photosensitive material F. The last step is the ~
third step of sensitization. In consequence.of this process from : :
; the first step to the third step thereof, the images have been printed on the fresh photosensitive material F from the left hand .
toward the right hand in the order of the left image C'-, the middle image C' and the right image C't of the object CO' the . .
left image B'-, the middle image B' and the right image B'~ of :
the objèct BO,.and the left image A'-, the middle image A' and the right image A'~ of the objectAO with the laterally relative ~-~20 position beinq maintained. Thus, a picture in which the reversed ¦
three dimensional images have perfectly converted into the cor- .
responding normal three dimensional images suitable for being three dimensionally viewed is obtaine~ after development. .
The aforegoing description has intentionally been made .
for facilitation and simplification of illustration and really ` there are present on the photosensitive material surface Fo .
numeral reversed three dimensional images for each lenticular .
element so that the operation of printing is really achieved not .
- through the stepwise process as above mentioned but through a .
continuous relative movement of the original F'o and the fresh :::
photosensitive material F at an equal velocity and thereby all . :
the reversed three dimensional images in each lenticular element :: ~ ~:
= 14 - . ~. .
~(~63852 are converted into the corresponding normal three dimensional images through arrangement inversion. Although the relative move-ment of the original F' and the fresh photosensitive material F has been described in the aforegoing explanation as in the directions opposite to each other . ''~ ' ' ' , .
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1, - 14a -since such a manner is most intelligible and pre~erable, the other manner may be also employed such that the original F~o is moved in the same direction as and at a velocity double the lenticular screen M synchronously with the latter with the fresh photosensitive material F being fixed or, on the contrary, the fresh photosensitive material F is moved in the same direction as and at a velocity double the lenticular screen M synchronously with the lattér with the original F~o being fixed.
In the embodiment as shown, the arrangement in which the spot light is used as a light source has been employed in view of the fact that such an arrangement facilitates the usual operation in a dark room, but a more preferable result will be obtained by employing a light source adapted to be projected through the lenti-cular screen M in the beams extending in parallel to one another and transversely of said lenticular screen M.
In the photographic camera according to the present invention based on the condition thal: the image conversion is ~`~ achieved by the process as mentioned above, an objective as shown by Figs. 3 to 5 in a rear view, a plan view partially in a section and a side view, respectively, is employed in combination with a shutter SO A portion designated by a reference symbol Lo corres-`~ ponds to the objective which is, in this embodiment, an objective of large diameter which is circular as seen Erom the front. The shutter generally designated by SO has a pair of blades 11 and 12 each in the form of a thin rectangle and arranged transversely of stripe portions defined by boundary lines of the lenticular -elements of the lenticular screen Mo immediately in front of the photosensitive surface. These two blades 11 and 12 overlapped on each other along their edges near the optical axis to maintain a shielding effect. When the circular objective Lo as shown is used, the black box of the photographic camera must be kept light-tight by coating the objective over the area extending outward :.
:
~63~2 of the area defined by one-dot-chain lines in Fig. 3, namely, extending upwardly of the upper one-dot-chain line and downwardly of the lower one-dot-chain line with shielding material or by -~ covering said area with a suitable shielding member. Opposite ends of the respective blades 11 and 12 are pivotally supported at 20 by the camera body or a part of the shutter casing or held by links 13 and 14 and 15 and 16, respectively. Although said blades 11 and 12 are also pivotally held by the associated links, no reference is given in the figure to designate the respective pivots. The upper blade 11 is moved from its closed position to .. . .
its open position as the links 13 and 14 are rotated around the pivots 20, respectively, and similarly the lower blade12 is moved from its closed position to its open position as the ]inks 15 and 16 are rotated around the pivots 20, respectively. Outer ~ ~;
ends of intermediate links 21 and 22 are pivotally mounted on the -links 13 and lS substantially at middle portions thereof, respec-tively, and said intermediate links 21 and 22 are, in turn, pivotally mounted at 19 on an end of a driving lever 18 adapted to be slidably moved centrally through an electromagnet 17 so that the links 13 and 15 may be rotated through the intermediate links 21 and 22 around the associated pivots 20 by movement of driving lever 18 in the direction as indicated by an arrow.
The electromagnet 17 includes an armature 23 and a restoring spring 24 is suspended between the pivots at which the outer ends of the intermediate links 21 and 22 are mounted on the links 13 and 15, respectively. There is no such a linkage mechanism including the intermediate links for the links 14 and 16, since the links 13 and 15 are rotated around the respective pivots 20 through the intermediate links 21 and 22 as the armature 23 is ;~
attracted under excitation of the electromagnet 17 and, in response to this, the links 14 and 16 also are rotated around the respec-tive pivots 20 so as to move the blades 11 and 12 in opposite .. . ... : ~.
- 16 - ~
directions when the restoring spring 24 restores the links 13 and 15, accordingly, the links 14 and 16 also upon deexcitation of said electromagnet 17 so that no resto.ring spring need be separate-ly provided in practice between the links 14 and 16. A aiaphragm regulating lever 25 serves as a control member disposed at its lower end in the path over which said armature 23 moves. A
screw 27 threaded through parts 26 and 26 of the shutter casing so as to be suspended between these parts is threaded through the upper end of said diaphragm regulating lever 25 between said parts 26, 26. The diaphragm regulating lever 25 is moved laterally by rotating the screw 27 threaded through said upper end to a desired .: .
position and the extent to which the armature 23 is moved by an .
attractive force occurring under excitation of the electromagnet 17 is regulated depending on the position occupied by said diaphragm regulating lever 25. The larger said extent. to which the armature 23 moves under the magnetic attraction. The larger the extent to which the blades 11 and 12 are moved away from each other in response to the movement of said armature 23 by the driving lever 18 and the intermediate links 13 and 15~ The slit defined between the blades is maintained small when the movement of said armature 23 under the magnetic attraction is restrained ~-~
by the diaphragm regulating lever 25 at an initial stage of said movement. A diaphragm value regulating button 28 is mounted onthe outer end of said screw 27 and provided along its partial periphery with a diaphragm value index 29 adapted to index a diaphragm scale (not shown) provided along a rotating range of the diaphragm regulating button 28 at a position to which said button 28 has been rotated.
The diaphragm regulating lever 25 is thus arranged so that the extent of opening of the shutter blades 11 and 12 defining the aperture under excitation of the electromagnet 17 is . ,.
controlled by a mechanism to activate theqlectroma~net 17 and c, 3~5Z
thereby these blades 11 and 12 actually serve also as a diaphragm to control the amount of incident light. However, the measure by which the shutter blades 11 and 12 are enabled to also serve as the diaphragm is not necessarily limited to such a mechanism as shown by Fig. 3. A mechanism shown by Fig. 7 as one of the other possible embodiments may be also effective to this purpose.
The embodiment may employ an objective in the form of a rectangular ` lens system as shown by Fig. 6 and, in this embodiment, the extent to which the shutter blades 11 and 12 are moved in the direction in which the shutter is opened serves to restrain the shutter blades directly. Referring to Fig. 7, a screw 125 serving to regulate the diaphragm, is threaded through a part 126 of the ~ ~-shutter casing and has its upper end located in a range within ; which the blade 12 is moved. A diaphragm value regulating button 128 is mounted on the lower end of the diaphragm regulating screw 125 and, as in the embodiment of Figs. 3 through 5 there is provided a diaphragm scale (not shown) along a range within which said diaphragm regulating button is rotated so that a preset diaphragm value may be indicated by a diaphragm value index 129 arranged on a part of said button 129 in cooperation with said ``
diaphragm scale. Accordingly, also in this embodiment, the diaphragm value regulating button 128 may be turned so as to indicate a given diaphragm value with the index 129 carried thereon and the diaphragm regulating screw 125 which is axially moved in response to the rotation of said button 128 determines with its upper end and through the blade 12 and the links a position -at which the blade 11 is restrained so that the extent to which the blades 11 and 12 are moved away from each other is effectively adjusted.
With the gap shutter of the arrangement as mentioned : above, the armature 23 is attracted by the electromagnet 17 - against the effect of the restoring spring 24 suspended between .. ,i .
~6385~
the pivots upon energization of said electromagnet 17 and thereby ~;
the driving le~er 18 is moved in the direction as indicated by an arrow so that the ends of the respective intermediate links ' 21 and 22 are moved outwardly and the upper and lower links 13 and 15 are rotated around the associated pivots 20. This move-ment serves to move the blades 11 and 12 away from the main optical axis of the objective Lo as well as from each other to form an objective aperture for exposure. The links 14 and 16 are -also rotated around the associated pivots 20 together in cooper-ation with opening movement of said blades 11 and 12. In the course of this opening movement, the diaphragm regulating lever 25 or the diaphragm regulating screw 125 restrains said movement so that the exposure may be achieved with a given diaphragm aperture. Upon deenergization of the electromagnet 17, the restor-ing spring 24 urges the intermediate links 21 and 22, and according-ly, the blades 11 and 12 together constituting the shutter toward one another, effecting closure of the shutter so that a duration ` for which the electromagnet 17 is energized gives an exposure time and the extent to which said blades 11 and 12 are opened determines ~ -~ 20 together with this duration of energization an amount of exposure.
; Although the mechanism in which the blades 11 and 12 are moved away from each other has been mentioned above as an embodiment, it will be obvious that the present invention includes various .. :
modifications in design. For example, an arrangement in which only one of said blades is movable or the shutter comprises a single blade of which the movement provides an aperture gap serving as a slit for exposure.
` The shutter incorporated in the photographic camera according to the present invention, therefore, allows the respec-tive blades to operate only within the extent according to a preset diaphragm value during the opening movement of said shutter and thereby provides a gap defined by this limited opening movement.
-~ In the previously mentioned photographic operation to obtain a three dimensional photograph using the lenticular screen, numer-ous projected images which can be three dimensionally viewed are formed transversely of said stripes of the lenticular screen, -so that it is important to employ an objective having its aper-ture extending in the direction along which said projected images are formed. Therefore, according to the manner of photo-graphic operation to obtain a three dimensional photograph on which the present invention is based, the shutter having its aperture extending transversely of the stripes of the lenticular screen as above mentioned sufficiently meets the requirement and, with respect to the objective itself also, its area extending outward from the rectangular aperture is not utilized. Compared to the usual circular objective as employed in the embodiment as shown by Figs. 3 to 5, the objective as shown by Fig. 6 which is, as seen from the front, a slender rectangular one corresponding to the rectangle defined by the shutter aperture is more prefer-able. Such a particular objective is effective also in that this .
objective does not require a large space as well as facilitates said gap shutter to be mounted in front of or behind the objective.
,' :
'~;, '' ~ .. ~, . '~ ,.
:
:
.~- '' ' .
:. : . . :
., . : . . . .. . . .
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A photographic camera for taking a three dimen-sional photograph comprising a lenticular screen, formed from a plurality of lenticular elements, stationarily located immediately in front of a position adapted to receive a photosensitive mat-erial so as to be in close contact with said sensitive material, a shutter having plate-like blades which are adapted to define an aperture gap extending transversely of stripe portions defined by boundary lines between the lenticular elements of the lenticu-lar screen and an objective having an effective aperture defined by a pair of planes extending in parallel to each other at oppo-site sides of a main optical axis transversely of said stripe portions, whereby a single exposure enables an object to be photographed to be projected through said lenticular screen on said sensitive material as reversed images.
2. A camera according to claim 1, wherein said shutter having plate-like blades comprises a pair of blades adapted to cover the effective aperture of said objective, said blades being adapted to move away from each other into an open position to define said aperture gap.
3. A camera according to claim 1, wherein said objec-tive has its frontal shape in the form of a thin rectangle defin-ing said effective aperture.
4. A camera according to claim 1, wherein the shutter having plate-like blades comprises a pair of blades adapted to cover the effective aperture of said objective and to be operated in response to excitation of an electromagnet so that the rectangu-lar effective aperture of the objective is achieved by movement of said blades away from each other into an open position.
5. A camera according to claim 1, wherein said shutter having plate-like blades comprises a pair of blades arranged to cover the effective aperture of said objective, said blades being adapted to move away from each other by a given amount corres-ponding to a predetermined exposure shutter thereby also serving as a diaphragm to control amount of incident light.
6. A camera according to claim 1, wherein said shutter having plate-like blades comprises a pair of blades arranged to cover the effective aperture of said objective, an electromagnet adapted to move the blades away from each other, a member driven by excitation of said electromagnet to, in turn, operate said blades and a member adapted to regulate the amount of movement of said driven member in accordance with a diaphragm value pre-set by a member in order to control amount of incident light, whereby the electromagnet may be energized to give said objective an aperture for an exposure according to the preset diaphragm value.
7. A camera according to claim 1, wherein said shutter having plate-like blades comprises a pair of blades adapted to cover the effective aperture of said objective, an electromagnet adapted on excitation thereof to move the blades away from each other and a control member which occupies a position in accordance with a preset diaphragm value within the operating range of said shutter blades driven in response to excitation of said electro-magnet and thereby regulate the opening extent of said shutter blades whereby said shutter blades also serve as a diaphragm which controls amount of incident light.
8. A photographic camera for taking a three dimensional photograph comprising a lenticular screen formed from a plurality of lenticular elements stationarily located immediately in front of a position, adapted to receive a photosensitive material so as to be in close contact with said photosensitive material, a shutter having plate-like blades which define in an open position an aperture gap extending transversely of stripe portions defined by boundary lines between the lenticular elments, an electromagnet adapted on excitation thereof to operate said shutter having plate-like blades, a control member adapted to regulate the opening extent of the blades of the shutter to provide a diaphragm aperture and an objective having an effective aperture defined by a pair of parallel planes on opposite sides of a main optical axis transver-sely of said stripe portions, whereby the exposure time is determined on the basis of the time for which said electromagnet is energized and the diaphragm aperture controlling amount of incident light is determined by an operating extent of said shutter blades opened under excitation of said electromagnet so that an object to be photographed is projected, with a single exposure, through said lenticular screen on said sensitive material as reversed three dimensional images formed thereon.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6469875A JPS5854376B2 (en) | 1975-05-28 | 1975-05-28 | Ritsutaisha Shinsatsueiyo Camera |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1063852A true CA1063852A (en) | 1979-10-09 |
Family
ID=13265619
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA251,039A Expired CA1063852A (en) | 1975-05-28 | 1976-04-26 | Three dimensional lenticular camera with gap shutter |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5854376B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU504799B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1063852A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4800407A (en) * | 1988-02-01 | 1989-01-24 | Wah Lo Allen K | Total focus 3-D camera and 3-D image structure |
| US5076296A (en) * | 1988-07-22 | 1991-12-31 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Carbon heat source |
-
1975
- 1975-05-28 JP JP6469875A patent/JPS5854376B2/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-03-23 AU AU12266/76A patent/AU504799B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-26 CA CA251,039A patent/CA1063852A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5854376B2 (en) | 1983-12-05 |
| AU1226676A (en) | 1977-09-29 |
| AU504799B2 (en) | 1979-11-01 |
| JPS51145320A (en) | 1976-12-14 |
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