CA1061210A - Method and apparatus for analysing blood - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for analysing bloodInfo
- Publication number
- CA1061210A CA1061210A CA253,971A CA253971A CA1061210A CA 1061210 A CA1061210 A CA 1061210A CA 253971 A CA253971 A CA 253971A CA 1061210 A CA1061210 A CA 1061210A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- tube
- holder
- patient
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14542—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring blood gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/07—Endoradiosondes
- A61B5/076—Permanent implantations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1468—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1495—Calibrating or testing of in-vivo probes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150007—Details
- A61B5/150015—Source of blood
- A61B5/15003—Source of blood for venous or arterial blood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150992—Blood sampling from a fluid line external to a patient, such as a catheter line, combined with an infusion line; blood sampling from indwelling needle sets, e.g. sealable ports, luer couplings, valves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
- A61M39/10—Tube connectors; Tube couplings
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
There is described a method for analyzing continous-ly blood, which comprises forming a reduced-length bridge on the subject between the arterial and veinous systems by means of an apparatus to which can be connected at least one miniatu-rized sensor, the input to said apparatus being connected to the arterial system and the output to the veinous system, while means are provided to instil into said apparatus an anticoagu-lating or reference liquid.
There is described a method for analyzing continous-ly blood, which comprises forming a reduced-length bridge on the subject between the arterial and veinous systems by means of an apparatus to which can be connected at least one miniatu-rized sensor, the input to said apparatus being connected to the arterial system and the output to the veinous system, while means are provided to instil into said apparatus an anticoagu-lating or reference liquid.
Description
``` 1061~
This invention relates to apparatus for continuous in vivo analysis of blood.
The invention provides apparatus allowing observation, in a human being, continuously and during short or extended periods of time, of blood parameters without taking samples and in such conditions that said ob-servations be made directly in the most favourable conditions on the flowing blood.
The invention provides apparatus in whose use coagulation dangers are extremely low and which moreover allows accurate measurings at a tempera-ture near or equal to the subject temperature, without such measurings being adversely influenced by the transfer of a sample.
Accordingly, the present invention provides apparatus for use in continuous in vivo analysis of blood, which apparatus is of sufficiently small size that it can be worn on the body of a patient and use only the cir-culatory system of the patient to circulate bIood through the apparatus, the apparatus comprising a tube of non-thrombogenic material for the passage of circulating blood whose ends are adapted to be connected to catheters, one ~ -introduced into a vein and one introduced into an artery of the patient, and at least one holder for a sensor so that in operation a sensor present in the holder will contact blood flowing in the tube. ``
Thus, a reduced-length bridge is formed on the subject between `
the arterial and veinous systems by means of an apparatus to which can be connected at least one miniaturized sensor, the input to said apparatus being connected to the arterial system and the output to the veinous system, while means are provided to instil into said apparatus an anti-coagulating or re-ference liquid.
In a preferred form of the apparatus the holder comprises a cylin~
drical tip extending normally to the axis of the tube. The cylindrical tip may be provided with a plug having the same size as the sensors. The tube should be formed of a non-thrombogenic synthetic material ha~ing no resis~ance to the blood flow. Suitable materials include silicones. The tube and holder may be molded integrally.
~ - 2 -~ 121~
Other details and features of the invention will appear from the description given below by way of non limitative example and with reference to the accompanying drawing, of apparatus and its use for analyzing blood. .-The apparatus according ~o the invention allows extended obser-vations, continuously and without taking sam-- 2a - ~ r . . ,. .. . .. ... ., . , , ~ , , ,, .:
~ L2~L~
ples, regarding a plurality of blood parame-ters. A11 of the-se measurings are made in conditions similar to or identi-cal with those conditions prevailing "in vivo" and which are impossible to reproduce "in vitro".
With the teachings of the invention, it is pos-sible not onlytom~ean extended simultaneous observation of various characteristics of the blood from a subject, but mostly to make such observation under ideal and remarkable conditions, By providing an "arterial-veinous shunt", the so-called "bridge", between the arterial and veinous flows, a branching for the blood to be observed is provided and due to the use of a large enough number of miniaturized senisiors tolerated by the blood, which are designed either for a repeated use or for a single use, a large number of obser-vations can be made under remarkable conditions.
The above-mentioned "bridge" is easily provided for example between the radial artery and the ante-cubital vein or between an artery and a vein in the lower limb by introducing one catheter in the vein and another catheter in said artery, The bridge-forming apparatus is then arran~
ged in position by means of akno~n device. The apparatus is located against the patient skin and it is isolated against heat losses. This arrangement and the large blood flow in the bridge insure the retaining ad~acent the sensors of a constant temperature which is nearly equal to the body tem-perature. This temperature can be measured.
In a simple embodiment, the apparatus is compri-sed of a tube 1 from non-thrombogeneous plastic material on the basis of silicone for example, The flowing blood is in " ` 1~)6~2~0 no way slowed-down by the contact with the inner wall of the central bore 2 of tube 1.
A particularly suitable plastic material for this purpose is sold by the Dow-Corning o~mpany under the trade-mark "Silastic".
The tube 1 which can be fastened by means of belts 3, has a plurality of holding devices for sensors 4 integral with the tube proper, when said tube is made from synthetic material, The ends of tube 1 are connected to catheters (not shown) the terminal elements 5 of which have been shown diagrammatically, Said elements are however not part of , the inventionO
The holding devices 4 are easily pierced to let through the sensors required for the various observations, The sensors may notably be comprised of elec-trodes for measùring blood gases (2' C02) and electrolytes tH , K ), optical fibers, thermometers, ionizing radiation sensors, etc,,, The holding devices can also be used for instil-ling an anticoagulating solution, for example. Said devices may also be used for instilling reference solutions to calibrate the sensors without requiring deconnection of same.
Due to the provision of said "bridge", the geo-metrical, thermic and haemodynamic conditions remain stable, `~
Moreover by short-circuiting the capillary system, the cir-culatory changes resulting from changes in said system are avoided, The apparatus which may be retained in position for long or short periodsof time, allows not only the obser-~L06~
vation of many parameters but also the observation of thedevelopment thereof, The parameters the development of which can be followed continuously are the proportions of materials normally present in the blood or of tracer or medicinal and pharmacological materials given for diagnos-tic and pharmacological purpose or for medicinal purposes, or else the values of physical or physico-chemical proper-ties of the blood such as the temperature, the electric conductivity, the electro-magnetic field, By means of the apparatus aacording to the invention, the taking of blood samples is possible without additional tapping, The tube 1 as well as the catheters are compri-sed of or covered with a silicone-base plastic material or some other material which does not impede a continuous ~.
and normal flow of the blood, The ~oagulating dangers are prevented by insu-ring a high flow speed for the blood and by instilling an ~
anti-coagulating agent such as heparin , : ;
The miniaturizing of the apparatus makes it easy to isolate same against heat losses ; it does enhan-ce the'high-speed flow of the blood, The constant value of the temperature at which the measurings are performed is thus insured, The miniaturizing lowers the coagulating danger, It does minimize the patient discomfort and makes it easier to tolerate the apparatus for long period of time, It must be understood that the invention is in no way limited to the above embodiments and that many chan-ges can be brought therein without departing from the scope . .
of the invention as defined by the appended claims,
This invention relates to apparatus for continuous in vivo analysis of blood.
The invention provides apparatus allowing observation, in a human being, continuously and during short or extended periods of time, of blood parameters without taking samples and in such conditions that said ob-servations be made directly in the most favourable conditions on the flowing blood.
The invention provides apparatus in whose use coagulation dangers are extremely low and which moreover allows accurate measurings at a tempera-ture near or equal to the subject temperature, without such measurings being adversely influenced by the transfer of a sample.
Accordingly, the present invention provides apparatus for use in continuous in vivo analysis of blood, which apparatus is of sufficiently small size that it can be worn on the body of a patient and use only the cir-culatory system of the patient to circulate bIood through the apparatus, the apparatus comprising a tube of non-thrombogenic material for the passage of circulating blood whose ends are adapted to be connected to catheters, one ~ -introduced into a vein and one introduced into an artery of the patient, and at least one holder for a sensor so that in operation a sensor present in the holder will contact blood flowing in the tube. ``
Thus, a reduced-length bridge is formed on the subject between `
the arterial and veinous systems by means of an apparatus to which can be connected at least one miniaturized sensor, the input to said apparatus being connected to the arterial system and the output to the veinous system, while means are provided to instil into said apparatus an anti-coagulating or re-ference liquid.
In a preferred form of the apparatus the holder comprises a cylin~
drical tip extending normally to the axis of the tube. The cylindrical tip may be provided with a plug having the same size as the sensors. The tube should be formed of a non-thrombogenic synthetic material ha~ing no resis~ance to the blood flow. Suitable materials include silicones. The tube and holder may be molded integrally.
~ - 2 -~ 121~
Other details and features of the invention will appear from the description given below by way of non limitative example and with reference to the accompanying drawing, of apparatus and its use for analyzing blood. .-The apparatus according ~o the invention allows extended obser-vations, continuously and without taking sam-- 2a - ~ r . . ,. .. . .. ... ., . , , ~ , , ,, .:
~ L2~L~
ples, regarding a plurality of blood parame-ters. A11 of the-se measurings are made in conditions similar to or identi-cal with those conditions prevailing "in vivo" and which are impossible to reproduce "in vitro".
With the teachings of the invention, it is pos-sible not onlytom~ean extended simultaneous observation of various characteristics of the blood from a subject, but mostly to make such observation under ideal and remarkable conditions, By providing an "arterial-veinous shunt", the so-called "bridge", between the arterial and veinous flows, a branching for the blood to be observed is provided and due to the use of a large enough number of miniaturized senisiors tolerated by the blood, which are designed either for a repeated use or for a single use, a large number of obser-vations can be made under remarkable conditions.
The above-mentioned "bridge" is easily provided for example between the radial artery and the ante-cubital vein or between an artery and a vein in the lower limb by introducing one catheter in the vein and another catheter in said artery, The bridge-forming apparatus is then arran~
ged in position by means of akno~n device. The apparatus is located against the patient skin and it is isolated against heat losses. This arrangement and the large blood flow in the bridge insure the retaining ad~acent the sensors of a constant temperature which is nearly equal to the body tem-perature. This temperature can be measured.
In a simple embodiment, the apparatus is compri-sed of a tube 1 from non-thrombogeneous plastic material on the basis of silicone for example, The flowing blood is in " ` 1~)6~2~0 no way slowed-down by the contact with the inner wall of the central bore 2 of tube 1.
A particularly suitable plastic material for this purpose is sold by the Dow-Corning o~mpany under the trade-mark "Silastic".
The tube 1 which can be fastened by means of belts 3, has a plurality of holding devices for sensors 4 integral with the tube proper, when said tube is made from synthetic material, The ends of tube 1 are connected to catheters (not shown) the terminal elements 5 of which have been shown diagrammatically, Said elements are however not part of , the inventionO
The holding devices 4 are easily pierced to let through the sensors required for the various observations, The sensors may notably be comprised of elec-trodes for measùring blood gases (2' C02) and electrolytes tH , K ), optical fibers, thermometers, ionizing radiation sensors, etc,,, The holding devices can also be used for instil-ling an anticoagulating solution, for example. Said devices may also be used for instilling reference solutions to calibrate the sensors without requiring deconnection of same.
Due to the provision of said "bridge", the geo-metrical, thermic and haemodynamic conditions remain stable, `~
Moreover by short-circuiting the capillary system, the cir-culatory changes resulting from changes in said system are avoided, The apparatus which may be retained in position for long or short periodsof time, allows not only the obser-~L06~
vation of many parameters but also the observation of thedevelopment thereof, The parameters the development of which can be followed continuously are the proportions of materials normally present in the blood or of tracer or medicinal and pharmacological materials given for diagnos-tic and pharmacological purpose or for medicinal purposes, or else the values of physical or physico-chemical proper-ties of the blood such as the temperature, the electric conductivity, the electro-magnetic field, By means of the apparatus aacording to the invention, the taking of blood samples is possible without additional tapping, The tube 1 as well as the catheters are compri-sed of or covered with a silicone-base plastic material or some other material which does not impede a continuous ~.
and normal flow of the blood, The ~oagulating dangers are prevented by insu-ring a high flow speed for the blood and by instilling an ~
anti-coagulating agent such as heparin , : ;
The miniaturizing of the apparatus makes it easy to isolate same against heat losses ; it does enhan-ce the'high-speed flow of the blood, The constant value of the temperature at which the measurings are performed is thus insured, The miniaturizing lowers the coagulating danger, It does minimize the patient discomfort and makes it easier to tolerate the apparatus for long period of time, It must be understood that the invention is in no way limited to the above embodiments and that many chan-ges can be brought therein without departing from the scope . .
of the invention as defined by the appended claims,
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Apparatus for use in continuous in vivo analysis of blood, which apparatus is of sufficiently small size that it can be worn on the body of a patient and use only the circulatory system of the patient to circulate blood through the apparatus, the apparatus comprising a tube of non-thrombogenic material for the passage of circulating blood whose ends are adapted to be connected to catheters, one introduced into a vein and one introduced into an artery of the patient, and at least one holder for a sensor so that in operation a sensor present in the holder will contact blood flowing in the tube.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which the holder comprises a cylindrical tip extending normally to the axis of said tube.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, in which the cylindrical tip is provided with a plug having the same size as the sensors.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, which is made from a non-thrombogenic synthetic material having no resistance to the blood flow to be observed.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 which is made from a silicone material.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which the tube and the holder or holders are molded integrally.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE157027A BE829861A (en) | 1975-06-04 | 1975-06-04 | BLOOD ANALYSIS METHOD AND APPARATUS |
| BE829861 | 1975-06-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1061210A true CA1061210A (en) | 1979-08-28 |
Family
ID=25648643
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA253,971A Expired CA1061210A (en) | 1975-06-04 | 1976-06-03 | Method and apparatus for analysing blood |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE829861A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1061210A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH611710A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2540365C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2313676A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1551374A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7606009A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE420379B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU7129287A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-09-09 | Affiliated Innovation Management Inc. | Continuous lossless monitoring of neonatal blood characterisctics |
| WO2007052255A2 (en) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-05-10 | Mark Fenster | A system and method for external continuous blood content measurement and injection of pharmaceuticals |
| CN108852367B (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2021-06-29 | 天津大学 | Blood extracorporeal circulation type high-precision blood sugar continuous monitoring instrument based on optical microfluid |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL248506A (en) * | 1958-07-11 | |||
| GB1204204A (en) * | 1967-10-20 | 1970-09-03 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Method and apparatus for in vivo concentration measurements |
| US3507146A (en) * | 1968-02-09 | 1970-04-21 | Webb James E | Method and system for respiration analysis |
| US3826257A (en) * | 1972-07-14 | 1974-07-30 | T Buselmeier | Prosthetic shunt |
-
1975
- 1975-06-04 BE BE157027A patent/BE829861A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-09-10 DE DE2540365A patent/DE2540365C3/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-05-25 CH CH657776A patent/CH611710A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-06-01 FR FR7617178A patent/FR2313676A1/en active Pending
- 1976-06-03 CA CA253,971A patent/CA1061210A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-03 NL NL7606009A patent/NL7606009A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-06-03 SE SE7606275A patent/SE420379B/en unknown
- 1976-06-04 GB GB23072/76A patent/GB1551374A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH611710A5 (en) | 1979-06-15 |
| GB1551374A (en) | 1979-08-30 |
| SE420379B (en) | 1981-10-05 |
| DE2540365C3 (en) | 1978-09-14 |
| FR2313676A1 (en) | 1976-12-31 |
| DE2540365A1 (en) | 1976-12-16 |
| DE2540365B2 (en) | 1978-01-12 |
| SE7606275L (en) | 1976-12-05 |
| NL7606009A (en) | 1976-12-07 |
| BE829861A (en) | 1975-10-01 |
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