CA1059924A - Dialyzer plate cartridge - Google Patents
Dialyzer plate cartridgeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1059924A CA1059924A CA223,331A CA223331A CA1059924A CA 1059924 A CA1059924 A CA 1059924A CA 223331 A CA223331 A CA 223331A CA 1059924 A CA1059924 A CA 1059924A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hollow
- fluid
- cross members
- fibres
- gasket
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 17
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002894 chemical waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/026—Wafer type modules or flat-surface type modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A novel dialyzer cartridge is provided which includes a gasket defining a central hollow area, and first and second cross members affixed in and extending between the interior side walls of the gasket to divide the hollow area into first, second and third portions.
The ends of a plurality of hollow fibres are embedded in respective cross members to extend across the second portion of the hollow between the first and third portions.
A first fluid is introduced into the first portion to be transported through the fibres to the third portion and a second fluid is introduced into the second portion to flow about the fibres and thereby facilitate the process of dialysis between the interior and exterior of the fibres. The second portion of the hollow is sealed from the first and third portions by a pair of plates secured together with the gasket sandwiched therebetween.
A novel dialyzer cartridge is provided which includes a gasket defining a central hollow area, and first and second cross members affixed in and extending between the interior side walls of the gasket to divide the hollow area into first, second and third portions.
The ends of a plurality of hollow fibres are embedded in respective cross members to extend across the second portion of the hollow between the first and third portions.
A first fluid is introduced into the first portion to be transported through the fibres to the third portion and a second fluid is introduced into the second portion to flow about the fibres and thereby facilitate the process of dialysis between the interior and exterior of the fibres. The second portion of the hollow is sealed from the first and third portions by a pair of plates secured together with the gasket sandwiched therebetween.
Description
DIALYZER PLATE CARTRIDGE
This invention relates to a structure for facilitat-ing the process of dialysis in artificial kidney systems and the like.
In artificial kidney systems, blood is withdrawn from a patient and applied to a dialyzer through which dialysate solution is circulated and then, by the process of dialysis, chemical wastes, electrolytes and water in the bload pass into the dialysate solution (and in some cases vice versa) through t~in walls of a membrane structure, such as hollow fibres, carrying the blood. The dialysate solution containing the wastes and water is drawn from the dialyzer and disposed of and the blood is returned to the patient. This process of transporting wastes and water from the blood is referred to as hemodialysis.
Dialyzers or dialyzer cartridges of the hollow fibre type typically include a bundle of hollow fibres potted at either end in rubber or other suitable material for holding the fibres. The cross section of the bundle and the potting material is circular to enable insertion of the bundle into a cylindrically-shaped container. Blood is then introduced into one end of the container
This invention relates to a structure for facilitat-ing the process of dialysis in artificial kidney systems and the like.
In artificial kidney systems, blood is withdrawn from a patient and applied to a dialyzer through which dialysate solution is circulated and then, by the process of dialysis, chemical wastes, electrolytes and water in the bload pass into the dialysate solution (and in some cases vice versa) through t~in walls of a membrane structure, such as hollow fibres, carrying the blood. The dialysate solution containing the wastes and water is drawn from the dialyzer and disposed of and the blood is returned to the patient. This process of transporting wastes and water from the blood is referred to as hemodialysis.
Dialyzers or dialyzer cartridges of the hollow fibre type typically include a bundle of hollow fibres potted at either end in rubber or other suitable material for holding the fibres. The cross section of the bundle and the potting material is circular to enable insertion of the bundle into a cylindrically-shaped container. Blood is then introduced into one end of the container
2 682-6678 1~599Z4 to flow through the fibres to the other end and dialysate solution is introduced near the central portion of the container to flow about the exterior surfaces of the fibres and then out again. With this configuration, the cross-sectional area of the potting material is rather large and, since the material is supported only around its periphery, pressures caused by the dialysate solution and the blood may cause the material to deform, fracture, and leak. This configuration may also present fabrication problems, from a quality control stand-point, because of the large cross-sectional area of the potting material and the difficulty of depositing potting material around the ends of the fibres.
Finally, the cylindrically-shaped dialyæer cartridge ` containex can accommodate only one fibre bundle size thus necessitating a change in both the container and the fibre bundle when a dialyzer cartridge having a different dialyzing effective area is desired.
A specific illustrative embodiment of the invention includes a gasket member defining a hollow, ~irst and second cross members extending between interior side ~alls of the gasket member to divide the hollow into first, second and third portions and membrane elements extending across the second portion 1~)599Z4 of the holl~w from the first portion to the third portion for carrying fluid therebetween. One fluid may be introduced into the first portion of the hollow for transport through the membrane elements to the third portion, and another fluid may be introduced into the second portion of the hollow to circulate about the membrane means and thereby facilitate the dialysis process.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a .,, dialyzer cartridge comprising a gasket member defining a hollow, first and second cross members affixed in and extend-ing between the side walls of the gasket member to divide the hollow into first, second and third portions, membrane means for carrying fluid, said membrane means extending across the second portion of the hollow between the cross me~bers to ` provide a passageway for carrying fluid between the first and third portions of the hollow, sealing means for sealing the first and third portions from the second portion, means for introducing a first fluid into the first portion so that the first fluid is carried by the membrane means to the third portion, and means for introducing a second fluid into the second portion to flow about the exterior surface of the membrane means, said dialyzer cartridge further comprising divider means dividing the first portion of the hollow into first and second sections, means for introducing said first fluid into the first section, said first fluid being carried from the first section by the membrane means to the third portion of the hollow and then being carried by the membrane means to the second section, and means for receiving said second fluid from the second section.
~05992~
The gasket member and cross members may be constructed of resilient material such as silicone rubber, polymethyl-- methacrylate or the like.
m e gasket member and cross members may define a , substantially planar profile and sealing means may comprise a pair of plates for securing the gasket member therebetween.
Such dialyzer cartridge may further comprise means for urging the two plates together to compress the gasket member there-between. In this construction at least one of the plates may have an aperture therein through which fluid may be introduced into the first portion of the hollow, at least one of the v plates may have an aperture therein through which fluid may be received from the third portion of the hollow, at least one of the plates may have an aperture therein through which fluid may be introduced into the second portion of the hollow, and at least one of ~ 5 - 682-6678 the plates may have an aperture therein through which fluid may be received from the second portion.
In an alternative constructio~ side walls of the gasket member may have a first opening through which fluid may be introduced into the first portion of the hollow, a second opening through which fluid may be received from the third portion of the hollow, a third opening through which fluid may be introduced into the second portion of the hollow, and a fourth opening through which fluid may be received from the second portion of the hollow.
The membrane means employed in the dialyzer cartridge of the invention may include a plurality of hollow fibres, the ends of which are embedded in respective cross members to extend from the first portion to the third portion of the hollow for carrying fluid therebetween.
One embodiment of the dialyzer cartridge of the invention further comprises divider means dividing the first portion of the hollow into first and second sections, means for introducing fluid into the first section, said fluid flowing from the first section through the membrane means to the third portion of the hollow and ~osg9Z4 then through the membrane means to the second section, and means for receiving fluid from the second section.
Further constructional aspects and details of a dialyzer cartridge construction in accordance with the in-vention will become appaxent with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is an exploded, perspective view of a dialyzer cartridge made in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a top view of the gasket member and the membrane structure of the dialyzer cartridge of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the gasket member and membrane structure.
The dialyzer cartridge of Fig. 1 will be described assuming that the cartridge is to be used for hemodialysis.
As will be apparent, however, the cartridge could be used for various types of dialysis. As shown in Fig. 1, the cartridge includes a generally rectangularly-shaped gasket member 2 circumscribing and defining a hollow area there-within. The gasket 2 is constructed of a material such as silicone rubber of polymethylmethacrylate. A pair of cross members 4 and 6, advantageously constructed of the same material as the gasket 2, extend between parallel interior side walls of the gasket 2 to divide the hollow area defined by the gasket into three portions or sub-sections 8, lO and 12. The cross members 4 and 6 may be molded integral with the gasket 2 or may be fabricated separately and then affixed in the gasket 2 by a suitable adhesive. The gasket 2 and cross members 4 and 6 define a generally planar profile having a substantially uniform thickness.
A plurality of membrane elements in the form of hollow fibres 14 extend between the cross members 4 and 6 across the central hollow portion 10. The ends of the fibres are embedded in and carried by respective ones of the cross members 4 and 6 to hold the fibres in place.
The terminations of the fibres extend through corresponding cross members into the two end hollow portions 8 and 12.
A portion of the terminations of the fibres 14 which extend into the hollow portion 8 are shown at 16 of Fig 1. The hollow fibres 14 may be constructed of cellulose or other semipermeable membrane.
Embedding the fibres in the cross members may be accomplished in a variety of ways. For example, a few of the fibres may be positioned in a form or mold and , .
` 105~924 s un-solidified room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber applied thereto. When the applied silico~e rubber cures or solidifies, more fibres may be laid in place and more unsolidified silicone rubber applied to the fibres. m is ' process can be repeated until the desired number of fibres are secured in the silicone rubber cross members. If desired, the fibres and silicone rubber may be cut at either end thereof to neatly "square off" the fibre terminations.
The structure for supporting and containing the gasket 2 and fibres 14 includes a pair of generally flat plates 20 and 22. The plates 20 and 22 are respectively placed above and below the gasket 2 and then secured together by bolts 24, inserted through holes in the plates 20 and 22 and through the hollow portions 8 and 12, and by nuts 26 screwed onto the bolts. The plates 20 and 22 are urged together by tightening the nuts on the bolts to thereby compress the gasket 2 and cross members 4 and 6 to thereby seal each of the hollow portions 8, 10 and 12 from the others. m at is, the plate 20 is urged against the upper surfaces of the gasket 2 and cross members 4 and 6, and the plate 22 is urged against the bottom surfaces thereof to thus form the necessary seals.
of course, a variety of arrangements could be used to secure the plates 20 and 22 together, including various releasable clamping mechanisms.
When the plates and gasket are secured in place, blood ' from a patient is introduced into the dialyzer cartridge through a conduit or tube 30 attached to the plate 20 over an ~,.
opening therein. The opening in the plate 20 is positioned ~, over the hollow portion 8 so that blood applied to the tube 30 f,lows into the hollow portion 8. The tube 30 may be attached to the plate 20 by any suitable means which will enable conveyance of blood into the hollow portion 8 while preventing leaking. For example, a raised cylindrical nipple could be formed in the plate 20 over which the end of the conduit 30 could be positioned and held in place by a suitable clamp.
The blood introduced into the hollow portion 8 flows through the fibres 14 to the hollow portion 12 and from there the blood is carried from the dialyzer cartridge by a tube 32 attached to the plate 20 over an opening in the plate. Again, the opening over which the tube 32 is attached is positioned over the hollow portion 12. The positioning of the openings in the plate 20 are shown by dotted circles in Fig. 2.
T
- lO - 682-6678 - ~()599Z4 The dialysate solution is introduced and removed from the central hollow portion lO in a similar fashion.
Specifically, the dialysate solution is introduced via tube 34 into one corner of the central hollow portion 10 and the solution flows and circulates about the fibres and then out tube 36. As the blood flows through the fibres 14 and the dialysate solution flows around the fibres, dialysis takes place and chemical wastes, electolytes and water in the blood pass through the walls of the fibres into the dialysate solution.
With the structure shown and described, gaskets of various thicknesses can be accommodated between plates 20 and 22 and thus the membrane or fibre wall area may be varied simply by substituting gaskets of different thicknesses having different numbers of fibres. In addition, the flat profile of the dialyzer cartridge facilitates ease of packing and shipping. It may be desirable to ship the gasket in a sterile membrane cover (to maintain the gasket in a sterilized condition), which could remain f-itted over the gasket when the gasket were positioned between the plates (provided appropriate holes were made in the membrane to allow introduction and exit of blood and dialysate solution). The cross ~ 682-6678 lOS99:24 members 4 and 6 securing the fibres 14 provide a rugged support for the fibres since the thickness of the cross members and thus the distance between points of support of the cross ~,embers by the plates 20 and 22 is relatively small. That is, there is little chance for deformation and fracturing of the cross members due to fluid pressures introduced into the dialyzer cartridge.
Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a dialyzer gasket and membrane structure. In this embodiment, two hollows or sections 40 and 42 are formed in one end of the gasket 2 with a central hollow portion 10 and an opposite end hollow portion 12 also formed in the gasket, as in the ~gs. 1 and 2 embodiment. Hollow fibres 14 extend across the central hollow portion 10 between the hollow section 40 and hollow portion 12 and between the portion 12 and hollow section 42. With this configuration, dialysate solution is introduced into the central hollow portion 14, through a section of tube 50 extending through the side wall of the gasket 2, and blood is introduced into the section 40, through a section of tube 52 extending through the end wall of the gasket, to flow through fibres 14 to the hollow portion 12 and then - through fibres 14 to the section 42. This provides a ~0599Z4 longer membrane pathway for the blood to travel through the dialysate solution, thereby facilitating greater exposure for the blood to the dialysis process. Of course, plates 20 and 22 would be provided with the gasket configuration of Fig. 3. In this case, no openings in the plates would be needed since the blood and dialysate solution is introduced into and removed from the cartridge through sections of tube extending through the walls of the gasket.
Finally, the cylindrically-shaped dialyæer cartridge ` containex can accommodate only one fibre bundle size thus necessitating a change in both the container and the fibre bundle when a dialyzer cartridge having a different dialyzing effective area is desired.
A specific illustrative embodiment of the invention includes a gasket member defining a hollow, ~irst and second cross members extending between interior side ~alls of the gasket member to divide the hollow into first, second and third portions and membrane elements extending across the second portion 1~)599Z4 of the holl~w from the first portion to the third portion for carrying fluid therebetween. One fluid may be introduced into the first portion of the hollow for transport through the membrane elements to the third portion, and another fluid may be introduced into the second portion of the hollow to circulate about the membrane means and thereby facilitate the dialysis process.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a .,, dialyzer cartridge comprising a gasket member defining a hollow, first and second cross members affixed in and extend-ing between the side walls of the gasket member to divide the hollow into first, second and third portions, membrane means for carrying fluid, said membrane means extending across the second portion of the hollow between the cross me~bers to ` provide a passageway for carrying fluid between the first and third portions of the hollow, sealing means for sealing the first and third portions from the second portion, means for introducing a first fluid into the first portion so that the first fluid is carried by the membrane means to the third portion, and means for introducing a second fluid into the second portion to flow about the exterior surface of the membrane means, said dialyzer cartridge further comprising divider means dividing the first portion of the hollow into first and second sections, means for introducing said first fluid into the first section, said first fluid being carried from the first section by the membrane means to the third portion of the hollow and then being carried by the membrane means to the second section, and means for receiving said second fluid from the second section.
~05992~
The gasket member and cross members may be constructed of resilient material such as silicone rubber, polymethyl-- methacrylate or the like.
m e gasket member and cross members may define a , substantially planar profile and sealing means may comprise a pair of plates for securing the gasket member therebetween.
Such dialyzer cartridge may further comprise means for urging the two plates together to compress the gasket member there-between. In this construction at least one of the plates may have an aperture therein through which fluid may be introduced into the first portion of the hollow, at least one of the v plates may have an aperture therein through which fluid may be received from the third portion of the hollow, at least one of the plates may have an aperture therein through which fluid may be introduced into the second portion of the hollow, and at least one of ~ 5 - 682-6678 the plates may have an aperture therein through which fluid may be received from the second portion.
In an alternative constructio~ side walls of the gasket member may have a first opening through which fluid may be introduced into the first portion of the hollow, a second opening through which fluid may be received from the third portion of the hollow, a third opening through which fluid may be introduced into the second portion of the hollow, and a fourth opening through which fluid may be received from the second portion of the hollow.
The membrane means employed in the dialyzer cartridge of the invention may include a plurality of hollow fibres, the ends of which are embedded in respective cross members to extend from the first portion to the third portion of the hollow for carrying fluid therebetween.
One embodiment of the dialyzer cartridge of the invention further comprises divider means dividing the first portion of the hollow into first and second sections, means for introducing fluid into the first section, said fluid flowing from the first section through the membrane means to the third portion of the hollow and ~osg9Z4 then through the membrane means to the second section, and means for receiving fluid from the second section.
Further constructional aspects and details of a dialyzer cartridge construction in accordance with the in-vention will become appaxent with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is an exploded, perspective view of a dialyzer cartridge made in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a top view of the gasket member and the membrane structure of the dialyzer cartridge of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the gasket member and membrane structure.
The dialyzer cartridge of Fig. 1 will be described assuming that the cartridge is to be used for hemodialysis.
As will be apparent, however, the cartridge could be used for various types of dialysis. As shown in Fig. 1, the cartridge includes a generally rectangularly-shaped gasket member 2 circumscribing and defining a hollow area there-within. The gasket 2 is constructed of a material such as silicone rubber of polymethylmethacrylate. A pair of cross members 4 and 6, advantageously constructed of the same material as the gasket 2, extend between parallel interior side walls of the gasket 2 to divide the hollow area defined by the gasket into three portions or sub-sections 8, lO and 12. The cross members 4 and 6 may be molded integral with the gasket 2 or may be fabricated separately and then affixed in the gasket 2 by a suitable adhesive. The gasket 2 and cross members 4 and 6 define a generally planar profile having a substantially uniform thickness.
A plurality of membrane elements in the form of hollow fibres 14 extend between the cross members 4 and 6 across the central hollow portion 10. The ends of the fibres are embedded in and carried by respective ones of the cross members 4 and 6 to hold the fibres in place.
The terminations of the fibres extend through corresponding cross members into the two end hollow portions 8 and 12.
A portion of the terminations of the fibres 14 which extend into the hollow portion 8 are shown at 16 of Fig 1. The hollow fibres 14 may be constructed of cellulose or other semipermeable membrane.
Embedding the fibres in the cross members may be accomplished in a variety of ways. For example, a few of the fibres may be positioned in a form or mold and , .
` 105~924 s un-solidified room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber applied thereto. When the applied silico~e rubber cures or solidifies, more fibres may be laid in place and more unsolidified silicone rubber applied to the fibres. m is ' process can be repeated until the desired number of fibres are secured in the silicone rubber cross members. If desired, the fibres and silicone rubber may be cut at either end thereof to neatly "square off" the fibre terminations.
The structure for supporting and containing the gasket 2 and fibres 14 includes a pair of generally flat plates 20 and 22. The plates 20 and 22 are respectively placed above and below the gasket 2 and then secured together by bolts 24, inserted through holes in the plates 20 and 22 and through the hollow portions 8 and 12, and by nuts 26 screwed onto the bolts. The plates 20 and 22 are urged together by tightening the nuts on the bolts to thereby compress the gasket 2 and cross members 4 and 6 to thereby seal each of the hollow portions 8, 10 and 12 from the others. m at is, the plate 20 is urged against the upper surfaces of the gasket 2 and cross members 4 and 6, and the plate 22 is urged against the bottom surfaces thereof to thus form the necessary seals.
of course, a variety of arrangements could be used to secure the plates 20 and 22 together, including various releasable clamping mechanisms.
When the plates and gasket are secured in place, blood ' from a patient is introduced into the dialyzer cartridge through a conduit or tube 30 attached to the plate 20 over an ~,.
opening therein. The opening in the plate 20 is positioned ~, over the hollow portion 8 so that blood applied to the tube 30 f,lows into the hollow portion 8. The tube 30 may be attached to the plate 20 by any suitable means which will enable conveyance of blood into the hollow portion 8 while preventing leaking. For example, a raised cylindrical nipple could be formed in the plate 20 over which the end of the conduit 30 could be positioned and held in place by a suitable clamp.
The blood introduced into the hollow portion 8 flows through the fibres 14 to the hollow portion 12 and from there the blood is carried from the dialyzer cartridge by a tube 32 attached to the plate 20 over an opening in the plate. Again, the opening over which the tube 32 is attached is positioned over the hollow portion 12. The positioning of the openings in the plate 20 are shown by dotted circles in Fig. 2.
T
- lO - 682-6678 - ~()599Z4 The dialysate solution is introduced and removed from the central hollow portion lO in a similar fashion.
Specifically, the dialysate solution is introduced via tube 34 into one corner of the central hollow portion 10 and the solution flows and circulates about the fibres and then out tube 36. As the blood flows through the fibres 14 and the dialysate solution flows around the fibres, dialysis takes place and chemical wastes, electolytes and water in the blood pass through the walls of the fibres into the dialysate solution.
With the structure shown and described, gaskets of various thicknesses can be accommodated between plates 20 and 22 and thus the membrane or fibre wall area may be varied simply by substituting gaskets of different thicknesses having different numbers of fibres. In addition, the flat profile of the dialyzer cartridge facilitates ease of packing and shipping. It may be desirable to ship the gasket in a sterile membrane cover (to maintain the gasket in a sterilized condition), which could remain f-itted over the gasket when the gasket were positioned between the plates (provided appropriate holes were made in the membrane to allow introduction and exit of blood and dialysate solution). The cross ~ 682-6678 lOS99:24 members 4 and 6 securing the fibres 14 provide a rugged support for the fibres since the thickness of the cross members and thus the distance between points of support of the cross ~,embers by the plates 20 and 22 is relatively small. That is, there is little chance for deformation and fracturing of the cross members due to fluid pressures introduced into the dialyzer cartridge.
Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a dialyzer gasket and membrane structure. In this embodiment, two hollows or sections 40 and 42 are formed in one end of the gasket 2 with a central hollow portion 10 and an opposite end hollow portion 12 also formed in the gasket, as in the ~gs. 1 and 2 embodiment. Hollow fibres 14 extend across the central hollow portion 10 between the hollow section 40 and hollow portion 12 and between the portion 12 and hollow section 42. With this configuration, dialysate solution is introduced into the central hollow portion 14, through a section of tube 50 extending through the side wall of the gasket 2, and blood is introduced into the section 40, through a section of tube 52 extending through the end wall of the gasket, to flow through fibres 14 to the hollow portion 12 and then - through fibres 14 to the section 42. This provides a ~0599Z4 longer membrane pathway for the blood to travel through the dialysate solution, thereby facilitating greater exposure for the blood to the dialysis process. Of course, plates 20 and 22 would be provided with the gasket configuration of Fig. 3. In this case, no openings in the plates would be needed since the blood and dialysate solution is introduced into and removed from the cartridge through sections of tube extending through the walls of the gasket.
Claims (7)
1. A dialyzer cartridge comprising a gasket member defining a hollow, first and second cross members affixed in and extending between the side walls of the gasket member to divide the hollow into first, second and third portions, membrane means for carrying fluid, said membrane means extending across the second portion of the hollow between the cross members to provide a passageway for carrying fluid between the first and third portions of the hollow, sealing means for sealing the first and third portions from the second portion, means for introducing a first fluid into the first portion so that the first fluid is carried by the membrane means to the third portion, and means for introducing a second fluid into the second portion to flow about the exterior surface of the membrane means, said dialyzer cartridge further comprising divider means dividing the first portion of the hollow into first and second sections, means for introducing said first fluid into the first section, said first fluid being carried from the first section by the membrane means to the third portion of the hollow and then being carried by the membrane means to the second section, and means for receiving said second fluid from the second section.
2. A dialyzer cartridge according to claim 1 wherein said gasket member and cross members are constructed of resilient material.
3. A dialyzer cartridge according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said gasket member and cross members are composed of silicone rubber.
4. A dialyzer cartridge according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said gasket member and cross members are composed of polymethylmethacrylate.
5. A dialyzer cartridge according to claim 1, wherein said gasket member and cross members define a substantially planar profile and wherein said sealing means comprises a pair of plates for securing the gasket member therebetween.
6. A dialyzer cartridge according to claim 5, further comprising means for urging the two plates together to compress the gasket member therebetween.
7. A dialyzer cartridge according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said membrane means includes a plurality of hollow fibres the ends of which are embedded in respective cross members to extend from the first portion to the third portion of the hollow for carrying said first fluid there-between.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US45669574A | 1974-04-01 | 1974-04-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1059924A true CA1059924A (en) | 1979-08-07 |
Family
ID=23813784
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA223,331A Expired CA1059924A (en) | 1974-04-01 | 1975-03-27 | Dialyzer plate cartridge |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS50135898A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE827377A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1059924A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH592462A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2513491A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2265432B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1509072A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1034713B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7503439L (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2447196A1 (en) * | 1979-01-23 | 1980-08-22 | Sodip Sa | MEDICAL EXCHANGER-SEPARATOR WITH MEMBRANES |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH489259A (en) * | 1968-06-08 | 1970-04-30 | Dietzsch Gmbh Hans Joachim | Process for the production of capillary exchangers |
-
1975
- 1975-03-21 CH CH368775A patent/CH592462A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-03-25 GB GB12480/75A patent/GB1509072A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-03-25 SE SE7503439A patent/SE7503439L/xx unknown
- 1975-03-26 DE DE19752513491 patent/DE2513491A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-03-27 CA CA223,331A patent/CA1059924A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-03-28 BE BE154943A patent/BE827377A/en unknown
- 1975-03-28 FR FR7510011A patent/FR2265432B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1975-03-28 IT IT21837/75A patent/IT1034713B/en active
- 1975-03-31 JP JP50038092A patent/JPS50135898A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1034713B (en) | 1979-10-10 |
| CH592462A5 (en) | 1977-10-31 |
| JPS50135898A (en) | 1975-10-28 |
| BE827377A (en) | 1975-07-16 |
| GB1509072A (en) | 1978-04-26 |
| FR2265432B1 (en) | 1979-03-16 |
| DE2513491A1 (en) | 1975-10-02 |
| SE7503439L (en) | 1975-10-02 |
| FR2265432A1 (en) | 1975-10-24 |
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