CA1059577A - Protective edge for xerographic belt - Google Patents
Protective edge for xerographic beltInfo
- Publication number
- CA1059577A CA1059577A CA209,387A CA209387A CA1059577A CA 1059577 A CA1059577 A CA 1059577A CA 209387 A CA209387 A CA 209387A CA 1059577 A CA1059577 A CA 1059577A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- belt
- edge
- inch
- xerographic
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/10—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers
- G03G5/102—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers consisting of or comprising metals
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Belt Conveyors (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Disclosed is an improved xerographic belt. The belt comprises an endless, flexible, seamless sheet of a ductile metal having a photoconductive layer on the outer surface thereof with a protective coating of an adhesive polyester thermoplastic resin along one or both of its edges.
Disclosed is an improved xerographic belt. The belt comprises an endless, flexible, seamless sheet of a ductile metal having a photoconductive layer on the outer surface thereof with a protective coating of an adhesive polyester thermoplastic resin along one or both of its edges.
Description
~.~5~5'7~
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Xerographic drums of a conductive substrate such as aluminum with a layer of a photoconductive material such as vitreous or amorphous selenium on its surface have been in use for many years. More recently, the endless xerographic belt has come into use in xerographic duplicators due to its greater flexibility. Xerographic belts must be flexible and in addition must have a conductive band. These belts are preferably seamless.
Suitable belts generally are quite thin and have a surface with a high degree of smoothness due to the need for the production of high quality images on the image retention side of the belt.
A further requirement is that the belt have a relatively high tensile strength. Satisfactory belts can be prepared by electro-plating a ductile metal, e.g. stainless steel, brass, aluminum or nickel, onto a mandrel to form a thin, uniform layer of the metal. Removal of the metal layer from the mandrel provides the substrate upon which the photoconductive material can be deposited to form the xerographic belt.
The belts prepared by the above-described process are of necessity quite thin and have sharp edges. These edges present a possible safety hazard to those who must handle the belts durin~ the servicing which is periodically required. In order to solve this problem, the edge must be blunted in some manner.
Blunting of the belt edge has proven problematical due to the rigors the belt is subjected to during use. Since the belt revolves around rollers at very high speeds in operation, a great deal of flexing stress is encountered. In addition, the belt must pass a rigorous thermal cycle test and a cold shock test before being marketed in order to provide quality control ..
, , , .
lV~S77 in o~der to ensure its integrity during the loyi~tics of handling and storage under environmental extremes.
Various methods for blunting the belt's edge have been considered and tried. One such method involves the application of high strength plastic tape over the edge of the belt so that approximately 1/4 inch adheres to both the top and bottom along the belt edge. The problem with this method lies in the fact that the tape is not sufficiently flexible to pass over the rollers without bunching and wrinkling. In addition, the 1/4 inch width needed for adhesion is sufficiently wide so as to interfere with machine components. An alternative method involves rolling up the edge of the belt and flattening the rolled-up edge back down on the belt proper. This method offers more than the sought after personnel protection but suffers from the disadvantage of the bead cracking during the flexing the belt undergoes in use.
An alternative method is to apply a hot thermoplastic organic resin to the belt edge which upon hardening forms a protective coating along the edge. Thermoplastic adhesives are well-known in the art. These materials are usually hard and non-tacky at room temperature and are softened or melted by application of heat to bring them to a condition in which they will wet or stick to surfaces with which they are brought into contact. When contact is established, they are allowed to cool and harden to bond to the surface. Many the~moplastic resins are sufficiently flexible to withstand the flexing of the belt; however~ only a limited group of such resins which are insoluble in the c~eaning solutions used on the belt during operation will adhere to the helt during the aforementioned thermal cycle and cold shock tests.
~s~s 77 There exists a need for a system whereby the sharp edge of a xerographic belt can be blunted so as to reduce or eliminate the danger to personnel during handling of such a belt, and it is an object of the present invention to provide such a system.
A further object is to provide such a system in which the blunted edge does not crack or bunch up as the belt revolves around a set of rollers.
An additional object is to provide such a system in which the blunted edge comprises a protective coating of a thermoplastic resin around the sharp side of the belt which adheres to the belt during the thermal stress to which the belt is subjected during operation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is an improvement to an endless, flexible, smooth xerographic belt made up of a ductile metal having a photoconductive material on the outer surface thereof.
The improvement comprises a protective coating of an adhesive polyester thermoplastic resin along at least one edge of the belt.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The xerographic belt to which the edge protective material is applied can be made up of any ferrous or non-ferrous metal provided it has sufficient ductility and tensile strength to be useful for the purpose intended. In addition, the belt can be made of a laminate of a flexible non-metal with a metallic coating on its surface. Exemplary of metals from which the belt may be prepared are stainless steel, brass, copper, aluminum, iron and steel. Nickel is the preferred metal.
.
lUS9S77 The photoconductive material can consist of any substance which i5 useful as a photoconductor in xerographic copying. Homogeneous organic or inorganic photoconductors may be applied to the surface of the belt as well as the binder type photoreceptor described in U.S. Patent 3,121,006. Preferably, the photoconductive material is selenium or a selenium alloy deposited on the belt by vacuum deposition.
The thickness of the xerographic belt can vary widely since the only requirements are that it be sufficiently flexible to revolve about a system of rollers without cracking and that it have sufficient tensile strength to retain its physical integrity. A belt thickness of from 0.003 to 0.010 inch is preferred. Obviously, belts in this range of thickness will have extremely sharp edges.
The sharp edges are blunted by the application of a coating of an adhesive, thermoplastic, polyester resin so as to coat and overlap the belt edge. The thickness of the coating and degree of overlap are not critical provided sufficient overlap is provided to ensure a fast bond between the belt and the resin.
Preferably, the resin is applied in an amount sufficient to provide a coating having a thickness of from 0.005 to 0.05 inch and an overlap on both the top and bottom of the belt of from 0.020 to 0.125 inch.
The thermoplastic resin is applied to the belt edge by heating it to its softening point, applying the softened resin to the edge in the desired amount and location, and allowing the softened resin to set. One method of application is simply to dip the belt edge in a vessel of the softened resin to the desired depth. This method; however, suffers from a .
-l(~S9S77 disadvantage caused by flagging of the resin upon withdrawl of the belt. The trimming of the excess material requires an extra process step. A preferred method of application involves the use of a mechanical applicator which has an applicator "shoe"
or tool which accepts the molten resin and meters it onto the belt in a predetermined amount.
Suitable thermoplastic polyesters include linear polyesters such as the polyterphthalates of either ethylene glycol or 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) hexane; the polyadipates of ethylene, propylene or butylene glycols and the polyesters prepared by the esterification of an anhydride ~e. g., phthalic , anhydride or maleic anhydride) and a glycol; and polycarbonates of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane. In addition, network polyesters, both saturated and unsaturated, may be employed.
Exemplary of a saturated network polyester is the polymer prepared by the reaction of a trifunctional glycerol with difunctional phthalic anhydride with the optional addition of a monobasic acid or a long chain dibasic acid or glycol to produce a more flexible polymer. Unsaturated network polyesters, crosslinked by a vinyl copolymerization reaction between double bonds in the~
polyester chain and a vinyl monomer, are also useful. Examples of such polyesters include the copolyester of maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride crosslinked with styrene or a maleic anhydride-1-4-butanediol polyester, with or without an adipic acid coreactant, crosslinked with styrene.
A preferred class of polyesters comprises those crystallizable resinous linear copolyesters of linear glycol and dibasic acid components in which the dibasic acid component comprises a mixture of terephthalic and isophthalic acids in :. .. ,, . , :
~()5~S77 the range of mole ratios of from 12:1 to 1:1 and in which the copolyester preferably contains a major proportion of terephthalic acid and a minor proportion of isophthalic acid. The glycol has a formula of HO-~CH2 ~ 0H wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 10. Copolyesters of the glycols corresponding to the above formula, wherein n is an even number, are preferred and those glycols in which n is an even number of from 2 to 6 are especially useful.
These copolyesters possess the novel combination of physical properties to provide the desired physical action involved in the bonding process. A further desirable property of the bond is that the terephthalate-isophthalate copolyester, although a thermoplastic material, differs from most thermoplastic materials in that it is insoluble in the ordinary organic solvents such as ketones, esters, ethers and napthas as well as the chlorinated organic solvents such as methyl chloroform and 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Thus, the bond is unaffected by solvents which must periodically be used to clean the photoreceptive surface of the belt.
The following examples are given to aid in the understanding of the invention but it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to the particular times, temperatures, proportions, components or other details of the examples.
EXAMPLE I
-A thin, flexible, nontacky coil of a thermoplastic, linear, resinous copolyester of terephthalic acid and~isophthalic acids and 1,4-butanediol is advanced through a heating device which softens it by bringing it to a temperature of 475 F. The .~;
1.(~55~S77 softened resin is applied to the edge of a continuous, flexible, nicke~ ~elt, .0045 inch thick, approximately 16 1/2 inches wide and 65 inches in circumference having on its ~urface an alloy comprising greater than 99% selenium, less that l/2% arsenic and a few parts per million chlorine, at a rate of 1.62 inches per second. The resin is applied so as to form a bead width on the top of 0.10 inch and a width of 0.050 inch on the bottom.
The bead thickness is 0.023 inch on the top and 0.015 inch on the bottom.
EXAMPLE II
Xerographic belts prepared as described in Example I
are mounted on a tri-roller assembly which in operation rotates them at a rate of 20 inches per second. The belt and assembly is placed in a temperature controlled chamber in which the pressure is reduced to 3 inches H2O. The belts are rotated on the assembly for a total of 50,000 cycles at both 110+ 8F. and 55+ 8F. After testing, the belts are inspected. Inspection reveals no cracking in the protective edge coating. No separation of the protective edge from the xerographic belt is observed.
EXAMPLE III
Xerographic belts prepared as described in Example I
are stored in a freezer at -20+ 5F. for one hour and immediately taken to a hot room at 111+ 8F. for another hour. The thermal cycle is repeated three times. Upon inspection, the belt's protective edges are observed to have resisted cracking and to remain adherent to the belt.
EXAMPLE IV
Xerographic belts prepared as described in Example I
are taped to a standard box insert, boxed and stored in a freezer ." ,.. .
~OS9S77 at -20+ 5F. for two ho~rs. At the end of this period, the box is removed from the freezer and immediately dropped from a height of 42 inches in such a manner that the bottom strikes the floor. Inspection of the belts so tested indicates that the protective edge remains adherent to the belt.
~. ' ' .
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Xerographic drums of a conductive substrate such as aluminum with a layer of a photoconductive material such as vitreous or amorphous selenium on its surface have been in use for many years. More recently, the endless xerographic belt has come into use in xerographic duplicators due to its greater flexibility. Xerographic belts must be flexible and in addition must have a conductive band. These belts are preferably seamless.
Suitable belts generally are quite thin and have a surface with a high degree of smoothness due to the need for the production of high quality images on the image retention side of the belt.
A further requirement is that the belt have a relatively high tensile strength. Satisfactory belts can be prepared by electro-plating a ductile metal, e.g. stainless steel, brass, aluminum or nickel, onto a mandrel to form a thin, uniform layer of the metal. Removal of the metal layer from the mandrel provides the substrate upon which the photoconductive material can be deposited to form the xerographic belt.
The belts prepared by the above-described process are of necessity quite thin and have sharp edges. These edges present a possible safety hazard to those who must handle the belts durin~ the servicing which is periodically required. In order to solve this problem, the edge must be blunted in some manner.
Blunting of the belt edge has proven problematical due to the rigors the belt is subjected to during use. Since the belt revolves around rollers at very high speeds in operation, a great deal of flexing stress is encountered. In addition, the belt must pass a rigorous thermal cycle test and a cold shock test before being marketed in order to provide quality control ..
, , , .
lV~S77 in o~der to ensure its integrity during the loyi~tics of handling and storage under environmental extremes.
Various methods for blunting the belt's edge have been considered and tried. One such method involves the application of high strength plastic tape over the edge of the belt so that approximately 1/4 inch adheres to both the top and bottom along the belt edge. The problem with this method lies in the fact that the tape is not sufficiently flexible to pass over the rollers without bunching and wrinkling. In addition, the 1/4 inch width needed for adhesion is sufficiently wide so as to interfere with machine components. An alternative method involves rolling up the edge of the belt and flattening the rolled-up edge back down on the belt proper. This method offers more than the sought after personnel protection but suffers from the disadvantage of the bead cracking during the flexing the belt undergoes in use.
An alternative method is to apply a hot thermoplastic organic resin to the belt edge which upon hardening forms a protective coating along the edge. Thermoplastic adhesives are well-known in the art. These materials are usually hard and non-tacky at room temperature and are softened or melted by application of heat to bring them to a condition in which they will wet or stick to surfaces with which they are brought into contact. When contact is established, they are allowed to cool and harden to bond to the surface. Many the~moplastic resins are sufficiently flexible to withstand the flexing of the belt; however~ only a limited group of such resins which are insoluble in the c~eaning solutions used on the belt during operation will adhere to the helt during the aforementioned thermal cycle and cold shock tests.
~s~s 77 There exists a need for a system whereby the sharp edge of a xerographic belt can be blunted so as to reduce or eliminate the danger to personnel during handling of such a belt, and it is an object of the present invention to provide such a system.
A further object is to provide such a system in which the blunted edge does not crack or bunch up as the belt revolves around a set of rollers.
An additional object is to provide such a system in which the blunted edge comprises a protective coating of a thermoplastic resin around the sharp side of the belt which adheres to the belt during the thermal stress to which the belt is subjected during operation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is an improvement to an endless, flexible, smooth xerographic belt made up of a ductile metal having a photoconductive material on the outer surface thereof.
The improvement comprises a protective coating of an adhesive polyester thermoplastic resin along at least one edge of the belt.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The xerographic belt to which the edge protective material is applied can be made up of any ferrous or non-ferrous metal provided it has sufficient ductility and tensile strength to be useful for the purpose intended. In addition, the belt can be made of a laminate of a flexible non-metal with a metallic coating on its surface. Exemplary of metals from which the belt may be prepared are stainless steel, brass, copper, aluminum, iron and steel. Nickel is the preferred metal.
.
lUS9S77 The photoconductive material can consist of any substance which i5 useful as a photoconductor in xerographic copying. Homogeneous organic or inorganic photoconductors may be applied to the surface of the belt as well as the binder type photoreceptor described in U.S. Patent 3,121,006. Preferably, the photoconductive material is selenium or a selenium alloy deposited on the belt by vacuum deposition.
The thickness of the xerographic belt can vary widely since the only requirements are that it be sufficiently flexible to revolve about a system of rollers without cracking and that it have sufficient tensile strength to retain its physical integrity. A belt thickness of from 0.003 to 0.010 inch is preferred. Obviously, belts in this range of thickness will have extremely sharp edges.
The sharp edges are blunted by the application of a coating of an adhesive, thermoplastic, polyester resin so as to coat and overlap the belt edge. The thickness of the coating and degree of overlap are not critical provided sufficient overlap is provided to ensure a fast bond between the belt and the resin.
Preferably, the resin is applied in an amount sufficient to provide a coating having a thickness of from 0.005 to 0.05 inch and an overlap on both the top and bottom of the belt of from 0.020 to 0.125 inch.
The thermoplastic resin is applied to the belt edge by heating it to its softening point, applying the softened resin to the edge in the desired amount and location, and allowing the softened resin to set. One method of application is simply to dip the belt edge in a vessel of the softened resin to the desired depth. This method; however, suffers from a .
-l(~S9S77 disadvantage caused by flagging of the resin upon withdrawl of the belt. The trimming of the excess material requires an extra process step. A preferred method of application involves the use of a mechanical applicator which has an applicator "shoe"
or tool which accepts the molten resin and meters it onto the belt in a predetermined amount.
Suitable thermoplastic polyesters include linear polyesters such as the polyterphthalates of either ethylene glycol or 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) hexane; the polyadipates of ethylene, propylene or butylene glycols and the polyesters prepared by the esterification of an anhydride ~e. g., phthalic , anhydride or maleic anhydride) and a glycol; and polycarbonates of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane. In addition, network polyesters, both saturated and unsaturated, may be employed.
Exemplary of a saturated network polyester is the polymer prepared by the reaction of a trifunctional glycerol with difunctional phthalic anhydride with the optional addition of a monobasic acid or a long chain dibasic acid or glycol to produce a more flexible polymer. Unsaturated network polyesters, crosslinked by a vinyl copolymerization reaction between double bonds in the~
polyester chain and a vinyl monomer, are also useful. Examples of such polyesters include the copolyester of maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride crosslinked with styrene or a maleic anhydride-1-4-butanediol polyester, with or without an adipic acid coreactant, crosslinked with styrene.
A preferred class of polyesters comprises those crystallizable resinous linear copolyesters of linear glycol and dibasic acid components in which the dibasic acid component comprises a mixture of terephthalic and isophthalic acids in :. .. ,, . , :
~()5~S77 the range of mole ratios of from 12:1 to 1:1 and in which the copolyester preferably contains a major proportion of terephthalic acid and a minor proportion of isophthalic acid. The glycol has a formula of HO-~CH2 ~ 0H wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 10. Copolyesters of the glycols corresponding to the above formula, wherein n is an even number, are preferred and those glycols in which n is an even number of from 2 to 6 are especially useful.
These copolyesters possess the novel combination of physical properties to provide the desired physical action involved in the bonding process. A further desirable property of the bond is that the terephthalate-isophthalate copolyester, although a thermoplastic material, differs from most thermoplastic materials in that it is insoluble in the ordinary organic solvents such as ketones, esters, ethers and napthas as well as the chlorinated organic solvents such as methyl chloroform and 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Thus, the bond is unaffected by solvents which must periodically be used to clean the photoreceptive surface of the belt.
The following examples are given to aid in the understanding of the invention but it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to the particular times, temperatures, proportions, components or other details of the examples.
EXAMPLE I
-A thin, flexible, nontacky coil of a thermoplastic, linear, resinous copolyester of terephthalic acid and~isophthalic acids and 1,4-butanediol is advanced through a heating device which softens it by bringing it to a temperature of 475 F. The .~;
1.(~55~S77 softened resin is applied to the edge of a continuous, flexible, nicke~ ~elt, .0045 inch thick, approximately 16 1/2 inches wide and 65 inches in circumference having on its ~urface an alloy comprising greater than 99% selenium, less that l/2% arsenic and a few parts per million chlorine, at a rate of 1.62 inches per second. The resin is applied so as to form a bead width on the top of 0.10 inch and a width of 0.050 inch on the bottom.
The bead thickness is 0.023 inch on the top and 0.015 inch on the bottom.
EXAMPLE II
Xerographic belts prepared as described in Example I
are mounted on a tri-roller assembly which in operation rotates them at a rate of 20 inches per second. The belt and assembly is placed in a temperature controlled chamber in which the pressure is reduced to 3 inches H2O. The belts are rotated on the assembly for a total of 50,000 cycles at both 110+ 8F. and 55+ 8F. After testing, the belts are inspected. Inspection reveals no cracking in the protective edge coating. No separation of the protective edge from the xerographic belt is observed.
EXAMPLE III
Xerographic belts prepared as described in Example I
are stored in a freezer at -20+ 5F. for one hour and immediately taken to a hot room at 111+ 8F. for another hour. The thermal cycle is repeated three times. Upon inspection, the belt's protective edges are observed to have resisted cracking and to remain adherent to the belt.
EXAMPLE IV
Xerographic belts prepared as described in Example I
are taped to a standard box insert, boxed and stored in a freezer ." ,.. .
~OS9S77 at -20+ 5F. for two ho~rs. At the end of this period, the box is removed from the freezer and immediately dropped from a height of 42 inches in such a manner that the bottom strikes the floor. Inspection of the belts so tested indicates that the protective edge remains adherent to the belt.
~. ' ' .
Claims (9)
1. In combination with an endless, flexible, smooth xerographic belt comprising a ductile metal having a photoconduc-tive material on the outer surface thereof, the improvement which comprises a protective coating of an adhesive, thermoplastic, polyester resin which is the reaction product of a mixture of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and a linear glycol along and overlapping at least one edge of said belt.
2. The belt of Claim 1 wherein the metal is stainless steel, brass, copper, aluminum, iron or steel.
3. The belt of Claim 1 wherein the metal is nickel.
4. The belt of Claim 1 wherein the photoconductive material is selenium or a selenium alloy.
5. The belt of Claim 1 wherein it has a thickness of from 0.003 to 0.010 inch.
6. The belt of Claim 1 wherein the coating has a thickness of from 0.005 to 0.05 inch and an overlap on the top and bottom of from 0.020 to 0.125 inch.
7. The belt of Claim 1 wherein the glycol corresponds to the formula where n is an integer from 2 to 10.
8. The belt of Claim 7 wherein the range of mole ratios of terephathalic acid to isophthalic acid is from 12:1 to 1:1.
9. The belt of Claim 7 wherein the glycol is 1,4-butanediol.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US42853873A | 1973-12-26 | 1973-12-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1059577A true CA1059577A (en) | 1979-07-31 |
Family
ID=23699312
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA209,387A Expired CA1059577A (en) | 1973-12-26 | 1974-09-17 | Protective edge for xerographic belt |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1059577A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1473207A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7414691A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU527029B2 (en) * | 1978-12-26 | 1983-02-10 | Coulter Systems Corporation | Printing plate for lithography |
-
1974
- 1974-09-17 CA CA209,387A patent/CA1059577A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-10-07 GB GB4339874A patent/GB1473207A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-11 NL NL7414691A patent/NL7414691A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1473207A (en) | 1977-05-11 |
| NL7414691A (en) | 1975-01-31 |
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