CA1059575A - Duplex fusing apparatus and method - Google Patents
Duplex fusing apparatus and methodInfo
- Publication number
- CA1059575A CA1059575A CA236,590A CA236590A CA1059575A CA 1059575 A CA1059575 A CA 1059575A CA 236590 A CA236590 A CA 236590A CA 1059575 A CA1059575 A CA 1059575A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- support material
- flash
- lamp
- along
- flexible support
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 as for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
- G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
- G03G15/2007—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using radiant heat, e.g. infrared lamps, microwave heaters
- G03G15/201—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using radiant heat, e.g. infrared lamps, microwave heaters of high intensity and short duration, i.e. flash fusing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/20—Details of the fixing device or porcess
- G03G2215/207—Type of toner image to be fixed
- G03G2215/2083—Type of toner image to be fixed duplex
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Abstract
IMPROVED DUPLEX FUSING APPARATUS AND METHOD
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An improved flash fusing apparatus for fusing toner images onto flexible support material. First and second elongated flash lamps are closely paced and a flexible support web bearing loose toner images on both sides is advanced along a predetermined cylindrical path encircling each of the flash lamps along its longitudinal axis exposing each side of the web to flash radiation from the lamps.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An improved flash fusing apparatus for fusing toner images onto flexible support material. First and second elongated flash lamps are closely paced and a flexible support web bearing loose toner images on both sides is advanced along a predetermined cylindrical path encircling each of the flash lamps along its longitudinal axis exposing each side of the web to flash radiation from the lamps.
Description
1.()5~S~'S
The invention relates generally to flash fusing and in particular to a method and apparatus for fusing toner images onto flexible support materials. More specifically, this invention relates to a xerographic flash fusing apparatus and methods for rapidly and efficiently producing uniform duplex image fixing on each side of support material.
In the xerographic process, a plate, generally comprising a conductive backing upon which is placed a photoconductive insulating surface, is uniformly charged and the photoconductive surface then exposed to a light image of an original to be reproduced. The photoconductive surface is caused to become conductive under the influence of the light image so as to selectively dissipate the electrostatic charge found thereon to produce what is developed by means of a variety of pigmented resin materials specifically made for this purpose which are known in the xerographic art as "toners". The toner material is electrostatically attracted to the latent image areas on the plate in proportion to the charge concentration found thereon. Areas of high charge concentration become areas of high toner density while correspondingly low charge image areas become proportionally less dense. The developed image is transferred to a final support material, typically paper, and fixed thereto to form a permanent record or copy of the original.
3' 2S Many forms of image fixing techniques are known in 3 the prior art, the most prevalent of which are vapor fixing, heat fixing, pressure fixing or a combination thereof as described in U.S. Patent No. 3,539,161. Each of these :
techniques, by itself or in combination suffer from deficiencies ,~, `` 30 which make their use impractical or difficult for specific :
~ -2-:
.: .: . --, , ,, :
: ~ ' ~.()5~i75 xerographic applications. In general, it has been difficult to construct an entire~y satisfactory heat fuser having a short warm-up time, high efficiency, and ease of control. A
further problem associated with heat fusers has been their tendency to burn or scorch the support material. Pressure fixing methods, whether hot or cold have created problems with image offsetting, resolution degradation and producing consistently a good class of fix. On the other hand, vapor fixing, which typically employs a toxic solvent has proven commercially unfeasible because of the health hazard involved.
Equipment to sufficiently isolate the fuser from the surrounding ambient air must by its very nature be complex and costly.
With the advent of new materials and new xerographic processing techniques, it is now feasible to construct auto-matic xerographic reproducing apparatus capabLe of producing copy at an extremely rapid rate. Radiant flash fusing is one practical method of image fixing that will lend itself readily to use in a high speed automatic process as described in U.S. Patent 3,529,129. The main advantage of the flash fuser over the other known methods is that the energy, which ~ is propagated in the form of electromagnetic waves, is ; instantaneously available and requires no intervening medium for its propagation. As can be seen, such apparatus does not require long warm-up periods nor does the energy have to be transferred through a relatively slow conductive or convective heat transfer mechanism.
- Although an extremely rapid transfer of energy ~.
between the source and the receiving body is afforded by the flash fusing process, a major problem with flash fusing :
as applied to the xerographic fixing art, has been designing : , .
- . -~ ,.:
l~)S~S'7S
apparatus which can fully and efficiently utilize a preponder-ance of the radiant energy emitted by the source during the xelatively short flash period. The toner image typically con-stitutes a relatively small percentage of the total area of the copy receiving the radiant energy. Because of the properties of most copy materials, as for example, paper, most of the energy incident thereon is wasted by being transmitted through the copy or by being reflected away from the fusing area.
Another disadvantage associated with the prior art flash fusing 10 apparatus has heretofore been the non-uniformity of image fixing produced. This phenomena is primarily due to the fact that it is difficult to produce highly uniform irradiance on a large receiving surface as for example a sheet of paper, from a relatively small source such as a flash lamp. This ; problem is further heightened in the case of duplex images on both sides of the paper.
j While considerable effort has been expended in pro-7 viding schemes for enhancing the efficiency and uniformity of fix of electrographic flash fusing systems, most efforts have .
20 been directed toward the provision of specially contoured re-~- flecting surfaces which are designed to at least partially surround the flash lamp and thereby conserve energy via multiple reflections as set forth in U.S. Patent 3,529,129.
In addition to being costly to fabricate, such reflecting surfaces tend to become contaminated by loose toner particles and thereby necessitate frequent cleaning operations.
In accordance with one aspect of this invention there is provided an improved flash fusing apparatus for fusing toner , images onto both sides of a flexible support material comprising:
'~ 30 a first elongated flash lamp, a second elongated flash lamp positioned adjacent to said first lamp, and means for advancing .
::
,, ~ 0~575 said flexible supp~rt material bearing loose toner images along a predetermined path substantially encircling each of said first and second flash lamps along their longitudinal axis in a manner to expose one side of said flexible support material to radiant energy from said first elongated flash lamp and the opposite side of said flexible support to radiant energy from said second elongated flash lamp to thereby fuse the toner images to said sides.
In accordance with another aspect of this invention there is provided a method for flash fusing loose toner images onto flexible support material on both sides thereof to produce duplex copies comprising the steps of advancing a web of support material bearing loose toner images on both sides there-of along a predetermined path which encircles a first flash lamp alony its longitudinal axis energizing the flash lamp to efect uniform radiation to be received on all points of the support material to fuse the image particles on one side thereof and then ad~ancing support material past a second flash lamp positioned adjacent said first lamp and arranged on the opposite side of the web path and encircling said second lamp along its longitudinal axis and flashing the second lamp to effect uniform radiation to ~e received on the support material to fuse image toner particles on the second side thereof.
For a better understanding of the invention reference ~ . .
is had to the following description wherein the Figure is a side view of a web of support material bearing xerographic toner images on each side thereof for fusing according to the present invantion.
Referring now to the Figure in accordance with the - 30 present invention, loose image toner particles 10 and 11 de-posited onto a flexible support web 12 at developer stations .
, : ' :
~05~57~
14 and 15 respectively, are fused simultaneously. Web 12 is transported about the axes of elongated sources of radiant energy in the form of flash lamps 16 and 18. The web is advanced along the curved path of a guide track 20 by a driven , ~, .
., .
.
,~'1 ..: .
.
- 5a '" .
. :
.. .
;~ ',' . ' ' . : ' . . ' , roller 22 which is rotated in a direction indicated by the arrow. It will be appreciated that images 10 and 11 are moved along a circular path in each fusing zone such that the toner images are untouched and continuously face toward the center of curvature of the path where flash fusing lamps 16 and 18 are situated. It will be further appreciated that each of the flash fusing lamp fusing zones has a configuration which is circular or cylindrical such that uniform irradiance is insured to all points on the cylindrical surface from the par-ticularflash lamp positioned along the central axis thereof.
.
'`' ., .
_ 5(a) -~:`
, - ;
'" ' :, .. . . .
~.'3S7~
In this manner, it is not necessary to fuse the images onto a support material in piece meal fashion by energizing the lamp a number of times as different portions of the toner images are transported past the flash lamp.
S Flash lamps 16 and 18 are energized at prede~ermined intervals by a suitable control circuit. After simultaneous fusing of the images onto the web, the web can be cut into sheets and stacked by any suitable device.
It has been found that a Xenon flash lamp operating at power levels between 800 and 1200 Joules produces very good toner fusion. Pulse durations between 0.25 and 1.5 milli-seconds were found to provide acceptable fusing with pulses between 0.5 and 1.2 milliseconds giving better fusing results.
It has also been found that longer pulses of energy are re-quired as the power level increases.
; The efficiency of the duplex fusing system of the above-described invention can reduce the power required to fuse ordinary simplex copies by as much as 50 percent. It is believed that this is because of the unique configuration ~ 20 of the path through which the copy web is advanced past the `` flash fusing lamps. It will be further appreciated that the improved flash fusing system will provide improved efficiency ` even where images are on a single side of the web material.
While there have been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the device illustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.
;
The invention relates generally to flash fusing and in particular to a method and apparatus for fusing toner images onto flexible support materials. More specifically, this invention relates to a xerographic flash fusing apparatus and methods for rapidly and efficiently producing uniform duplex image fixing on each side of support material.
In the xerographic process, a plate, generally comprising a conductive backing upon which is placed a photoconductive insulating surface, is uniformly charged and the photoconductive surface then exposed to a light image of an original to be reproduced. The photoconductive surface is caused to become conductive under the influence of the light image so as to selectively dissipate the electrostatic charge found thereon to produce what is developed by means of a variety of pigmented resin materials specifically made for this purpose which are known in the xerographic art as "toners". The toner material is electrostatically attracted to the latent image areas on the plate in proportion to the charge concentration found thereon. Areas of high charge concentration become areas of high toner density while correspondingly low charge image areas become proportionally less dense. The developed image is transferred to a final support material, typically paper, and fixed thereto to form a permanent record or copy of the original.
3' 2S Many forms of image fixing techniques are known in 3 the prior art, the most prevalent of which are vapor fixing, heat fixing, pressure fixing or a combination thereof as described in U.S. Patent No. 3,539,161. Each of these :
techniques, by itself or in combination suffer from deficiencies ,~, `` 30 which make their use impractical or difficult for specific :
~ -2-:
.: .: . --, , ,, :
: ~ ' ~.()5~i75 xerographic applications. In general, it has been difficult to construct an entire~y satisfactory heat fuser having a short warm-up time, high efficiency, and ease of control. A
further problem associated with heat fusers has been their tendency to burn or scorch the support material. Pressure fixing methods, whether hot or cold have created problems with image offsetting, resolution degradation and producing consistently a good class of fix. On the other hand, vapor fixing, which typically employs a toxic solvent has proven commercially unfeasible because of the health hazard involved.
Equipment to sufficiently isolate the fuser from the surrounding ambient air must by its very nature be complex and costly.
With the advent of new materials and new xerographic processing techniques, it is now feasible to construct auto-matic xerographic reproducing apparatus capabLe of producing copy at an extremely rapid rate. Radiant flash fusing is one practical method of image fixing that will lend itself readily to use in a high speed automatic process as described in U.S. Patent 3,529,129. The main advantage of the flash fuser over the other known methods is that the energy, which ~ is propagated in the form of electromagnetic waves, is ; instantaneously available and requires no intervening medium for its propagation. As can be seen, such apparatus does not require long warm-up periods nor does the energy have to be transferred through a relatively slow conductive or convective heat transfer mechanism.
- Although an extremely rapid transfer of energy ~.
between the source and the receiving body is afforded by the flash fusing process, a major problem with flash fusing :
as applied to the xerographic fixing art, has been designing : , .
- . -~ ,.:
l~)S~S'7S
apparatus which can fully and efficiently utilize a preponder-ance of the radiant energy emitted by the source during the xelatively short flash period. The toner image typically con-stitutes a relatively small percentage of the total area of the copy receiving the radiant energy. Because of the properties of most copy materials, as for example, paper, most of the energy incident thereon is wasted by being transmitted through the copy or by being reflected away from the fusing area.
Another disadvantage associated with the prior art flash fusing 10 apparatus has heretofore been the non-uniformity of image fixing produced. This phenomena is primarily due to the fact that it is difficult to produce highly uniform irradiance on a large receiving surface as for example a sheet of paper, from a relatively small source such as a flash lamp. This ; problem is further heightened in the case of duplex images on both sides of the paper.
j While considerable effort has been expended in pro-7 viding schemes for enhancing the efficiency and uniformity of fix of electrographic flash fusing systems, most efforts have .
20 been directed toward the provision of specially contoured re-~- flecting surfaces which are designed to at least partially surround the flash lamp and thereby conserve energy via multiple reflections as set forth in U.S. Patent 3,529,129.
In addition to being costly to fabricate, such reflecting surfaces tend to become contaminated by loose toner particles and thereby necessitate frequent cleaning operations.
In accordance with one aspect of this invention there is provided an improved flash fusing apparatus for fusing toner , images onto both sides of a flexible support material comprising:
'~ 30 a first elongated flash lamp, a second elongated flash lamp positioned adjacent to said first lamp, and means for advancing .
::
,, ~ 0~575 said flexible supp~rt material bearing loose toner images along a predetermined path substantially encircling each of said first and second flash lamps along their longitudinal axis in a manner to expose one side of said flexible support material to radiant energy from said first elongated flash lamp and the opposite side of said flexible support to radiant energy from said second elongated flash lamp to thereby fuse the toner images to said sides.
In accordance with another aspect of this invention there is provided a method for flash fusing loose toner images onto flexible support material on both sides thereof to produce duplex copies comprising the steps of advancing a web of support material bearing loose toner images on both sides there-of along a predetermined path which encircles a first flash lamp alony its longitudinal axis energizing the flash lamp to efect uniform radiation to be received on all points of the support material to fuse the image particles on one side thereof and then ad~ancing support material past a second flash lamp positioned adjacent said first lamp and arranged on the opposite side of the web path and encircling said second lamp along its longitudinal axis and flashing the second lamp to effect uniform radiation to ~e received on the support material to fuse image toner particles on the second side thereof.
For a better understanding of the invention reference ~ . .
is had to the following description wherein the Figure is a side view of a web of support material bearing xerographic toner images on each side thereof for fusing according to the present invantion.
Referring now to the Figure in accordance with the - 30 present invention, loose image toner particles 10 and 11 de-posited onto a flexible support web 12 at developer stations .
, : ' :
~05~57~
14 and 15 respectively, are fused simultaneously. Web 12 is transported about the axes of elongated sources of radiant energy in the form of flash lamps 16 and 18. The web is advanced along the curved path of a guide track 20 by a driven , ~, .
., .
.
,~'1 ..: .
.
- 5a '" .
. :
.. .
;~ ',' . ' ' . : ' . . ' , roller 22 which is rotated in a direction indicated by the arrow. It will be appreciated that images 10 and 11 are moved along a circular path in each fusing zone such that the toner images are untouched and continuously face toward the center of curvature of the path where flash fusing lamps 16 and 18 are situated. It will be further appreciated that each of the flash fusing lamp fusing zones has a configuration which is circular or cylindrical such that uniform irradiance is insured to all points on the cylindrical surface from the par-ticularflash lamp positioned along the central axis thereof.
.
'`' ., .
_ 5(a) -~:`
, - ;
'" ' :, .. . . .
~.'3S7~
In this manner, it is not necessary to fuse the images onto a support material in piece meal fashion by energizing the lamp a number of times as different portions of the toner images are transported past the flash lamp.
S Flash lamps 16 and 18 are energized at prede~ermined intervals by a suitable control circuit. After simultaneous fusing of the images onto the web, the web can be cut into sheets and stacked by any suitable device.
It has been found that a Xenon flash lamp operating at power levels between 800 and 1200 Joules produces very good toner fusion. Pulse durations between 0.25 and 1.5 milli-seconds were found to provide acceptable fusing with pulses between 0.5 and 1.2 milliseconds giving better fusing results.
It has also been found that longer pulses of energy are re-quired as the power level increases.
; The efficiency of the duplex fusing system of the above-described invention can reduce the power required to fuse ordinary simplex copies by as much as 50 percent. It is believed that this is because of the unique configuration ~ 20 of the path through which the copy web is advanced past the `` flash fusing lamps. It will be further appreciated that the improved flash fusing system will provide improved efficiency ` even where images are on a single side of the web material.
While there have been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the device illustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.
;
Claims (4)
1. An improved flash fusing apparatus for fusing toner images onto both sides of a flexible support material comprising:
a first elongated flash lamp, a second elongated flash lamp positioned adjacent to said first lamp, and means for advancing said flexible support material bearing loose toner images along a predetermined path sub-stantially encircling each of said first and second flash lamps along their longitudinal axis in a manner to expose one side of said flexible support material to radiant energy from said first elongated flash lamp and the opposite side of said flexible support to radiant energy from said second elongated flash lamp to thereby fuse the toner images to said sides.
a first elongated flash lamp, a second elongated flash lamp positioned adjacent to said first lamp, and means for advancing said flexible support material bearing loose toner images along a predetermined path sub-stantially encircling each of said first and second flash lamps along their longitudinal axis in a manner to expose one side of said flexible support material to radiant energy from said first elongated flash lamp and the opposite side of said flexible support to radiant energy from said second elongated flash lamp to thereby fuse the toner images to said sides.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said flexible support material is in the form of a web.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said advancing means comprises track means for guiding the web along its pre-determined path.
4. A method for flash fusing loose toner images onto flexible support material on both sides thereof to produce duplex copies comprising the steps of advancing a web of support material bearing loose toner images on both sides thereof along a predetermined path which encircles a first flash lamp along its longitudinal axis energizing the flash lamp to effect uniform radiation to be received on all points of the support material to fuse the image particles on one side thereof and then advancing support material past a second flash lamp positioned adjacent said first lamp and arranged on the opposite side of the web path and encircling said second lamp along its longitudinal axis and flashing the second lamp to effect uniform radiation to be received on the support material to fuse the image toner particles on the second side thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US516058A US3920952A (en) | 1974-10-18 | 1974-10-18 | Duplex fusing apparatus and method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1059575A true CA1059575A (en) | 1979-07-31 |
Family
ID=24053955
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA236,590A Expired CA1059575A (en) | 1974-10-18 | 1975-09-29 | Duplex fusing apparatus and method |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3920952A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5165633A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1059575A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2544637A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2311339A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1526738A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7511622A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58153977A (en) * | 1982-03-09 | 1983-09-13 | Ushio Inc | Flash fixation device |
| JPS6296667U (en) * | 1985-12-06 | 1987-06-19 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE558347A (en) * | 1956-06-14 | |||
| US3445626A (en) * | 1966-05-02 | 1969-05-20 | Xerox Corp | Fusing apparatus with flashlamp circuit |
| US3464680A (en) * | 1966-12-30 | 1969-09-02 | Konishiroku Photo Ind | Heating apparatus for sheet-like material |
-
1974
- 1974-10-18 US US516058A patent/US3920952A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-09-29 CA CA236,590A patent/CA1059575A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-02 GB GB40332/75A patent/GB1526738A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-02 NL NL7511622A patent/NL7511622A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-10-06 DE DE19752544637 patent/DE2544637A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-10-13 JP JP50123166A patent/JPS5165633A/en active Pending
- 1975-10-16 FR FR7531649A patent/FR2311339A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL7511622A (en) | 1976-04-21 |
| DE2544637A1 (en) | 1976-04-22 |
| JPS5165633A (en) | 1976-06-07 |
| FR2311339A1 (en) | 1976-12-10 |
| US3920952A (en) | 1975-11-18 |
| GB1526738A (en) | 1978-09-27 |
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