CA1057632A - Cleaning composition for aluminum containing phosphates - Google Patents
Cleaning composition for aluminum containing phosphatesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1057632A CA1057632A CA248,139A CA248139A CA1057632A CA 1057632 A CA1057632 A CA 1057632A CA 248139 A CA248139 A CA 248139A CA 1057632 A CA1057632 A CA 1057632A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- cleaning bath
- bath
- surfactant
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
- G03G5/144—Inert intermediate layers comprising inorganic material
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A cleaning bath and use thereof for removing oxides from aluminum or other similar oxide-forming metal surfaces, wherein the composition, as applied, contains (a) at least one component providing carbonate ions, (b) at least one poly-phosphate component and (c) at least one surfactant.
A cleaning bath and use thereof for removing oxides from aluminum or other similar oxide-forming metal surfaces, wherein the composition, as applied, contains (a) at least one component providing carbonate ions, (b) at least one poly-phosphate component and (c) at least one surfactant.
Description
~QS~7~32 - _C G~OUND
A number of different metal cleaners are known to the art for cleaniny and proces~ing aluminum and other alloys.
Such materials are usually based primarily on sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate. Such cl~aners, however, suffer from the disadvantage of being very sensitive to a lower pH range, exposure of aluminum thereto causes instability and a short lived cleaning bath. A high pH, on the ~ other hand, favors a sometimes undesirable strong etching effect.
.. ~ .
This is particularly true as it later becomes difficult to lay down a uniform intermediate blocking layer. Control of the pH
is further complicated in the use of cleaning compositions by the fact that additives such as detergents and corrosion inhibitors such as arsenic and antimoney salts can also create environmental or toxicological problems.
It is an object of an aspect of the present invention to easily and cheaply clean metal surfaces without over-etching ;:"
- and to remove spontaneously formed oxides therefrom.
; It is an object of an aspect of the present inventi3n ;~
. . .
to obtain an environmentally safe partly decomposible cleaning composition or bath capable of removing both porous and non-` porous oxide layers from metal surfaces such as aluminum, .. -j - ', aluminum alloys or aluminum coated alloys so that a controlled ~; electronically useful oxide barrier layer can be subsequently : -., generated thereon and durable adhexent photoconductive coats -successfully applied thereto as desired.
` THE INVEN~ION - ~-.. , ..
In accordance with one aspect of this invention there is provided a method for cleaning and removing oxide layers -~
... , ; , from aluminum or alumunum alloy surfaces comprising contacting the oxide-coated metal surface with a cleaning .. :,, :
A number of different metal cleaners are known to the art for cleaniny and proces~ing aluminum and other alloys.
Such materials are usually based primarily on sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate. Such cl~aners, however, suffer from the disadvantage of being very sensitive to a lower pH range, exposure of aluminum thereto causes instability and a short lived cleaning bath. A high pH, on the ~ other hand, favors a sometimes undesirable strong etching effect.
.. ~ .
This is particularly true as it later becomes difficult to lay down a uniform intermediate blocking layer. Control of the pH
is further complicated in the use of cleaning compositions by the fact that additives such as detergents and corrosion inhibitors such as arsenic and antimoney salts can also create environmental or toxicological problems.
It is an object of an aspect of the present invention to easily and cheaply clean metal surfaces without over-etching ;:"
- and to remove spontaneously formed oxides therefrom.
; It is an object of an aspect of the present inventi3n ;~
. . .
to obtain an environmentally safe partly decomposible cleaning composition or bath capable of removing both porous and non-` porous oxide layers from metal surfaces such as aluminum, .. -j - ', aluminum alloys or aluminum coated alloys so that a controlled ~; electronically useful oxide barrier layer can be subsequently : -., generated thereon and durable adhexent photoconductive coats -successfully applied thereto as desired.
` THE INVEN~ION - ~-.. , ..
In accordance with one aspect of this invention there is provided a method for cleaning and removing oxide layers -~
... , ; , from aluminum or alumunum alloy surfaces comprising contacting the oxide-coated metal surface with a cleaning .. :,, :
- 2 -. ,, ~
'-.. ~:"~
10~i763'~
bath at a temperature up to about 90C. for a period o not less than about 1/2 minute, and thereafter washing the treated metal surface, said cleaning bath comprising about 0.5% - 15% by weight of at least one component providing carbonate ions, about 0.5% - 15~ by weight of at least one polyphosphate component, and up to about 0~ - 1% by weight of at least one surfactant, the balance of the bath compris~
~ ing water or an alcohol solution, said carbonate ion ; providing component being at least one member selected from 10 the group consisting of an alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonate, an ammonium carbonate, corresponding hydrate salts thereof and mixed salts thereof, and the polyphosphate component being one or more of an alkali metal polyphosphate.
Active metal cleaning baths within the present invention preferably include, for instance, a total of about .5~-15% by weight and preferably 1-5% of carbonate ion-providing component(s) such as at least one alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, corresponding 20 hydrate salts thereof, and mixed salts thereof. Especially favored are corresponding sodium or potassium salts comprising a total of about 1-3% by weight of the cleaning bath. Such can include, for instance, about 1~ by weight sodium bicarbonater ~:, about 1-2~ by weight sodium carbonate.
The polyphosphate component can include a total of about 1-5% by weight and preferably 1-3% by weight of one or more alkali metal polyphosphate components inclusive of corresponding hydrates and mixed salts thereof. Most preferred, for this purpose, is about 1-3% by weight of one or more of 30 sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPD), sodium hexametaphosphate also corresponding higher phosphate salts and hydrates thereof. ~-B - 3 ~
..
~()5763'~
In addition, cleanlng baths within the present invention also optionally contain at least one surfactant component such as an organic sodium sulfate or a branched chain alcohol. Suitable materials are obtainable commercially from chemical suppliers and include, for instance, tertiary acetylenic glycols such as those ~sold under the trade marks "Tergitol 08"*, "Surfynol 82"**, also substances sold under the trade marks "Aerosol GPG", and "Aerosol OT"***, etc. in amounts up to about 1% by weight.
lQ The cleaning bath, as above described, can be use-fully maintained within a p~ range of about 7-11 (preferably pH 8-10) by buffering where needed and will remain stable for long periods at temperatures up to about 90 C.
Option~lly, the best method for cleaning and remov~
ing oxide layers from oxide-forminy metal surfaces such as ; aluminum comprises contacting the metal surface with a suit-able cleaning bath as above described at a temperature up to about 90 C. for a period of not less than about one-half min-. .
ute, followed by rinsing and drying of the treated surface. -It is recognized, however, that the period and method of , exposure to the bath, the bath temperature, exposure time, et~., can be usefully varied, depending upon what constitutes ,:
an acceptable amount of metal etching, and depending upon the thickness and exact type of oxide layer to be removed, etc.
Generally speaking, however, relatively thin meta~ plates or .~.
, *Union Carbide Chemicals -~
**Air Products and Chemicals Inrorporated ***American Cyanamid Co. ~ ~
` '`: ~-d~
~4~
~ S7632 drums of aluminum; aluminum alloys with copper, manganeser magnas ium, chromium, etc., such as Alcoa (trade mark) Alloys ANSl**** #6061, 1100, 1175, 2014, 3003; 1175 over 1100; other aluminum clad alloys; bra~s or even ~;
, .~ :
1;
.,. ~
: .:
::
, ,; '-, ~' , ~
,'7 ~ : '`: ` ~ '' ~ '''' ' ' ',;' ~ ' ****American ~ationai Standard Aluminum Alloy Designation :j :
-4a-: ~ ~
... . ~ i 1~)5763~
nickel ~for cleaning purpos~s3 can be successfully bath treated at about 60-9QC. for a period of not ~ess than about one-half minute and usually not more than (although not limited to) about five min~tes. When so treated~ the ; desired objects are achieved with a minimal etching ef~ect~
Where aluminum containing metal surfaces are being c~eaned, a bath temperature of about 75C.-85C. and immersion for a period o about 1-3 minute~ are particularly preferred.
This invention is further demonstrated although o not limited, ~y the following examples, EX~MPLE I
Five 2" x 6" stain-free aluminum test strips of about 80 mil thickness are degreased with trichloroethylene.
~he strips are then separately dipped into a 1 percent , i . .
~S equimolar sodium carbonate/sodium phosphate bath, water - rinsed and then air dried and aged in an oven for about 1/2 -hour at 200OC, ihen immersea in boiling deionized water for 60 minutes to obtain a thick external coating (about 100 ~) ;
! ' , i ~
~ of undesixed porous hydrated aluminum oxide on each strip.
~he dried test strips, identified as T-l throu~h T-5, are then initially tested and observed wit~ respec~ to surface wettability~ light reflectivity (i.eO relative etching , effect) and with respect to the area and thickness of the $ oxide coating. The tes~ samp}es are, thereafter, individually dipped into cleaning Bath A identified below, the dip time ~
; and bath tcmperature being varied. ~hc test strips are then - ~ -~ rinsed twice with d~ionized water, air dried, and then -reobser~ed and retested as beforo to do~ermine the amount ~i of oxide remo~7al, wettability chan~es and etching effect - 30 o~ the bath. The results are reported in Tablc I b~low.
.. . . . :
;; ' , ' , ~5~
.. . ~ .
~05~632 ~ or test purposes in each case th~ xel~tive wettability is best determined by exposing each strip at room temperature to a stream of deionized water and observing the drainage patterns on the strip surface. The etching ; effect of the bath is obtained by detennining percent loss ; in reflectivity. The later determination is vbtained in routine manner with an Edward's Modulated Beam Photometer Mo~el MBP2B. Direct observation of the amount of oxide ; layer i5 effected by the routine use of Transmission Electron Microscopy techniques using a P~ilips EM 200 model. A
convenient alternative method for obtaining an average oxide thickness, howe~er, is by routine voltage breakdown determinations.
' . BATH A
!',. 50 g. sesquicarbonate of soda (~A2C03 ~aHC03 o 2H20), 50 g. sodium tripolyphosphate, 10 gO '!Tergitol 08"* with~ .
deionized water to 1 liter volume.
l ' ~ , .
.1 ' :
... . . .
.
, '' J . ~; :
' :' ~ :~ ' ~A ssdium salt of mono(2-ethyl-hexyl) sulfatc obtained from ~:Union Carbidc Chemicals Divi.s~on ' ' ., . . ~
' ' ~
1057~3Z - .
Oxidf~**
Sample Elath TempDip Time Wettability* Reflectivity Removal C.(Minutes) (Before and After) (Observed) Tl 90 1 Pass 7 ~x .
T2 90 1/2 Pass 8~
~1?3 80 3 Pass 87 ' EX
T~ 75 1 Pass 85 EX
T5 70 5 Pas s 86 .
i *Pass = sur~ace film observed . .
** P = poor (less than 49% oxide removed) :. F = fair ( 50%~74% oxide removed) i G = good ( 7 5%~84% oxide removed) - . :.
, tl ' VG = very yood (85%-9~% oxide removed) :
I EX = excellent (95/O-all oxide re~oved) -~:
EX~MPLE I I
Five ~" x 6" stain ree aluminum test strips ~ identified as T6-T10 of the same type and composition '20 . used in Example I are degreased, pretreated and observed :~
i as before, then dipped into Bath B as hereinafter described, :.,. ~ .
~ and ~hen washed, dried and tested in ~he same manner as :', Example I. The results are reported in Table ~I below.
' ' '' ~,,';:~
.,'1 . `':
., , o7 . ;~ ~
,: ,' ~5~;3Z
BAT~l B
30 g~ sesquicarbonate of soda~
30 g. tetrasodium pyrophosphate, 10 g. "Tergitol 08" surfactant, and deionized water to 1 liter volume.
' ~ . ' Oxiae** ' R~fle~tivityRemoval Sampl~ Bath Temp Dip Time Wettability* (~efore and After) (O~.~erved~
C. (Minutes) :~ T6 90 1 Pass 85 Ex ~7 9~ 1~2 Pass 85 EX
~', , ' ' :
T8 80 1 Pass 84 Ex .
~ 83 `~ T9 70 2 Pass ~6 Ex 81.
': :
T10 60 2 Pass : 25 EX
4 ~;
:' :
., ~i *Pass - surface film observed ~ail - no filming observed ~:
:,~ ** P = poor (less than 49% oxide removed) 'l F - fair (50~0-74% oxide removed) I G - good (75/'-84% oxide removed) VG a very good (85%~94% oxide removed) ,- EX = excellent (950/a-all oxide removed) EXAMPLE III ~:
; Six 2" x 6" s~ain free test strips identified as Tll-T16 consisting of an ~lcoa aluminum alloy ANSl 1175 having essentially the same dimensions as the strips used in ~ -~ Examples I and II are degrcased, obserYed dipping into ~.
., ! , :30 cleaning Bath C (s~e below) and ther~after washed, air dried .. . .. . ..
, .. . .
.,: . , . ~ .
; .' '~8 ~, ~ , . . . .
... . .
. .,,. . . . ..... . , . , . , ,, . ,,., -, . ....... .. -. .... , - .. . .
~i763Z
and retested as in Example I. The r~sults are reported in Table III below.
BAq~I C
~ 5 g. sodium bicarbon~te, : 5 g. sodium carbonate, 10 g. sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3010), 2.5 g. "Tergitol 08'~, ` 2.5 gO "Surfanol 82" plus deionized water to 1 liter volume. ~
. :, Oxide**
R~fle~tivity Removal.
Sample Bath Temp Dip Time Wettability* (sefore and A~ter) (Observed) . C. (Minutes3 ,~
Tll 90 1 ~ass 84 EX -~
.j . . , , :,, , T12. 90 1/2 Pass 85 Ex. ;:~
: . . .
T13 80 1~ Pass 87 ~x T14 BO 3 IPass 84 Ex T15 70 4 Pass 84 ~G .
`, ~16 ~0 5 Pass 84 VG `~
,~ ~ ,. .
,l *Pass = surface film observed .~ Fail = no filming observed ., . ~
. ' I ** P = poor ( less than 49% oxide removed) ~:
.' . F - fair (50,'~,-74% oxide removed) : ~ ;
G = good (75e~o~84~ oxide removed~ .
l :YG = very ~ood ~85h-94% oxi~e removed) ,., EX 8 e*cellent (95,'-aIl oxide removed) -. ", , ~
' . ~ ~
:; 9 ~ -, . , ::
, t`` ''' . ,, ~ ' ,' ` . ` ,' `' ' '' ' ,' ` .. ' " ' ' '
'-.. ~:"~
10~i763'~
bath at a temperature up to about 90C. for a period o not less than about 1/2 minute, and thereafter washing the treated metal surface, said cleaning bath comprising about 0.5% - 15% by weight of at least one component providing carbonate ions, about 0.5% - 15~ by weight of at least one polyphosphate component, and up to about 0~ - 1% by weight of at least one surfactant, the balance of the bath compris~
~ ing water or an alcohol solution, said carbonate ion ; providing component being at least one member selected from 10 the group consisting of an alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonate, an ammonium carbonate, corresponding hydrate salts thereof and mixed salts thereof, and the polyphosphate component being one or more of an alkali metal polyphosphate.
Active metal cleaning baths within the present invention preferably include, for instance, a total of about .5~-15% by weight and preferably 1-5% of carbonate ion-providing component(s) such as at least one alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, corresponding 20 hydrate salts thereof, and mixed salts thereof. Especially favored are corresponding sodium or potassium salts comprising a total of about 1-3% by weight of the cleaning bath. Such can include, for instance, about 1~ by weight sodium bicarbonater ~:, about 1-2~ by weight sodium carbonate.
The polyphosphate component can include a total of about 1-5% by weight and preferably 1-3% by weight of one or more alkali metal polyphosphate components inclusive of corresponding hydrates and mixed salts thereof. Most preferred, for this purpose, is about 1-3% by weight of one or more of 30 sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPD), sodium hexametaphosphate also corresponding higher phosphate salts and hydrates thereof. ~-B - 3 ~
..
~()5763'~
In addition, cleanlng baths within the present invention also optionally contain at least one surfactant component such as an organic sodium sulfate or a branched chain alcohol. Suitable materials are obtainable commercially from chemical suppliers and include, for instance, tertiary acetylenic glycols such as those ~sold under the trade marks "Tergitol 08"*, "Surfynol 82"**, also substances sold under the trade marks "Aerosol GPG", and "Aerosol OT"***, etc. in amounts up to about 1% by weight.
lQ The cleaning bath, as above described, can be use-fully maintained within a p~ range of about 7-11 (preferably pH 8-10) by buffering where needed and will remain stable for long periods at temperatures up to about 90 C.
Option~lly, the best method for cleaning and remov~
ing oxide layers from oxide-forminy metal surfaces such as ; aluminum comprises contacting the metal surface with a suit-able cleaning bath as above described at a temperature up to about 90 C. for a period of not less than about one-half min-. .
ute, followed by rinsing and drying of the treated surface. -It is recognized, however, that the period and method of , exposure to the bath, the bath temperature, exposure time, et~., can be usefully varied, depending upon what constitutes ,:
an acceptable amount of metal etching, and depending upon the thickness and exact type of oxide layer to be removed, etc.
Generally speaking, however, relatively thin meta~ plates or .~.
, *Union Carbide Chemicals -~
**Air Products and Chemicals Inrorporated ***American Cyanamid Co. ~ ~
` '`: ~-d~
~4~
~ S7632 drums of aluminum; aluminum alloys with copper, manganeser magnas ium, chromium, etc., such as Alcoa (trade mark) Alloys ANSl**** #6061, 1100, 1175, 2014, 3003; 1175 over 1100; other aluminum clad alloys; bra~s or even ~;
, .~ :
1;
.,. ~
: .:
::
, ,; '-, ~' , ~
,'7 ~ : '`: ` ~ '' ~ '''' ' ' ',;' ~ ' ****American ~ationai Standard Aluminum Alloy Designation :j :
-4a-: ~ ~
... . ~ i 1~)5763~
nickel ~for cleaning purpos~s3 can be successfully bath treated at about 60-9QC. for a period of not ~ess than about one-half minute and usually not more than (although not limited to) about five min~tes. When so treated~ the ; desired objects are achieved with a minimal etching ef~ect~
Where aluminum containing metal surfaces are being c~eaned, a bath temperature of about 75C.-85C. and immersion for a period o about 1-3 minute~ are particularly preferred.
This invention is further demonstrated although o not limited, ~y the following examples, EX~MPLE I
Five 2" x 6" stain-free aluminum test strips of about 80 mil thickness are degreased with trichloroethylene.
~he strips are then separately dipped into a 1 percent , i . .
~S equimolar sodium carbonate/sodium phosphate bath, water - rinsed and then air dried and aged in an oven for about 1/2 -hour at 200OC, ihen immersea in boiling deionized water for 60 minutes to obtain a thick external coating (about 100 ~) ;
! ' , i ~
~ of undesixed porous hydrated aluminum oxide on each strip.
~he dried test strips, identified as T-l throu~h T-5, are then initially tested and observed wit~ respec~ to surface wettability~ light reflectivity (i.eO relative etching , effect) and with respect to the area and thickness of the $ oxide coating. The tes~ samp}es are, thereafter, individually dipped into cleaning Bath A identified below, the dip time ~
; and bath tcmperature being varied. ~hc test strips are then - ~ -~ rinsed twice with d~ionized water, air dried, and then -reobser~ed and retested as beforo to do~ermine the amount ~i of oxide remo~7al, wettability chan~es and etching effect - 30 o~ the bath. The results are reported in Tablc I b~low.
.. . . . :
;; ' , ' , ~5~
.. . ~ .
~05~632 ~ or test purposes in each case th~ xel~tive wettability is best determined by exposing each strip at room temperature to a stream of deionized water and observing the drainage patterns on the strip surface. The etching ; effect of the bath is obtained by detennining percent loss ; in reflectivity. The later determination is vbtained in routine manner with an Edward's Modulated Beam Photometer Mo~el MBP2B. Direct observation of the amount of oxide ; layer i5 effected by the routine use of Transmission Electron Microscopy techniques using a P~ilips EM 200 model. A
convenient alternative method for obtaining an average oxide thickness, howe~er, is by routine voltage breakdown determinations.
' . BATH A
!',. 50 g. sesquicarbonate of soda (~A2C03 ~aHC03 o 2H20), 50 g. sodium tripolyphosphate, 10 gO '!Tergitol 08"* with~ .
deionized water to 1 liter volume.
l ' ~ , .
.1 ' :
... . . .
.
, '' J . ~; :
' :' ~ :~ ' ~A ssdium salt of mono(2-ethyl-hexyl) sulfatc obtained from ~:Union Carbidc Chemicals Divi.s~on ' ' ., . . ~
' ' ~
1057~3Z - .
Oxidf~**
Sample Elath TempDip Time Wettability* Reflectivity Removal C.(Minutes) (Before and After) (Observed) Tl 90 1 Pass 7 ~x .
T2 90 1/2 Pass 8~
~1?3 80 3 Pass 87 ' EX
T~ 75 1 Pass 85 EX
T5 70 5 Pas s 86 .
i *Pass = sur~ace film observed . .
** P = poor (less than 49% oxide removed) :. F = fair ( 50%~74% oxide removed) i G = good ( 7 5%~84% oxide removed) - . :.
, tl ' VG = very yood (85%-9~% oxide removed) :
I EX = excellent (95/O-all oxide re~oved) -~:
EX~MPLE I I
Five ~" x 6" stain ree aluminum test strips ~ identified as T6-T10 of the same type and composition '20 . used in Example I are degreased, pretreated and observed :~
i as before, then dipped into Bath B as hereinafter described, :.,. ~ .
~ and ~hen washed, dried and tested in ~he same manner as :', Example I. The results are reported in Table ~I below.
' ' '' ~,,';:~
.,'1 . `':
., , o7 . ;~ ~
,: ,' ~5~;3Z
BAT~l B
30 g~ sesquicarbonate of soda~
30 g. tetrasodium pyrophosphate, 10 g. "Tergitol 08" surfactant, and deionized water to 1 liter volume.
' ~ . ' Oxiae** ' R~fle~tivityRemoval Sampl~ Bath Temp Dip Time Wettability* (~efore and After) (O~.~erved~
C. (Minutes) :~ T6 90 1 Pass 85 Ex ~7 9~ 1~2 Pass 85 EX
~', , ' ' :
T8 80 1 Pass 84 Ex .
~ 83 `~ T9 70 2 Pass ~6 Ex 81.
': :
T10 60 2 Pass : 25 EX
4 ~;
:' :
., ~i *Pass - surface film observed ~ail - no filming observed ~:
:,~ ** P = poor (less than 49% oxide removed) 'l F - fair (50~0-74% oxide removed) I G - good (75/'-84% oxide removed) VG a very good (85%~94% oxide removed) ,- EX = excellent (950/a-all oxide removed) EXAMPLE III ~:
; Six 2" x 6" s~ain free test strips identified as Tll-T16 consisting of an ~lcoa aluminum alloy ANSl 1175 having essentially the same dimensions as the strips used in ~ -~ Examples I and II are degrcased, obserYed dipping into ~.
., ! , :30 cleaning Bath C (s~e below) and ther~after washed, air dried .. . .. . ..
, .. . .
.,: . , . ~ .
; .' '~8 ~, ~ , . . . .
... . .
. .,,. . . . ..... . , . , . , ,, . ,,., -, . ....... .. -. .... , - .. . .
~i763Z
and retested as in Example I. The r~sults are reported in Table III below.
BAq~I C
~ 5 g. sodium bicarbon~te, : 5 g. sodium carbonate, 10 g. sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3010), 2.5 g. "Tergitol 08'~, ` 2.5 gO "Surfanol 82" plus deionized water to 1 liter volume. ~
. :, Oxide**
R~fle~tivity Removal.
Sample Bath Temp Dip Time Wettability* (sefore and A~ter) (Observed) . C. (Minutes3 ,~
Tll 90 1 ~ass 84 EX -~
.j . . , , :,, , T12. 90 1/2 Pass 85 Ex. ;:~
: . . .
T13 80 1~ Pass 87 ~x T14 BO 3 IPass 84 Ex T15 70 4 Pass 84 ~G .
`, ~16 ~0 5 Pass 84 VG `~
,~ ~ ,. .
,l *Pass = surface film observed .~ Fail = no filming observed ., . ~
. ' I ** P = poor ( less than 49% oxide removed) ~:
.' . F - fair (50,'~,-74% oxide removed) : ~ ;
G = good (75e~o~84~ oxide removed~ .
l :YG = very ~ood ~85h-94% oxi~e removed) ,., EX 8 e*cellent (95,'-aIl oxide removed) -. ", , ~
' . ~ ~
:; 9 ~ -, . , ::
, t`` ''' . ,, ~ ' ,' ` . ` ,' `' ' '' ' ,' ` .. ' " ' ' '
Claims (7)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method for cleaning and removing oxide layers from aluminum or aluminum alloy surfaces comprising contacting the oxide-coated metal surface with a cleaning bath at a temperature up to about 90°C. for a period of not less than about 1/2 minute, and thereafter washing the treated metal surface, said cleaning bath comprising about 0.5% - 15% by weight of at least one component providing carbonate ions, about 0.5% - 15% by weight of at least one polyphosphate component, and up to about 0% - 1% by weight of at least one surfactant, the balance of the bath compris-ing water or an alcohol solution, said carbonate ion providing component being at least one member selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonate, an ammonium carbonate, corresponding hydrate salts thereof and mixed salts thereof, and the polyphosphate component being one or more of an alkali metal polyphosphate.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein contact with the cleaning bath is effected for about 1 - 5 minutes at a temperature of about 60°C. - 90°C.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein contact with the cleaning bath is effected for about 1 - 3 minutes at a temperature of about 75°C. - 85°C.
4. The method of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein in said cleaning bath there is about 1% - 3% by weight of an alkali metal carbonate ion providing component, about 1% - 3% by weight of an alkali metal polyphosphate component and up to about 1% by weight of at least one surfactant.
5. The method of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein in said cleaning bath there is about 1% by weight NaHCO3, about 1% - 2% by weight of Na2CO3, about 1% - 3%
by weight sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate or sodium hexametaphosphate and up to about 1% by weight of a surfactant.
by weight sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate or sodium hexametaphosphate and up to about 1% by weight of a surfactant.
6. The method of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein in said cleaning bath there is about 3% by weight of sesquicarbonate of soda, about 3% by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate or tetrasodium pyrophosphate and up to about 1% by weight of a surfactant.
7. The method of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein in said cleaning bath there is about 3% by weight of (NH4)2CO3, about 3% by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate or tetrasodium phosphate, and up to about 1% by weight of a surfactant.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US57070075A | 1975-04-23 | 1975-04-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1057632A true CA1057632A (en) | 1979-07-03 |
Family
ID=24280701
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA248,139A Expired CA1057632A (en) | 1975-04-23 | 1976-03-16 | Cleaning composition for aluminum containing phosphates |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1057632A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1545890A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4479832A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1984-10-30 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Method of producing light absorptive surface on aluminum zinc alloy coated product |
| BR8305575A (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1985-02-20 | Huntington Alloys | PROCESS TO REMOVE GLASS LUBRICANT FROM AN EXTRUDED; PROCESS TO EXTRUDE LUBRICATED BILLS WITH GLASS |
| DE69228496T2 (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1999-09-09 | Canon K.K. | Electrophotographic photosensitive member and process for its manufacture |
-
1976
- 1976-03-16 CA CA248,139A patent/CA1057632A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-04-14 GB GB1524076A patent/GB1545890A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1545890A (en) | 1979-05-16 |
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