CA1055887A - Apparatus for sealing mechanical connection at bipolar barrier sheet - Google Patents
Apparatus for sealing mechanical connection at bipolar barrier sheetInfo
- Publication number
- CA1055887A CA1055887A CA207,630A CA207630A CA1055887A CA 1055887 A CA1055887 A CA 1055887A CA 207630 A CA207630 A CA 207630A CA 1055887 A CA1055887 A CA 1055887A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- cathode
- anode
- rod
- barrier sheet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE: .
In a filter press cell for the electrolytic production of chlorine from aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions and having adjacent pairs of anodes and cathodes mechanically and electrically interconnected, a system is provided for connecting the foregoing electrodes while sealing out the electrolyte from the passageway through which the connection passes. The system includes a valve metal flange completely embedded in a barrier sheet disposed between the anode and the cathode. To this flange, a metal rod is attached of which the ends protrude from the faces of the barrier sheet and are connected to the anode and the cathode.
In a filter press cell for the electrolytic production of chlorine from aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions and having adjacent pairs of anodes and cathodes mechanically and electrically interconnected, a system is provided for connecting the foregoing electrodes while sealing out the electrolyte from the passageway through which the connection passes. The system includes a valve metal flange completely embedded in a barrier sheet disposed between the anode and the cathode. To this flange, a metal rod is attached of which the ends protrude from the faces of the barrier sheet and are connected to the anode and the cathode.
Description
~L~)5S~7 BACKGROUND
(1) Field of the Invention This invention relates to electrolytic cells and particularly to electrolytic cells adapted for the production of chlorine and caustic, the cells being commonly known in the art as filter press variants of the diaphragm-type cells. A new system is provided for joining the adjacent cathode and anode through the common cell wall of two adjacent cells or barrier sheet while sealing out electrolyte through the connection passageway.
(1) Field of the Invention This invention relates to electrolytic cells and particularly to electrolytic cells adapted for the production of chlorine and caustic, the cells being commonly known in the art as filter press variants of the diaphragm-type cells. A new system is provided for joining the adjacent cathode and anode through the common cell wall of two adjacent cells or barrier sheet while sealing out electrolyte through the connection passageway.
(2) Description of the Prior Art For many years, as shown by the textbook, Chlorine, ACS Monograph 154, J. S. Sconce, editor, Reinhold Publishing Company, New York, N. Y., 1962, a diaphragm-type cell has been commonly used in the production of chlorine and caustic from aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions. The filter press variant of diaphragm cells is becoming of more consequence to chlorine manufacturers. However, satisfactory electrical connection between the individual cell units, which are both compact and leakproof,continue to be sought.
In some cells the external wiring from one individual cell to another ls objectionable. In other cells, see for instance U. S. Patent ~,242,059, expensive titanium metal fabricated parts are used as both an individual celI divider -and transfer electrical connection. In order to achieve satisfactory compactness and econ~my in a filter press cell arrangement, an efficient leakproof electrical connection which will permit the utilization of a plastic barrier is - desired.
.
. .
, .
'' ' . , .
. . .
:` 10551~7 SUMMARY OF TIIE I~JVENTION
In accordance with this invention there is provided, in a bipolar electrolytic filter press cell for the production of chlorine from aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions wherein the metal anode and metal cathode of adjoin.ing cells ~` are in di~rect electrical connection with each other and said anode and cathode are maintained in spaced relationship by an electrically inactive cell wall or barrier sheet between them, the improvement wherein proper electrical and mechanical con-nections between the anode and cathode of adjacent cells are independently maintained while electrolyte and gas flow through ~ :
.~ the cell barrier joint between said anode and cathode is prevented, said improvement residing in that:
(1) said barrier sheet is molded around at least one valve metal connector rod having a valve metal circumferential restraining flange attached thereto and positioned substantially equidistant from each end of said rod, said flange being substantially equidistant from and substantially :~, 20 parallel to both faces of said barrier sheet so ~ that both ends of said rod are exposed to an electrolyte and removed from and above the face o said barrier sheet, and (2) one end of said.rod has attached thereto a metal . anode and other end of said rod has attached . . .
thereto a ferrous metal cap, to which cap a metal ~.
cathode is attached, whereby an electrical and mechanical connection is . made between the adjacent cells without danger of connector rod slippage or electrolyte leakage around said rod.
.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Fig. 1 is a cutaway of the improvecl bipolar electrode _ 2 --: - . . . . .
~355~87 joint and seal taken at the middle of and along -the length of the connector rod joining the anode and cathode together. Fig. 2 is an e~ploded view of parts comprising the apparatus of Fig. 1 prior to the molding of said parts into the apparatus of Fig. 1.
. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFE`RRED EMBODIME~IT
In this invention as shown in Fig. 1, a typical bipolar electrolytic cell for the manufacture of chlorine and caustic is equipped with a metal anocle 30, a plastic barrier sheet 10 or cell wall, which is electrically non-conductive and chemically inert when the cell is in operation, between adjacent cells of the filter press and the metal cathode 26 of the adjacent cell. Electrical and mechanical connection and support between anode 30 and cathode 26 is provided by a valve metal con-nector rod assembly 16 including circumferential valve metal flange 20 attached substantially equally distant from each end of the connector rod 18 and equidistant from each face of, and . ~
, parallel to each face of, the barrier sheet 10. For con-, venience the connector rod 18 can have thread engaging means, e.g., threaded, so that the cathode attaching cap 28 can be~
;` 20 attached in a mechanical connection to connector rod 18 by , thread engaging means although the cap can be . ~. ,~ .
' , .
- .;
: :, , ::' ,, '. -... :.. ... . .. . . .. .. . . . .. . . ... ... . ..... .
~ . ~L05581~
` attached by other permanent means~ e.g., welding. The cathode 26 which is typically made o:E a Eerrous metal, e.g., iron or steel, is mounted, e.g , by welding it to the cathode attaching cap 28 after the cap is installed.
The anode 30 which typically is made of a valve metal is . . .
directly attached, e.g., welded7 to the connector rod 18. `~
To those of ordinary skill in the cell cons ruction and operation art, it will be readily apparent that greater alignment of cathode 26 and anode 30 as well as improved . . .
electrical current distribution can be obtained by the use of two or more, three being a suitable number, connector rods 16 per barrier sheet 10 depending upon the size of the cell.
FIG. 2 in exploded view shows the various parts , of the invented apparatus prior to molding into a unit.
Connector rod assembly 16 consists of a connector rod 18 to which a circumferential flange 20 is welded 22 substan-tially equidistant from each end of connector rod 18.
.~, ..
-~ Barrier sheet 10 consists of two half-sheets 12, 14 of the ,. . . . . .
same thickness, each having an aperture 15 substantially ?
of size to receive connector rod 18. One sheet 12, 14 is placed on each side of the connector rod assembly 16. So as to insure sufficient thermoplastic material to seal the connector rod assembly 16, a thermoplastic sleeve (for ~, the connector rod)24 is fitted over each end of the ~i connector rod 18 while insuring that after molding the ends of connector 18 will remain exposed. Conventional . means of loading and operating the mold are employed in fabricating the barrier sheet with the electrical and ;, ~0 mechanical connector of this invention.
. -~ , .
.. .` .
.
~o~58s7 Al-ternatively, the inven-tion as shown in FIG. 1 can be prepared in a one-s-tep molding method wherein, by -the use of unmolded loose particle thermoplastic material, the separate molding of half` shee-ts 12, 14 are avoided. In this method the rod assembly 16 as requirecl is appropriately positioned in the mold, the mold closed, heated to molding temperature, charged with the loose particle thermoplastic material and then molded in the conventional manner. The choice of method by which to manufacture products of this invention depends on factors beyond the scope of this invention. Among these factors are labor supply, molding and materials handling equipment available, and the particular molding charac-teristics of the thermoplastic mater:Lal being utili~ed. Ei-ther method can produce satis-factory products of this invention.
The barrier sheet 10, or combined barrier sheet 10, and frame (not shown) is constructed of a chemically inert and electrically non-conducting thermoplastic material such as polyolefin derived from an olefin containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms including polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-butene-l and mixtures thereof; polytetrafluoroethylene, poly-vinylidene fluoride polymers and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymers. The properties of these polymers are i~mproved by adding inert, nonconducting yet reinforcing ?
.'' 1 :-~ fillers such as asbestos or glass fibers, mica, kaolin or :::
i carbon black. An exemplary composition for use in this in-. . .
: vention is an asbestos filled polypropylene composition, e.g, .' RS disclosed in British Patent 1,246,034.
Both the anode 30 and cathode 26 can be either a ~ solid metal sheet, a woven wire arrangement or an expanded -~ metal mesh as desired, the configuration of the electrodes being beyond the scope of the present inven-tion.
~ _5 :
. ;. .~ :: ::: .
~LQ558!37 ~:
~`By valve me-tals it is meant metals of tungsten, ti~
::tanium, zirconium, tantulum and niobium. Preferably, -titanium !j :
'''''`` ~
' ~, :
', ' ` ' , ',"
,' "~``~ ' ' ' ',' ' J
'',',i, ~
;, ,1 :
''', ; ' ::!
', ~.' . '',,":
' i:. :
,,.,; ::
:" ~: ~
.::. . ::
,:; . :
, "~
... .
, ~ :
; ., : :
: , :
~ 5a-,,, :
1~5~i8~37 or tantulum is employed and it is normally a commercially pure grade such a9 electroly-tic grade. Al:loys of valve metals can be employcd as long as the alloy meets -the criterlon of pas~i-vity, metal alloys which become passlvated when po:larized ano-dically can remain passive well beyond the anodic potential needed to convert a chloride iOIl -to chlorine. The phenomenon of passivity in -this connection is discussed in an article by Greene appearing in the April 1962 issue of Corrosion, pages 136-t to 142-t, wherein reference may be made -to FIG. 1 of the article which describes typical active-passive transi-tion of a metal towards a corrosive medium. Titanium alloys of alu-minum, vanadium, palladium, chromium or tin can be employed in which the latter me-tals are present as less than 10 percent of the alloy.
It is also w~ll Icnown to coat thc c~lode ~() with at least one platinum group metal or metal compound, e.g., oxides, to enhance its utility. ~he platinum group metals include pla-tin~n, ruthenium, 03mium, rhodium, iridium and palladium and alloys of two or more of the foregoing metals. Many means for applying and the formulations of platinum group me-tals and compounds for these coatings are known, for instance, see U.S.
Patents 3,632,498; 3,630,768; 3,616,4~6; 3,2~2,059; and 3,177, 131.
; Many other modifications and ramifications will na-turally suggest themselves to those skilled in the art based ~ .
on this disclosure. These ramifications and modifications are intended to be comprehended as within the scope of this ~i invention.
.
,
In some cells the external wiring from one individual cell to another ls objectionable. In other cells, see for instance U. S. Patent ~,242,059, expensive titanium metal fabricated parts are used as both an individual celI divider -and transfer electrical connection. In order to achieve satisfactory compactness and econ~my in a filter press cell arrangement, an efficient leakproof electrical connection which will permit the utilization of a plastic barrier is - desired.
.
. .
, .
'' ' . , .
. . .
:` 10551~7 SUMMARY OF TIIE I~JVENTION
In accordance with this invention there is provided, in a bipolar electrolytic filter press cell for the production of chlorine from aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions wherein the metal anode and metal cathode of adjoin.ing cells ~` are in di~rect electrical connection with each other and said anode and cathode are maintained in spaced relationship by an electrically inactive cell wall or barrier sheet between them, the improvement wherein proper electrical and mechanical con-nections between the anode and cathode of adjacent cells are independently maintained while electrolyte and gas flow through ~ :
.~ the cell barrier joint between said anode and cathode is prevented, said improvement residing in that:
(1) said barrier sheet is molded around at least one valve metal connector rod having a valve metal circumferential restraining flange attached thereto and positioned substantially equidistant from each end of said rod, said flange being substantially equidistant from and substantially :~, 20 parallel to both faces of said barrier sheet so ~ that both ends of said rod are exposed to an electrolyte and removed from and above the face o said barrier sheet, and (2) one end of said.rod has attached thereto a metal . anode and other end of said rod has attached . . .
thereto a ferrous metal cap, to which cap a metal ~.
cathode is attached, whereby an electrical and mechanical connection is . made between the adjacent cells without danger of connector rod slippage or electrolyte leakage around said rod.
.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Fig. 1 is a cutaway of the improvecl bipolar electrode _ 2 --: - . . . . .
~355~87 joint and seal taken at the middle of and along -the length of the connector rod joining the anode and cathode together. Fig. 2 is an e~ploded view of parts comprising the apparatus of Fig. 1 prior to the molding of said parts into the apparatus of Fig. 1.
. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFE`RRED EMBODIME~IT
In this invention as shown in Fig. 1, a typical bipolar electrolytic cell for the manufacture of chlorine and caustic is equipped with a metal anocle 30, a plastic barrier sheet 10 or cell wall, which is electrically non-conductive and chemically inert when the cell is in operation, between adjacent cells of the filter press and the metal cathode 26 of the adjacent cell. Electrical and mechanical connection and support between anode 30 and cathode 26 is provided by a valve metal con-nector rod assembly 16 including circumferential valve metal flange 20 attached substantially equally distant from each end of the connector rod 18 and equidistant from each face of, and . ~
, parallel to each face of, the barrier sheet 10. For con-, venience the connector rod 18 can have thread engaging means, e.g., threaded, so that the cathode attaching cap 28 can be~
;` 20 attached in a mechanical connection to connector rod 18 by , thread engaging means although the cap can be . ~. ,~ .
' , .
- .;
: :, , ::' ,, '. -... :.. ... . .. . . .. .. . . . .. . . ... ... . ..... .
~ . ~L05581~
` attached by other permanent means~ e.g., welding. The cathode 26 which is typically made o:E a Eerrous metal, e.g., iron or steel, is mounted, e.g , by welding it to the cathode attaching cap 28 after the cap is installed.
The anode 30 which typically is made of a valve metal is . . .
directly attached, e.g., welded7 to the connector rod 18. `~
To those of ordinary skill in the cell cons ruction and operation art, it will be readily apparent that greater alignment of cathode 26 and anode 30 as well as improved . . .
electrical current distribution can be obtained by the use of two or more, three being a suitable number, connector rods 16 per barrier sheet 10 depending upon the size of the cell.
FIG. 2 in exploded view shows the various parts , of the invented apparatus prior to molding into a unit.
Connector rod assembly 16 consists of a connector rod 18 to which a circumferential flange 20 is welded 22 substan-tially equidistant from each end of connector rod 18.
.~, ..
-~ Barrier sheet 10 consists of two half-sheets 12, 14 of the ,. . . . . .
same thickness, each having an aperture 15 substantially ?
of size to receive connector rod 18. One sheet 12, 14 is placed on each side of the connector rod assembly 16. So as to insure sufficient thermoplastic material to seal the connector rod assembly 16, a thermoplastic sleeve (for ~, the connector rod)24 is fitted over each end of the ~i connector rod 18 while insuring that after molding the ends of connector 18 will remain exposed. Conventional . means of loading and operating the mold are employed in fabricating the barrier sheet with the electrical and ;, ~0 mechanical connector of this invention.
. -~ , .
.. .` .
.
~o~58s7 Al-ternatively, the inven-tion as shown in FIG. 1 can be prepared in a one-s-tep molding method wherein, by -the use of unmolded loose particle thermoplastic material, the separate molding of half` shee-ts 12, 14 are avoided. In this method the rod assembly 16 as requirecl is appropriately positioned in the mold, the mold closed, heated to molding temperature, charged with the loose particle thermoplastic material and then molded in the conventional manner. The choice of method by which to manufacture products of this invention depends on factors beyond the scope of this invention. Among these factors are labor supply, molding and materials handling equipment available, and the particular molding charac-teristics of the thermoplastic mater:Lal being utili~ed. Ei-ther method can produce satis-factory products of this invention.
The barrier sheet 10, or combined barrier sheet 10, and frame (not shown) is constructed of a chemically inert and electrically non-conducting thermoplastic material such as polyolefin derived from an olefin containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms including polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-butene-l and mixtures thereof; polytetrafluoroethylene, poly-vinylidene fluoride polymers and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymers. The properties of these polymers are i~mproved by adding inert, nonconducting yet reinforcing ?
.'' 1 :-~ fillers such as asbestos or glass fibers, mica, kaolin or :::
i carbon black. An exemplary composition for use in this in-. . .
: vention is an asbestos filled polypropylene composition, e.g, .' RS disclosed in British Patent 1,246,034.
Both the anode 30 and cathode 26 can be either a ~ solid metal sheet, a woven wire arrangement or an expanded -~ metal mesh as desired, the configuration of the electrodes being beyond the scope of the present inven-tion.
~ _5 :
. ;. .~ :: ::: .
~LQ558!37 ~:
~`By valve me-tals it is meant metals of tungsten, ti~
::tanium, zirconium, tantulum and niobium. Preferably, -titanium !j :
'''''`` ~
' ~, :
', ' ` ' , ',"
,' "~``~ ' ' ' ',' ' J
'',',i, ~
;, ,1 :
''', ; ' ::!
', ~.' . '',,":
' i:. :
,,.,; ::
:" ~: ~
.::. . ::
,:; . :
, "~
... .
, ~ :
; ., : :
: , :
~ 5a-,,, :
1~5~i8~37 or tantulum is employed and it is normally a commercially pure grade such a9 electroly-tic grade. Al:loys of valve metals can be employcd as long as the alloy meets -the criterlon of pas~i-vity, metal alloys which become passlvated when po:larized ano-dically can remain passive well beyond the anodic potential needed to convert a chloride iOIl -to chlorine. The phenomenon of passivity in -this connection is discussed in an article by Greene appearing in the April 1962 issue of Corrosion, pages 136-t to 142-t, wherein reference may be made -to FIG. 1 of the article which describes typical active-passive transi-tion of a metal towards a corrosive medium. Titanium alloys of alu-minum, vanadium, palladium, chromium or tin can be employed in which the latter me-tals are present as less than 10 percent of the alloy.
It is also w~ll Icnown to coat thc c~lode ~() with at least one platinum group metal or metal compound, e.g., oxides, to enhance its utility. ~he platinum group metals include pla-tin~n, ruthenium, 03mium, rhodium, iridium and palladium and alloys of two or more of the foregoing metals. Many means for applying and the formulations of platinum group me-tals and compounds for these coatings are known, for instance, see U.S.
Patents 3,632,498; 3,630,768; 3,616,4~6; 3,2~2,059; and 3,177, 131.
; Many other modifications and ramifications will na-turally suggest themselves to those skilled in the art based ~ .
on this disclosure. These ramifications and modifications are intended to be comprehended as within the scope of this ~i invention.
.
,
Claims (5)
1. In a bipolar diaphragm electrolytic filter press cell for the production of chlorine from aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions wherein a metal anode and a metal cathode of adjoining cells are in direct electrical connection with each other and said anode and cathode are maintained in spaced relationship by an electrically inactive barrier sheet between them, the improvement wherein proper electrical and mechanical connections between the anode and cathode of adjacent cells are independently maintained while electrolyte and gas flow through the cell barrier joint between said anode and cathode is prevented, said improvement residing in that:
(1) said barrier sheet is molded around at least one valve metal connector rod having a valve metal circumferential restraining flange attached thereto and positioned substantially equidistant from each end of said rod, said flange being substantially equidistant from and substantially parallel to both faces of said barrier sheet so that both ends of said rod are exposed to an electrolyte and removed from and above the face of said barrier sheet, and (2) one end of said rod has attached thereto a metal anode and the other end of said rod has attached thereto a ferrous metal cap, to which cap a metal cathode is attached, whereby an electrical and mechanical connection is made between adjacent cells without danger of connector rod slippage or electrolyte leakage around said rod.
(1) said barrier sheet is molded around at least one valve metal connector rod having a valve metal circumferential restraining flange attached thereto and positioned substantially equidistant from each end of said rod, said flange being substantially equidistant from and substantially parallel to both faces of said barrier sheet so that both ends of said rod are exposed to an electrolyte and removed from and above the face of said barrier sheet, and (2) one end of said rod has attached thereto a metal anode and the other end of said rod has attached thereto a ferrous metal cap, to which cap a metal cathode is attached, whereby an electrical and mechanical connection is made between adjacent cells without danger of connector rod slippage or electrolyte leakage around said rod.
2. The improvement of claim 1 wherein the cathode cap is attached to the connector rod by thread engaging means.
3. The improvement of claim 1 wherein the anode and cathode are attached by welding.
4. The improvement of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the valve metal is titanium.
5. The improvement of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the anode is coated with at least one platinum group metal or metal compound.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00425138A US3849279A (en) | 1973-12-17 | 1973-12-17 | Apparatus for sealing mechanical connection at bipolar barrier sheet |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1055887A true CA1055887A (en) | 1979-06-05 |
Family
ID=23685325
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA207,630A Expired CA1055887A (en) | 1973-12-17 | 1974-08-21 | Apparatus for sealing mechanical connection at bipolar barrier sheet |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3849279A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5095199A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1055887A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2254656B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1487237A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1019289B (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3950239A (en) * | 1974-07-24 | 1976-04-13 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Electrical connector for bipolar electrodes |
| US4069130A (en) * | 1975-01-29 | 1978-01-17 | Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corporation | Bipolar electrode and method for constructing same |
| US4137144A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1979-01-30 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Hollow bipolar electrolytic cell anode-cathode connecting device |
| DE2940120A1 (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1981-04-16 | Krebskosmo Gesellschaft f. Chemie-Ing. Technik mbH, 1000 Berlin | COMPOSED BIPOLAR ELECTRODE FOR ALKALINE METAL CHLORIDE ELECTROLYSIS AND OTHERS ELECTROLYSIS PROCESSES |
| US4439298A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1984-03-27 | Olin Corporation | Composite fiber reinforced plastic frame |
| US4402813A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1983-09-06 | Olin Corporation | Composite fiber reinforced plastic electrode frame |
| US4500379A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1985-02-19 | Olin Corporation | Method of making a composite fiber reinforced plastic frame |
| GB8530893D0 (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1986-01-29 | Ici Plc | Electrode |
| US4670123A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-06-02 | The Dow Chemical Company | Structural frame for an electrochemical cell |
| US4668372A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-05-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for making an electrolytic unit from a plastic material |
| US4668371A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-05-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Structural frame for an electrochemical cell |
| US4666579A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-05-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Structural frame for a solid polymer electrolyte electrochemical cell |
| US4690748A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-09-01 | The Dow Chemical Company | Plastic electrochemical cell terminal unit |
| US4666580A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-05-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Structural frame for an electrochemical cell |
| US4698143A (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1987-10-06 | The Dow Chemical Company | Structural frame for an electrochemical cell |
-
1973
- 1973-12-17 US US00425138A patent/US3849279A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-08-21 CA CA207,630A patent/CA1055887A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-09-16 IT IT53040/74A patent/IT1019289B/en active
- 1974-11-21 FR FR7438259A patent/FR2254656B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-11-28 JP JP49135968A patent/JPS5095199A/ja active Pending
- 1974-12-16 GB GB54232/74A patent/GB1487237A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1019289B (en) | 1977-11-10 |
| JPS5095199A (en) | 1975-07-29 |
| GB1487237A (en) | 1977-09-28 |
| FR2254656A1 (en) | 1975-07-11 |
| FR2254656B1 (en) | 1978-11-24 |
| US3849279A (en) | 1974-11-19 |
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