CA1053041A - Sealing fastening device - Google Patents
Sealing fastening deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1053041A CA1053041A CA264,187A CA264187A CA1053041A CA 1053041 A CA1053041 A CA 1053041A CA 264187 A CA264187 A CA 264187A CA 1053041 A CA1053041 A CA 1053041A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- washer
- fastener
- support member
- shank
- embossment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002650 habitual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
- F16B43/001—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts for sealing or insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
- F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
- F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
- F16B5/0642—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship the plates being arranged one on top of the other and in full close contact with each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
- F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
- F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
- F16B5/065—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship the plates being one on top of the other and distanced from each other, e.g. by using protrusions to keep contact and distance
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A fastening device acting as a seal, comprising a flexible member of circular shape, provided on both its sides with at least on embossment co-operating with the fastening members so as to sustain the maximum backing force upon mounting on to the supporting member and be deformed so as to constitute a flange applied against said supporting member, said flange preventing any liquid and dust from penetrating.
A fastening device acting as a seal, comprising a flexible member of circular shape, provided on both its sides with at least on embossment co-operating with the fastening members so as to sustain the maximum backing force upon mounting on to the supporting member and be deformed so as to constitute a flange applied against said supporting member, said flange preventing any liquid and dust from penetrating.
Description
`` ~.C~S3~
.~ S~ALING FASTENING DEVICE
Total dust and water tightness is often required for fastening parts which are either screwed or -force-fitted (hereinafter called "clipped") onto a support formed with a suitable orifice for receiving such parts.
,- Various 601utions have been proposed in an ~ endeavour to meet this requirement.
,.:, The most familiar solution consists in using ; a washer made of rubber or flexible plastic material which ~.;. .~.
~i 10 is inserted between the head of the fastening part and the ~ orifice of the support into which the body of such part is to be engaged. However, this solution is ineffective in the case of parts secured by clipping because the ~orce with which the flexible washer thrusts against the orifice of . , .
the support is insufficient.
In order to overcome this drawback, such parts, ~- which are customarily made of a rigid moulded plastic to ensure effective clipping, have been formed with a concave ., .~.............................................................. . . .
so-called sealing flange with thinned-down edges which, when the part is clipped into the orifice of the support, wedges tightly againat the orifice. This arrangement improve~ the sealing but fails to make it complete because of the habitual moulding defects and the drawbacks due to the joint plane :~
- line and burr.
Another solution has consisted in providing beneath the flange a part of exactly complementary shape to that of the ori~ice of the ~upport into which clipping is to ~.;~ ~ . , .. ~
~i be effected, which part has tapering edges to permit gradual ~j . .~ .. : ., `t~ penetration into said orifice and thereby to lock tightly :.. , , :.
~ 30 the fastening part in position. Xowever, the rigidity of the .. .. .
materials of which such parts are made precludes filling the
.~ S~ALING FASTENING DEVICE
Total dust and water tightness is often required for fastening parts which are either screwed or -force-fitted (hereinafter called "clipped") onto a support formed with a suitable orifice for receiving such parts.
,- Various 601utions have been proposed in an ~ endeavour to meet this requirement.
,.:, The most familiar solution consists in using ; a washer made of rubber or flexible plastic material which ~.;. .~.
~i 10 is inserted between the head of the fastening part and the ~ orifice of the support into which the body of such part is to be engaged. However, this solution is ineffective in the case of parts secured by clipping because the ~orce with which the flexible washer thrusts against the orifice of . , .
the support is insufficient.
In order to overcome this drawback, such parts, ~- which are customarily made of a rigid moulded plastic to ensure effective clipping, have been formed with a concave ., .~.............................................................. . . .
so-called sealing flange with thinned-down edges which, when the part is clipped into the orifice of the support, wedges tightly againat the orifice. This arrangement improve~ the sealing but fails to make it complete because of the habitual moulding defects and the drawbacks due to the joint plane :~
- line and burr.
Another solution has consisted in providing beneath the flange a part of exactly complementary shape to that of the ori~ice of the ~upport into which clipping is to ~.;~ ~ . , .. ~
~i be effected, which part has tapering edges to permit gradual ~j . .~ .. : ., `t~ penetration into said orifice and thereby to lock tightly :.. , , :.
~ 30 the fastening part in position. Xowever, the rigidity of the .. .. .
materials of which such parts are made precludes filling the
- 2 -.... - . - . . . ~
:, :
inevitable interstices which occur around the edges of the ;; orifices, thereby making the sealing imperfect.
Moreover, even a combination of the above two solutions fails to solve the problem.
It is the object of the present invention to achieve perfect sealing by means of an inexpensive simple-to-manufacture device free from the disadvantages of the prior art.
The invention comprehends a composite fastener unit for attachment to a support member having an aperture~ The unit comprises a fastener and an apertured annular sealing washer. `
me fastener includes a shank and an inverted dish-shaped '; annular flange, the flange extending radially outwardly from an ~ upper portion of the fastener and extending axially in the `~`
.
` direction of the shank portion and having an outer annular edge.
The shank includes a portion adapted for securing the fastener in an aperture of a support member and a sealing cone portion intermediate the securing portion and the flange. The sealing washer is of resilient material and has a central aperture and inner and outer annular edges. ~t least one axially extending embossment is on each side of the washer adjacen-t one of the ~`
annular edges such that when the fastener and washer are in operative association with a support member with the shank -. .
securing portion in operative engagement with the aperture of the support member, the outer annular edge of the flange bears ,,~
~` forcefully against an upper face of the washer in co-operation ` with an outer edge peripheral embossment to force the lower face , of the washer into sealing contact with the support member. An : ,: .
inner edge peripheral embossment on the lower face of the washer '~ is sandwiched between the sealing cone portion of the shank and the support member.
The description which follows with reference to the accompanying non-limitative e~emplary drawings will give a clear ~., : ,.
understanding of how the invention can be carried into practice.
-~
,~ ~ 3 , : ~ , s~
In the drawings:
Figure 1 shows in side elevation a fastening part .~, ` (of the clipping type) equipped with a device according to the ~ invention;
;, Figure 2 is a plan view on a smaller scale of the sealing washer of the device shown in Figure l; and Figure 3 is a sectional view through the line A - A
in Figure 2.
- In the drawings, the fastening part 1 (of the .
conventional type) has a sealing flange 2 having a sealing shank cona portion 3 and a clipping securing shank portion 4 adapted ., ~ .
`~ to co-operate with a circular aperture 5 formed in a support 6.
. In accordance with the invention, the fastening -j~; part 1 is equipped with a washer shown in greater detail in ;; Figures 2 and 3 and adapted to be applied against the support 6.
This washer is made of a material which, though relatively rigid, is possessed of resiliency, such as a plastic material, a natural or synthetic rubber material, or the like. It is shaped ` as a crown with an outer diameter "a" and an inner diameter "b".
.
/ 20 Embossments or overthicknesses 8 and 9 are provided at the edges . .:
` of the outer and inner circles of the crown and on its two ; ;: .
sides or planes H and B.
The above-described device is then ready for assembly. Its clipping or securing shank portion 4 is engaged ~: into the aperture 5, whereupon the flange 2, the diameter of which is the same as that of washer 7, bears against the latter.
;': .
Flange 2 locks against the upper embossment 8, thereby causing `-~ the corresponding lower embossment to be forced against the :~
support 6.
Meanwhile the sealing cone 3 compels the central embossments 9 to hug its shape prior to being forcefitted into ~ . .
`~ the support aperture 5, which is thereby perfectly sealed off.
Irrespective of whether water or dust are pressed :.;:. .
;:. -.
~; - 4 -; ! .~ .
.~ .
' ~ "
~ . ' :,', ;
s~
on one or the other side of the support, two successive barriers on the sealing washer will prevent ingress thereof. One barrier is formed by the embossments 8 associated to the outer edge of washer 7, and the other by the embossments 9 associated to the ' inner edge of the washer, thereby doubly ensuring leak tightness.
An added advantage of the invention resides in the fact that because the washer is symmetrically shaped it can be ; fitted with either side up or down. This is very important in the case of automatic mass-production assembly processes.
Moreover, without departing from the scope of the invention, the washer hereinbefore described can be provided ; with other embossments or overthickness areas between the inner `~
:, ~ , .
and outer embossments 8 - 9. Such additional embossments form extra barriers against the ingress of liquids and/or dust. The shape of such overthicknesses is unimportant; they may be rounded, triangular, rectangular, polygonal or otherwise shaped, `! the essential requirement being that they should form a continuous annular bead at the required places. ~ ~
~ -:. . ~' .:
:, . . .
', :
:: - - :~ . -, . :. :.
'.` ;~ ' ,. .; .
~.,~ ' -.,: :
'' ` 30 .`~
' `'` .. ' .
,; ~ :
.~ , ` .
,~`';'. ' ' ~` - 5 - ;
~: `
~ . . ~ ' ' , ' ' ' ' ' ,~
:, :
inevitable interstices which occur around the edges of the ;; orifices, thereby making the sealing imperfect.
Moreover, even a combination of the above two solutions fails to solve the problem.
It is the object of the present invention to achieve perfect sealing by means of an inexpensive simple-to-manufacture device free from the disadvantages of the prior art.
The invention comprehends a composite fastener unit for attachment to a support member having an aperture~ The unit comprises a fastener and an apertured annular sealing washer. `
me fastener includes a shank and an inverted dish-shaped '; annular flange, the flange extending radially outwardly from an ~ upper portion of the fastener and extending axially in the `~`
.
` direction of the shank portion and having an outer annular edge.
The shank includes a portion adapted for securing the fastener in an aperture of a support member and a sealing cone portion intermediate the securing portion and the flange. The sealing washer is of resilient material and has a central aperture and inner and outer annular edges. ~t least one axially extending embossment is on each side of the washer adjacen-t one of the ~`
annular edges such that when the fastener and washer are in operative association with a support member with the shank -. .
securing portion in operative engagement with the aperture of the support member, the outer annular edge of the flange bears ,,~
~` forcefully against an upper face of the washer in co-operation ` with an outer edge peripheral embossment to force the lower face , of the washer into sealing contact with the support member. An : ,: .
inner edge peripheral embossment on the lower face of the washer '~ is sandwiched between the sealing cone portion of the shank and the support member.
The description which follows with reference to the accompanying non-limitative e~emplary drawings will give a clear ~., : ,.
understanding of how the invention can be carried into practice.
-~
,~ ~ 3 , : ~ , s~
In the drawings:
Figure 1 shows in side elevation a fastening part .~, ` (of the clipping type) equipped with a device according to the ~ invention;
;, Figure 2 is a plan view on a smaller scale of the sealing washer of the device shown in Figure l; and Figure 3 is a sectional view through the line A - A
in Figure 2.
- In the drawings, the fastening part 1 (of the .
conventional type) has a sealing flange 2 having a sealing shank cona portion 3 and a clipping securing shank portion 4 adapted ., ~ .
`~ to co-operate with a circular aperture 5 formed in a support 6.
. In accordance with the invention, the fastening -j~; part 1 is equipped with a washer shown in greater detail in ;; Figures 2 and 3 and adapted to be applied against the support 6.
This washer is made of a material which, though relatively rigid, is possessed of resiliency, such as a plastic material, a natural or synthetic rubber material, or the like. It is shaped ` as a crown with an outer diameter "a" and an inner diameter "b".
.
/ 20 Embossments or overthicknesses 8 and 9 are provided at the edges . .:
` of the outer and inner circles of the crown and on its two ; ;: .
sides or planes H and B.
The above-described device is then ready for assembly. Its clipping or securing shank portion 4 is engaged ~: into the aperture 5, whereupon the flange 2, the diameter of which is the same as that of washer 7, bears against the latter.
;': .
Flange 2 locks against the upper embossment 8, thereby causing `-~ the corresponding lower embossment to be forced against the :~
support 6.
Meanwhile the sealing cone 3 compels the central embossments 9 to hug its shape prior to being forcefitted into ~ . .
`~ the support aperture 5, which is thereby perfectly sealed off.
Irrespective of whether water or dust are pressed :.;:. .
;:. -.
~; - 4 -; ! .~ .
.~ .
' ~ "
~ . ' :,', ;
s~
on one or the other side of the support, two successive barriers on the sealing washer will prevent ingress thereof. One barrier is formed by the embossments 8 associated to the outer edge of washer 7, and the other by the embossments 9 associated to the ' inner edge of the washer, thereby doubly ensuring leak tightness.
An added advantage of the invention resides in the fact that because the washer is symmetrically shaped it can be ; fitted with either side up or down. This is very important in the case of automatic mass-production assembly processes.
Moreover, without departing from the scope of the invention, the washer hereinbefore described can be provided ; with other embossments or overthickness areas between the inner `~
:, ~ , .
and outer embossments 8 - 9. Such additional embossments form extra barriers against the ingress of liquids and/or dust. The shape of such overthicknesses is unimportant; they may be rounded, triangular, rectangular, polygonal or otherwise shaped, `! the essential requirement being that they should form a continuous annular bead at the required places. ~ ~
~ -:. . ~' .:
:, . . .
', :
:: - - :~ . -, . :. :.
'.` ;~ ' ,. .; .
~.,~ ' -.,: :
'' ` 30 .`~
' `'` .. ' .
,; ~ :
.~ , ` .
,~`';'. ' ' ~` - 5 - ;
~: `
~ . . ~ ' ' , ' ' ' ' ' ,~
Claims (3)
1. A composite fastener unit for attachment to a support member having an aperture, said unit comprising a fastener and an apertured annular sealing washer;
said fastener including a shank and an inverted dish-shaped annular flange, said flange extending radially outwardly from an upper portion of said fastener and extending axially in the direction of said shank portion, and said flange having an outer annular edge, said shank including a portion adapted for securing said fastener in an aperture of a support member and a sealing cone portion intermediate said securing portion and said flange, said sealing washer being of resilient material and having a central aperture and inner and outer annular edges, at least one axially extending embossment on each side of said washer adjacent one of the annular edges such that when the fastener and washer are in operative association with a support member with said shank securing portion in operative engagement with the aperture of the support member, the outer annular edge of said flange bears forcefully against an upper face of the washer in co-operation with an outer edge peripheral embossment to force the lower face of said washer into sealing contact with said support member, and an inner edge peripheral embossment on the lower face of the washer is sandwiched between the sealing cone portion of said shank and the support member.
said fastener including a shank and an inverted dish-shaped annular flange, said flange extending radially outwardly from an upper portion of said fastener and extending axially in the direction of said shank portion, and said flange having an outer annular edge, said shank including a portion adapted for securing said fastener in an aperture of a support member and a sealing cone portion intermediate said securing portion and said flange, said sealing washer being of resilient material and having a central aperture and inner and outer annular edges, at least one axially extending embossment on each side of said washer adjacent one of the annular edges such that when the fastener and washer are in operative association with a support member with said shank securing portion in operative engagement with the aperture of the support member, the outer annular edge of said flange bears forcefully against an upper face of the washer in co-operation with an outer edge peripheral embossment to force the lower face of said washer into sealing contact with said support member, and an inner edge peripheral embossment on the lower face of the washer is sandwiched between the sealing cone portion of said shank and the support member.
2. The composite fastener of claim 1 wherein said washer is symmetrically shaped having upper and lower, inner and outer edge peripheral embossments, the lower, outer edge embossment being sealingly pressed against said support member and the inner upper edge embossment sealingly circumscribing said shank cone portion with the lower, inner edge embossment being forced into the support aperture.
3. The composite fastener unit of claims 1 and 2, wherein said washer includes additional upper and lower annular embossments radially between said inner and outer edges.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7533709A FR2330901A1 (en) | 1975-11-04 | 1975-11-04 | Fixing rivet with sealed surround - has sealing ring cover over rivet head to form watertight or dustproof joint |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1053041A true CA1053041A (en) | 1979-04-24 |
Family
ID=9162014
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA264,187A Expired CA1053041A (en) | 1975-11-04 | 1976-10-26 | Sealing fastening device |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1053041A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES453018A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2330901A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3726069A1 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2020-10-21 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Fixation clip |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4455804A (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1984-06-26 | Single-Ply Institute Of America, Inc. | Membrane anchor |
| US4467581A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1984-08-28 | Single-Ply Institute Of America, Inc. | Membrane anchor system with metal body |
| US4520606A (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1985-06-04 | Francovitch Thomas F | Roof membrane anchoring systems using dual anchor plates |
| US4658558A (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1987-04-21 | North American Roofing Company, Inc. | Apparatus for attaching roofing membrane to a structure |
| US4999963A (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1991-03-19 | North American Roofing Company, Inc. | Apparatus for attaching roofing membrane to a structure |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB788742A (en) * | 1955-04-30 | 1958-01-08 | Ernest Taylor | Improvements in fastening means |
| DE1287948B (en) * | 1958-05-03 | 1969-01-23 | ||
| US3127965A (en) * | 1959-10-12 | 1964-04-07 | Gen Motors Corp | Plastic trim molding clip with protective flange |
| FR1194306A (en) * | 1960-02-26 | 1959-11-09 | ||
| DE1475148A1 (en) * | 1965-10-04 | 1969-05-14 | Raymond A Fa | Watertight fastening of spring nuts through deformable intermediate pieces made of plastic material |
| AU432592B2 (en) * | 1968-12-03 | 1973-02-14 | Fasteners | |
| GB1325302A (en) * | 1969-08-14 | 1973-08-01 | Langdon P | Snap-fastening members |
| AT312224B (en) * | 1972-05-23 | 1973-12-27 | Sfs Stadler Ag | Device for fastening panel-shaped components to a substructure |
| US3842709A (en) * | 1973-08-20 | 1974-10-22 | Gen Motors Corp | Push-in fastener |
-
1975
- 1975-11-04 FR FR7533709A patent/FR2330901A1/en active Granted
-
1976
- 1976-10-26 CA CA264,187A patent/CA1053041A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-04 ES ES453018A patent/ES453018A1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3726069A1 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2020-10-21 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Fixation clip |
| WO2020214441A1 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2020-10-22 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Fixation clip |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES453018A1 (en) | 1977-11-01 |
| FR2330901B1 (en) | 1982-10-08 |
| FR2330901A1 (en) | 1977-06-03 |
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