CA1049551A - Process for purifying lecithin - Google Patents
Process for purifying lecithinInfo
- Publication number
- CA1049551A CA1049551A CA222,599A CA222599A CA1049551A CA 1049551 A CA1049551 A CA 1049551A CA 222599 A CA222599 A CA 222599A CA 1049551 A CA1049551 A CA 1049551A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- phosphatides
- volume
- liquid
- hydrophobic liquid
- phosphatide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 title description 2
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- KYARBIJYVGJZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 KYARBIJYVGJZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010019160 Pancreatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013681 dietary sucrose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013310 margarine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003264 margarine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940055695 pancreatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin
- C07F9/103—Extraction or purification by physical or chemical treatment of natural phosphatides; Preparation of compositions containing phosphatides of unknown structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J7/00—Phosphatide compositions for foodstuffs, e.g. lecithin
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
Abstract
TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
Be it known that I, FRITZ GEORG SIETZ, a citizen of the Federal Republic of Germany and Berlin (West), of Van Oldenbarneveldlaan 37, Zwijndrecht, Netherlands, has invented an improvement in PROCESS FOR PURIFYING PHOSPHATIDES
of which the following is a S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Abstract of the Disclosure Process for purifying phosphatides wherein crude phosphatides are subjected to the combined action of a hydrophobic liquid and an aqueous liquid, the two liquids are separated and the purified phosphatides product is recovered from the hydrophobic liquid. In this way a transparent phosphatide product is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment hexane is added to a non-dried crude phosphatide sludge obtained by the water desliming of a crude oil and the amount by volume of the hexane is about twice that of the sludge.
Be it known that I, FRITZ GEORG SIETZ, a citizen of the Federal Republic of Germany and Berlin (West), of Van Oldenbarneveldlaan 37, Zwijndrecht, Netherlands, has invented an improvement in PROCESS FOR PURIFYING PHOSPHATIDES
of which the following is a S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Abstract of the Disclosure Process for purifying phosphatides wherein crude phosphatides are subjected to the combined action of a hydrophobic liquid and an aqueous liquid, the two liquids are separated and the purified phosphatides product is recovered from the hydrophobic liquid. In this way a transparent phosphatide product is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment hexane is added to a non-dried crude phosphatide sludge obtained by the water desliming of a crude oil and the amount by volume of the hexane is about twice that of the sludge.
Description
l , cL 540 111495S~L
The i~lve~tion relates to a proces~, for purifying i phosphatides and the phosphatide product obtained by said ¦ process.
I Conventionally phosphatides are obtained from beans, in particular soya beans and other phosphatide-containing materials. In the processing of beans the phosphatides ; are, for nstance, obtained by pressing or solvent ; extraction of the beans and by separating the phosphatides from the resulting crude oils by a treatment with water or i 10 aqueous solutions.
.' I The aqueous sludge obtained contains phospholipids, ; a certain proportion of oil, fatty acids, carbohydrates, ¦ proteins, mineral salts, sterols, some remainders of the j bean shelIs and occasionally other materials. The sludge ¦ 15 may be dried to obtain a yellow to black mass with a wax-i like consistency. The phosphatides may be subjected to '¦ various treatments such as removal~of the oil, replace-ment of the oil by another oil~ hydroxylat~on and hydro-i - lysis, either by en~ymatic action or by acidic or alkaline hydrolysis. :~
Until now, however, it has been very difficult to I remove from the phosphatides some of the materials which i , i render them less suitable for certain applications.
~ U.S. Patent Specification 2,201,064 describes a .~j ,:-91 25 purification process in which dried phosphatides are . r dissolved in hexane. Bel~ian patent 590,731 describes a ~ purification process in which dried crude phosphatides .j . .
are treated with e.g. hexane and e.g. acetone which may contain up to 10% of water.
!
These prior art processes do not yield atransparent ~i~
~ 2 -' ~,.,.~,'"'.'~;''''''''''""''''"'""'''"' ~ ; ~
495Sl phosphatide product.
It has now been found that a purified phosphatide product is obtained when phosphatides are subjected to the combined action of a hydrophobic liquid and an a~ueous liquid. The two liquids are separated and the purified -phosphatide product is recovered from the hydrophobic liquid.
According to the process of the invention a transparent phosphatide product is obtained.
Surprisingly it has been found that the presence of an appreciable amount of a polar organic solvent, dissolved in the aqueous liquid, adversely affects the purification. It is therefore a special feature of the instant invention to carry out the process while less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 10% of the aqueous liquid consists of an organic polar solvent.
`(~ The process of the invention produces a purified phosphatide product which is transparent. Moreover, much of the disagreeable ~ff-flavour normally associated especially , . . .
with conventional hydrolysed phosphatides appears to have been removed during the purification treatment.
.
The hydrophobic liquid to be used in accordance with the present invention may be any hydrophobic liquid in which phosphatides are soluble. Examples are aliphatic, I preferably saturated hydrocarbons, preferably alkanes such .j ' as heptane, hexane and pentane~ Cyclic alkanes such as cyclohexane are also suitable. Aromatic compounds such as benzene may also be used. Hexane is -"
- - ' ' ' ~ 3-.. , . . .. ~, . . .
, cL 540 .
4~55:~L
, . . .
preferred. The aqueous liquid will normally be water which, however, may contain some proportion of another liquid or other liquids dissolved or dispersed therein.
¦ One preference as stated above ls the absence of substantial amounts of po]ar organic liquids from the i aqueous liquid. The presence of substantial amounts of polar organic liquids tends to make the subsequent `¦ ' ! separation of hydrophobic liquid and aqueous liquid more difficult. Moreover, it has been found that polar organic liquids cause the recovery of the phosphatide product from the hydrophobic liquid to be more troublesome and affect ¦ the quality of the product adversely. Smaller quantities, ; on the contrary, do not exhibit these undesirable characteristics, and may even facilitate the separation of hydrophobic liquid and aqueous liquid.
~ Another preference is the presence in the aqueous ; liquid of a minor amount of a bleaching agent. A suitable ~ ~ . , .
agent is H202. Suitable quantities are 0.5-5%, preferably 0.5-2% by weight, based on the aqueous liquid.
` 20 The t~rm "phosphatides" as used herein denotes a mixture of phopholipids and other materials (other than ;
water) çomprising non-lipid materials as is, for instance, ~ . :
i obtained in the aqueous sludge described above, possibly after one or more of the treatments also described above.
Such products are also often referred to as "lecithin". -The amount of aqueous liquid to be used in accordance with the process of the invention is preferably between 5 and 150% by volume of the phosphatides, more preferably between 50 and 100%.
The amount of hydrophobic liquid to be used in the , /
i '~ ' , .,.
.
~ cL 540 ~04~5~ ~
process of the invention is preferably between 200 and ¦ ,l 2000% by volume of the phosphatides, more preferably ! between 400 and 600%.
The process is preferably carried out while the amount (by volume) of hydrophobic liquid is about 1 to a~out 3 times, preferably about twice, as large as the amount (by volume) of phosphatides plus aqueous liquid.
- The sequence in which the two liquids are added to the phosphatides is immaterial. In a preferred embodiment the hydrophobic liquid is added to the aqueous sludge described above containing the phosphatides, optionally after some other treatment like, for instance, hydrolysis of the phospholipids. This procedure has the advantage that the need for an intermediate drying step is obviated.
The manner in which the two liquids are separated is not essential. Centrifuging is preferred.
Recovery of the purified phosphatide product from the hydrophobic liquid is preferably by evaporation.
The temperature and pressure at which the process is carried out can vary within wide limits. Atmospheric -pressure at ambient temperature is preferred.
The purified phosphatide product obtained is trans-`~ parent and superior to the untreated one with respect to odour, taste and oil-solubility. The product can especially usefully be applied in food preparations like margarine. Still another advantage of the purified phosphatide product according to the invention is its good oil solubility as compared with conventional products.
The advantages of the process according to the invention are especially pronounced when the process is ' , ,~ ' ' ' ' '' ' .. . .
, ~ .
cL 540 .
~L~4~55~
applied to phosphatides which have been hydrolysed by pancreatin.
! The invention is illustrated by the following - ~ examples.
EXA~PLE I
. _ 100kg crude soybean phosphatide sludge containing 33% of water were homogenised with 200 1 hexane and centrifuged. The transparent hexane phase emerging from the centrifuge was evaporated in two stages, in the first stage in a vertical evaporator, in the second stage in ~
a thin film evaporator. As compared with the phosphatides -, ~ ,: .
recovered in the conventional way, i.e. by drying of the sludge, the phosphatides obtained showed the following properties.
conventionalprocess of process the invention ~-Acetone-insoluble 6 6 matter (1) % 3 3 Moisture (2) % 0.5 -~ 0.05 Colour/Gardner (3) 10 10 ;
Colour / Iodine (4) 20 18 Colour/Lovibond (5) 35 g + 3.6 r + 35 + 3.2 . .
Sugar (calc. on ~ ~ F ~ r :
; 25 saccharose) (6) ~ ' ' J 1 .
Transparency (7) % 12.8 84.5 Acid Value (8) 23 23 Phosphorus (9) % 1.93 2.0 . Iron (10) ppm 152 73 Composition with settles does not settle (1) Acetone-insoluble matter determined according to the Official and Tentative Methods of the American Oil .. . . .
~' .
cL 540 , . , " , ' Chemists' Society.
i , .
The i~lve~tion relates to a proces~, for purifying i phosphatides and the phosphatide product obtained by said ¦ process.
I Conventionally phosphatides are obtained from beans, in particular soya beans and other phosphatide-containing materials. In the processing of beans the phosphatides ; are, for nstance, obtained by pressing or solvent ; extraction of the beans and by separating the phosphatides from the resulting crude oils by a treatment with water or i 10 aqueous solutions.
.' I The aqueous sludge obtained contains phospholipids, ; a certain proportion of oil, fatty acids, carbohydrates, ¦ proteins, mineral salts, sterols, some remainders of the j bean shelIs and occasionally other materials. The sludge ¦ 15 may be dried to obtain a yellow to black mass with a wax-i like consistency. The phosphatides may be subjected to '¦ various treatments such as removal~of the oil, replace-ment of the oil by another oil~ hydroxylat~on and hydro-i - lysis, either by en~ymatic action or by acidic or alkaline hydrolysis. :~
Until now, however, it has been very difficult to I remove from the phosphatides some of the materials which i , i render them less suitable for certain applications.
~ U.S. Patent Specification 2,201,064 describes a .~j ,:-91 25 purification process in which dried phosphatides are . r dissolved in hexane. Bel~ian patent 590,731 describes a ~ purification process in which dried crude phosphatides .j . .
are treated with e.g. hexane and e.g. acetone which may contain up to 10% of water.
!
These prior art processes do not yield atransparent ~i~
~ 2 -' ~,.,.~,'"'.'~;''''''''''""''''"'""'''"' ~ ; ~
495Sl phosphatide product.
It has now been found that a purified phosphatide product is obtained when phosphatides are subjected to the combined action of a hydrophobic liquid and an a~ueous liquid. The two liquids are separated and the purified -phosphatide product is recovered from the hydrophobic liquid.
According to the process of the invention a transparent phosphatide product is obtained.
Surprisingly it has been found that the presence of an appreciable amount of a polar organic solvent, dissolved in the aqueous liquid, adversely affects the purification. It is therefore a special feature of the instant invention to carry out the process while less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 10% of the aqueous liquid consists of an organic polar solvent.
`(~ The process of the invention produces a purified phosphatide product which is transparent. Moreover, much of the disagreeable ~ff-flavour normally associated especially , . . .
with conventional hydrolysed phosphatides appears to have been removed during the purification treatment.
.
The hydrophobic liquid to be used in accordance with the present invention may be any hydrophobic liquid in which phosphatides are soluble. Examples are aliphatic, I preferably saturated hydrocarbons, preferably alkanes such .j ' as heptane, hexane and pentane~ Cyclic alkanes such as cyclohexane are also suitable. Aromatic compounds such as benzene may also be used. Hexane is -"
- - ' ' ' ~ 3-.. , . . .. ~, . . .
, cL 540 .
4~55:~L
, . . .
preferred. The aqueous liquid will normally be water which, however, may contain some proportion of another liquid or other liquids dissolved or dispersed therein.
¦ One preference as stated above ls the absence of substantial amounts of po]ar organic liquids from the i aqueous liquid. The presence of substantial amounts of polar organic liquids tends to make the subsequent `¦ ' ! separation of hydrophobic liquid and aqueous liquid more difficult. Moreover, it has been found that polar organic liquids cause the recovery of the phosphatide product from the hydrophobic liquid to be more troublesome and affect ¦ the quality of the product adversely. Smaller quantities, ; on the contrary, do not exhibit these undesirable characteristics, and may even facilitate the separation of hydrophobic liquid and aqueous liquid.
~ Another preference is the presence in the aqueous ; liquid of a minor amount of a bleaching agent. A suitable ~ ~ . , .
agent is H202. Suitable quantities are 0.5-5%, preferably 0.5-2% by weight, based on the aqueous liquid.
` 20 The t~rm "phosphatides" as used herein denotes a mixture of phopholipids and other materials (other than ;
water) çomprising non-lipid materials as is, for instance, ~ . :
i obtained in the aqueous sludge described above, possibly after one or more of the treatments also described above.
Such products are also often referred to as "lecithin". -The amount of aqueous liquid to be used in accordance with the process of the invention is preferably between 5 and 150% by volume of the phosphatides, more preferably between 50 and 100%.
The amount of hydrophobic liquid to be used in the , /
i '~ ' , .,.
.
~ cL 540 ~04~5~ ~
process of the invention is preferably between 200 and ¦ ,l 2000% by volume of the phosphatides, more preferably ! between 400 and 600%.
The process is preferably carried out while the amount (by volume) of hydrophobic liquid is about 1 to a~out 3 times, preferably about twice, as large as the amount (by volume) of phosphatides plus aqueous liquid.
- The sequence in which the two liquids are added to the phosphatides is immaterial. In a preferred embodiment the hydrophobic liquid is added to the aqueous sludge described above containing the phosphatides, optionally after some other treatment like, for instance, hydrolysis of the phospholipids. This procedure has the advantage that the need for an intermediate drying step is obviated.
The manner in which the two liquids are separated is not essential. Centrifuging is preferred.
Recovery of the purified phosphatide product from the hydrophobic liquid is preferably by evaporation.
The temperature and pressure at which the process is carried out can vary within wide limits. Atmospheric -pressure at ambient temperature is preferred.
The purified phosphatide product obtained is trans-`~ parent and superior to the untreated one with respect to odour, taste and oil-solubility. The product can especially usefully be applied in food preparations like margarine. Still another advantage of the purified phosphatide product according to the invention is its good oil solubility as compared with conventional products.
The advantages of the process according to the invention are especially pronounced when the process is ' , ,~ ' ' ' ' '' ' .. . .
, ~ .
cL 540 .
~L~4~55~
applied to phosphatides which have been hydrolysed by pancreatin.
! The invention is illustrated by the following - ~ examples.
EXA~PLE I
. _ 100kg crude soybean phosphatide sludge containing 33% of water were homogenised with 200 1 hexane and centrifuged. The transparent hexane phase emerging from the centrifuge was evaporated in two stages, in the first stage in a vertical evaporator, in the second stage in ~
a thin film evaporator. As compared with the phosphatides -, ~ ,: .
recovered in the conventional way, i.e. by drying of the sludge, the phosphatides obtained showed the following properties.
conventionalprocess of process the invention ~-Acetone-insoluble 6 6 matter (1) % 3 3 Moisture (2) % 0.5 -~ 0.05 Colour/Gardner (3) 10 10 ;
Colour / Iodine (4) 20 18 Colour/Lovibond (5) 35 g + 3.6 r + 35 + 3.2 . .
Sugar (calc. on ~ ~ F ~ r :
; 25 saccharose) (6) ~ ' ' J 1 .
Transparency (7) % 12.8 84.5 Acid Value (8) 23 23 Phosphorus (9) % 1.93 2.0 . Iron (10) ppm 152 73 Composition with settles does not settle (1) Acetone-insoluble matter determined according to the Official and Tentative Methods of the American Oil .. . . .
~' .
cL 540 , . , " , ' Chemists' Society.
i , .
(2) Modified Karl Fischer Method according to the Official and Tentative Methods of the American Oi' Chemists' Society.
(3) Official and Tentative Methods of the A.O.C.S.
(4) Methods of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Fett-wissenschaft, Munster/Westf.
' (5) Methods of the A.O.C.S.
' (6) ditto (7) Transparency was determined as follows:
The material is heated to 50C in a waterbath.
It is then dissolved with stirring in equal parts by weight of xylol.
' Turbidity of the solution is measured in a turbidity ~- 15 measuring unit sold by B. Lange GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
The transparency of the solution is Tv = 100 - t, wherein t is the measured turbidity.
The extinction of the solution is Ev ~ logLv~
' The transparency of the material is then calculated from the formula v . 2 = log (8~ Methods of the A.O.C.S.
' (9) ditto '' (10) Methods of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Fett- ' ' ' 25 wissenschaft, Munster/Westf. ' EXAMPLE II ;
100 kg of crude soybean phosphatide sludge '~ containing 55% of water were''t'reated as described in Example I. The loss of sludge, calculated on the dry matter, amounted to abt. 9.5% Analytical results:
, ~ , : ' , ~ 7 cL 5ll0 1~4~SS:l conventional process of the .~ processinvention Acetone-insoluble % ~ 67 67 ~ matter '! 1' 5 Moisture % o.6S 0.05 Colour/Iodine 24 22 , Sugar % 3.2 1.7 Transparency % 10 88 ! I Acid Value 18 18 I , 10 Phosphorus % 1.962.04 Iron ppm 280 135 20% oil settlesdoes not settle -~, j EXAMPLE III
i 15 10 kg of crude soybean phosphatides were homogenised -with 10 l water. The sludge was then homogenised with401 -¦ cyclohexane and the mixture was centrifuged. The white ; ., . .:
¦ solvent phase was evaporated. The phosphatides thus ~ ~
.
¦ obtained were transparent. Analysis showed that the sugar content decreased to abt. 40~ and the iron content ¦ to abt. 55% of the starting value. The P-content had risen by 0.04%. Colour, acetone-insoluble matter and acid ¦ value had remained substantially constant. -.
~I EXAMPLE IV
_j 10 kg crude soybean phosphatides were dissolved in 40 l - -hexane. Subsequently 10 l water was stirred into the o solution. After 10 min stirring the solution was allowed to settle. After a resting period of 5 h and separation - of the phases the hexane solution was evaporated. The phosphatides thus obtained were transparent. The analyt-i ical data corresponded to those of the preceding examples.
.
`' j/ ' ' , ,, f ., ' ' , cL 540 . . .
495S~
EXAMPLR V
j ¦ 10 kg crude phosphatide sludge, which had been hydrolysed enzymatically according to USP 3,652,397, were homogenised with 20 1 hexane and centrifuged. The hydrolysed phosphatides isolated from the hexane phase : were transparent. The sugar and iron contents had been reduced to about half the star~ing values.
The P-value had increased by 0.05%. The other values (colour, acetone-insoluble matter, acid value) had remainel constant.
', --.
. ' , ~: ' :~
, :, .
' _ g _
' (5) Methods of the A.O.C.S.
' (6) ditto (7) Transparency was determined as follows:
The material is heated to 50C in a waterbath.
It is then dissolved with stirring in equal parts by weight of xylol.
' Turbidity of the solution is measured in a turbidity ~- 15 measuring unit sold by B. Lange GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
The transparency of the solution is Tv = 100 - t, wherein t is the measured turbidity.
The extinction of the solution is Ev ~ logLv~
' The transparency of the material is then calculated from the formula v . 2 = log (8~ Methods of the A.O.C.S.
' (9) ditto '' (10) Methods of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Fett- ' ' ' 25 wissenschaft, Munster/Westf. ' EXAMPLE II ;
100 kg of crude soybean phosphatide sludge '~ containing 55% of water were''t'reated as described in Example I. The loss of sludge, calculated on the dry matter, amounted to abt. 9.5% Analytical results:
, ~ , : ' , ~ 7 cL 5ll0 1~4~SS:l conventional process of the .~ processinvention Acetone-insoluble % ~ 67 67 ~ matter '! 1' 5 Moisture % o.6S 0.05 Colour/Iodine 24 22 , Sugar % 3.2 1.7 Transparency % 10 88 ! I Acid Value 18 18 I , 10 Phosphorus % 1.962.04 Iron ppm 280 135 20% oil settlesdoes not settle -~, j EXAMPLE III
i 15 10 kg of crude soybean phosphatides were homogenised -with 10 l water. The sludge was then homogenised with401 -¦ cyclohexane and the mixture was centrifuged. The white ; ., . .:
¦ solvent phase was evaporated. The phosphatides thus ~ ~
.
¦ obtained were transparent. Analysis showed that the sugar content decreased to abt. 40~ and the iron content ¦ to abt. 55% of the starting value. The P-content had risen by 0.04%. Colour, acetone-insoluble matter and acid ¦ value had remained substantially constant. -.
~I EXAMPLE IV
_j 10 kg crude soybean phosphatides were dissolved in 40 l - -hexane. Subsequently 10 l water was stirred into the o solution. After 10 min stirring the solution was allowed to settle. After a resting period of 5 h and separation - of the phases the hexane solution was evaporated. The phosphatides thus obtained were transparent. The analyt-i ical data corresponded to those of the preceding examples.
.
`' j/ ' ' , ,, f ., ' ' , cL 540 . . .
495S~
EXAMPLR V
j ¦ 10 kg crude phosphatide sludge, which had been hydrolysed enzymatically according to USP 3,652,397, were homogenised with 20 1 hexane and centrifuged. The hydrolysed phosphatides isolated from the hexane phase : were transparent. The sugar and iron contents had been reduced to about half the star~ing values.
The P-value had increased by 0.05%. The other values (colour, acetone-insoluble matter, acid value) had remainel constant.
', --.
. ' , ~: ' :~
, :, .
' _ g _
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A process for purifying phosphatides by treatment with a solvent for the phosphatides, comprising subjecting the phosphatides to the combined action of a hydrophobic liquid in an amount of between about 200 and about 2000% by volume and an aqueous liquid containing less than 30% by weight of an organic polar solvent) in an amount of between about 5 and about 150% by volume, both calculated on the phosphatides, separating the hydrophobic liquid and the aqueous liquid and recovering the purified phosphatide product from the hydrophobic liquid.
2. Process according to claim 1, in which as the hydrophobic liquid an aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon is used.
3. Process according to claim 2, in which as the hydrophobic liquid hexane is used.
4. Process according to claim 1, in which the amount of the hydrophobic liquid is between about 400 and about 600% by volume and the amount of the aqueous liquid is between about 50 and about 100% by volume, both calculated on the volume of the phosphatide.
5. Process according to claim 1, in which the volume of the hydrophobic liquid is between about 1 and about 3 times the volume of the phosphatides plus the aqueous liquid.
6. A process for purifying phosphatide wherein the phosphatides are treated with a solvent, comprising admixing a crude phosphatide sludge obtained by the desliming of a crude oil with water and without drying the sludge with a hydrophobic liquid in an amount of about 1 to about 3 times the volume of the sludge, thoroughly mixing the hydrophobic liquid with the sludge, separating the mixture obtained into an aqueous phase and a hydrophobic phase and recovering the purified phosphatide product from the hydrophobic phase.
7. Process according to claim 6, in which the volume of the hydrophobic liquid is about twice the volume of the crude phosphatide sludge.
8. Process according to claim 6, in which the hydro-phobic phase and the aqueous phase are separated by centri-fugation.
9. Process according to claim 6, in which the purified phosphatide product is recovered from the hydrophobic liquid by evaporation of said liquid.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB12927/74A GB1504125A (en) | 1974-03-22 | 1974-03-22 | Process for purifying phosphatides |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1049551A true CA1049551A (en) | 1979-02-27 |
Family
ID=10013697
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA222,599A Expired CA1049551A (en) | 1974-03-22 | 1975-03-18 | Process for purifying lecithin |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5628132B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT345462B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE827026A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1049551A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH614606A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2512639A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK122175A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2264815B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1504125A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE41884B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1030399B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU72108A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7503304A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE415565B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3218027A1 (en) * | 1982-05-13 | 1983-11-17 | A. Nattermann & Cie GmbH, 5000 Köln | PHOSPHOLIPID SOLUTIONS |
| GB8307594D0 (en) * | 1983-03-18 | 1983-04-27 | Unilever Plc | Triglyceride oils |
| JPS63265914A (en) * | 1987-04-23 | 1988-11-02 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | Production of epoxy resin |
| IT1319679B1 (en) | 2000-12-05 | 2003-10-23 | Chemi Spa | PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE PURIFICATION PROCESS. |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB933814A (en) * | 1959-05-12 | 1963-08-14 | Unilever Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the purification of phosphatides |
| AT315359B (en) * | 1972-07-31 | 1974-05-27 | Etapharm Chem Pharm Lab Ges M | Process for the production of highly purified phosphatides from animal organs |
-
1974
- 1974-03-22 GB GB12927/74A patent/GB1504125A/en not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-03-18 IE IE588/75A patent/IE41884B1/en unknown
- 1975-03-18 CA CA222,599A patent/CA1049551A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-03-19 SE SE7503140A patent/SE415565B/en unknown
- 1975-03-20 JP JP3569675A patent/JPS5628132B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1975-03-20 AT AT215075A patent/AT345462B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-03-20 NL NL7503304A patent/NL7503304A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-03-20 FR FR7508745A patent/FR2264815B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1975-03-21 LU LU72108A patent/LU72108A1/xx unknown
- 1975-03-21 DE DE19752512639 patent/DE2512639A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-03-21 IT IT67719/75A patent/IT1030399B/en active
- 1975-03-21 DK DK122175A patent/DK122175A/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-03-21 CH CH367475A patent/CH614606A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-03-21 BE BE154629A patent/BE827026A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| LU72108A1 (en) | 1976-07-01 |
| JPS5628132B2 (en) | 1981-06-30 |
| FR2264815A1 (en) | 1975-10-17 |
| ATA215075A (en) | 1978-01-15 |
| SE7503140L (en) | 1975-09-23 |
| IE41884B1 (en) | 1980-04-23 |
| IE41884L (en) | 1975-10-22 |
| NL7503304A (en) | 1975-09-24 |
| SE415565B (en) | 1980-10-13 |
| IT1030399B (en) | 1979-03-30 |
| AT345462B (en) | 1978-09-25 |
| DE2512639A1 (en) | 1975-10-16 |
| GB1504125A (en) | 1978-03-15 |
| CH614606A5 (en) | 1979-12-14 |
| BE827026A (en) | 1975-09-22 |
| JPS50130797A (en) | 1975-10-16 |
| FR2264815B1 (en) | 1978-02-03 |
| DK122175A (en) | 1975-09-23 |
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