CA1048432A - Apparatus and method for recovery of hydrocarbons from oil shale and tar sand - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for recovery of hydrocarbons from oil shale and tar sandInfo
- Publication number
- CA1048432A CA1048432A CA74205909A CA205909A CA1048432A CA 1048432 A CA1048432 A CA 1048432A CA 74205909 A CA74205909 A CA 74205909A CA 205909 A CA205909 A CA 205909A CA 1048432 A CA1048432 A CA 1048432A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heating zone
- slurry
- tar sand
- process according
- oil shale
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Fluidized oil shale or tar sand is moved through a metal conduit embedded in a molten salt bath maintained at a temperature of about 1100°F., to vaporize the hydrocarbons which are removed adjacent the end of the con-duit after passing through the bed of oil shale or tar sand.
Fluidized oil shale or tar sand is moved through a metal conduit embedded in a molten salt bath maintained at a temperature of about 1100°F., to vaporize the hydrocarbons which are removed adjacent the end of the con-duit after passing through the bed of oil shale or tar sand.
Description
~q:)4843Z
The present invention relates generally to the recovery of hydro-carbons from sources not commercially exploited at present, and more parti-cularly to a novel apparatus and method for recovering hydrocarbons such as gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil, and lubricants from oil shale and tar sand.
Oil shale is broadly defined as a fine-grained, compact sedimentary rock, generally laminated and containing an organic, high-molecular-weight mineraloid called kerogen. The organic matter of oil shales is presently in amounts ranging from a trace to 40% by weight. The analysis of oil shale from Colorado shows that it contains as much as 10.6% oil, 0.7% water, 2.1%
gas, and 86.6% spent shale.
Where the deposits of oil shale are close to the surface, modern surface mining techniques can be used. These in~lude stripping the overbur-den with drag line or bucket-wheel excavators, and drilling and shooting the exposed oil shale to loosen it so that it can be loaded by large shovels either into trucks or onto conveyor belts for transportation to the retorting plant.
Where the deposits are hundreds of feet underground, the material can be mined in the same manner as mineral ores or coal with the sinking of shafts and the construction of laterals.
The present invention avoids the ~iw~ disadvantages of the prior art and provides the me~hod of recovering hydrocarbons from oil shale or tar sand which includes the steps of: moving a fluidized mass of oil shale or tar sand through a pipe maintained at a temperature of about 1100F. for a time sufficient to vaporize hydrocarbons in said oil shale or tar sand;
and withdrawing the vaporized hydrocarbons from said pipe adjacent the out-let end thereof.
According to one aspect I have discovered that fuel oil and fuel gas can be -o~tained from oil shale or tar sand by adding to chunks of such substances an amount of diesel fuel oil sufficient to form a slurry or to fluidize the mass for movement through a pipe which is embedded in a molten - 1 - ~
16~4843Z
salt bath maintained at a temperature of about 1100F., and witW rawing vo-latilized hydrocarbons from adjacent the end of the pipe and recovering the sameJ whereby the solid material which exits from the end of the pipe con-sists essentially of spent shale or sand.
An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing which is a schematic elevational view, in the nature of a flow diagram, illustrat-ing apparatus for practicing the teachings of the present invention.
In the drawing a mixer 10 for fluidizing the oil shale or tar sand, includes a vessel 12 having an inlet 14 at the upper end thereof, two rows of counter-rotating mixing paddles 16 driven by an electric motor 18, and a screw conveyor 20, at the bottom of the vessel, driven by a second electric motor 22.
Positioned above the inlet 14 are an endless conveyor 24 for carry-ing chunks or discrete pieces 26 of oil shale or tar sand, usually about 4 inches to 6 inches in diameter, to the inlet of the vessel, and a pipe 28 for admitting a liquid hydrocarbon such as diesel fuel oil into the vessel to be intermixed with the solids.
Because the oil shale is relatively hard and rigidJ the diesel fuel oil functions as a "carrier" to assist in the movement of the material through the pipes in the retorts. HoweverJ as to the tar sandJ I have discovered that the use of a sufficient amount of diesel fuel oil to saturate the tar sand will cause the chunks of sand to disintegrateJ and the rate of disinte-gration can be greatly increased by the further addition of from about 6%
to 1O%J by volume, of a chlorinated aromatic solvent such as ethylene dichlo-ride.
As will be discussed more fully hereinafter, both the diesel fuel oil and the solvent are recovered during the extraction process, and can be reused.
An outlet pipe 30 extends from the vessel 12 and connects with a steel pipe 31 which extends through a first enclosed retort 32 which has an 1~4843Z
exhaust vent 34 at the top thereof. The retort contains a salt bath 36 which will be described more fully hereinafter, and which is preferably heated by means of a gas burner 38, said salt bath being in heat-exchange relationship -. with the pipe 31. The temperature of the molten salt bath in the first retort is about 625 F.
Interconnecting the pipe 31 with a second retort 40 is a connecting conduit 42 to which is connected~a vacuum pump 44 for removing volatilized hydrocarbons which have been driven out of the oil shale or tar sand by the heat in the first retort.
As with the first retort, the second retort 40 contains an exhaust vent 46, a salt bath 48, and is also preferably heated with a gas burner 50.
The temperature of the salt bath in the second retort is maintained at about 1100 F.
Extending through the second retort in heat-exchange relationship with the salt bath is a steel pipe 52 which connects with a second conduit 54 which also contains a vacuum pump 56 for withdrawing the remainder of the volatilized hydrocarbons from the shale or sand. The screw conveyor 20 ex-tends through the pipes and conduits 30, 31, 42, 52 and 54, whereby the solids 58, which aresspent shale or sand, exit from the conduit 54 onto a conveyor 60 for transmission to a disposal area.
Although two retorts and two vacuum pumps are shown, it is to be understood that additional retorts and vacuum pumps can be used, as where it is desirable to withdraw the vaporized hydrocarbons at moTe frequent tempera-ture intervals . . . much in the same manner as with a conventional "cracking"
tower. Also, inasmuch as one of the products obtained from the oil shale or tar sand is fuel gas, such gas can be used in the burners 3~ and 50 once the system has been brought up to operating range.
Returning to a consideration of the salt bath, I have discovered that salts of the type which are used for the tempering and heat treating of cutting tools, are ideally suited for a molten salt bath for heating the ~C~4843Z
fluidized oil shale or tar sand as it passes through the pipes within the retorts. Such a salt bath is relatively stable and clean, with very little losses which are exhausted through the vents 34 and 46. For the method des-cribed herein, the preferred salt is one which has a melting point of about 600F. and a working range between 625F. and 1100F. In general, these salts are nitrate andlor nitrate mixtures.
A salt which I have successfully used is Tempering-Salt No. 460, obtained from Payne Chemical Corporation, Pasadena, California, which salt has a melting point of 430F., and a working range between 460F. and 1100F.
This salt has a weight of 100 pounds per cubic foot at 1000F., and an ap-proximate analysis as follows:
Sulphates None Nitrites None Nitrates 64.7%
Carbonates None Chlorides .13%
Alkaline earth oxides None Silica None Fluorides None Moisture .18%
~ater Insoluable None pH of 1% Solution 6.9%
Clear liquid 445 F.
Melting Point 430 F.
Another acceptable salt is Payne Chemical Corp. Tempering No. 3-11 which melts at 285F. and has a working range of 300F. to 1100F.
As illustrated in the drawing, the chunks 26 of oil shale or tar sand, usually about 4 inches to 6 inches in diameter, are carried by the conveyor 24 into the inlet 14 of the vessel 12. At the same time, diesel fuel oil enters the inlet 14 through the pipe 28. As previously described, when tar sand is being processed, it is advantageous to use a chlorinated 1~4843Z
aromatic solvent such as ethylene dichloride with the diesel oil, to increase the rate of disintegration of the lumps of tar sand.
The screw conveyor 20 at the bottom of the vessel 12, moves the fluidized mass of oil shale or tar sand through the pipe 31 which is embedded in the molten salt bath 36 maintained at a temperature of about 625F. This temperature causes the volatilization of some hydrocarbons contained in the oil shale or tar sand, which hydrocarbons are drawn off through the vacuum pump 44. The oil shale or tar sand then continues to be moved through the pipe 52 in the second retort 40, where the molten salt bath is maintained at a temperature of about 1100F. Here again, additional hydrocarbons are vo-latilized and are removed by means of the vacuum pump 56. I have discovered that by using two or more such retorts with a maximum temperature of 1100F., substantially all of the hydrocarbons are vaporized from both the oil shale or tar sand and the fluidizing liquid such as diesel fuel oil, such that the only remaining solid material 58 is clean ash or sand. If desired, addition-al retorts and vacuum pumps can be used, with the retorts operating at in-termediate temperatures, whereby the hydrocarbons can be removed at different stages, much in the same manner as with a "cracking" tower.
Thus, it is apparent that there has been provided a novel apparatus and method for the efficient recovery of hydrocarbons from oil shale and tar sand without polluting the atmosphere, and which fulfills all of the objects and advantages sought therefor.
The present invention relates generally to the recovery of hydro-carbons from sources not commercially exploited at present, and more parti-cularly to a novel apparatus and method for recovering hydrocarbons such as gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil, and lubricants from oil shale and tar sand.
Oil shale is broadly defined as a fine-grained, compact sedimentary rock, generally laminated and containing an organic, high-molecular-weight mineraloid called kerogen. The organic matter of oil shales is presently in amounts ranging from a trace to 40% by weight. The analysis of oil shale from Colorado shows that it contains as much as 10.6% oil, 0.7% water, 2.1%
gas, and 86.6% spent shale.
Where the deposits of oil shale are close to the surface, modern surface mining techniques can be used. These in~lude stripping the overbur-den with drag line or bucket-wheel excavators, and drilling and shooting the exposed oil shale to loosen it so that it can be loaded by large shovels either into trucks or onto conveyor belts for transportation to the retorting plant.
Where the deposits are hundreds of feet underground, the material can be mined in the same manner as mineral ores or coal with the sinking of shafts and the construction of laterals.
The present invention avoids the ~iw~ disadvantages of the prior art and provides the me~hod of recovering hydrocarbons from oil shale or tar sand which includes the steps of: moving a fluidized mass of oil shale or tar sand through a pipe maintained at a temperature of about 1100F. for a time sufficient to vaporize hydrocarbons in said oil shale or tar sand;
and withdrawing the vaporized hydrocarbons from said pipe adjacent the out-let end thereof.
According to one aspect I have discovered that fuel oil and fuel gas can be -o~tained from oil shale or tar sand by adding to chunks of such substances an amount of diesel fuel oil sufficient to form a slurry or to fluidize the mass for movement through a pipe which is embedded in a molten - 1 - ~
16~4843Z
salt bath maintained at a temperature of about 1100F., and witW rawing vo-latilized hydrocarbons from adjacent the end of the pipe and recovering the sameJ whereby the solid material which exits from the end of the pipe con-sists essentially of spent shale or sand.
An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing which is a schematic elevational view, in the nature of a flow diagram, illustrat-ing apparatus for practicing the teachings of the present invention.
In the drawing a mixer 10 for fluidizing the oil shale or tar sand, includes a vessel 12 having an inlet 14 at the upper end thereof, two rows of counter-rotating mixing paddles 16 driven by an electric motor 18, and a screw conveyor 20, at the bottom of the vessel, driven by a second electric motor 22.
Positioned above the inlet 14 are an endless conveyor 24 for carry-ing chunks or discrete pieces 26 of oil shale or tar sand, usually about 4 inches to 6 inches in diameter, to the inlet of the vessel, and a pipe 28 for admitting a liquid hydrocarbon such as diesel fuel oil into the vessel to be intermixed with the solids.
Because the oil shale is relatively hard and rigidJ the diesel fuel oil functions as a "carrier" to assist in the movement of the material through the pipes in the retorts. HoweverJ as to the tar sandJ I have discovered that the use of a sufficient amount of diesel fuel oil to saturate the tar sand will cause the chunks of sand to disintegrateJ and the rate of disinte-gration can be greatly increased by the further addition of from about 6%
to 1O%J by volume, of a chlorinated aromatic solvent such as ethylene dichlo-ride.
As will be discussed more fully hereinafter, both the diesel fuel oil and the solvent are recovered during the extraction process, and can be reused.
An outlet pipe 30 extends from the vessel 12 and connects with a steel pipe 31 which extends through a first enclosed retort 32 which has an 1~4843Z
exhaust vent 34 at the top thereof. The retort contains a salt bath 36 which will be described more fully hereinafter, and which is preferably heated by means of a gas burner 38, said salt bath being in heat-exchange relationship -. with the pipe 31. The temperature of the molten salt bath in the first retort is about 625 F.
Interconnecting the pipe 31 with a second retort 40 is a connecting conduit 42 to which is connected~a vacuum pump 44 for removing volatilized hydrocarbons which have been driven out of the oil shale or tar sand by the heat in the first retort.
As with the first retort, the second retort 40 contains an exhaust vent 46, a salt bath 48, and is also preferably heated with a gas burner 50.
The temperature of the salt bath in the second retort is maintained at about 1100 F.
Extending through the second retort in heat-exchange relationship with the salt bath is a steel pipe 52 which connects with a second conduit 54 which also contains a vacuum pump 56 for withdrawing the remainder of the volatilized hydrocarbons from the shale or sand. The screw conveyor 20 ex-tends through the pipes and conduits 30, 31, 42, 52 and 54, whereby the solids 58, which aresspent shale or sand, exit from the conduit 54 onto a conveyor 60 for transmission to a disposal area.
Although two retorts and two vacuum pumps are shown, it is to be understood that additional retorts and vacuum pumps can be used, as where it is desirable to withdraw the vaporized hydrocarbons at moTe frequent tempera-ture intervals . . . much in the same manner as with a conventional "cracking"
tower. Also, inasmuch as one of the products obtained from the oil shale or tar sand is fuel gas, such gas can be used in the burners 3~ and 50 once the system has been brought up to operating range.
Returning to a consideration of the salt bath, I have discovered that salts of the type which are used for the tempering and heat treating of cutting tools, are ideally suited for a molten salt bath for heating the ~C~4843Z
fluidized oil shale or tar sand as it passes through the pipes within the retorts. Such a salt bath is relatively stable and clean, with very little losses which are exhausted through the vents 34 and 46. For the method des-cribed herein, the preferred salt is one which has a melting point of about 600F. and a working range between 625F. and 1100F. In general, these salts are nitrate andlor nitrate mixtures.
A salt which I have successfully used is Tempering-Salt No. 460, obtained from Payne Chemical Corporation, Pasadena, California, which salt has a melting point of 430F., and a working range between 460F. and 1100F.
This salt has a weight of 100 pounds per cubic foot at 1000F., and an ap-proximate analysis as follows:
Sulphates None Nitrites None Nitrates 64.7%
Carbonates None Chlorides .13%
Alkaline earth oxides None Silica None Fluorides None Moisture .18%
~ater Insoluable None pH of 1% Solution 6.9%
Clear liquid 445 F.
Melting Point 430 F.
Another acceptable salt is Payne Chemical Corp. Tempering No. 3-11 which melts at 285F. and has a working range of 300F. to 1100F.
As illustrated in the drawing, the chunks 26 of oil shale or tar sand, usually about 4 inches to 6 inches in diameter, are carried by the conveyor 24 into the inlet 14 of the vessel 12. At the same time, diesel fuel oil enters the inlet 14 through the pipe 28. As previously described, when tar sand is being processed, it is advantageous to use a chlorinated 1~4843Z
aromatic solvent such as ethylene dichloride with the diesel oil, to increase the rate of disintegration of the lumps of tar sand.
The screw conveyor 20 at the bottom of the vessel 12, moves the fluidized mass of oil shale or tar sand through the pipe 31 which is embedded in the molten salt bath 36 maintained at a temperature of about 625F. This temperature causes the volatilization of some hydrocarbons contained in the oil shale or tar sand, which hydrocarbons are drawn off through the vacuum pump 44. The oil shale or tar sand then continues to be moved through the pipe 52 in the second retort 40, where the molten salt bath is maintained at a temperature of about 1100F. Here again, additional hydrocarbons are vo-latilized and are removed by means of the vacuum pump 56. I have discovered that by using two or more such retorts with a maximum temperature of 1100F., substantially all of the hydrocarbons are vaporized from both the oil shale or tar sand and the fluidizing liquid such as diesel fuel oil, such that the only remaining solid material 58 is clean ash or sand. If desired, addition-al retorts and vacuum pumps can be used, with the retorts operating at in-termediate temperatures, whereby the hydrocarbons can be removed at different stages, much in the same manner as with a "cracking" tower.
Thus, it is apparent that there has been provided a novel apparatus and method for the efficient recovery of hydrocarbons from oil shale and tar sand without polluting the atmosphere, and which fulfills all of the objects and advantages sought therefor.
Claims (13)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A process for the recovery of hydrocarbons from oil shale or tar sand which comprises:
(a) forming a slurry of oil shale or tar sand in a non-aqueous liquid medium;
(b) passing the slurry through at least one heating zone maintained at a temperature sufficient to vaporize the hydrocarbons in the oil shale or tar sand;
(c) withdrawing the vaporized hydrocarbons so vaporized; and (d) discharging a depleted oil shale or tar sand residue.
(a) forming a slurry of oil shale or tar sand in a non-aqueous liquid medium;
(b) passing the slurry through at least one heating zone maintained at a temperature sufficient to vaporize the hydrocarbons in the oil shale or tar sand;
(c) withdrawing the vaporized hydrocarbons so vaporized; and (d) discharging a depleted oil shale or tar sand residue.
2. Process according to claim 1 wherein the vaporized hydrocarbons are withdrawn from a point, or points, adjacent to the outlet end of the heating zone or zones.
3. Process according to claim 1 wherein the slurry is formed by admixing oil shale or tar sand with a liquid hydrocarbon.
4. Process according to claim 3 wherein the slurry is a mixture of oil shale and diesel fuel oil.
5. Process according to claim 1 wherein the slurry is formed by mixing tar sand, a liquid hydrocarbon, and a liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon.
6. Process according to claim 5 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon is diesel fuel oil and the chlorinated hydrocarbon is ethylene dichloride.
7. Process according to claim 1 wherein the slurry is heated in the heating zone or zones to a temperature of at least 1100°F.
8. Process according to claim 7 wherein the slurry is heated in the heating zone or zones to a temperature of substantially 1100°F.
9. Process according to claim 1 wherein there is a temperature gradient over the length of the heating zone or zones.
10. Process according to claim 9 wherein the slurry is passed sequen-tially through a first heating zone at substantially 625°F and then through a second heating zone at substantially 1100°F.
11. Process according to claim 2, 9 or 10 wherein vaporized hydrocarbons are withdrawn both from a point adjacent to the outlet end of a heating zone at a lower temperature before passage of the slurry to a heating zone at a higher temperature, and also from a point adjacent to the outlet end of the highest temperature heating zone.
12. Process according to claim 1 which comprises:
(i) forming a slurry of oil shale or tar sand in diesel fuel oil;
(ii) passing the slurry through a first heating zone maintained at substantially 625°F;
(iii) withdrawing vaporized hydrocarbons from a point adjacent the outlet end of the first heating zone;
(iv) passing the material leaving the first heated zone through second heated zone maintained at substantially 1100°F;
(v) withdrawing further vaporized hydrocarbons from a point adjacent the outlet end of the second heating zone; and (vi) discharging an oil shale or tar sand residue.
(i) forming a slurry of oil shale or tar sand in diesel fuel oil;
(ii) passing the slurry through a first heating zone maintained at substantially 625°F;
(iii) withdrawing vaporized hydrocarbons from a point adjacent the outlet end of the first heating zone;
(iv) passing the material leaving the first heated zone through second heated zone maintained at substantially 1100°F;
(v) withdrawing further vaporized hydrocarbons from a point adjacent the outlet end of the second heating zone; and (vi) discharging an oil shale or tar sand residue.
13. Process according to claim 1 which comprises:
(i) forming a slurry of tar sand in diesel fuel oil containing from 6% to 10% by volume of ethylene dichloride;
(ii) passing the slurry through a first heating zone maintained at substantially 625°F;
(iii) withdrawing vaporized hydrocarbons from a point adjacent the outlet end of the first heating zone;
(iv) passing the material leaving the first heated zone through second heated zone maintained at substantially 1100°F;
(v) withdrawing further vaporized hydrocarbons from a point adjacent the outlet end of the second heating zone; and (vi) discharging an oil shale or tar sand residue.
(i) forming a slurry of tar sand in diesel fuel oil containing from 6% to 10% by volume of ethylene dichloride;
(ii) passing the slurry through a first heating zone maintained at substantially 625°F;
(iii) withdrawing vaporized hydrocarbons from a point adjacent the outlet end of the first heating zone;
(iv) passing the material leaving the first heated zone through second heated zone maintained at substantially 1100°F;
(v) withdrawing further vaporized hydrocarbons from a point adjacent the outlet end of the second heating zone; and (vi) discharging an oil shale or tar sand residue.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US38431973A | 1973-07-31 | 1973-07-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1048432A true CA1048432A (en) | 1979-02-13 |
Family
ID=23516859
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA74205909A Expired CA1048432A (en) | 1973-07-31 | 1974-07-30 | Apparatus and method for recovery of hydrocarbons from oil shale and tar sand |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5070404A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1048432A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1483402A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8858786B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2014-10-14 | Syncrude Canada Ltd | Extraction of oil sand bitumen with two solvents |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011014345A1 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-09-20 | Ecoloop Gmbh | Process for the energy-efficient and environmentally friendly production of light oil and / or fuels from raw bitumen from oil shale and / or oil sands |
-
1974
- 1974-07-04 JP JP7590874A patent/JPS5070404A/ja active Pending
- 1974-07-30 CA CA74205909A patent/CA1048432A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-31 GB GB3376074A patent/GB1483402A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8858786B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2014-10-14 | Syncrude Canada Ltd | Extraction of oil sand bitumen with two solvents |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5070404A (en) | 1975-06-11 |
| GB1483402A (en) | 1977-08-17 |
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