CA1047925A - Oral ingesta for animals - Google Patents
Oral ingesta for animalsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1047925A CA1047925A CA220,133A CA220133A CA1047925A CA 1047925 A CA1047925 A CA 1047925A CA 220133 A CA220133 A CA 220133A CA 1047925 A CA1047925 A CA 1047925A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- yeast
- ingesta
- farinaceous
- animal
- yeasts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
- A23K50/45—Semi-moist feed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/14—Yeasts or derivatives thereof
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure The palatability of oral ingesta, such as animal food or orally administered animal medicaments is improved by combining such ingesta with yeast from the genera ascomycetous yeasts or asporogenous yeasts. Oral ingesta such as an animal medicament or animal food is combined with either Torulopsis utilis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Description
~0~79'~5 Detailed Description o the Invention The present invention relates to oral ingesta such as animal food or orally administered animal medicaments especially such animal food or medicament of improved palatability. More specifically, the present invention relates to animal food or orally administered animal medi-caments such as dog food or medicaments and cat food or ~,~
medicaments having improved palatability.
Throughout the specification, the ingesta of thepresent invention is described as being combined with yeast by which it is meant that such yeast may be employed as a ;~
surface coating on such ingesta or in admixture w1th such ingesta or both. Yeasts from either the group ascomycetous or asporogenous have been found to be effective in this regard. The yeast-like genera belonging to the order Ustilaginales (in the Basidiomycetes) and the yeast-like genera belong to the family Sporobolomycetes and the yeast-like genera belong to the family Sporobolomycetaceae are also within the broad scope of the invention. The yeasts ¦employed in accord with the present invention are further identified in the publiaation The Yeasts, A Taxonomia Study, edited by J. Lodder, 1970.
The various genera of yeasts within the group ascomycetous which aan be employed according to the present invention inalude ~ , Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces, ~ !
Saccharomyaodes, Saccharomycopsis and Schizosaccharom~ces.
The various genera o~ asporogenous yeasts that can be employed to advantage according to the present invention comprise Torulopsis utilis (Candida utilis) and Candida _ arborea, Oospora lactis (Oidium lactis, Endomyces lactis, Geotrichum candidum).
medicaments having improved palatability.
Throughout the specification, the ingesta of thepresent invention is described as being combined with yeast by which it is meant that such yeast may be employed as a ;~
surface coating on such ingesta or in admixture w1th such ingesta or both. Yeasts from either the group ascomycetous or asporogenous have been found to be effective in this regard. The yeast-like genera belonging to the order Ustilaginales (in the Basidiomycetes) and the yeast-like genera belong to the family Sporobolomycetes and the yeast-like genera belong to the family Sporobolomycetaceae are also within the broad scope of the invention. The yeasts ¦employed in accord with the present invention are further identified in the publiaation The Yeasts, A Taxonomia Study, edited by J. Lodder, 1970.
The various genera of yeasts within the group ascomycetous which aan be employed according to the present invention inalude ~ , Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces, ~ !
Saccharomyaodes, Saccharomycopsis and Schizosaccharom~ces.
The various genera o~ asporogenous yeasts that can be employed to advantage according to the present invention comprise Torulopsis utilis (Candida utilis) and Candida _ arborea, Oospora lactis (Oidium lactis, Endomyces lactis, Geotrichum candidum).
-2-~Cl 47~ZS
secause of the commercial usage the term "Torula yeast" or "torula yeast" is employed to designate the species Torula utilis, Torulopsis _tilis and Candida utilis, the latter three being treated as synonyms in The Yeasts, supra. .:
The genera Candida and Torulopsis are maintained as separate genera in The Yeasts, supra for the reasons stated at pages 894-897 thereof because a reclassification into natural taxa is considered "inadvisable since it would make necessary .~
the provisory renaming of a great number of species. This .
would inevitably lead to confusion and justified irritiation among the increasing number of workers in various fields who use or encounter yeast of this group." ~:
The various species within the group ascomycetous .
which are also employed to advantage according ~o the present invention comprise Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae variety ellipsoidus, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and Saccharomyces fragilis ~Kluyveromyces fragilis). : ~ -The genera of yeasts preferred in accord with the pre~ent invention comprise Torulopsis, Candida and Saccharo- ~;. -.
myces.
Commercially-available dried yeast which are used according to the present invention include either primary dried yeast or secondary yeasts which may be classified as ..
~ollows:
1. Primary dried yeast - ~ cerevisiae 2. Primary dried torula yeast - Torulo~sis utilis (Candida utilis)
secause of the commercial usage the term "Torula yeast" or "torula yeast" is employed to designate the species Torula utilis, Torulopsis _tilis and Candida utilis, the latter three being treated as synonyms in The Yeasts, supra. .:
The genera Candida and Torulopsis are maintained as separate genera in The Yeasts, supra for the reasons stated at pages 894-897 thereof because a reclassification into natural taxa is considered "inadvisable since it would make necessary .~
the provisory renaming of a great number of species. This .
would inevitably lead to confusion and justified irritiation among the increasing number of workers in various fields who use or encounter yeast of this group." ~:
The various species within the group ascomycetous .
which are also employed to advantage according ~o the present invention comprise Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae variety ellipsoidus, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and Saccharomyces fragilis ~Kluyveromyces fragilis). : ~ -The genera of yeasts preferred in accord with the pre~ent invention comprise Torulopsis, Candida and Saccharo- ~;. -.
myces.
Commercially-available dried yeast which are used according to the present invention include either primary dried yeast or secondary yeasts which may be classified as ..
~ollows:
1. Primary dried yeast - ~ cerevisiae 2. Primary dried torula yeast - Torulo~sis utilis (Candida utilis)
3. Secondary yeast, brewer's dried yeast - -:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae .:
Saccharomyces carlsbergensis ::
` Other yeast which are suitable for the purposes of the present invention comprise vitamin enriched yeasts -~
which are manufactured by the addition of vitamins such as ~.
- ~
~0479Z5 :~ ~
vitamins Bl, B2 and B6 to the broth in which the yeast is grown and from which the yeast will subsequently absorb the vitamins. One of the outstanding features of the yeast used in accord with the present invention is they synthesize vitamin B1 in large quantities during production by coupling thiazole and pyrimidine when these compounds are added to the medium in which the yeast is grown. Yeast which are made by the addition of thiazole and pyrimidine and vitamin-enriched yeasts manufactured according to United States ¦Patent 2,262,635 Schultz, et al., United States Patent 2,359,521 Harrison and United States Patent 2,328,025 Mead ¦et al. are also included within the scope of the present ¦invention. Hydroly~ates of the foregoing yeasts may also be ¦used according to the present invention and are prepared ;
¦either by hydrolyzing such yeasts in a dilute aqueous hydro-¦chloric acid solution or by an aqueous bacterial hydrolysis ~ `
¦both of which are known in the art. The hydrolyzate thus "`
¦obtained is dried~and concentrated and empIoyed in the same ¦manner as the yeasts described herein. Any mixture of yeasts ;~
¦ and/or hydrolyzates may also be employed according to the invention.
The farinaceous ingesta of the present invention may be made ~rom any of the more common grains, such as corn meal, red dog flour, wheat germ, rye ~lour, wheat ~lour, oats, barley, and the like, and any combination thereo~.
The farinaceous ingesta utilizing the foregoin~
common grains or farinaceous materials may be prepared by methods well known in the baking art. The grains are ground into a flour-like consistency to which is added a liquid, a shortening and, optionally, a leavening agent, such as baker's yeast or baking powder, and the mixture then baked _4_ . :- . . . . . . . . . .
~0479~
~at a suitable temperature for a fixed period of time. In one embodiment of the present invention, the farinaceous ingesta prepared with a leavening agent is shaped into a crouton-like ~configuration having dimensions of approximately 1/4" square dried at 110F. for two hours and subsequently coated with ¦the yeast of the present invention.
The ingesta of the present invention may also be ¦made from vegetable protein materials which comprises oil seeds and legumes as well as the oil expressed or extracted meals and cakes and protein isolates thereof recovered by acid or alkali digestion and precipitation. Vegetable protein materials in this respect comprise soy beans, soy bean meal, soy bean powder, cotton seed meal, peanuts, peanut meal and the like and mixtures thereof.
The vegetable protein material may be used by it-elf. By way of example soy powder is pelletized by compres-on in a press into a 1/4" diameter by 1/8" thickness round pellet and these pellets in turn are coated with the afore-entioned yeast or 30% by weight of such yeast is admixed¦with the soy powder prior to pélletizing.
¦ Mixtures of the farinaceous materials and protein ¦materials, especially vegetable protein materials may be ¦effected for example by substituting approximately 10% by weight o~ the grain flour previously described with soy powde~
¦and/or 10% by weight of yeast and the baked goods prepared ¦with this substitution. This combination of farinaceous ¦material with the vegetable protein material may also be ¦coated with the yeast previously described.
. - ~
10479ZS j ~ :
The moist animal food which is also combined with !
yeast in accord with the present invention i5 described in United States Patent No. 3,202,514 Burgess et al. such moist animal food generally comprising from about lS to about 30% by weight of moisture; from about 15 to abou~ 30 by weight of sugar, meat or meat by-products or meat meal or mixtures thereof as meat protein material; and vegetable protein material as described previously, all of these terms being further described in United States Patent 3,202,514 Burgess et al. along with other components employed in such moist animal food and the method for its manufacture. ;~ "
The ingesta of the invention comprising animal food are thus prepared from farinaceous materials, or ;`
proteinaceous materials or mixtures of farinaceous and proteinaceous materials. Where the ingesta comprises mix-tures of farinaceous and proteinaceous materials, anywhere from about 2% to about 98% by weight of farinaceous material , especially from about 5% to about 80~ by weight of farina- ~ ;~
ceous material is employed, the balance comprising protein- ";
aceous material. i;~;
The proteinaceous material, whether employed by itself or in combination with the farinaceous material may be vegetable protein or meat protein or mixtures of both vegetable protein and meat protein. Where mixtures compris-ing vegetable protein and meat protein are employed, the vegetable protein comprises anywhere from about 2~ to about -~
95~ by weight of the mixture and especially from about 5 to about 85% by weight of the mixture, the balance compris-ing meat protein. ;
. ,'~ , -6- ~ ~
-~047~Z5 : .
Since other ingredients may be used in the manufac-ture of the ingesta or are present therein such as water the farinaceous and/or proteinaceous materials will constitute ~anywhere from about 95% to about S~ by weight, especially from about 95~ to about 60% by wei~ht of the ingesta.
THe ingesta of the invention may be dry by which it is meant it may contain anywhere from about 5% to about 12% by weight of water based on the ingesta; or it may be moist by which it is meant it may contain anywhere from above about 12% to about 40~ by weight of water based on the in-gesta; or wet at 40% water.
The oral medicaments which may be used in combina-tion with the yeast according to the invention comprise those compositions and/or compounds in the Physician's Desk Refer- ;
ence, 29th Ed. (1974). The oral medicaments comprise inter alia compounds and/or~compositions generally known as ameb-icides and trichomonacides, analgesics, anorexics, anti-arthritics, antibacterials and antibiotics, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, anti-depressants, anti-histamines, anti-neoplastics, anti-Parkinsonism drugs, antipyretics, antispas-modics and anticholinergics, antiviral agents, ataractics, cardiovascular preparations, contraceptives, diuretics, fertili~y agent, hematinics, hormones, laxatives, parasympa-khetic agents and parasympathomimetics, psychostimulants, sedatives, sympathomimetics and combinations and thyroid preparations. Compounds and/or compositions within the aforementioned classes include inter alia the following generic materials; methamphetamine, methcyclothiazide, cephalexmin, cephaloglycin, cloxacillin, phenoxyethyl peni-cillin, erythromycin, pargyline, ephedrine, codeine, methy-cyclothiazide, metharbital, deserpidine, pentobarbital, isoproterenol, piperazine, estrone, hydrochlorothiazide~
~0479Z5 ethchlorvynol, chlorazepate, sulfamethizole, phenazopyri-dine, oxytetracycline, pentaerythritol tetramitrate, dieth-ylstilbestrol, l-hyoscyamine, ethaverine, pentylenetetrazol, griseofulvin, ampicillin, phendimetrazine, meprobamate, conjugated estrogens, testosterone, pralidoxime, dicloxa-cillin, isoniazid, methanamine mandelate, phenacetin, aspirin, caffeine, hydrocodone bitartrate, oxacillin, phentermine, bisacodyl NF, phenmetrazine, ephedrlne, glycer- ~:
yl guaiacolate, phenobarbital, theophylline, sulfonamide, phenoxymethyl penicillin, kanam~cin, tetracycline, heta- ::
cillin, metampicillin, aluminum glycinate, acetaminophen, salicylamide, methyltestosterone, bephenium hydroxynaph-thoate, erythrityl tetranitrate, procyclidine, digoxin, cyclizine trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, benz~l penicillin, papverine, hydralazine, allobarbital, acetaminophen, meth-androstenolone, dimethindene, xylometazoline, tolazoline, ;
tripenalennamine, reserpine, adiphenine, ethinamate, bella- ;~ I
donna, piperacetazine, rifampin, warfarin, promethazine, sulfinpyrazone, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, carbamaze- : ;
pine, imipramine, furosemide, glyceryl trinitrate, isopro-terenol, bromisovalum, pentylenetetrazol, isometheptene, oxyphenonium bromide, amantadine, lithlum carbonate, buty-rophenone, hydroxyzines, chorionic gonadotropin, menotropins, ayanocobalamin, dipyridamole, casanthranol, dioc~yl sodium sulfosuccinate, methylphenidate, thyroxine, amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam and sulfisoxazole.
The ingesta article of manufacture may be in the 1-shape of a kib which is a sphere, cylinder or cube or other three dimensional shape having a maximum dimension of from about 1/8" to about 3/4". The article of manufacture may ~" I ,," ," ,, ,,",,".,.. ,,,,,, ".,,,.,.,, ,.. , .,,, 104q9Z5 also be biscuit shaped, wafer shaped or any shape commonly used for animal food or orally-administered animal medicam-~ents. Biscuits may be anywhere Erom about l/2" to 2" indiameter and have a thickness of about 5~ to about 50% of the diameter. Wafers may be anywhere from about 1/2" to l about 6" in length~ about 1~2" to about 50% in width and have 1, a thickness of anywhere from about 5% to about 50% of the width. The ingesta may also be prepared as a continuous ¦cylindrical, triangular, rectangular etc. extrudate of about l/4" in diameter.
The yeast when combined with the ingesta as a coat-ing may be applied to all sides or only one side or any combination of sides of the ingesta. The coating may also be applied as stripes on the side of the ingesta or what will be defined herein as flavor channels which are grooves having a depth of from about 1% to about 20% of the maximum thicknes of the ingesta and are filled with the yeast coating~ A
continuous coating of yeast or flavor channels may be applied I
by continuous coextrusion of the ingesta and yeast through an ~`~
extrusion die.
The ingesta such as animal food or orally-adminis-tered animal medicaments are combined with greater than about 2~ by weight or anywhere from about 2~ to about 99~ by weight ~r~
o yeast either as a coating on the surface or in the flavor channels or in admixture with such ingesta where the afore-said weight percent of yeast is based on dry yeast, i.e., yeast having from about 3 to about 10% by weight of water.
In a further embodiment the ingesta of the invention have greater than about 5% and especially greater than about 7~ i~
or from about 5~ to about 99% especially from about 7% to -~
about 99% by weight of such yeast combined therewith as an admixture or coating.
_g_ ~:
10"'79Z5 Where the ingesta of the inventlon comprises orally-¦
¦administered medicaments, in addition to the Eoregoing ranges ~¦the yeast may also be combined with such medicament in an even I¦lesser amount such as, or example, in an amount greater than ¦¦about 0.5~, such as anywhere from about 0.5~ to about 99% by ¦¦weight, the lower concentrations being especially effective when applied as a coating on such medicament.
The prior art discloses that yeast may be employed -in animal food in concentrations up to about 0.5% as a B
vitamin supplement; however, when yeast is u.sed in admixture with animal food in such low concentrations it has no effect on improving the palatability of the animal food. Applicant 1~
has established by experiments that such animal food whether ;
dry animal food or moist animal food described in United States Patents 3,119,691 Ludington et al. and 3,202,514 Burgess et al. either have minimal palatability as dry animal ;~
food or lose palatability as in the case of moist animal food, but such palatability can be greatly enhanced by the use of greater than 0.5% by weight of yeast as a coating on such animal food.
By applying yeast as a surface coating to animal food or orally-administered medicaments in the ranges accord-lng to this invention even though a very small amount of yeast may be employed in terms o the weight percent o~ yeast ~;
in relation to the weight of the ingesta it is possible to obtain a substantially 100% yeast concentration on the sur-face of the ingesta and the yeast is able to function in the manner discovered according to the present invention, i.e., ac a compound that marXedly lmproves palatability.
: .
-10- ~' .. -. : ~ -:
;. - : ~ .-.
I When the yeast is employed in admixtures with the ingesta, palatability will be reduced by virtue of the dilution effect , of the ingesta on the yeast. Consequently, slightly higher ~ ;
concentrations of the yeast are preferred when it is combined with ingesta as an admixture.
By experimentation easily accomplished by a person ~ I`
with ordinary skill in the art, a minimum concentratio~ of yeast within the aforementioned ranges can be ascertained which will improve palatability and, accordingly, the afore-mentioned ranges of concentrations of yeast in combination with the ingesta represent the numerical parameters for the use of yeast as a compound to improve the palatability of oral ingesta. The yeast is therefore used in combination -with the ingesta in an amount sufficient to enhance the palatability and is readily distinguished from the prior art where yeast has been employed as an additive in such ;
small amounts that no palatability improvement has been ob- 1 tained because of the dilution factor which masked or hid the taste-enhancing ~ualities of the yeast.
Although the yeast in one embodiment is combined with the ingesta by itself the yeast may also be mixed with a binder, suah as fat, e.g., tallow fat, or other edible binders known in the food art such as, starch binders, pre-cooked potato ~lour, pre-gelatinized starch, pre-gelatinized ¦corn flour or the equivalent thereof, such as polymerized ¦alkylene oxides, e.g., ethylene oxide, carrgeenins, alginates, ¦~
¦ locust bean gum, gum karaya, gum tragacanth~and guar gum.
¦Carboxymethyl cellulose may also be employed in this regard.
¦ When the yeast is employed in combination with a binder ¦ anywhere from about 5~ to about 95% by weight, especially ~rom about 20~ to about 80% by weight of yeast to binder may be employed.
104~9Z5 ~ ~ ~
The following examples are illustrative:
l Example 1 A medicament was prepared for oral ',1 administration to be used in the control of round worms (toxascaris leonina) by admixing 0.25 oz. primary dried I yeast Saccharomyces cerévisiae with 0.0125 oz. of piperazine adipate. The medicament thus prepared was presented to a ~ common house cat and it was immediately consumed. Piperazine ¦ adipate was administered again to the animal in 30 days by preparing a medicament as described in this example however using 0.25 oz. primary dried torula yeast Torulopsis utilis and such medicament was immediately consumed.
Example 2 A preparation was made comprising a commercially-available cereal, rolled oatsj by adding 1 cup of oats to 2 cups of boiling water to which was added 1/8 teaspoon of salt. The preparation was cooled to room temper-ature (about 72F.) and a 2 02. portion presented to a com-mon house cat; however, the animal would not eat the prepara-tion. Two ou~ces of the preparation was then mixed with 0.5 oz. of dried torula yeast described in the previous example and the animal consumed the entire portion.
Example 3 In another experiment, approximately 3 oz. of dried aat food kibs that had been presented contin-uously ~o a common house cat for three days and which were not consumed were coateA with 10% by weight of dried (8%
water by wei~ht) secondary brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cer-evisiae, in the manner previously described. When the coated kibs were presented to the animal they were completely consumed. The animal was fed with supplementary table scraps for the aforementioned three-day period so that it ~ ;
would not be unduly hungry when presented with the yeast coated dry cat food kib.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae .:
Saccharomyces carlsbergensis ::
` Other yeast which are suitable for the purposes of the present invention comprise vitamin enriched yeasts -~
which are manufactured by the addition of vitamins such as ~.
- ~
~0479Z5 :~ ~
vitamins Bl, B2 and B6 to the broth in which the yeast is grown and from which the yeast will subsequently absorb the vitamins. One of the outstanding features of the yeast used in accord with the present invention is they synthesize vitamin B1 in large quantities during production by coupling thiazole and pyrimidine when these compounds are added to the medium in which the yeast is grown. Yeast which are made by the addition of thiazole and pyrimidine and vitamin-enriched yeasts manufactured according to United States ¦Patent 2,262,635 Schultz, et al., United States Patent 2,359,521 Harrison and United States Patent 2,328,025 Mead ¦et al. are also included within the scope of the present ¦invention. Hydroly~ates of the foregoing yeasts may also be ¦used according to the present invention and are prepared ;
¦either by hydrolyzing such yeasts in a dilute aqueous hydro-¦chloric acid solution or by an aqueous bacterial hydrolysis ~ `
¦both of which are known in the art. The hydrolyzate thus "`
¦obtained is dried~and concentrated and empIoyed in the same ¦manner as the yeasts described herein. Any mixture of yeasts ;~
¦ and/or hydrolyzates may also be employed according to the invention.
The farinaceous ingesta of the present invention may be made ~rom any of the more common grains, such as corn meal, red dog flour, wheat germ, rye ~lour, wheat ~lour, oats, barley, and the like, and any combination thereo~.
The farinaceous ingesta utilizing the foregoin~
common grains or farinaceous materials may be prepared by methods well known in the baking art. The grains are ground into a flour-like consistency to which is added a liquid, a shortening and, optionally, a leavening agent, such as baker's yeast or baking powder, and the mixture then baked _4_ . :- . . . . . . . . . .
~0479~
~at a suitable temperature for a fixed period of time. In one embodiment of the present invention, the farinaceous ingesta prepared with a leavening agent is shaped into a crouton-like ~configuration having dimensions of approximately 1/4" square dried at 110F. for two hours and subsequently coated with ¦the yeast of the present invention.
The ingesta of the present invention may also be ¦made from vegetable protein materials which comprises oil seeds and legumes as well as the oil expressed or extracted meals and cakes and protein isolates thereof recovered by acid or alkali digestion and precipitation. Vegetable protein materials in this respect comprise soy beans, soy bean meal, soy bean powder, cotton seed meal, peanuts, peanut meal and the like and mixtures thereof.
The vegetable protein material may be used by it-elf. By way of example soy powder is pelletized by compres-on in a press into a 1/4" diameter by 1/8" thickness round pellet and these pellets in turn are coated with the afore-entioned yeast or 30% by weight of such yeast is admixed¦with the soy powder prior to pélletizing.
¦ Mixtures of the farinaceous materials and protein ¦materials, especially vegetable protein materials may be ¦effected for example by substituting approximately 10% by weight o~ the grain flour previously described with soy powde~
¦and/or 10% by weight of yeast and the baked goods prepared ¦with this substitution. This combination of farinaceous ¦material with the vegetable protein material may also be ¦coated with the yeast previously described.
. - ~
10479ZS j ~ :
The moist animal food which is also combined with !
yeast in accord with the present invention i5 described in United States Patent No. 3,202,514 Burgess et al. such moist animal food generally comprising from about lS to about 30% by weight of moisture; from about 15 to abou~ 30 by weight of sugar, meat or meat by-products or meat meal or mixtures thereof as meat protein material; and vegetable protein material as described previously, all of these terms being further described in United States Patent 3,202,514 Burgess et al. along with other components employed in such moist animal food and the method for its manufacture. ;~ "
The ingesta of the invention comprising animal food are thus prepared from farinaceous materials, or ;`
proteinaceous materials or mixtures of farinaceous and proteinaceous materials. Where the ingesta comprises mix-tures of farinaceous and proteinaceous materials, anywhere from about 2% to about 98% by weight of farinaceous material , especially from about 5% to about 80~ by weight of farina- ~ ;~
ceous material is employed, the balance comprising protein- ";
aceous material. i;~;
The proteinaceous material, whether employed by itself or in combination with the farinaceous material may be vegetable protein or meat protein or mixtures of both vegetable protein and meat protein. Where mixtures compris-ing vegetable protein and meat protein are employed, the vegetable protein comprises anywhere from about 2~ to about -~
95~ by weight of the mixture and especially from about 5 to about 85% by weight of the mixture, the balance compris-ing meat protein. ;
. ,'~ , -6- ~ ~
-~047~Z5 : .
Since other ingredients may be used in the manufac-ture of the ingesta or are present therein such as water the farinaceous and/or proteinaceous materials will constitute ~anywhere from about 95% to about S~ by weight, especially from about 95~ to about 60% by wei~ht of the ingesta.
THe ingesta of the invention may be dry by which it is meant it may contain anywhere from about 5% to about 12% by weight of water based on the ingesta; or it may be moist by which it is meant it may contain anywhere from above about 12% to about 40~ by weight of water based on the in-gesta; or wet at 40% water.
The oral medicaments which may be used in combina-tion with the yeast according to the invention comprise those compositions and/or compounds in the Physician's Desk Refer- ;
ence, 29th Ed. (1974). The oral medicaments comprise inter alia compounds and/or~compositions generally known as ameb-icides and trichomonacides, analgesics, anorexics, anti-arthritics, antibacterials and antibiotics, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, anti-depressants, anti-histamines, anti-neoplastics, anti-Parkinsonism drugs, antipyretics, antispas-modics and anticholinergics, antiviral agents, ataractics, cardiovascular preparations, contraceptives, diuretics, fertili~y agent, hematinics, hormones, laxatives, parasympa-khetic agents and parasympathomimetics, psychostimulants, sedatives, sympathomimetics and combinations and thyroid preparations. Compounds and/or compositions within the aforementioned classes include inter alia the following generic materials; methamphetamine, methcyclothiazide, cephalexmin, cephaloglycin, cloxacillin, phenoxyethyl peni-cillin, erythromycin, pargyline, ephedrine, codeine, methy-cyclothiazide, metharbital, deserpidine, pentobarbital, isoproterenol, piperazine, estrone, hydrochlorothiazide~
~0479Z5 ethchlorvynol, chlorazepate, sulfamethizole, phenazopyri-dine, oxytetracycline, pentaerythritol tetramitrate, dieth-ylstilbestrol, l-hyoscyamine, ethaverine, pentylenetetrazol, griseofulvin, ampicillin, phendimetrazine, meprobamate, conjugated estrogens, testosterone, pralidoxime, dicloxa-cillin, isoniazid, methanamine mandelate, phenacetin, aspirin, caffeine, hydrocodone bitartrate, oxacillin, phentermine, bisacodyl NF, phenmetrazine, ephedrlne, glycer- ~:
yl guaiacolate, phenobarbital, theophylline, sulfonamide, phenoxymethyl penicillin, kanam~cin, tetracycline, heta- ::
cillin, metampicillin, aluminum glycinate, acetaminophen, salicylamide, methyltestosterone, bephenium hydroxynaph-thoate, erythrityl tetranitrate, procyclidine, digoxin, cyclizine trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, benz~l penicillin, papverine, hydralazine, allobarbital, acetaminophen, meth-androstenolone, dimethindene, xylometazoline, tolazoline, ;
tripenalennamine, reserpine, adiphenine, ethinamate, bella- ;~ I
donna, piperacetazine, rifampin, warfarin, promethazine, sulfinpyrazone, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, carbamaze- : ;
pine, imipramine, furosemide, glyceryl trinitrate, isopro-terenol, bromisovalum, pentylenetetrazol, isometheptene, oxyphenonium bromide, amantadine, lithlum carbonate, buty-rophenone, hydroxyzines, chorionic gonadotropin, menotropins, ayanocobalamin, dipyridamole, casanthranol, dioc~yl sodium sulfosuccinate, methylphenidate, thyroxine, amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam and sulfisoxazole.
The ingesta article of manufacture may be in the 1-shape of a kib which is a sphere, cylinder or cube or other three dimensional shape having a maximum dimension of from about 1/8" to about 3/4". The article of manufacture may ~" I ,," ," ,, ,,",,".,.. ,,,,,, ".,,,.,.,, ,.. , .,,, 104q9Z5 also be biscuit shaped, wafer shaped or any shape commonly used for animal food or orally-administered animal medicam-~ents. Biscuits may be anywhere Erom about l/2" to 2" indiameter and have a thickness of about 5~ to about 50% of the diameter. Wafers may be anywhere from about 1/2" to l about 6" in length~ about 1~2" to about 50% in width and have 1, a thickness of anywhere from about 5% to about 50% of the width. The ingesta may also be prepared as a continuous ¦cylindrical, triangular, rectangular etc. extrudate of about l/4" in diameter.
The yeast when combined with the ingesta as a coat-ing may be applied to all sides or only one side or any combination of sides of the ingesta. The coating may also be applied as stripes on the side of the ingesta or what will be defined herein as flavor channels which are grooves having a depth of from about 1% to about 20% of the maximum thicknes of the ingesta and are filled with the yeast coating~ A
continuous coating of yeast or flavor channels may be applied I
by continuous coextrusion of the ingesta and yeast through an ~`~
extrusion die.
The ingesta such as animal food or orally-adminis-tered animal medicaments are combined with greater than about 2~ by weight or anywhere from about 2~ to about 99~ by weight ~r~
o yeast either as a coating on the surface or in the flavor channels or in admixture with such ingesta where the afore-said weight percent of yeast is based on dry yeast, i.e., yeast having from about 3 to about 10% by weight of water.
In a further embodiment the ingesta of the invention have greater than about 5% and especially greater than about 7~ i~
or from about 5~ to about 99% especially from about 7% to -~
about 99% by weight of such yeast combined therewith as an admixture or coating.
_g_ ~:
10"'79Z5 Where the ingesta of the inventlon comprises orally-¦
¦administered medicaments, in addition to the Eoregoing ranges ~¦the yeast may also be combined with such medicament in an even I¦lesser amount such as, or example, in an amount greater than ¦¦about 0.5~, such as anywhere from about 0.5~ to about 99% by ¦¦weight, the lower concentrations being especially effective when applied as a coating on such medicament.
The prior art discloses that yeast may be employed -in animal food in concentrations up to about 0.5% as a B
vitamin supplement; however, when yeast is u.sed in admixture with animal food in such low concentrations it has no effect on improving the palatability of the animal food. Applicant 1~
has established by experiments that such animal food whether ;
dry animal food or moist animal food described in United States Patents 3,119,691 Ludington et al. and 3,202,514 Burgess et al. either have minimal palatability as dry animal ;~
food or lose palatability as in the case of moist animal food, but such palatability can be greatly enhanced by the use of greater than 0.5% by weight of yeast as a coating on such animal food.
By applying yeast as a surface coating to animal food or orally-administered medicaments in the ranges accord-lng to this invention even though a very small amount of yeast may be employed in terms o the weight percent o~ yeast ~;
in relation to the weight of the ingesta it is possible to obtain a substantially 100% yeast concentration on the sur-face of the ingesta and the yeast is able to function in the manner discovered according to the present invention, i.e., ac a compound that marXedly lmproves palatability.
: .
-10- ~' .. -. : ~ -:
;. - : ~ .-.
I When the yeast is employed in admixtures with the ingesta, palatability will be reduced by virtue of the dilution effect , of the ingesta on the yeast. Consequently, slightly higher ~ ;
concentrations of the yeast are preferred when it is combined with ingesta as an admixture.
By experimentation easily accomplished by a person ~ I`
with ordinary skill in the art, a minimum concentratio~ of yeast within the aforementioned ranges can be ascertained which will improve palatability and, accordingly, the afore-mentioned ranges of concentrations of yeast in combination with the ingesta represent the numerical parameters for the use of yeast as a compound to improve the palatability of oral ingesta. The yeast is therefore used in combination -with the ingesta in an amount sufficient to enhance the palatability and is readily distinguished from the prior art where yeast has been employed as an additive in such ;
small amounts that no palatability improvement has been ob- 1 tained because of the dilution factor which masked or hid the taste-enhancing ~ualities of the yeast.
Although the yeast in one embodiment is combined with the ingesta by itself the yeast may also be mixed with a binder, suah as fat, e.g., tallow fat, or other edible binders known in the food art such as, starch binders, pre-cooked potato ~lour, pre-gelatinized starch, pre-gelatinized ¦corn flour or the equivalent thereof, such as polymerized ¦alkylene oxides, e.g., ethylene oxide, carrgeenins, alginates, ¦~
¦ locust bean gum, gum karaya, gum tragacanth~and guar gum.
¦Carboxymethyl cellulose may also be employed in this regard.
¦ When the yeast is employed in combination with a binder ¦ anywhere from about 5~ to about 95% by weight, especially ~rom about 20~ to about 80% by weight of yeast to binder may be employed.
104~9Z5 ~ ~ ~
The following examples are illustrative:
l Example 1 A medicament was prepared for oral ',1 administration to be used in the control of round worms (toxascaris leonina) by admixing 0.25 oz. primary dried I yeast Saccharomyces cerévisiae with 0.0125 oz. of piperazine adipate. The medicament thus prepared was presented to a ~ common house cat and it was immediately consumed. Piperazine ¦ adipate was administered again to the animal in 30 days by preparing a medicament as described in this example however using 0.25 oz. primary dried torula yeast Torulopsis utilis and such medicament was immediately consumed.
Example 2 A preparation was made comprising a commercially-available cereal, rolled oatsj by adding 1 cup of oats to 2 cups of boiling water to which was added 1/8 teaspoon of salt. The preparation was cooled to room temper-ature (about 72F.) and a 2 02. portion presented to a com-mon house cat; however, the animal would not eat the prepara-tion. Two ou~ces of the preparation was then mixed with 0.5 oz. of dried torula yeast described in the previous example and the animal consumed the entire portion.
Example 3 In another experiment, approximately 3 oz. of dried aat food kibs that had been presented contin-uously ~o a common house cat for three days and which were not consumed were coateA with 10% by weight of dried (8%
water by wei~ht) secondary brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cer-evisiae, in the manner previously described. When the coated kibs were presented to the animal they were completely consumed. The animal was fed with supplementary table scraps for the aforementioned three-day period so that it ~ ;
would not be unduly hungry when presented with the yeast coated dry cat food kib.
Claims (13)
1. Oral ingesta for cats and dogs wherein said ingesta is combined with yeast in an amount sufficient to impart enhanced palatability to said ingesta, said yeast being selected from a member of the group consisting of ascomycetous yeasts and asporogenous yeasts, said yeast being a yeast per se or a yeast hydrolyzate and present in an amount from about 2% by weight to about 99% by weight based on said ingesta, said ingesta being selected from a member of the group consisting of proteinaceous food materials, farinaceous food materials or mixtures of proteinaceous and farinaceous food materials or animal medicaments.
2. The article of manufacture of Claim 1 where said yeast is selected from a member of the genera consisting of Endomycopsis, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces, Saccharomycodes, Saccharomycopsis, Schizosaccharomyces, Candida, Oosporidium, and Torulopsis.
3. The article of manufacture of claim 1 where said yeast comprises Torulopsis.
4. The article of manufacture of claim 1 where said yeast comprises Candida.
5. The article of manufacture of claim 1 where said yeast comprises Saccharomyces.
6. The article of manufacture of claim 2 where said ingesta comprises animal food selected from a member of the group consisting of: (1) a farinaceous material (2) a farinaceous material mixed with a proteinaceous material
7. The article of manufacture of claim 2 where said ingesta comprises an oral medicament.
8. A process for improving the palatability of oral ingesta for cats and dogs comprising combining said ingesta with yeast in an amount sufficient to impart improved palatability to said ingesta said yeast being selected from a member of the group consisting of ascomycetous yeasts and asporogenous yeasts, said yeast being a yeast per se or a yeast hydrolyzate and present in an amount from about 2% by weight to about 99% by weight based on said ingesta, said ingesta being selected from a member of the group consisting of proteinaceous food materials, farinaceous food materials or mixtures of proteinaceous and farinaceous food materials or animal medicaments.
9. The method of claim 8 where said yeast is selected from a member of the genera consisting of Endomycopsis, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomycodes, Saccharomycopsis, Schizo-saccharomyces, Candida, Oospiridium and Torulopsis.
10. The method of claim 8 where said yeast comprises Torulopsis.
11. The method of claim 8 where said yeast comprises Candida.
12. The method of claim 8 where said yeast comprises Saccharomyces.
13. The method of claim 9 where said ingesta comprises animal food selected from a member of the group consisting of:
(1) a farinaceous material (2) a farinaceous material mixed with a proteinaceous material
(1) a farinaceous material (2) a farinaceous material mixed with a proteinaceous material
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/598,993 US4118512A (en) | 1974-03-05 | 1975-07-25 | Yeast hydrolyzate oral ingesta for animals |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/448,208 US3997675A (en) | 1974-03-05 | 1974-03-05 | Cat food coated with ascomycetus or asporogenous yeasts |
| US05/463,314 US4000319A (en) | 1974-03-05 | 1974-04-23 | Coated comestibles |
| US47334774A | 1974-05-28 | 1974-05-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1047925A true CA1047925A (en) | 1979-02-06 |
Family
ID=27412360
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA220,133A Expired CA1047925A (en) | 1974-03-05 | 1975-02-14 | Oral ingesta for animals |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1047925A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2361908A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1489444A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2901138A1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-23 | Lesaffre & Cie | COMPOSITIONS OF PROBIOTIC MICROORGANISMS, GRANULES CONTAINING THEM, PROCESS FOR PREPARING THEM AND USES THEREOF |
| EP2070893A1 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-17 | DSMIP Assets B.V. | Improved coated fertilizer |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD88879A (en) * | ||||
| FR400217A (en) * | 1909-02-16 | 1909-07-21 | Henry Edmunds | Cookie enhancements for dogs |
| GB341077A (en) * | 1929-10-07 | 1931-01-07 | Louise Edith Dora Berkeley | Improvements in or relating to the preparation of food for dogs, puppies and the like |
| US2764487A (en) * | 1953-03-13 | 1956-09-25 | Lynferd J Wickerham | Nutritive yeast products |
| DE1297451B (en) * | 1964-04-23 | 1969-06-12 | Imsande Werner | Process for the production of a feed for dogs |
| GB1200583A (en) * | 1968-03-22 | 1970-07-29 | Ralston Purina Co | Hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid-containing materials |
| FR2214417A1 (en) * | 1973-01-19 | 1974-08-19 | Goujard Marie | Carbohydrate-free dog food - simulating biscuits and sweetmeats for humans which does not cause ill-health in animals |
-
1975
- 1975-02-14 CA CA220,133A patent/CA1047925A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-02-17 GB GB6622/75A patent/GB1489444A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-03-05 FR FR7506832A patent/FR2361908A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2361908B1 (en) | 1979-02-09 |
| FR2361908A1 (en) | 1978-03-17 |
| GB1489444A (en) | 1977-10-19 |
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