CA1047665A - Treatment of concrete - Google Patents
Treatment of concreteInfo
- Publication number
- CA1047665A CA1047665A CA257,761A CA257761A CA1047665A CA 1047665 A CA1047665 A CA 1047665A CA 257761 A CA257761 A CA 257761A CA 1047665 A CA1047665 A CA 1047665A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- parts
- solution
- component
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
- C04B41/48—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B41/483—Polyacrylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
- C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/62—Coating or impregnation with organic materials
- C04B41/63—Macromolecular compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The Specification described a process for the treatment of hardened concrete which comprises applying to the surface of the concrete, or compressing into the concrete, an aqueous solution containing:-a) a polymerisable component comprising at least one hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, the alkyl group of which contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the said polymer-isable component being present in an amount of 5 to 50%
by weight of the said solution;
b) a water-soluble compound of a polyvalent metal capable of forming a chelate with the polymer formed from the monomer (s) of component a) and;
c) a polymerisation accelerator comprising a soluble redox system. After application of the solution to the concrete, the polymerisable component polymerises on or near the surface of the concrete to form a water-repellent film which prevents or reduces the penetration of water into the concrete.
The Specification described a process for the treatment of hardened concrete which comprises applying to the surface of the concrete, or compressing into the concrete, an aqueous solution containing:-a) a polymerisable component comprising at least one hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, the alkyl group of which contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the said polymer-isable component being present in an amount of 5 to 50%
by weight of the said solution;
b) a water-soluble compound of a polyvalent metal capable of forming a chelate with the polymer formed from the monomer (s) of component a) and;
c) a polymerisation accelerator comprising a soluble redox system. After application of the solution to the concrete, the polymerisable component polymerises on or near the surface of the concrete to form a water-repellent film which prevents or reduces the penetration of water into the concrete.
Description
~L7fii~ ~
The present invention relates -to a process for the trea-tment of hardened concrete to improve the water-repe-llency thereo~. The term "concre-te" is used herein in a general sense -to include mixtures of hydrau~Lic binders and aggregates in general.
Processes have previously been proposed ~or improving the mechanical properties and corroision characteristics o~ blocks, construction units, coverings and the like made from hardened concrete by introducing synthe-tic resins therein. Proposals -~or combining concrete with synthetic resins include the production o~ so-called plastic mortars, i.e. mixtures of mineral building ma-ter-ials with a polymerisable monomer, the addition o~ syn-thetic resin dispersions or polymerisable monomer to hydraulically se-tting concrete, and the trea-tment o~
hardened concre-te with solutions of a polymer or with polymerisable monomers which are allowed to polymerise within the pores of the concrete.
A particular problem arises where it is necessary -to :
reduce the porosity of hardened concrete to9 ~or example, ., .
spring water or seepage watér. When the hardened con-crete can be treated with the sur~ace o~ the concre-te dry, impregnation can be e-~ected by applying a polymer .
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solution which ~orms a wa-ter-repellen-t film after evapor-ation of the solven-t. Alternatively, -the dry surface of -the concre-te may be saturated with a ca-talys-t-containing monomer, e.g., me-thyl methacr-ylate, which is then polymer-ised. This -treatment is however only sa-tisfactory when the surface of -the hardened concrete is dry, and when, for example, the concrete is in contact wi-th spring wa-ter or seepage water it is not always possible to provide a dry surface.
It is an object of -the present invention to provide a new and useful process -for the treatment of hardened concrete to improve the water-repellency thereo-f.
According to the present invention we provide a process for -the treatment of hardened concrete which comprises applying -to the surface of the concrete, or compressing into the concrete, and aqueous solution containing~
a) a polymerisable component comprising at least one hydroxy alkyl acrylate or methacrylate, the alkyl group of which contains 1 to ~ carbon a-toms, -the said polymeri sable componen-t being presen-t in an amoun-t of 5 -to 50%
by weight of -the said solution;
~Q~f~6S
.
b) a wa-ter-soluble compound of a polyvalent metal capable of forming a chelate with the polymer formed from the monomer(s) of component a); and c) a polymerisation accelerator comprising a soluble redox system.
If desired, omponent a) of the solution may further contain up to 100% (based on the welght of said hydroxy-alkyl acrylate or methacrylate) of at least one monomer ,' selected from acrylic and methacrylic acids, and alkali metal salts, amides, N-methylolamides and amino esters of such acids, with the proviso that the total wei'ght of component a) amounts to 5 to 50% by weight of the solution.
Examples of hydroxyalkyl esters which may be employed in component a) include 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate and the corresponding esters of methacrylic acid, Examples of'-the amino esters which may optionally be employed in component a) include amino-alkyl esters such as dimethylaminoethyl'(meth)acrylate and ;~ dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate.
By a suitable choice of the concentration of poly-merisable monomers in the above-mentioned aqueous solutlon, the redox system and the type and quantity of the chelate-, ~ - 4 ,~ ' . ,.
¢~s forming metal compound, on the one hand, and the porosity of the concrete, on the other hand, it ls possible~ having regard to the temperature of the concrete to be treated, to effect rapid penetration of the aqueous solution into the concrete, while avoiding substantially ineffectual "seepage" of the monomer in the concrete. We have found that by carrying out the process according to the inven-tion it is possible to form a synthetic resin film within a specific zone in the concrete, thls film acting as a secure harrier against water and moreover increasing the .
mechanical strength of the concrete within this zone. The depth of penetration of the synthetic rdsin into the concrete will~depend upon the porosity of the concrete and the concentration of the aqueous solution but will generally be~ from 2 to 50 mm The behaviour of the monomer solution to be introduced into the upper layer of the concrete can be followed, as a guide, by observing the behaviour of the same solution in a test tube: the "finished" solution e~g. having a compositlon given ln the following example, heats up after some time. Running parallel to the increase in viscosity caused by polymerisation, or overlying it, is the chelate .
formation, which yields a highly viscous jelly which, ` when heated strongly, changes into an elastic mass insoluble in water.
The aqueous solutions used advantageously contain ,:
- ~`476~iiS
10 to 50% of the polymerisable monomers referred to above.
As is known, the term "chelate" is understood to mean a cyclic compound wherein a metal with a lone pair of electrons or with an electron gap has participated in cyclisation. In the present case, thè normally linear macromolecules of the copolymers containing hydroxyl groups are cyclised by complex formation via a metal ion, whilst cyclisation occùrs via hydrogen bridges, Examples oE preferred metals include vanadium, molybdenum, ~
tungsten, manganese, iron and aluminium. However, when carrying out the process according to the mvention, it is particularly advantageous to use alkali metal or ammonium chromates or bichromates, since these surprisingly stabilise the monomers used, with the result that the aqueous solution of the monomers mentioned above can generally be stored, without special precautions, after adding a water soluble chromate or bichromate. The stabllising effect is nullified by the redox system added when the process is carried out and thus does not impede the progress of the polymerisation. The chelate-forming metal compounds are advantageously used in quantities of from 0.1 to lOV/o by weight, bas~d on the - ~
" : :
quantity of water processed.
The redox system employed should be one which is soluble in the liquid phase of the mass to be hardened, e.g. as with redox systems consisting of ammonium or potassium persulphate, on -the one hand, and formaldehyde, sodium sulphoxylate or triethylene -tetramine or dimethyl-aminopropanol, on the other hand.
The chelate forma-tion described above involves a cross-linklng reaction. In special cases, it may be desirable to intensify this ionic cross-linking by cross- -linking of the primary valence type, i.e. by adding a water soluble monomer con-taining at least two carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule -to the monomer mixtu~e in the aqueous solution. Me-thylene bis-acrylamide and methyacryl-amide are particularly preferred compounds for this purpose.
As already stated, the aqueous monomer solution to be used according to the invention may be applied to -the surface of the concrete and, when treating large areas, e.g., a factory floor, it may be distributed by means o~ -brushes or power sweepers. With thick-walled concrete structures, e.g. vertical pillars, it may be desirable to ` . `: ' ~ ' .
:' ' : ~ ' i - . .
' :' .
.
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make bore holes, e.g. 5 to lO mm in diameter and 50 mm deep, a-t regular intervals and to compress the aqueous monomer solution in-to the concrete, e.g. at a pressure of 5 to lO atmosphere.
The aqueous solu-tions used in -the process according to the inven-tion are new compositions and represent a further feature of the present invention.
The follo~ing Examples illustrate the invention:
EXAMPLES
The impregnation of concrete can be carried out with aqueous solutions of the compositions given in Examples 1 to 9.
1. 75g water 25g 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate lg of a 4% ammonium dichromate solu-tion 0.25g ammonium peroxydisulphate 0.25g formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxylate
The present invention relates -to a process for the trea-tment of hardened concrete to improve the water-repe-llency thereo~. The term "concre-te" is used herein in a general sense -to include mixtures of hydrau~Lic binders and aggregates in general.
Processes have previously been proposed ~or improving the mechanical properties and corroision characteristics o~ blocks, construction units, coverings and the like made from hardened concrete by introducing synthe-tic resins therein. Proposals -~or combining concrete with synthetic resins include the production o~ so-called plastic mortars, i.e. mixtures of mineral building ma-ter-ials with a polymerisable monomer, the addition o~ syn-thetic resin dispersions or polymerisable monomer to hydraulically se-tting concrete, and the trea-tment o~
hardened concre-te with solutions of a polymer or with polymerisable monomers which are allowed to polymerise within the pores of the concrete.
A particular problem arises where it is necessary -to :
reduce the porosity of hardened concrete to9 ~or example, ., .
spring water or seepage watér. When the hardened con-crete can be treated with the sur~ace o~ the concre-te dry, impregnation can be e-~ected by applying a polymer .
' ' ., ' .", .' ,.','' , ' :' ,:,' ' : :
' :' ~ .
'~
ÇJI6~
solution which ~orms a wa-ter-repellen-t film after evapor-ation of the solven-t. Alternatively, -the dry surface of -the concre-te may be saturated with a ca-talys-t-containing monomer, e.g., me-thyl methacr-ylate, which is then polymer-ised. This -treatment is however only sa-tisfactory when the surface of -the hardened concrete is dry, and when, for example, the concrete is in contact wi-th spring wa-ter or seepage water it is not always possible to provide a dry surface.
It is an object of -the present invention to provide a new and useful process -for the treatment of hardened concrete to improve the water-repellency thereo-f.
According to the present invention we provide a process for -the treatment of hardened concrete which comprises applying -to the surface of the concrete, or compressing into the concrete, and aqueous solution containing~
a) a polymerisable component comprising at least one hydroxy alkyl acrylate or methacrylate, the alkyl group of which contains 1 to ~ carbon a-toms, -the said polymeri sable componen-t being presen-t in an amoun-t of 5 -to 50%
by weight of -the said solution;
~Q~f~6S
.
b) a wa-ter-soluble compound of a polyvalent metal capable of forming a chelate with the polymer formed from the monomer(s) of component a); and c) a polymerisation accelerator comprising a soluble redox system.
If desired, omponent a) of the solution may further contain up to 100% (based on the welght of said hydroxy-alkyl acrylate or methacrylate) of at least one monomer ,' selected from acrylic and methacrylic acids, and alkali metal salts, amides, N-methylolamides and amino esters of such acids, with the proviso that the total wei'ght of component a) amounts to 5 to 50% by weight of the solution.
Examples of hydroxyalkyl esters which may be employed in component a) include 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate and the corresponding esters of methacrylic acid, Examples of'-the amino esters which may optionally be employed in component a) include amino-alkyl esters such as dimethylaminoethyl'(meth)acrylate and ;~ dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate.
By a suitable choice of the concentration of poly-merisable monomers in the above-mentioned aqueous solutlon, the redox system and the type and quantity of the chelate-, ~ - 4 ,~ ' . ,.
¢~s forming metal compound, on the one hand, and the porosity of the concrete, on the other hand, it ls possible~ having regard to the temperature of the concrete to be treated, to effect rapid penetration of the aqueous solution into the concrete, while avoiding substantially ineffectual "seepage" of the monomer in the concrete. We have found that by carrying out the process according to the inven-tion it is possible to form a synthetic resin film within a specific zone in the concrete, thls film acting as a secure harrier against water and moreover increasing the .
mechanical strength of the concrete within this zone. The depth of penetration of the synthetic rdsin into the concrete will~depend upon the porosity of the concrete and the concentration of the aqueous solution but will generally be~ from 2 to 50 mm The behaviour of the monomer solution to be introduced into the upper layer of the concrete can be followed, as a guide, by observing the behaviour of the same solution in a test tube: the "finished" solution e~g. having a compositlon given ln the following example, heats up after some time. Running parallel to the increase in viscosity caused by polymerisation, or overlying it, is the chelate .
formation, which yields a highly viscous jelly which, ` when heated strongly, changes into an elastic mass insoluble in water.
The aqueous solutions used advantageously contain ,:
- ~`476~iiS
10 to 50% of the polymerisable monomers referred to above.
As is known, the term "chelate" is understood to mean a cyclic compound wherein a metal with a lone pair of electrons or with an electron gap has participated in cyclisation. In the present case, thè normally linear macromolecules of the copolymers containing hydroxyl groups are cyclised by complex formation via a metal ion, whilst cyclisation occùrs via hydrogen bridges, Examples oE preferred metals include vanadium, molybdenum, ~
tungsten, manganese, iron and aluminium. However, when carrying out the process according to the mvention, it is particularly advantageous to use alkali metal or ammonium chromates or bichromates, since these surprisingly stabilise the monomers used, with the result that the aqueous solution of the monomers mentioned above can generally be stored, without special precautions, after adding a water soluble chromate or bichromate. The stabllising effect is nullified by the redox system added when the process is carried out and thus does not impede the progress of the polymerisation. The chelate-forming metal compounds are advantageously used in quantities of from 0.1 to lOV/o by weight, bas~d on the - ~
" : :
quantity of water processed.
The redox system employed should be one which is soluble in the liquid phase of the mass to be hardened, e.g. as with redox systems consisting of ammonium or potassium persulphate, on -the one hand, and formaldehyde, sodium sulphoxylate or triethylene -tetramine or dimethyl-aminopropanol, on the other hand.
The chelate forma-tion described above involves a cross-linklng reaction. In special cases, it may be desirable to intensify this ionic cross-linking by cross- -linking of the primary valence type, i.e. by adding a water soluble monomer con-taining at least two carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule -to the monomer mixtu~e in the aqueous solution. Me-thylene bis-acrylamide and methyacryl-amide are particularly preferred compounds for this purpose.
As already stated, the aqueous monomer solution to be used according to the invention may be applied to -the surface of the concrete and, when treating large areas, e.g., a factory floor, it may be distributed by means o~ -brushes or power sweepers. With thick-walled concrete structures, e.g. vertical pillars, it may be desirable to ` . `: ' ~ ' .
:' ' : ~ ' i - . .
' :' .
.
$
make bore holes, e.g. 5 to lO mm in diameter and 50 mm deep, a-t regular intervals and to compress the aqueous monomer solution in-to the concrete, e.g. at a pressure of 5 to lO atmosphere.
The aqueous solu-tions used in -the process according to the inven-tion are new compositions and represent a further feature of the present invention.
The follo~ing Examples illustrate the invention:
EXAMPLES
The impregnation of concrete can be carried out with aqueous solutions of the compositions given in Examples 1 to 9.
1. 75g water 25g 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate lg of a 4% ammonium dichromate solu-tion 0.25g ammonium peroxydisulphate 0.25g formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxylate
2. 75g water 4.2g acrylic acid 8.3g 2-dime-thylaminoethyl me-thacrylate 12.5g 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate lg of a ~% ammonium dichroma-te solu-tion 0.25g ammonium peroxydisulphate 0.25g formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxylate ;.
:
:
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:
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3, 75g water
4.7g methacrylic acid 7,8g 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate 12.5g 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : .
lg of a 4% ammoni~n dichromate solution O.25g ammoni~ peroxydisulphate 0.2g diet.hylol~p-toluidine 41 75g water : :
4.2g acrylic acid 8.3g 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate :-:
12,5g 2~hydroxypropyl acrylate lg of a 4% ammonium dichromate solution : .
0,25g potassium peroxydisul.phate 0.3g dimethylaminoEjropanol r 75g watel-4.2g acrylic acid ..
8,3g 2~dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate .;
12O5g 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate lg of a ~% ammonium dichromate solution .
0,25g ammonium peroxydisulphate 0.25g ~oxrrl~lclehyde/sod;um sulphoxylate 75g water ~ 9 ~ ~-.
~ ':
', , ,, . .. . ' `~
4.7 g methacrylic acid 7,8g 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate 12.5g 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate lg of a 4% ammonium dichromate solution 0.25g ammonium peroxydisulphate 0.25g formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxylate 7. 75g water 4.7g methacrylic acid 7.8g 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate 12.5g 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate lg of a 4% ammonium dichromate solution 0.25g ammonium peroxydisulphate 0.25g ormaledhyde/sodium sulphoxylate 8. 75g water 25g 2-hydroxethyl acrylate ;-lg of a 4% ammonium dichromate solution 0.25 g potassium peroxydisulphate 0.25g formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxylate ~ ; 9. 50g water 9.4g methacrylic acid 15.6g 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate 25g 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate g of a 10%~potasslum chromium sulphate solution :: ~ : ~ .
~:
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0.5g ammonium peroxydisulpha-te 0.5g formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxyla-te 10. 75g wa-ter 4.7g methylolme-thacrylamide 7.8g 2-dimethylaminoethyl me-thacrylate 12.5g hydroxye-thyl acryla-te lg of a 4% ammonium dichroma-te solu-tion 0.25g ammonium peroxydisulphate 0.25g formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxyla-te Im~egnation of concrete __ _ Slabs of concrete having an area ~f 30x30 cm -and a depth of 4cm, as are used in the construction of pavements, aré impreganted, by brushing, wi-th the above-mentioned impregnation solutions in an amount of 1 kg/m2. A~ter 1 hour the impregnated resin has poly-merised .
The slabs are tested as follows for water-porosity.
A glass cylinder, open at both ends, and having a diameter of 5 cms and a height of 20 cms is filled with water and placed on the surface of the concrete. The upper end of the cylinder is loosely covered to prevent losses by evaporation. With slabs -treated in accordance with ~e inven-tion, the wa~ter level in the cylinder remains.
.",, :
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~ 6 5 practically unchanged over periods oE Erom several weeks ;
to several months, i.e. the slabs are comple-tely impervious to-water, In coh~rast, with an untreated slab of concrete, the water in the cylinder runs away within about a minute.
With a slab prepared from a compact conc~ete with a relatively fine-grain additive; which has not been treated in accordance with the present invention, the water runs .
away within ~4 hours.
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~ 12 -,~... . .
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lg of a 4% ammoni~n dichromate solution O.25g ammoni~ peroxydisulphate 0.2g diet.hylol~p-toluidine 41 75g water : :
4.2g acrylic acid 8.3g 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate :-:
12,5g 2~hydroxypropyl acrylate lg of a 4% ammonium dichromate solution : .
0,25g potassium peroxydisul.phate 0.3g dimethylaminoEjropanol r 75g watel-4.2g acrylic acid ..
8,3g 2~dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate .;
12O5g 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate lg of a ~% ammonium dichromate solution .
0,25g ammonium peroxydisulphate 0.25g ~oxrrl~lclehyde/sod;um sulphoxylate 75g water ~ 9 ~ ~-.
~ ':
', , ,, . .. . ' `~
4.7 g methacrylic acid 7,8g 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate 12.5g 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate lg of a 4% ammonium dichromate solution 0.25g ammonium peroxydisulphate 0.25g formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxylate 7. 75g water 4.7g methacrylic acid 7.8g 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate 12.5g 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate lg of a 4% ammonium dichromate solution 0.25g ammonium peroxydisulphate 0.25g ormaledhyde/sodium sulphoxylate 8. 75g water 25g 2-hydroxethyl acrylate ;-lg of a 4% ammonium dichromate solution 0.25 g potassium peroxydisulphate 0.25g formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxylate ~ ; 9. 50g water 9.4g methacrylic acid 15.6g 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate 25g 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate g of a 10%~potasslum chromium sulphate solution :: ~ : ~ .
~:
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: ..
,:
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0.5g ammonium peroxydisulpha-te 0.5g formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxyla-te 10. 75g wa-ter 4.7g methylolme-thacrylamide 7.8g 2-dimethylaminoethyl me-thacrylate 12.5g hydroxye-thyl acryla-te lg of a 4% ammonium dichroma-te solu-tion 0.25g ammonium peroxydisulphate 0.25g formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxyla-te Im~egnation of concrete __ _ Slabs of concrete having an area ~f 30x30 cm -and a depth of 4cm, as are used in the construction of pavements, aré impreganted, by brushing, wi-th the above-mentioned impregnation solutions in an amount of 1 kg/m2. A~ter 1 hour the impregnated resin has poly-merised .
The slabs are tested as follows for water-porosity.
A glass cylinder, open at both ends, and having a diameter of 5 cms and a height of 20 cms is filled with water and placed on the surface of the concrete. The upper end of the cylinder is loosely covered to prevent losses by evaporation. With slabs -treated in accordance with ~e inven-tion, the wa~ter level in the cylinder remains.
.",, :
~ ~:
- 11 - ~ ,.
'''', ',.
".
:
~ 6 5 practically unchanged over periods oE Erom several weeks ;
to several months, i.e. the slabs are comple-tely impervious to-water, In coh~rast, with an untreated slab of concrete, the water in the cylinder runs away within about a minute.
With a slab prepared from a compact conc~ete with a relatively fine-grain additive; which has not been treated in accordance with the present invention, the water runs .
away within ~4 hours.
:,''' ~ .
.~ .
: .
,, . ' j:-,, : : ~
~ 12 -,~... . .
.
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.. . .
. ..: . , ~;... ' .
Claims (27)
1. A process for the treatment of hardened concrete which comprises applying to the surface of the concrete, or compressing into the concrete, an aqueous solution containing:-a) a polymerisable component comprising at least one hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, the alkyl group of which contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the said polymer-isable component being present in an amount of 5 to 50%
by weight of the said solution;
b) a water-soluble compound of a polyvalent metal capable of forming a chelate with the polymer formed from the monomer(s) of component a) and;
c) a polymerisation accelerator comprising a soluble redox system,
by weight of the said solution;
b) a water-soluble compound of a polyvalent metal capable of forming a chelate with the polymer formed from the monomer(s) of component a) and;
c) a polymerisation accelerator comprising a soluble redox system,
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein component a) of the solution further contains up to 100% (based on the weight of the said hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate)of at least one monomer selected from acrylic and methacrylic acids, and alkali metal salts, amides, N-methylol-amides and amino esters of said acids, provided that the total weight of component a) amounts to 5 to 50% by weight of the solution.
3. A process as claimed in claim 2 wherein component a) of the solution contains dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate or acrylate, or dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate or acrylate.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein component a) of the solution comprises 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate or methacrylate or 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate or methacrylate.
5. A process as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 and 4 wherein the solution contains 10 to 50% by weight of component a).
6. A process as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 and 4 wherein the said polyvalent metal compound comprises a vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron or aluminium compound.
7. A process as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 and 4 wherein the said polyvalent metal compound comprises a chromium compound.
8. A process as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 and 4 wherein the said polyvalent metal compound comprises an alkali metal or ammonium chromate or bichromate.
9. A process as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 and 4 wherein the said polyvalent metal compound is employed in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight of the water present in the solution.
10. A process as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 and 4 wherein the said redox system comprises ammonium or potassium persulphate in conjunction with formaldehyde/
sodium sulphoxylate, triethylene tetramine or dimethyl-aminopropanol.
sodium sulphoxylate, triethylene tetramine or dimethyl-aminopropanol.
11. A process as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 and 4 wherein the solution further contains a cross-linking water-soluble monomer containing at least two carbon-carbon double bonds.
12. A process as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 and 4 wherein the solution further contains a cross-linking monomer comprising methylene- bis-acrylamide or methylene-bis-methacrylamide.
13. A process as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 and 4 wherein the said solution is compressed into the concrete under a pressure of 5 to 10 atmospheres.
14. An aqueous solution for the treatment of hardened concrete, containing:-a) a polymerisable component comprising at least one hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, the alkyl group of which contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the said polymer-isable component being present in an amount of 5 to 50%
by weight of the said solution;
b) a water-soluble compound of a polyvalent metal capable of forming a chelate with the polymer formed from the monomer(s) of component a) and;
c) a polymerisation accelerator comprising a solution redox system.
by weight of the said solution;
b) a water-soluble compound of a polyvalent metal capable of forming a chelate with the polymer formed from the monomer(s) of component a) and;
c) a polymerisation accelerator comprising a solution redox system.
15. An aqueous solution as claimed in claim 14 wherein component a) of the solution further contains up to 100%
(based on the weight of the said hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate) of at least one monomer selected from acrylic and methacrylic acids, and alkali metal salts, amides, N-methylol-amides and amino esters of said acids, provided that the total weight of component a) amounts to 5 to 50% by weight of the solution.
(based on the weight of the said hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate) of at least one monomer selected from acrylic and methacrylic acids, and alkali metal salts, amides, N-methylol-amides and amino esters of said acids, provided that the total weight of component a) amounts to 5 to 50% by weight of the solution.
16. A solution as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15 wherein the solution contains 10 to 50% by weight of component a).
17. A solution as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15 wherein the said polyvalent metal compound comprises a chromium compound.
18. A solution as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15 wherein the said polyvalent metal compound comprises an alkali metal or ammonium chromate or bichromate.
19. A solution as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15 wherein the said polyvalent metal compound is employed in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight of the water present in the solution.
20. An aqueous solution as claimed in claim 15 consisting of 75 parts by weight water, 25 parts by weight 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 1 part by weight of a 4% by weight ammonium bichromate solution, 0.25 parts by weight ammonium peroxydisulphite and 0.25 parts by weight formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxylate.
21. An aqueous solution as claimed in claim 15 consisting of 75 parts by weight water, 4.2 parts by weight acrylic acid, 8.3 parts by weight 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 12.5 parts by weight 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 1 part by weight of a 4% by weight ammonium bichromate solution, 0.25 parts by weight ammonium peroxydisulphate and 0.24 formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxylate.
22. An aqueous solution as claimed in claim 15 consisting of 75 parts by weight water, 4.7 parts by weight methacrylic acid, 7.8 parts by weight 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 12.5 parts by weight 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 1 part by weight of a 4% by weight ammonium bichromate solution, 0.25 parts by weight ammonium peroxydisulphate and 0.2 parts by weight diethylol-p-toluidine.
23. An aqueous solution as claimed in claim 15 consisting of 75 parts by weight water, 4.2 parts by weight acrylic acid, 8.3 parts by weight 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 12.5 parts by weight 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 1 part by weight of a 4% by weight ammonium bichromate solution, 0.25 parts by weight potassium peroxydisulphate and 0.3 parts by weight dimethylaminopropanol.
24. An aqueous solution as claimed in claim 15 consisting of 75 parts by weight water, 4.7 parts by weight methacrylic acid, 7.8 parts by weight 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 12.5 parts by weight 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate or 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 1 part by weight of a 4% by weight ammonium bichromate solution, 0.25 parts by weight ammonium peroxydisulphate and 0.25 parts by weight formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxylate.
25. An aqueous solution as claimed in claim 15 consisting of 75 parts by weight water, 25 parts by weight 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 1 part by weight of a 4% by weight ammonium bichromate solution, 0.25 parts by weight potassium peroxydisulphate and 0.25 parts by weight formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxylate.
26. An aqueous solution as claimed in claim 15 consisting of 50 parts by weight water, 9.4 parts by weight methacrylic acid, 15.6 parts by weight 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 25 parts by weight 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2 parts by weight of a 10% by weight potassium chromium sulphate solution, 0.5 parts by weight ammonium peroxydisulphate and 0.5 parts by weight formaldehyde/sodium sulphoxylate.
27. An aqueous solution as claimed in claim 15 consisting of 75 parts by weight water, 4.7 parts by weight methylolmethacrylamide, 7.8 parts by weight 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 12.5 parts by weight hydroxyethyl acrylate, 1 part by weight of a 4% ammonium bichromate solution, 0.25 parts by weight ammonium peroxydisulphate and 0.25 parts by weight formaldehyde/
sodium sulphoxylate.
sodium sulphoxylate.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752536968 DE2536968A1 (en) | 1975-08-20 | 1975-08-20 | METHOD FOR NIGHTLY IMPRAEGNATION OF CONCRETE |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1047665A true CA1047665A (en) | 1979-01-30 |
Family
ID=5954346
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA257,761A Expired CA1047665A (en) | 1975-08-20 | 1976-07-26 | Treatment of concrete |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT367728B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1047665A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH605468A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2536968A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2321463A1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE424314B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3404951A1 (en) * | 1984-02-11 | 1985-08-14 | Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt | METHOD FOR COATING SUCTIONABLE SUBSTRATES WITH WET ADHESIVE PAINTING SYSTEMS |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT280133B (en) * | 1968-03-06 | 1970-03-25 | Roehm & Haas Gmbh | Mixture for coating the surface of mineral building materials, bitumen and asphalt coatings, etc. Like. And its use |
-
1975
- 1975-08-20 DE DE19752536968 patent/DE2536968A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1976
- 1976-05-11 AT AT0344476A patent/AT367728B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-06 FR FR7620583A patent/FR2321463A1/en active Granted
- 1976-07-26 CA CA257,761A patent/CA1047665A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-08-11 SE SE7608995A patent/SE424314B/en unknown
- 1976-08-12 CH CH1029676A patent/CH605468A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH605468A5 (en) | 1978-09-29 |
| DE2536968A1 (en) | 1977-03-03 |
| AT367728B (en) | 1982-07-26 |
| FR2321463A1 (en) | 1977-03-18 |
| SE7608995L (en) | 1977-02-21 |
| ATA344476A (en) | 1981-12-15 |
| SE424314B (en) | 1982-07-12 |
| FR2321463B1 (en) | 1982-12-31 |
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