CA1045496A - Filters for smoking articles - Google Patents
Filters for smoking articlesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1045496A CA1045496A CA267,065A CA267065A CA1045496A CA 1045496 A CA1045496 A CA 1045496A CA 267065 A CA267065 A CA 267065A CA 1045496 A CA1045496 A CA 1045496A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- band
- air
- rod
- perforations
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
- A24D3/043—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure with ventilation means, e.g. air dilution
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
A smoking article, for example a cigarette, comprises a tobacco rod and a self-bonded filter which is composed of fibrous or filamentary material containing a dispersion of activated carbon and is joined to the said rod by a tipping band of air-pervious material which permits an inflow of air, into the filter only, through the band of 23 to 86% of the puff volume, around at least a peripheral region of the filter spaced away from the end thereof adjacent to the end of the tobacco rod.
The band may be made of porous paper or of substantially non-porous material provided with perforations permitting the inflow of air.
A smoking article, for example a cigarette, comprises a tobacco rod and a self-bonded filter which is composed of fibrous or filamentary material containing a dispersion of activated carbon and is joined to the said rod by a tipping band of air-pervious material which permits an inflow of air, into the filter only, through the band of 23 to 86% of the puff volume, around at least a peripheral region of the filter spaced away from the end thereof adjacent to the end of the tobacco rod.
The band may be made of porous paper or of substantially non-porous material provided with perforations permitting the inflow of air.
Description
The invention is concerned with improvements re-lating to filters for smoking articles,particularly cigarettes.
Filters for tobacco smoke comprise two general types, those which remove the particulate phase of the smoke by mechanical means and those which reduce the volatile con-stituents of the smoke by adsorption on a suitable surface or by chemical reaction.
Filters are also known which will reduce both the particulate phase and the volatile phase to some extent, for example filters containing adsorbents. If these filters con-tain an adsorbent such as activated carbon, the latter commonly has an adverse effect on the taste. A filter which reduces the volatile phase, but has no adverse effect on the taste of tobacco smoke, is disclosed in the specification of our Canadian Patent No. 992830, dated July 13, 1976, and entitled "Filters for tobacco smoke". This result is achieved by sub-stantially preventing the smoke particles from contacting the carbon.
` 20 It is an object of the present invention to provide a smoking article, particularly a filter cigarette, which has a low delivery of volatile, as well as particulate, constituents, and which has a good taste.
According to the invention, a smoking article is provided with a filter composed of fibrous or filamentary material which contains a dispersion of activated carbon, the filter material being of self-bonded type, i.e. of a rod form which does not require to be held together by a wrapper, which filter is joined to the rod of smoking material of the article by a tipping band of air-pervious material, preferably paper, which permits an inflow of air through the band of 23% to 86% -of the puff volume, or approximately 8 cm3 to 30 cm3 per puff of 35 cm3 measured on a filter length of 15 mm, into the filter only, around at least a peripheral region of the filter spaced away from the end thereof adiacent to the end of the tobacco B
.
10~5496 rod. The band may be of porous paper, having a all-over porosity ranging from 1,000 to 15,000 cm3 min l(lOcmWG) 1 (lOcm ) 1 (Wiggins Teape method of porosity determination).
Alternatively, the tipping band may be provided with per-forations over its entire area or in one or more peripheral bands or rings of perforations, the ring or .................
- la -band, being preferably located at a distance from the end of the rod of smoking material of at least 2 mm. Suitably a total ventilation area of 0.1 to 7 m~2 per filter is thus provided.
Spacing a ring of holes slightly away from the smoking material utilizes the filtering material initially to the full extent for total particulate matter. Also it prevents turbulence which would occur if air is drawn to a space at the junction of smoking material and filter. Moreover, since the air inflow occurs through -filtering material, a better and more even control of the smoke path is achieved. This is also true with the filter wrapped in paper having all-over porosity. Generally, the pressure drop of the air path is higher near the tobacco end and lower near the mouth end.
The inflow cf air is therefore more effective nearer the mouth end.
The rod of smoking material, hereinafter refersed to as the tobacco ~od, will generally be composed of natural or reconstitut-ed tobacco, but could be a rod comprising or composed of tobacco substitute, i so required.
The carbon may be applied to the filter material while the latter is in tow form in known manner by means of a vibrating applicator. Suitably, a filter may cont~in 10 to 150 mg of carbon.
On smoking a cigarette throùgh such a filter, the flow conditlons are such that the inflow of air forces the smoke towards the central longitudinal axis of the filter~ so that the smoke itself will contact only a small proportion of the carbon particles present, namely th ose in the central region of the filter. The degree of off_ taste usually associated with carbon is therefore materially reduced.
However~ volatile constituents of the smoke will, at the same time~
dfffuse towards the carbon particles present in the filtering material outside the central region, where they will be adsorbed by the carbon, giving a reduction in the delivery of volatiles. Moreover, as the tobacco smoke is forced to pass at higher velocity through the central region, the smoke particles will have less contact with the carbon there, which also contributes to improvement in taste.
104S496 - ~-The diameter of the smoke path through the central region is controlled by the porosity of the tipping paper or by the size, number and location or perforations, including their distance from the tobacco end. Generally the central smoke path in the filter will decrease from a diameter, at the tobacco end, equal to or less than that of the filter to a smaller diameter at the mouth end, the latter diameter being generally within a range of from 1 to 4 mm.
The following Examples illustrate how the~invention may be carried out, reference being made to Figures 1 to 4 of the accompany-ing d$agrammatic drawing, each of which shows part of a cigarette, with filter attached~ in axial section.
Example l Referring to Figure 1, a filter was composed of a rod section 1~ 15 mm long~ of self-bonded, unwrapped cellulose acetate contain-ing 70 mg of carbon granules activated for gas adsorption and of a mesh size of 12-30 (British Standard Specification). The granules were present as a dispersion in the cellulose acetate tow and evenly distributed throughout the filter. The filter was attached to the tobacco rod 2 of a cigarette by a band 3 of naturally porous tipping paper having a porosity of 10~000 cm3 min 1 (lOcm2) 1 (lOcmWG) 1, giving an inflow of air of 27 cm3 per 35 cm3 puff, i.e. about 77%
of the puff volu~e~ through the tipping band into the filter. The band 3 overlapped the cigarette wrapping paper and was adhered there-to. ~n smoking the cigarette through this filter under the standard conditions of 1 puff volume~ through the tipping band into the filter. The duration, the filtration efficiency for aIdehydes was ascertained to be 45%. The smoke was found to be directed towards the centre of the filter by the air flowing in through the band 3. The actual path was apparent, on sectioning the filter, by the staining of the cellulose acetate, as indicated diagrammatically by the cross-hat~hing 4 in the figure. The smoke path at the mouth end had a diameter of about 2 mm. When tested by a panel of trained smokers, such cigarettes had improved taste compared with cigarettes having the same filter but wrapped in conventional manner.
~045496 Example 2 A filter composed of a similar section 1 of cellulose acetate containing a dispersion of carbon as in Example 1 was attach-ed to the tobacco rod 2, as shown in Figure 2, by a band 5 of substantially non-porous tipping paper provided over its whole area with electrostatically produced perforations to give again an inflow of air of 27 cm per puff. On smoking the cigarette through this filter, the filtration efficiency for aldehydes was again 45%.
The diameter of the smoke path 4 at the mouth end was 2 mm. An improvement in taste was again apparent.
Example 3 A filter identical with that of Example 1 was attached, as in Figure 1, to the tobacco rod 2 by a naturally porous paper tipping band 3 having a porosity of 1000 cm3 min 1 (lOcm2) (lOcmWG) . This gave an inflow of air through the band of 10 cm per puff, i.e. 28.5% of the puff volu~e. On smoking the cigarette through this filter, the filtration efficiency for aldehydes was ascertained to be 55%. The smoke was again found to be directed towards the centre of the filter, the smoke path 4 in this case having
Filters for tobacco smoke comprise two general types, those which remove the particulate phase of the smoke by mechanical means and those which reduce the volatile con-stituents of the smoke by adsorption on a suitable surface or by chemical reaction.
Filters are also known which will reduce both the particulate phase and the volatile phase to some extent, for example filters containing adsorbents. If these filters con-tain an adsorbent such as activated carbon, the latter commonly has an adverse effect on the taste. A filter which reduces the volatile phase, but has no adverse effect on the taste of tobacco smoke, is disclosed in the specification of our Canadian Patent No. 992830, dated July 13, 1976, and entitled "Filters for tobacco smoke". This result is achieved by sub-stantially preventing the smoke particles from contacting the carbon.
` 20 It is an object of the present invention to provide a smoking article, particularly a filter cigarette, which has a low delivery of volatile, as well as particulate, constituents, and which has a good taste.
According to the invention, a smoking article is provided with a filter composed of fibrous or filamentary material which contains a dispersion of activated carbon, the filter material being of self-bonded type, i.e. of a rod form which does not require to be held together by a wrapper, which filter is joined to the rod of smoking material of the article by a tipping band of air-pervious material, preferably paper, which permits an inflow of air through the band of 23% to 86% -of the puff volume, or approximately 8 cm3 to 30 cm3 per puff of 35 cm3 measured on a filter length of 15 mm, into the filter only, around at least a peripheral region of the filter spaced away from the end thereof adiacent to the end of the tobacco B
.
10~5496 rod. The band may be of porous paper, having a all-over porosity ranging from 1,000 to 15,000 cm3 min l(lOcmWG) 1 (lOcm ) 1 (Wiggins Teape method of porosity determination).
Alternatively, the tipping band may be provided with per-forations over its entire area or in one or more peripheral bands or rings of perforations, the ring or .................
- la -band, being preferably located at a distance from the end of the rod of smoking material of at least 2 mm. Suitably a total ventilation area of 0.1 to 7 m~2 per filter is thus provided.
Spacing a ring of holes slightly away from the smoking material utilizes the filtering material initially to the full extent for total particulate matter. Also it prevents turbulence which would occur if air is drawn to a space at the junction of smoking material and filter. Moreover, since the air inflow occurs through -filtering material, a better and more even control of the smoke path is achieved. This is also true with the filter wrapped in paper having all-over porosity. Generally, the pressure drop of the air path is higher near the tobacco end and lower near the mouth end.
The inflow cf air is therefore more effective nearer the mouth end.
The rod of smoking material, hereinafter refersed to as the tobacco ~od, will generally be composed of natural or reconstitut-ed tobacco, but could be a rod comprising or composed of tobacco substitute, i so required.
The carbon may be applied to the filter material while the latter is in tow form in known manner by means of a vibrating applicator. Suitably, a filter may cont~in 10 to 150 mg of carbon.
On smoking a cigarette throùgh such a filter, the flow conditlons are such that the inflow of air forces the smoke towards the central longitudinal axis of the filter~ so that the smoke itself will contact only a small proportion of the carbon particles present, namely th ose in the central region of the filter. The degree of off_ taste usually associated with carbon is therefore materially reduced.
However~ volatile constituents of the smoke will, at the same time~
dfffuse towards the carbon particles present in the filtering material outside the central region, where they will be adsorbed by the carbon, giving a reduction in the delivery of volatiles. Moreover, as the tobacco smoke is forced to pass at higher velocity through the central region, the smoke particles will have less contact with the carbon there, which also contributes to improvement in taste.
104S496 - ~-The diameter of the smoke path through the central region is controlled by the porosity of the tipping paper or by the size, number and location or perforations, including their distance from the tobacco end. Generally the central smoke path in the filter will decrease from a diameter, at the tobacco end, equal to or less than that of the filter to a smaller diameter at the mouth end, the latter diameter being generally within a range of from 1 to 4 mm.
The following Examples illustrate how the~invention may be carried out, reference being made to Figures 1 to 4 of the accompany-ing d$agrammatic drawing, each of which shows part of a cigarette, with filter attached~ in axial section.
Example l Referring to Figure 1, a filter was composed of a rod section 1~ 15 mm long~ of self-bonded, unwrapped cellulose acetate contain-ing 70 mg of carbon granules activated for gas adsorption and of a mesh size of 12-30 (British Standard Specification). The granules were present as a dispersion in the cellulose acetate tow and evenly distributed throughout the filter. The filter was attached to the tobacco rod 2 of a cigarette by a band 3 of naturally porous tipping paper having a porosity of 10~000 cm3 min 1 (lOcm2) 1 (lOcmWG) 1, giving an inflow of air of 27 cm3 per 35 cm3 puff, i.e. about 77%
of the puff volu~e~ through the tipping band into the filter. The band 3 overlapped the cigarette wrapping paper and was adhered there-to. ~n smoking the cigarette through this filter under the standard conditions of 1 puff volume~ through the tipping band into the filter. The duration, the filtration efficiency for aIdehydes was ascertained to be 45%. The smoke was found to be directed towards the centre of the filter by the air flowing in through the band 3. The actual path was apparent, on sectioning the filter, by the staining of the cellulose acetate, as indicated diagrammatically by the cross-hat~hing 4 in the figure. The smoke path at the mouth end had a diameter of about 2 mm. When tested by a panel of trained smokers, such cigarettes had improved taste compared with cigarettes having the same filter but wrapped in conventional manner.
~045496 Example 2 A filter composed of a similar section 1 of cellulose acetate containing a dispersion of carbon as in Example 1 was attach-ed to the tobacco rod 2, as shown in Figure 2, by a band 5 of substantially non-porous tipping paper provided over its whole area with electrostatically produced perforations to give again an inflow of air of 27 cm per puff. On smoking the cigarette through this filter, the filtration efficiency for aldehydes was again 45%.
The diameter of the smoke path 4 at the mouth end was 2 mm. An improvement in taste was again apparent.
Example 3 A filter identical with that of Example 1 was attached, as in Figure 1, to the tobacco rod 2 by a naturally porous paper tipping band 3 having a porosity of 1000 cm3 min 1 (lOcm2) (lOcmWG) . This gave an inflow of air through the band of 10 cm per puff, i.e. 28.5% of the puff volu~e. On smoking the cigarette through this filter, the filtration efficiency for aldehydes was ascertained to be 55%. The smoke was again found to be directed towards the centre of the filter, the smoke path 4 in this case having
2~ a diameter of 7 mm at the mid-length of the filter and 4 mm at the mouth end. Such cigarettes also had improved taste.
Example 4 A filter 1, again identical with that of Example 1, was attached, as in Figure 2, to the tobacco rod 2 by a tipping band ~ -5 of substantially non-porous tipping paper provided with electro-statically produced perforations to give a porosity of 10,000 and an inflow of air of 25 cm per puff, i.e. about 71% of the puff volume. ' The filtration efficiency for aiidhydes was ascertained to be 88%.
The dlameter of the smoke path 4 at the mid-length of the filter was 3 mm and 2 mm at the mouth end. The smoke had improved taste.
Example 5 An identical filter was attached to the tobacco rod 2, as in Pigure 1 by a naturally porous paper band 3 having a porosity - 1045~9~
of 10,000 and giving an inflow of air of 25 cm per puff, i.e. about 71% of the puff volume. The filtration efficiency for aldehydes was again 88%. The diameter of the smoke path 4 at the mid-length of the filter was 3.5 mm and at the mouth end 2.0 m~. The smoke had improved taste.
Example 6 An identical fllter 1 was attached to the tobacco rod 2, as in Figure 2, by a tipping band 5 provided with electrostatically produced perforations to give a porosity of 1000 and an inflow of air of 8 cm3 per puff, i.e. about 23~h of the puff volume. The filtration efficiency for aldehydes was 55/O~ The diameter of the smoke path 4 at the mid-length of the filter was 7 mm and 4 m~ at the mouth end. An improvement in taste was observed.
Example 7 An identical filter 1 was attached to a cigarette by a tipping band 6 provided around its periphery with one ring of 32 ventilation holes 7, of 0.25 x 0.25 mm size as shown in Figure 3.
This ring of holes was spaced from the adJacent end of the filter 1 by a distance a of 2 mm. The iinflow of air was 26 cm3 per puff, i.e. about ~4% of the puff volume. The filtration efficiency for aldehydes was 80%. The diameter of the smoke path, of substantially the shape 8 shown in Figure 3, at the tobacco end was reduced to 3 mm.
At about the mid-length of the filter and at the mouth end, the diameter was about 2 mm. The smoke had improved taste.
Example 8 An identical filter 1 was attached to the tobacco rod 2 by a tipping band 9 provided peripherally with two rings,~each of 32 holes of 0.25 x 0.25 mm sire, of holes 7,7' as shown in Figure 4, giving an inflow of air of 28 cm3 per puff, i.e. about 80% of the puff volume. The ring of holes 7 was positioned as in Figure 3 and the holes 7' at a further distance b of 3 mm. The filtration efficiency for aldehydes was 90%. The diameter of the smoke path , ' , . ' . , :' ' :
104S~96 was 4 mm at the tobacco end near the rings and 1.5 mm at about the mid-length and at the mouth end. An improvement in taste was again apparent.
Larger numbers of rings of holes may be provided. In all cases, the first ring of holes 7 should be at a distance a of at least 2 mm form the adjacent end of the filter 1 and subsequent rings at least 0.5 mm fr~m the preceding ring.
Example 4 A filter 1, again identical with that of Example 1, was attached, as in Figure 2, to the tobacco rod 2 by a tipping band ~ -5 of substantially non-porous tipping paper provided with electro-statically produced perforations to give a porosity of 10,000 and an inflow of air of 25 cm per puff, i.e. about 71% of the puff volume. ' The filtration efficiency for aiidhydes was ascertained to be 88%.
The dlameter of the smoke path 4 at the mid-length of the filter was 3 mm and 2 mm at the mouth end. The smoke had improved taste.
Example 5 An identical filter was attached to the tobacco rod 2, as in Pigure 1 by a naturally porous paper band 3 having a porosity - 1045~9~
of 10,000 and giving an inflow of air of 25 cm per puff, i.e. about 71% of the puff volume. The filtration efficiency for aldehydes was again 88%. The diameter of the smoke path 4 at the mid-length of the filter was 3.5 mm and at the mouth end 2.0 m~. The smoke had improved taste.
Example 6 An identical fllter 1 was attached to the tobacco rod 2, as in Figure 2, by a tipping band 5 provided with electrostatically produced perforations to give a porosity of 1000 and an inflow of air of 8 cm3 per puff, i.e. about 23~h of the puff volume. The filtration efficiency for aldehydes was 55/O~ The diameter of the smoke path 4 at the mid-length of the filter was 7 mm and 4 m~ at the mouth end. An improvement in taste was observed.
Example 7 An identical filter 1 was attached to a cigarette by a tipping band 6 provided around its periphery with one ring of 32 ventilation holes 7, of 0.25 x 0.25 mm size as shown in Figure 3.
This ring of holes was spaced from the adJacent end of the filter 1 by a distance a of 2 mm. The iinflow of air was 26 cm3 per puff, i.e. about ~4% of the puff volume. The filtration efficiency for aldehydes was 80%. The diameter of the smoke path, of substantially the shape 8 shown in Figure 3, at the tobacco end was reduced to 3 mm.
At about the mid-length of the filter and at the mouth end, the diameter was about 2 mm. The smoke had improved taste.
Example 8 An identical filter 1 was attached to the tobacco rod 2 by a tipping band 9 provided peripherally with two rings,~each of 32 holes of 0.25 x 0.25 mm sire, of holes 7,7' as shown in Figure 4, giving an inflow of air of 28 cm3 per puff, i.e. about 80% of the puff volume. The ring of holes 7 was positioned as in Figure 3 and the holes 7' at a further distance b of 3 mm. The filtration efficiency for aldehydes was 90%. The diameter of the smoke path , ' , . ' . , :' ' :
104S~96 was 4 mm at the tobacco end near the rings and 1.5 mm at about the mid-length and at the mouth end. An improvement in taste was again apparent.
Larger numbers of rings of holes may be provided. In all cases, the first ring of holes 7 should be at a distance a of at least 2 mm form the adjacent end of the filter 1 and subsequent rings at least 0.5 mm fr~m the preceding ring.
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIM ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A smoking article comprising a tobacco rod and a self-bonded filter which is composed of fibrous or filamentary cellulose-acetate material containing a dispersion of activated carbon and is joined to the said rod by a tipping band of air-pervious material which, when smoke is drawn into the filter from the said rod during smoking, permits an inflow of air through the band of 23 to 86% of the puff volume, into the said material only, around peripheral region of the filter spaced away from the end thereof nearer to the end of the tobacco rod.
2. An article according to claim 1, wherein the band is made of porous paper having an air porosity within the range from 1000 to 15,000 cm3 min-1(10cmWG)-1(10cm2)-1.
3. An article according to claim 1, wherein the band is made of substantially non-porous material provided with perforations permitting the said inflow of air.
4. An article according to claim 3, wherein the perforations are electrostatically produced perforations.
5. An article according to claim 1, wherein the band is provided with at least one ring of perforations encircling the filter and spaced away from the adjacent end of the tobacco rod.
6. An article according to claim 5, wherein said one ring of perforations is at a distance of at least 2 mm from the said end of the tobacco rod.
7. An article according to claim 5, including at least two said rings of perforations of which the first is at a distance of at least 2 mm from the said end of the tobacco rod.
8. An article according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the filter contains 10 to 150 mg of carbon granules evenly distributed throughout the said fibrous or filamentary material.
9. A smoking article which comprises, a tobacco rod having first and second ends and a filter which is composed of fibrous or filamentary cellulose acetate material containing a dispersion of activated carbon joined to one end of the rod by a tipping band of air-pervious material which permits an inflow of air, through the band, of 23 to 86% of the puff volume into the filter material, only, whereby upon combustion the smoke from the combusted rod directed through the filter material is guided towards the central region of the filter and the carbon off-taste is reduced.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB51922/75A GB1533568A (en) | 1975-12-18 | 1975-12-18 | Filters for smoking articles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1045496A true CA1045496A (en) | 1979-01-02 |
Family
ID=10461941
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA267,065A Expired CA1045496A (en) | 1975-12-18 | 1976-11-25 | Filters for smoking articles |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5279099A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU503990B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE849482A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7608510A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1045496A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH604577A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2654698A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK568676A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI63167C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1533568A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7613432A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA766954B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4174719A (en) * | 1977-06-29 | 1979-11-20 | Olin Corporation | Microperforated filter tip cigarette |
| US4232574A (en) * | 1977-08-19 | 1980-11-11 | Liggett Group Inc. | Apparatus and method for providing a cigarette filter with an aeration groove |
| US4294265A (en) * | 1980-04-04 | 1981-10-13 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Filter cigarette with inlet vent zones |
| GB9214267D0 (en) * | 1992-07-04 | 1992-08-19 | British American Tobacco Co | Improvements relating to smoking articles |
| GB9321536D0 (en) * | 1993-10-19 | 1993-12-08 | British American Tobacco Co | Smoking articles |
| JP5901641B2 (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2016-04-13 | セラニーズ アセテート，エルエルシー | Smoke filter for smoking utensils comprising a porous material with carbon particle loading and enclosed pressure drop |
-
1975
- 1975-12-18 GB GB51922/75A patent/GB1533568A/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-11-22 ZA ZA766954A patent/ZA766954B/en unknown
- 1976-11-25 CA CA267,065A patent/CA1045496A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-25 AU AU20014/76A patent/AU503990B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-12-01 FI FI763453A patent/FI63167C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-12-02 NL NL7613432A patent/NL7613432A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-12-02 DE DE19762654698 patent/DE2654698A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-12-06 CH CH1531676A patent/CH604577A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-12-13 JP JP51150244A patent/JPS5279099A/en active Pending
- 1976-12-16 BE BE173327A patent/BE849482A/en unknown
- 1976-12-17 DK DK568676A patent/DK568676A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-12-17 BR BR7608510A patent/BR7608510A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR7608510A (en) | 1977-12-20 |
| FI763453A (en) | 1977-06-19 |
| FI63167B (en) | 1983-01-31 |
| JPS5279099A (en) | 1977-07-02 |
| DK568676A (en) | 1977-06-19 |
| CH604577A5 (en) | 1978-09-15 |
| AU503990B2 (en) | 1979-09-27 |
| AU2001476A (en) | 1978-06-01 |
| BE849482A (en) | 1977-04-15 |
| ZA766954B (en) | 1977-10-26 |
| DE2654698A1 (en) | 1977-06-30 |
| GB1533568A (en) | 1978-11-29 |
| FI63167C (en) | 1983-05-10 |
| NL7613432A (en) | 1977-06-21 |
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