CA1044062A - Anti-skid wear and stress resisting road marking tape material - Google Patents
Anti-skid wear and stress resisting road marking tape materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1044062A CA1044062A CA276,210A CA276210A CA1044062A CA 1044062 A CA1044062 A CA 1044062A CA 276210 A CA276210 A CA 276210A CA 1044062 A CA1044062 A CA 1044062A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- tape material
- fact
- material according
- layers
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
- E01F9/576—Traffic lines
- E01F9/578—Traffic lines consisting of preformed elements, e.g. tapes, block-type elements specially designed or arranged to make up a traffic line
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Multi-layer road surface making tape material of the type comprising, when applied on and secured to a roadway pavement, an upper wear-resisting and anti-skid layer and a lower primer layer for firm attachment to the pavement. Between the upper and lower layers, is provided at least an intermediate relatively thin, pliable essentially inextensible and tensionally resistant intermediate layer compatible with and intimately connected to both the layers for distributing and transferring over a large primer layer-roadway pave-ment interfacial area horizontally directed stresses tangentially applied to the anti-skid upper layer at localized upper layer-vehicle wheel treads interfacial area.
Multi-layer road surface making tape material of the type comprising, when applied on and secured to a roadway pavement, an upper wear-resisting and anti-skid layer and a lower primer layer for firm attachment to the pavement. Between the upper and lower layers, is provided at least an intermediate relatively thin, pliable essentially inextensible and tensionally resistant intermediate layer compatible with and intimately connected to both the layers for distributing and transferring over a large primer layer-roadway pave-ment interfacial area horizontally directed stresses tangentially applied to the anti-skid upper layer at localized upper layer-vehicle wheel treads interfacial area.
Description
This invention relates to road surface marking tape materials for use on roadway pavements so as to provide a traffic regulating indicium thereon, such as traffic lane dividing lines, road lane edges defining lines and so on. More particularly, this ~nvention relates to prefabricated tape materials having wear-re-sisting properties, and principally (as far as the invention is con-cerned) anti-skid properties, provided by the ract that the material ;
has a smooth highly wear resisting planar surface layer and a plural-ity of hard crystalline particles at least some of which include an upper portion extending outwardly from the upper face of said layer to impart good anti-skid properties to said face for vehicle traffic safety. The tape material concerned with the invention being also of the kind designed to be applied on and secured to the roadway pave-ment by means of lower "primer" layer best suitable for its anchorage with the pavement.
This art is a well known and worked one and several improvements had been made thereto. A number of Patents had been issued to the present applicant thereabout. Reference is herein made to the U.S. Patents Nos. 3,872,843 and 3,935,365 (corresponding to 20 British Patent Specifications No. 1,359,036 and respecvively 1,463,681 and to published German Patent Applications P 21 30 529.3 and P 24 o3 398.5) for more complete acknowledgement of such prior art and of the problems concerned therewith.
One important problem descends from the most desirable anti-skid property of the material. The upper surface of the tape in service is firmly engaged by the vehicle wheel treads and therefore powerful thrusts occur to be applied tan~etially on the said surface (the term "tangentially" refers to the wheel tread where contacting the surface, that is directed in the plane defined by said surface), 30 extremely powerrul forces can be for example originated by a heavy and/or fastly travelling vehicle engaged in an emergency braking or by the centrifugal force during a curve. These thrusts tend to --1-- ,~~'.D
displace the tape in the direction of the force, that is cause the tape material to "slide" on the road pavement, detaching sald tape ~-from said pavement.
On the other hand such powerful thrusts are applied on the tape surface at a rather small surface area thereof, that is at the wheel tread tape surface interface- Now, the tape material i5 `. .
secured to the (generally bitumen based) roadway pavement by means Or an essentially plastic composition, even if the primer layer com-prises completely hardened bituminous components. The resistance to said tendency of hori~ontally displacin~ the tape, under said thrusts can provided at the tape material-road pavement interface (nore ,;
properly, interlayer) at a very greater interfacial area.
- In the pratical service of said road marking tapes, as known to those skilled in the art, a tangentially applied powerful thrust can cause and frequently causes a localized damage to the ~tape material, which locally flakes off and wrinkles up, and sometimes is torn apart.
Complemental problems concern the desirable provision of tape material of small overall thickness (both for economy reasons and for limiting its overall height or protrusion from the actual road pavement surface) and the difficulty and hard and fatiguering operation of removing, when necessary, a properly applied and secured marking tape from the road pavement, for example when the location of the marking is to be modified.
It is therefore an ob~ect of this invention to provide a new and improved tape material which is not subJect to the above and other ob~ectlons. In other words, it is an ob~ect of this invention to properly and satisfyingly solve the above and other problems.
Accordiny to the present invention, there is provided a multi-layer road surface marking tape material of the type comprisin~, when applied on and secured -to a roadway pavement, ..
~ 2~
;; .. . ' : . ':
iO ~
an upper wear-resisting and anti-skid layer and a lower primer layer for firm attachment to the pavement;, characterized by comprising, between the upper and lower layers, at least an intermediate relatively thin, pliable~essentially inextensible and tensionally resistant intermediate layer compatible with and intimately connected to both the layers for distributing and transferring over a large primer layer-roadway pavement interfacial area horizontally clirected stresses trangetially applied to the anti-skid upper layer at localized upper layer-vehicle wheel treads interfacial areas.
According to an embodiment of the invention, tne said intermediate layer consists of a film of highly tensionally resistant polymeric resin. Preferably, said intermediate layer consists of a polyester film from 0.02 to 0.3 mm thick.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the said intermediate layer consists of a highly tensionally resistant resin impregnated non-woven fibrous structure. Prefera-bly, said fibrous structure is impregnated at its portions adjacent to the upper and respectively to the lower layer by the same compounds comprised in said layers.
The said non-woven structure consists of fibers made .. . . . . .
. . . , - :.
. ' ' . . , ~ , . , :' ':' ` . . ~ ' of any suitable fiber forming synthetic composition capab].e of providing essentially inextensible and highly tensionally resist-ant fiber, such as polyester. The same structure can also be made of glass fibers. In such occurence., the fibrous structure can be suitably impregnated with a synthetic rubbery or elasto-meric composition for minimizing the brittleness of the fibers. ~-According to a complemental advantageous reature Or the invention, the new tape material Or the invention can be ` ~ .
easily removed from the road pavement at the extent necessary for ~ -obliterating the marking, by inserting and displacing a heated blade at the level of the lower or of intermediate layer, when made of heat meltable material) for separating the marking forming upper layer from the roadway pavement contacting lower or primer ..
layer. The said upper layer can be recovered for subsequent ~:
application and use.
These and other features and advantages of the :
invention will be made best apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatical, fragmentary, partly sectional perspective view of a tape materi.al according ~.
to the invention, applied on and secured to a roadway pavement; .
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the components of the -.-material of FIG. 1, the intermediate layer forming component . .-.
being shown to illustrate two alternative embodiments thereof;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatical side view and partly a !~ :
sectional view of a mechanism adapted f.or remov:lng the material from the roadway pavement;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view illustration a combination .-~
of certain components of the structure, before and after the assembling thereof;
FIG. 4A is a view similar of that of the righthand .
. . .
part of FIG. 4 and illustrates a modified combination; and FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are views similar to that of FIG. 4 and illustrate further modified combinations, including thermoplastic components preferably comprising bituminous and/or epoxy-bituminous components.
In its broadest aspect, the tape material according to the invention comprises the combination and the arrangement of components as shown in FIG. 1. When properly laid on and ~ -secured to the surface Or a rodaway pavement generally indicated at T, by means of a "primer layer" (this term is of current use in the art, as being conventionally referred to a layer which is formed on the pavement surface, preparatory to laying the ~
tape material thereon) of substantially bituminous nature, the -road surface marking material gas has an upper face 16 which defines ~ -the sign. Said lower or primer layer is generally indicated at P.
Such upper race 16 is embodied by an upper layer S
having a high resistance to wear and formed by a higly resistant polymer, such as a polyester or a polyamide resin, and preferably of a polyurethane resin, and consists Or a layer of thickness preferably comprised between 0.4 and 1.0 mm. This upper face 16 is made "anti-skid" by embedding into said layer hard particle, preferably crystals or microcrystals of a substance having a hardness at least Or and preferably greater than 6 on the Mohs' Hardness Scale, such as of quartz, aluminum sllicofluoride, aluminum sesquioxide and preferably carborundum. Some partially protruding particles are diagrammatically shown and indicated at 20 in FIGS. 1 and 2.
The upper layer can be also provided, according to the art, with light retroreflective elements, generally spheroidal, part of which are also shown and indicated at 22.
According to the invention, the said upper layer S
- and the said lower or primer layer P are interconnected by an .. ~ . - :. .
, intermediate layer which is pliable ~for best adaptation of the tape material to the road pavement T unevenness, and for admitting the winding of the material into coils or bobbins, ror storage and/or transportation), essentially inextensible and having a great reslstance to tension. Such intermediate layer can comprise a sheet of suitable substance, such as indicated at 24, or comprise a non-woven fibrous structure, as indicated at 24~ in the righthand portion of FIG. 2.
The described multi-layer structure comprises in at least one of its layers thermoplastic components. This provision can be made use of for easily detaching the tape from the road pavement by making use of a simple apparatus such as illustrated in FIG. 3, and generally indicated at 30. Such apparatus comprises a truck which can be displaced in direction A along the tape to be removed. The frame structure 32 of said truck `
supports a blade-like tool 34 positioned for engagement and lengthwise insertion into and below the tape material, at a level intermediate its upper layer (generally indicated at S in FIG. 3, ~ `
for simplicity) and the lower pavement engaging face of the primer layer P.
'.,:. ' The blade tool 34 is heated for example by a burner 36 and the upper layer portion of the detached tape material can be pull up along a sloping support 40 by a recovery bobbin 42. Said upper layer portion, generally indicated at Ss, thus recovered, can be further made use of. This provides a substantial saving because the upper layer Sp is as a matter Or fact the most costly component of the product, in particular when provided with a substantial amount Or corundum crystals and~or o~ retroreflective ~- -elements. The apparatus is complemented by the provision Or a fuel source, such as a bottle 38 containing liquified gas and, ir desired, with a source of power, such as an internal combustion engine3 for driving the truck and/or rotating the mandrel about which the bobbin ^~44~J~f~
42 is wound.
Various arrangements and interactions of the layers in a multi-layer structure in which the intermediate layer comprises ~ -a non-woven fibrous impregnated structure will be now briefly described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 8 inclusive. Such arrange-ments comprise preferably but not exclusively a fibrous structure formed with glass fibers.
It has been ~ound that binder agents consisting of bituminous or epoxy-bituminous compounds are well compatible with and intimately penetrate into such fibrous structures. Upon ~uxtaposition of a layer Sp of resinous substance, such as polyure-thane, on a fibrous layer, another substantial interpenetration occurs. This greatly improved the bond between the various layers.
Further, the fibrous intermediate layer ls generally preliminarily impregnated preparatory to the layer ~uxtaposition, and the various still liquid or viscous and not yet set compounds either forming the upper layer and/or lower layer and impregnating the intermediate viscous layer intermix at the layers' lnterfaces and thereabout for further improving the bond and the structural even if heterogeneous unitarity Or the multi-layer structure.
Thus, as diagrammatically shown in FIG. 4, the ~uxtaposi-tion of the components Of the upper layer Sp and or the intermediate non-woven layer Snt yields to forming of a mixed (and possibly a chemically interreacted) interlayer Sp~Snt improving the bond.
FIG. 4A diagrammatically indicates that the upper layer Sp can be preliminarily formed as a calendered sheet and then coupled to the fibrous layer under pressure and vulcanlzation process.
The ~iagram of FIG. 5 visualized the interlocation Or - a sheet F of a flexibilizing and/or waterproofing agent between the upper layer forming component Sp and the non-woven structure Snt.
In the compound product (lefthand part of the FIGURE) a plurality Or interlayers is therefore formed, such as generally indicated at ..
. . ~ .
Sp~F and F+Snt. Correspondingly, as indicated in the diagram Or ~IG. 6, an interlayer of crossed impregnation PtSnt can be formed between the impregnated fibrous layer Snt and the primer layer P. FIG. 7 depicts the formation of two interlayers Sp~Snt and F~P resulting from the interposition of the said ~lexibilizing and/or waterproofing agent F between the non-woven layer and the primer layer P. FIG. 8 ~inally illustrates a deep intercrossed impregnation which involves nearly the entire thickness of the fibrous layer Snt, by part of both the compounds Or the upper layer Sp and the primer layer P. The substances and compounds adapted for providing such interrelations will be commented in the following Examples. ;
Example 1 `,~ -This Example refers to the manufacture of a multi-layer tape material including an intermediate layer 34 consisting of a resinous film from 0.03 to 0.3 millimeters thick. This material corresponds to the combination shown in the lerthand portion of FIG. 2. In this structure it is critical that the upper layer Sp will be intimately and firmly bonded to the intermediate film. ``
Assuming that such film is made of a polyester resin, the wear resisting upper layer can be made Or a polyester composition as -~
follows tin percent by weight):
Polyester resin (such as "Dynapol S 206", by Dynamit Nobel A.G.) 56%
Methylethylketone 34 Titanium dioxide 10% "~
Example 2 This Example refer to rorming a primer layer well adapted to provide a firm bond with an intermediate layer as above, by a two-component (A and B) composition, as follows (in parts by weight):
''A" Solid oxidized bitymen parts 17 :
~ -8-Epoxy Tar (tar for e~p~oxy resins) parts 10 Synthetic rubber (such as "R.T.V.
Rubber", by Polysar Canada) parts 24 Colloidal silica (such as "Aerosil" parts 2 Epoxy resin (such as "Araldite 250", by Ciba) parts 42 B'' Solid 40/50 bitumen parts 17 Epoxy Tar parts 15 Cresylic Acid parts 5 Polyamide resin tsuch as "Versamid 140") parts 36 Kaolin parts 27 Accelerator for the Epoxy Resin Or Component "A" (such as "D.M.P. 30") parts 2 The follosing Example refer more specifically to the manufacture Or tape material comprising a fibrous intermediate layer.
In general, the said fibrous intermediate layer comprises a non-woven fabric of weight comprised between 50 and 250 g/sq.meter, which is impre~nated and sub~ect to uniform pressure, by calendering for example, for providing a structure preferably of thickness less than one millimeter; a thickness comprised between 0.3 and 0.6mm is preferred, so that the coupling of the upper layer (which includes abrasive and retroreflective elements) and on the intermediate layer forms a multi-layer of thickness generally slightly above one millimeter. This feature is advantageous in view of the cost, pliableness and lightweight of the material to be laid on a prepared primer layer.
The impregnation of the fibrous structure is preferably made by making use of impregnating compound having, when completely set, a substantial resiliency. These compounds comprise preferably but not~critically epoxy resins, epoxy-urethane resins epoxy-nitrile resins, polyester resins and, more preferably, combinations of epoxy -,: , ' ' . ' '-,,.;' , :. ' ,~ ' ' .. , , , . . , ,~ , ............... . . .
: : . :.
:' . ~ : :;. ' . . ,. ;
resins and of synthetic in particular nitrile rubbers. The impregnating compound, added to suitable accelerator agents, is applied as a solution and heat processecl, when the impregnation has been completed, to provide a stable waterproof and highly resistant structure.
Example 3 A non-woven fabric Or polyester fibers weight 75 g/sp.
meter and resistlng 10 kg/cm (perpendicularly to the force) is impregnated up to weight Or 160 g/sq~m with the f ollowing cornposition (parts by weight):
Nitrile rubber (such as "Chemigum N 60o" by Goodyear) 100 Epoxy resin (such as "Epon 828", by Shell) 100 Zinc oxide 5 Stearic acid 1 Sulphur 3.5 Accelerator (DMP 30) 1.5 Accelerator (benzotiacyldisulphate) 1.5 Titanium dioxide 7-5 This composition is soluted into a solvent consisting Or 250 parts Or methylethylketone peroxide and 250 parts Or toluene, and sub~ected to a 10' treatment at 160C. The thus impregnate~i and processed fibrous structure resists to tension Or 20 kg/cm and has excellent waterproof` and water resistant properties~ ~ -Example 4 ~
The bondirlg Or a structure obtained according to the ~ ~ -above Example 3 with a polyurethane upper layer, the surface Or said :-structure can be treated with a mordanting composition consistin~, -of (parts by weight): -Epoxy resin (such as "Epon 828" by Shell) 70 Polybutadiene, or Butyl rubber ~such as "Polysarl'Canada) 30 Polyamide ~such as "Versamin 125", by Scheringi) 40 Titanium dioxide ~o ~ 35 Dibasic lead phthalate 5 Solvent (toluene) 320 Example 5 The twin layer structure comprising the intermediate layer of Example 3 can be secured to the road~ray pavement upon applying and doctoring of the pavement surface a primer layer consisting of (parts by weight):
Butyl rubber (such as "Polysar Butyl 301")100 Oxidized bitumen 15 Zinc oxide 5 Stearic acid 2 Extra-fine clay ("China Clay) 15 Zinc diethylditiocarbammate 3,5 Dibenzylamine 2 Sulphur 2 Solvent (such as "Solvesso 100") 25 Exarrlple ~
The multi-layer prefabricated tape material can be provided with a compatible primer layer preliminarily applied (such as by calendering) and secured to the face Or the intermediate layer opposite to the upper layer.
Such preliminarily applied primer layer can be made by the use Or the followin~ composition (in parts by Weight):
Butyl rubber (as above) 100 Oxidized bitumen 65 Extra-fine clay (as above) 25 Hydrocarbonic resln (such as "Piccopale 100") 20 Liquid coumarone resin (such as liquid "Cumar", by Allied) 20 Carbon black 25 Anthracene oil, or tar 20 ~`~3~
Example 7 This Example is a modification Or Example 3 and refers ::
to a composition particularly adapted for providing a laminated or calendered sheet of the impregnating material, such as indicated at -F in FIGS. 5 to 7, for example. Such composition comprises, in parts by weight: :
Epoxy resin (such as "~pon 828", by Shell 70 ~ .
Bromine modified butadiene rubber, capable to cross-link at ambient temperature tsuch as ;
"Polysar RTV" 30 :
Polyamide (such as "Versamid 125", by Shering) 40 Titanoum dioxide 50 Dibasic lead phthalate 5 Toluene 180 `.
Isopropyl alcohol 120 The impregnated structure is heated for 10' at 160C.
Example 8 The use of fiberglass for producing the fibrous structure .: ~
of the inter layer is preferably combined with the use of an - :
essentially resilient compound for forming the upper layer Sp of FIGS. 4 to 8, such as a polyurethane resin, for m~nimizing the brittleness of the glass; and forming a deeply compenetrated layer ~ -~
..: . .
system. The upper layer can be made extremely thin. The -advantageous provision of the flexibilizing (and waterproofing) .
interlayer forming component F (interlayer Sp~F~ and F~Snt, and also .`
FtP, FIGS. 5 to 7) can be provided by making use of the followin~ v - composition, in parts by weiFht: `
Polyethylene chlorosulphonate (such as "~Iypalon"~
by DuPont) 400 `
Titanium dioxide 250 ;
Baryte 150 ;
Kaolin clay 150 Polyester resin (such as "Neoxil") 50 The thus flexibilized and/or waterproofed structures can be variously formed and arranged, as examplified in FIGS. 5 to 7.
-13- ;
has a smooth highly wear resisting planar surface layer and a plural-ity of hard crystalline particles at least some of which include an upper portion extending outwardly from the upper face of said layer to impart good anti-skid properties to said face for vehicle traffic safety. The tape material concerned with the invention being also of the kind designed to be applied on and secured to the roadway pave-ment by means of lower "primer" layer best suitable for its anchorage with the pavement.
This art is a well known and worked one and several improvements had been made thereto. A number of Patents had been issued to the present applicant thereabout. Reference is herein made to the U.S. Patents Nos. 3,872,843 and 3,935,365 (corresponding to 20 British Patent Specifications No. 1,359,036 and respecvively 1,463,681 and to published German Patent Applications P 21 30 529.3 and P 24 o3 398.5) for more complete acknowledgement of such prior art and of the problems concerned therewith.
One important problem descends from the most desirable anti-skid property of the material. The upper surface of the tape in service is firmly engaged by the vehicle wheel treads and therefore powerful thrusts occur to be applied tan~etially on the said surface (the term "tangentially" refers to the wheel tread where contacting the surface, that is directed in the plane defined by said surface), 30 extremely powerrul forces can be for example originated by a heavy and/or fastly travelling vehicle engaged in an emergency braking or by the centrifugal force during a curve. These thrusts tend to --1-- ,~~'.D
displace the tape in the direction of the force, that is cause the tape material to "slide" on the road pavement, detaching sald tape ~-from said pavement.
On the other hand such powerful thrusts are applied on the tape surface at a rather small surface area thereof, that is at the wheel tread tape surface interface- Now, the tape material i5 `. .
secured to the (generally bitumen based) roadway pavement by means Or an essentially plastic composition, even if the primer layer com-prises completely hardened bituminous components. The resistance to said tendency of hori~ontally displacin~ the tape, under said thrusts can provided at the tape material-road pavement interface (nore ,;
properly, interlayer) at a very greater interfacial area.
- In the pratical service of said road marking tapes, as known to those skilled in the art, a tangentially applied powerful thrust can cause and frequently causes a localized damage to the ~tape material, which locally flakes off and wrinkles up, and sometimes is torn apart.
Complemental problems concern the desirable provision of tape material of small overall thickness (both for economy reasons and for limiting its overall height or protrusion from the actual road pavement surface) and the difficulty and hard and fatiguering operation of removing, when necessary, a properly applied and secured marking tape from the road pavement, for example when the location of the marking is to be modified.
It is therefore an ob~ect of this invention to provide a new and improved tape material which is not subJect to the above and other ob~ectlons. In other words, it is an ob~ect of this invention to properly and satisfyingly solve the above and other problems.
Accordiny to the present invention, there is provided a multi-layer road surface marking tape material of the type comprisin~, when applied on and secured -to a roadway pavement, ..
~ 2~
;; .. . ' : . ':
iO ~
an upper wear-resisting and anti-skid layer and a lower primer layer for firm attachment to the pavement;, characterized by comprising, between the upper and lower layers, at least an intermediate relatively thin, pliable~essentially inextensible and tensionally resistant intermediate layer compatible with and intimately connected to both the layers for distributing and transferring over a large primer layer-roadway pavement interfacial area horizontally clirected stresses trangetially applied to the anti-skid upper layer at localized upper layer-vehicle wheel treads interfacial areas.
According to an embodiment of the invention, tne said intermediate layer consists of a film of highly tensionally resistant polymeric resin. Preferably, said intermediate layer consists of a polyester film from 0.02 to 0.3 mm thick.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the said intermediate layer consists of a highly tensionally resistant resin impregnated non-woven fibrous structure. Prefera-bly, said fibrous structure is impregnated at its portions adjacent to the upper and respectively to the lower layer by the same compounds comprised in said layers.
The said non-woven structure consists of fibers made .. . . . . .
. . . , - :.
. ' ' . . , ~ , . , :' ':' ` . . ~ ' of any suitable fiber forming synthetic composition capab].e of providing essentially inextensible and highly tensionally resist-ant fiber, such as polyester. The same structure can also be made of glass fibers. In such occurence., the fibrous structure can be suitably impregnated with a synthetic rubbery or elasto-meric composition for minimizing the brittleness of the fibers. ~-According to a complemental advantageous reature Or the invention, the new tape material Or the invention can be ` ~ .
easily removed from the road pavement at the extent necessary for ~ -obliterating the marking, by inserting and displacing a heated blade at the level of the lower or of intermediate layer, when made of heat meltable material) for separating the marking forming upper layer from the roadway pavement contacting lower or primer ..
layer. The said upper layer can be recovered for subsequent ~:
application and use.
These and other features and advantages of the :
invention will be made best apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatical, fragmentary, partly sectional perspective view of a tape materi.al according ~.
to the invention, applied on and secured to a roadway pavement; .
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the components of the -.-material of FIG. 1, the intermediate layer forming component . .-.
being shown to illustrate two alternative embodiments thereof;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatical side view and partly a !~ :
sectional view of a mechanism adapted f.or remov:lng the material from the roadway pavement;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view illustration a combination .-~
of certain components of the structure, before and after the assembling thereof;
FIG. 4A is a view similar of that of the righthand .
. . .
part of FIG. 4 and illustrates a modified combination; and FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are views similar to that of FIG. 4 and illustrate further modified combinations, including thermoplastic components preferably comprising bituminous and/or epoxy-bituminous components.
In its broadest aspect, the tape material according to the invention comprises the combination and the arrangement of components as shown in FIG. 1. When properly laid on and ~ -secured to the surface Or a rodaway pavement generally indicated at T, by means of a "primer layer" (this term is of current use in the art, as being conventionally referred to a layer which is formed on the pavement surface, preparatory to laying the ~
tape material thereon) of substantially bituminous nature, the -road surface marking material gas has an upper face 16 which defines ~ -the sign. Said lower or primer layer is generally indicated at P.
Such upper race 16 is embodied by an upper layer S
having a high resistance to wear and formed by a higly resistant polymer, such as a polyester or a polyamide resin, and preferably of a polyurethane resin, and consists Or a layer of thickness preferably comprised between 0.4 and 1.0 mm. This upper face 16 is made "anti-skid" by embedding into said layer hard particle, preferably crystals or microcrystals of a substance having a hardness at least Or and preferably greater than 6 on the Mohs' Hardness Scale, such as of quartz, aluminum sllicofluoride, aluminum sesquioxide and preferably carborundum. Some partially protruding particles are diagrammatically shown and indicated at 20 in FIGS. 1 and 2.
The upper layer can be also provided, according to the art, with light retroreflective elements, generally spheroidal, part of which are also shown and indicated at 22.
According to the invention, the said upper layer S
- and the said lower or primer layer P are interconnected by an .. ~ . - :. .
, intermediate layer which is pliable ~for best adaptation of the tape material to the road pavement T unevenness, and for admitting the winding of the material into coils or bobbins, ror storage and/or transportation), essentially inextensible and having a great reslstance to tension. Such intermediate layer can comprise a sheet of suitable substance, such as indicated at 24, or comprise a non-woven fibrous structure, as indicated at 24~ in the righthand portion of FIG. 2.
The described multi-layer structure comprises in at least one of its layers thermoplastic components. This provision can be made use of for easily detaching the tape from the road pavement by making use of a simple apparatus such as illustrated in FIG. 3, and generally indicated at 30. Such apparatus comprises a truck which can be displaced in direction A along the tape to be removed. The frame structure 32 of said truck `
supports a blade-like tool 34 positioned for engagement and lengthwise insertion into and below the tape material, at a level intermediate its upper layer (generally indicated at S in FIG. 3, ~ `
for simplicity) and the lower pavement engaging face of the primer layer P.
'.,:. ' The blade tool 34 is heated for example by a burner 36 and the upper layer portion of the detached tape material can be pull up along a sloping support 40 by a recovery bobbin 42. Said upper layer portion, generally indicated at Ss, thus recovered, can be further made use of. This provides a substantial saving because the upper layer Sp is as a matter Or fact the most costly component of the product, in particular when provided with a substantial amount Or corundum crystals and~or o~ retroreflective ~- -elements. The apparatus is complemented by the provision Or a fuel source, such as a bottle 38 containing liquified gas and, ir desired, with a source of power, such as an internal combustion engine3 for driving the truck and/or rotating the mandrel about which the bobbin ^~44~J~f~
42 is wound.
Various arrangements and interactions of the layers in a multi-layer structure in which the intermediate layer comprises ~ -a non-woven fibrous impregnated structure will be now briefly described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 8 inclusive. Such arrange-ments comprise preferably but not exclusively a fibrous structure formed with glass fibers.
It has been ~ound that binder agents consisting of bituminous or epoxy-bituminous compounds are well compatible with and intimately penetrate into such fibrous structures. Upon ~uxtaposition of a layer Sp of resinous substance, such as polyure-thane, on a fibrous layer, another substantial interpenetration occurs. This greatly improved the bond between the various layers.
Further, the fibrous intermediate layer ls generally preliminarily impregnated preparatory to the layer ~uxtaposition, and the various still liquid or viscous and not yet set compounds either forming the upper layer and/or lower layer and impregnating the intermediate viscous layer intermix at the layers' lnterfaces and thereabout for further improving the bond and the structural even if heterogeneous unitarity Or the multi-layer structure.
Thus, as diagrammatically shown in FIG. 4, the ~uxtaposi-tion of the components Of the upper layer Sp and or the intermediate non-woven layer Snt yields to forming of a mixed (and possibly a chemically interreacted) interlayer Sp~Snt improving the bond.
FIG. 4A diagrammatically indicates that the upper layer Sp can be preliminarily formed as a calendered sheet and then coupled to the fibrous layer under pressure and vulcanlzation process.
The ~iagram of FIG. 5 visualized the interlocation Or - a sheet F of a flexibilizing and/or waterproofing agent between the upper layer forming component Sp and the non-woven structure Snt.
In the compound product (lefthand part of the FIGURE) a plurality Or interlayers is therefore formed, such as generally indicated at ..
. . ~ .
Sp~F and F+Snt. Correspondingly, as indicated in the diagram Or ~IG. 6, an interlayer of crossed impregnation PtSnt can be formed between the impregnated fibrous layer Snt and the primer layer P. FIG. 7 depicts the formation of two interlayers Sp~Snt and F~P resulting from the interposition of the said ~lexibilizing and/or waterproofing agent F between the non-woven layer and the primer layer P. FIG. 8 ~inally illustrates a deep intercrossed impregnation which involves nearly the entire thickness of the fibrous layer Snt, by part of both the compounds Or the upper layer Sp and the primer layer P. The substances and compounds adapted for providing such interrelations will be commented in the following Examples. ;
Example 1 `,~ -This Example refers to the manufacture of a multi-layer tape material including an intermediate layer 34 consisting of a resinous film from 0.03 to 0.3 millimeters thick. This material corresponds to the combination shown in the lerthand portion of FIG. 2. In this structure it is critical that the upper layer Sp will be intimately and firmly bonded to the intermediate film. ``
Assuming that such film is made of a polyester resin, the wear resisting upper layer can be made Or a polyester composition as -~
follows tin percent by weight):
Polyester resin (such as "Dynapol S 206", by Dynamit Nobel A.G.) 56%
Methylethylketone 34 Titanium dioxide 10% "~
Example 2 This Example refer to rorming a primer layer well adapted to provide a firm bond with an intermediate layer as above, by a two-component (A and B) composition, as follows (in parts by weight):
''A" Solid oxidized bitymen parts 17 :
~ -8-Epoxy Tar (tar for e~p~oxy resins) parts 10 Synthetic rubber (such as "R.T.V.
Rubber", by Polysar Canada) parts 24 Colloidal silica (such as "Aerosil" parts 2 Epoxy resin (such as "Araldite 250", by Ciba) parts 42 B'' Solid 40/50 bitumen parts 17 Epoxy Tar parts 15 Cresylic Acid parts 5 Polyamide resin tsuch as "Versamid 140") parts 36 Kaolin parts 27 Accelerator for the Epoxy Resin Or Component "A" (such as "D.M.P. 30") parts 2 The follosing Example refer more specifically to the manufacture Or tape material comprising a fibrous intermediate layer.
In general, the said fibrous intermediate layer comprises a non-woven fabric of weight comprised between 50 and 250 g/sq.meter, which is impre~nated and sub~ect to uniform pressure, by calendering for example, for providing a structure preferably of thickness less than one millimeter; a thickness comprised between 0.3 and 0.6mm is preferred, so that the coupling of the upper layer (which includes abrasive and retroreflective elements) and on the intermediate layer forms a multi-layer of thickness generally slightly above one millimeter. This feature is advantageous in view of the cost, pliableness and lightweight of the material to be laid on a prepared primer layer.
The impregnation of the fibrous structure is preferably made by making use of impregnating compound having, when completely set, a substantial resiliency. These compounds comprise preferably but not~critically epoxy resins, epoxy-urethane resins epoxy-nitrile resins, polyester resins and, more preferably, combinations of epoxy -,: , ' ' . ' '-,,.;' , :. ' ,~ ' ' .. , , , . . , ,~ , ............... . . .
: : . :.
:' . ~ : :;. ' . . ,. ;
resins and of synthetic in particular nitrile rubbers. The impregnating compound, added to suitable accelerator agents, is applied as a solution and heat processecl, when the impregnation has been completed, to provide a stable waterproof and highly resistant structure.
Example 3 A non-woven fabric Or polyester fibers weight 75 g/sp.
meter and resistlng 10 kg/cm (perpendicularly to the force) is impregnated up to weight Or 160 g/sq~m with the f ollowing cornposition (parts by weight):
Nitrile rubber (such as "Chemigum N 60o" by Goodyear) 100 Epoxy resin (such as "Epon 828", by Shell) 100 Zinc oxide 5 Stearic acid 1 Sulphur 3.5 Accelerator (DMP 30) 1.5 Accelerator (benzotiacyldisulphate) 1.5 Titanium dioxide 7-5 This composition is soluted into a solvent consisting Or 250 parts Or methylethylketone peroxide and 250 parts Or toluene, and sub~ected to a 10' treatment at 160C. The thus impregnate~i and processed fibrous structure resists to tension Or 20 kg/cm and has excellent waterproof` and water resistant properties~ ~ -Example 4 ~
The bondirlg Or a structure obtained according to the ~ ~ -above Example 3 with a polyurethane upper layer, the surface Or said :-structure can be treated with a mordanting composition consistin~, -of (parts by weight): -Epoxy resin (such as "Epon 828" by Shell) 70 Polybutadiene, or Butyl rubber ~such as "Polysarl'Canada) 30 Polyamide ~such as "Versamin 125", by Scheringi) 40 Titanium dioxide ~o ~ 35 Dibasic lead phthalate 5 Solvent (toluene) 320 Example 5 The twin layer structure comprising the intermediate layer of Example 3 can be secured to the road~ray pavement upon applying and doctoring of the pavement surface a primer layer consisting of (parts by weight):
Butyl rubber (such as "Polysar Butyl 301")100 Oxidized bitumen 15 Zinc oxide 5 Stearic acid 2 Extra-fine clay ("China Clay) 15 Zinc diethylditiocarbammate 3,5 Dibenzylamine 2 Sulphur 2 Solvent (such as "Solvesso 100") 25 Exarrlple ~
The multi-layer prefabricated tape material can be provided with a compatible primer layer preliminarily applied (such as by calendering) and secured to the face Or the intermediate layer opposite to the upper layer.
Such preliminarily applied primer layer can be made by the use Or the followin~ composition (in parts by Weight):
Butyl rubber (as above) 100 Oxidized bitumen 65 Extra-fine clay (as above) 25 Hydrocarbonic resln (such as "Piccopale 100") 20 Liquid coumarone resin (such as liquid "Cumar", by Allied) 20 Carbon black 25 Anthracene oil, or tar 20 ~`~3~
Example 7 This Example is a modification Or Example 3 and refers ::
to a composition particularly adapted for providing a laminated or calendered sheet of the impregnating material, such as indicated at -F in FIGS. 5 to 7, for example. Such composition comprises, in parts by weight: :
Epoxy resin (such as "~pon 828", by Shell 70 ~ .
Bromine modified butadiene rubber, capable to cross-link at ambient temperature tsuch as ;
"Polysar RTV" 30 :
Polyamide (such as "Versamid 125", by Shering) 40 Titanoum dioxide 50 Dibasic lead phthalate 5 Toluene 180 `.
Isopropyl alcohol 120 The impregnated structure is heated for 10' at 160C.
Example 8 The use of fiberglass for producing the fibrous structure .: ~
of the inter layer is preferably combined with the use of an - :
essentially resilient compound for forming the upper layer Sp of FIGS. 4 to 8, such as a polyurethane resin, for m~nimizing the brittleness of the glass; and forming a deeply compenetrated layer ~ -~
..: . .
system. The upper layer can be made extremely thin. The -advantageous provision of the flexibilizing (and waterproofing) .
interlayer forming component F (interlayer Sp~F~ and F~Snt, and also .`
FtP, FIGS. 5 to 7) can be provided by making use of the followin~ v - composition, in parts by weiFht: `
Polyethylene chlorosulphonate (such as "~Iypalon"~
by DuPont) 400 `
Titanium dioxide 250 ;
Baryte 150 ;
Kaolin clay 150 Polyester resin (such as "Neoxil") 50 The thus flexibilized and/or waterproofed structures can be variously formed and arranged, as examplified in FIGS. 5 to 7.
-13- ;
Claims (10)
1. Multi-layer road surface marking tape material of the type comprising, when applied on and secured to a roadway pavement, an upper wear-resisting and anti-skid layer and a lower primer layer for firm attachment to said pavement, characterized by comprising, between said upper and lower layers, at least an intermediate rela-tively thin, pliable, essentially inextensible and tensionally resistant intermediate layer compatible with and intimately connect-ed to both said layers for distributing and transferring over a large primer layer-roadway pavement interfacial area horizontally directed stresses trangetially applied to said anti-skid upper layer at localized upper layer-vehicle wheel treads interfacial areas.
2. Tape material according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the said intermediate layer consists of a highly ten-sionally resistant resinous film from 0.02 to 0.3 mm thick.
3. Tape material according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the said intermediate layer consists of a polyester film associated to a polyester based upper wear resisting layer.
4. Tape material according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the said intermediate layer comprises a fibrous struc-ture impregnated with a composition compatible with that of the adjacent layers.
5. Tape material according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the said fibrous structure consists of a non-woven fabric of weight from 50 and 250 g/sq.m, impregnated and calendered to form a sheet from 0.3 to 1 millimeter thick.
6. Tape material according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that said fibrous structure is impregnated with a composi-tion compatible and mixable with that of at least one of the adjacent upper and lower layer so that such intermediate layer is partially compenetrated by the composition forming at least one of said adjacent layers.
7. Tape material according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that said fibrous structure comprise glass fibers and it is impregnated by a composition comprising a rubbery component.
8. Tape material according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that additional intermediate layers are located between at least two adjacent layers comprising said primer, intermediate and upper layer, and formed with a composition co-mixable with that of the layers between which said additional layer is interposed, to form an interfacial interlayer consisting of mixtures of said com-positions.
9. Tape material according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that additional intermediate layer is preformed into a calendered sheet, interposed between said adjacent layer and the resulting multi-layer structure is heat processed.
10. Tape material according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that said additional intermediate layer comprise at least a rubbery component in its composition to form a tape structure flexibilizing interfacial interlayer.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2235476A IT1059132B (en) | 1976-04-15 | 1976-04-15 | Laminar road marking strip material - having non-skid surface and intermediate layer distributing local stresses over larger area |
| IT22356/76A IT1059134B (en) | 1975-04-23 | 1976-04-15 | SYSTEM FOR HANDLING OF THE MAIL USING DOCUMENTS OF DIFFERENT FORMATS OR NATURES |
| IT2874676A IT1068912B (en) | 1976-10-27 | 1976-10-27 | Laminar road marking strip material - having non-skid surface and intermediate layer distributing local stresses over larger area |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1044062A true CA1044062A (en) | 1978-12-12 |
Family
ID=27273275
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA276,210A Expired CA1044062A (en) | 1976-04-15 | 1977-04-14 | Anti-skid wear and stress resisting road marking tape material |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS52146031A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1044062A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE433236B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1097491B (en) * | 1978-07-07 | 1985-08-31 | Eigenmann Ludwig | METHOD AND PERFECTED DEVICES FOR THE FORMATION OF PERFECT HORIZONTAL ROAD SIGNALS, WITH HIGH VISIBILITY AND ADHESION, WITH QUANTITATIVELY AND TOPOLOGICALLY PREDETERMINED AND POSITIONED RETRO-REFLECTIVE ELEMENTS |
| JPS58156610A (en) * | 1982-03-12 | 1983-09-17 | 中村 光之助 | Durable road surface reflective trafic mark material of glass fiber reinforced plastic |
| IT1153172B (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1987-01-14 | Ludwig Eigenmann | METHOD TO MAKE A REFLECTORIZED PREFABRICATED STRIP RESISTANT TO THE AGGRESSION OF SNOW BLADES, METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF PROTRUDING ELEMENTS, METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF THE STRIP AND RELATED MANUFACTURE |
| EP0213338B1 (en) * | 1985-07-23 | 1990-05-30 | Mining And Manufacturing Company Minnesota | Method for applying adhesive road-marking tapes |
| JP5643672B2 (en) * | 2011-02-07 | 2014-12-17 | 東日本旅客鉄道株式会社 | Elastic flooring |
-
1977
- 1977-04-13 SE SE7704216A patent/SE433236B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-04-14 JP JP4209577A patent/JPS52146031A/en active Pending
- 1977-04-14 CA CA276,210A patent/CA1044062A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE433236B (en) | 1984-05-14 |
| SE7704216L (en) | 1977-10-16 |
| JPS52146031A (en) | 1977-12-05 |
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