CA1043453A - Cooling system for a high temperature transformer assembly - Google Patents
Cooling system for a high temperature transformer assemblyInfo
- Publication number
- CA1043453A CA1043453A CA227,523A CA227523A CA1043453A CA 1043453 A CA1043453 A CA 1043453A CA 227523 A CA227523 A CA 227523A CA 1043453 A CA1043453 A CA 1043453A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- transformer
- cooling medium
- casing
- inner casing
- outer casing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Transformer Cooling (AREA)
Abstract
A COOLING SYSTEM FOR A HIGH TEMPERATURE
TRANSFORMER ASSEMBLY
Abstract A transformer assembly including a transformer positioned within a casing, the transformer having a predetermined maximum operating tempera-ture and the casing being filled with a fluid medium having a heat of vaporization temperature substantially equal to the predetermined operating temperature of the transformer. In a more specific embodiment, the trans-former is of the high temperature type capable of operating at 150°C and includes an inner casing filled with a high temperature insulating fluid, the cooling fluid medium being water.
TRANSFORMER ASSEMBLY
Abstract A transformer assembly including a transformer positioned within a casing, the transformer having a predetermined maximum operating tempera-ture and the casing being filled with a fluid medium having a heat of vaporization temperature substantially equal to the predetermined operating temperature of the transformer. In a more specific embodiment, the trans-former is of the high temperature type capable of operating at 150°C and includes an inner casing filled with a high temperature insulating fluid, the cooling fluid medium being water.
Description
In any transformer assembly, the heat generated by the transformer must be dissipated at a rate sufficient to maintain the temperature of the transformer within its operating range. In a Class A type insulated trans-former, the rated operating temperature of the transformer is 65C. The heat generated by this type of a transformer will never reach the heat of vaporiz-ation temperature of the commonly used cooling media, i.e., water, and there-fore there must be a substantial flow of water in order to dissipate the heat at a rate sufficient to maintain the transformer temperature at 65C.
The high temperature transformer of the present invention is provided with water as a cooling medium having a heat of vaporization temper-ature substantially equal to the operating temperature of the transformer.
In a high temperature system of the type disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 261,225, filed September 14, 1976, entitled "High Temperature Transformer Assembly", the transformer is capable of operating at a temper-ature of 150C. Considering a normal ambient temperature of 40C., the temperature rise at the transformer walls will be approximately 110C. If, as a cooling medium, water ~which has a boiling point or heat of vaporization :
temperature of 100C.) is used, the heat of vaporization temperature will be sufficient to dissipate the heat at the walls of the transformer at a rate sufficient to maintain the transformer at operating temperature.
According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a transformer assembly including a transformer having a maximum operating temperature greater than 150C., said transformer including an inner casing and a high temperature insulating dielectric fluid within said inner casing ~-for insulating and cooling the transformer, an outer casing, said trans-former being supported within said outer casing, and a cooling medium within said outer casing and surrounding said inner casing for cooling the insulat-ing dielectric fluid, said cooling medium being water, whereby said insulat-ing dielectric fluid when the transformer is operating at the maximum operating temperature is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the cooling medium within the outer casing.
According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a
The high temperature transformer of the present invention is provided with water as a cooling medium having a heat of vaporization temper-ature substantially equal to the operating temperature of the transformer.
In a high temperature system of the type disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 261,225, filed September 14, 1976, entitled "High Temperature Transformer Assembly", the transformer is capable of operating at a temper-ature of 150C. Considering a normal ambient temperature of 40C., the temperature rise at the transformer walls will be approximately 110C. If, as a cooling medium, water ~which has a boiling point or heat of vaporization :
temperature of 100C.) is used, the heat of vaporization temperature will be sufficient to dissipate the heat at the walls of the transformer at a rate sufficient to maintain the transformer at operating temperature.
According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a transformer assembly including a transformer having a maximum operating temperature greater than 150C., said transformer including an inner casing and a high temperature insulating dielectric fluid within said inner casing ~-for insulating and cooling the transformer, an outer casing, said trans-former being supported within said outer casing, and a cooling medium within said outer casing and surrounding said inner casing for cooling the insulat-ing dielectric fluid, said cooling medium being water, whereby said insulat-ing dielectric fluid when the transformer is operating at the maximum operating temperature is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the cooling medium within the outer casing.
According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a
-2- ~
~043453 transformer assembly for an electrical power distribution system, said transformer assembly comprising: an outer casing having an open top, an inner casing positioned within said outer casing, a high temperature trans-former positioned in said inner casing, a saturated hydrocarbon dielectric fluid in said inner casing completely surrounding said transformer, a cooling medium within said outer casing surrounding the outside surface of said inner casing, said cooling medium being water, the boiling point of said cooling medium being substantially less than the safe operating temperature of said transformer whereby the dielectric fluid when the transformer is operating at rated temperature is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the cooling medium.
According to a third aspect, the present invention provides a transformer assembly for an underground distribution system, said assembly including: an open outer casing, an inner casing within said outer casing, a high temperature saturated hydrocarbon insulating fluid within said inner :
casing, a high temperature transformer having an operating temperature greater than 150C. immersed in the fluid in said inner casing, high voltage primary and secondary terminations mounted on said inner casing for connect~
.. . .
ing said transformer to the distribution system, a cooling medium within said outer casing and surrounding the outside surface of said inner casing, said cooling medium being water, and means for maintaining a predetermined level of said cooling medium within said outer casing, whereby the heat of vaporiz- -. ........ .. .
ation of the water in the outer casing will cool the insulating fluid when the transformer is operating at rated temperature. : -:
. .
-2a-~ - ' : , " , . , .,,, . , ~: , , . . , :, . . . .
.. . . . . . ..
~043453 Drawings :-FIGURE 1 is a sectional side view in elevation showing the high temperature transformer assembly of the present invention;
FIGURE 2 iS another embodiment of the invention wherein the transformer is completely immersed in the cooling medium; and FIGURE 3 is a view of a closed cycle transformer assembly.
Description of the Invention The high temperature transformer assembly according to the present invention includes a high temperature transformer 10 mounted within a housing or casing 12. The high temperature trans-former is of the type disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 261,225, filed September 14, 1976, entitled "High Temperature Transformer Assembly" and having the same assignee as the present application.
The transformer 10 is cooled by means of a fluid medium 14 which is provided within the casing 12 and surrounds the outer surface of the transformer. Means are provided for maintaining a predetermined level of the fluid medium within the casing 12. ~`~
According to the invention, the transformer 10 is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the fluid medium 14. In order to~ -accomplish this result the fluid medium 14 must have a heat of vaporization temperature substantially equal to the maximum operating temperature of the transformer.
In this regard, the transformer contemplated for use in this assembly and as disclosed in my copending application Serlal No.
261,225 is capable of operating at higher operating temperatuFes '' ''.
~'~' ~.'. .
~ ', with a corresponding increase in voltage. The core and coil assembly 16 of the transformer is positioned within an inner casing 18 and is immersed in a high temperature insulating liquid 20 such as a saturated hydrocarbon which is sealed in the casing 18. In order to utilize a high temperature insulating liquid, the core and coil assembly 16 is provided with barrier materials having high dielectric strengths and which are compatible with the insulating fluid. A barrier material such as "Quintex" made by Johns Manville was used in the core and coil assembly. The barrier material is secured to the coil assembly by means of a varnish adhesive such as a Dow Corning 997 varnish.
A transformer of this type is capable of operating at a tempera-ture rise of 150C above ambient temperature which is normally considered to be approximately 40C. The temperature at the surface of the trans-former casing must be maintained sufficiently below this temperature by the cooling medium 14.
In this regard, the fluid medium 14 must have a heat of vaporiza-~. ... . .
tion temperature at approximately 100C above ambient in order to maintain the surface temperature of the transformer housing within the operating range of the high temperature transformer. Since water has a heat of vaporization of 100C it provides an ideal means for cooling the high temperature transformer and is readily available at low cost.
More particularly, the housing of casing 10 can be formed of any conventional material such as concrete, porcelain, or steel. In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1, the outer casing 12 and inner transformer casing 18 are made as a single unit of the same material.
The transformer 10 is cooled by means of the fluid medium 14 which is provided in the space between the casing 12 and inner casing 18.
The transformer 10 can be connected to the primary and secondary cables -by means of primary bushing 26 and secondary bushings 30.
Means are provided for maintaining a predetermined level of the cooling medium 14 within the vault of casing 12. Such means is in the form of a fluid level float valve 40 mounted on the casing 12 and connected to a -water line 42 to control the flow of water into the casing from a source of water 44.
In the alternate embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, a transformer assembly 50 is shown which includes a transformer 52 complete-ly immersed within a cooling medium 54 in a housing or casing 56. The transformer 52 is connected to the primary cable 58 through a bushing 60 and to the cable sheath 62 through a ground line 64. The transformer 52 is connected to the secondary cables 66 through secondary bushings 68 and to gsound through a bushing 70.
The cooling medium 54 is selected to have a heat of vaporization temperature or boiling point substantially less than the predetermined maximum operating temperature of the transformer.
Closed Cycle Assembly ~'~
In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 3, means in the form of a condensing enclosure 80 is provided at the top of the trans-former assembly 50 to condense the cooling medium vapors and return the resulting condensate to the assembly 50. When enclosed in the manner shown in Figure 3, the assembly becomes a closed cycle system and reduces the amount of cooling medium required to maintain the level of the cooling medium within the transformer casing 56. In this regard the transformer assembly 50 is substantially identical to the transformer assembly shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 has been numbered with the corresponding numbers of Figuse 2 where appropriate.
The enclosure 80 includes a housing 82 having a central supporting ~ -passage 84 connected to an opening 86 in a cover 88 on the transformer casing 56. The vapors formed by the evaporization of the cooling medium 54 in the transformer assembly 50 will rise to the top of the transformer ~-assembly and pass through the opening 86 in passage 84 into the enclosure 80. Baffles can be provided within the enclosure to circulate the vapors thsoughout the enclosure. -'''' ' . . . . . . ,, ., , . , ., , , ~,, , .................. - .... .
: - ~ . . :. ., :
~043453 Means are provided for cooling the cooling medium vapors in the enclosure 80. Such means is in the form of a number of open air passages 90. The air passages 90 extend through the housing 82 so that the vapors can pass freely between the passages. The condensate formed by the conden-sation of the vapors on the walls of the housing is free to flow to the bottom of the enclosure and back into the transformer casing 52 through the passage 84 and opening 86 in cover 88~ .
Although the cooling medium requirement has been reduced, means can be provided for maintaining a predetermined level within the trans-former. Such means is in the form of a fluid level float valve 40 as described in connection with Figure 2. ~ .-It should be apparent that although the closed cycle assembly has been described in connection with the transformer assembly of Figure 2, it can also be used in combination with an assembly as shown in Figure 1.
'"' ''" ' '' ' ~.,"':
'''"' '' ' :' ",' ~, - 6 ~
~043453 transformer assembly for an electrical power distribution system, said transformer assembly comprising: an outer casing having an open top, an inner casing positioned within said outer casing, a high temperature trans-former positioned in said inner casing, a saturated hydrocarbon dielectric fluid in said inner casing completely surrounding said transformer, a cooling medium within said outer casing surrounding the outside surface of said inner casing, said cooling medium being water, the boiling point of said cooling medium being substantially less than the safe operating temperature of said transformer whereby the dielectric fluid when the transformer is operating at rated temperature is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the cooling medium.
According to a third aspect, the present invention provides a transformer assembly for an underground distribution system, said assembly including: an open outer casing, an inner casing within said outer casing, a high temperature saturated hydrocarbon insulating fluid within said inner :
casing, a high temperature transformer having an operating temperature greater than 150C. immersed in the fluid in said inner casing, high voltage primary and secondary terminations mounted on said inner casing for connect~
.. . .
ing said transformer to the distribution system, a cooling medium within said outer casing and surrounding the outside surface of said inner casing, said cooling medium being water, and means for maintaining a predetermined level of said cooling medium within said outer casing, whereby the heat of vaporiz- -. ........ .. .
ation of the water in the outer casing will cool the insulating fluid when the transformer is operating at rated temperature. : -:
. .
-2a-~ - ' : , " , . , .,,, . , ~: , , . . , :, . . . .
.. . . . . . ..
~043453 Drawings :-FIGURE 1 is a sectional side view in elevation showing the high temperature transformer assembly of the present invention;
FIGURE 2 iS another embodiment of the invention wherein the transformer is completely immersed in the cooling medium; and FIGURE 3 is a view of a closed cycle transformer assembly.
Description of the Invention The high temperature transformer assembly according to the present invention includes a high temperature transformer 10 mounted within a housing or casing 12. The high temperature trans-former is of the type disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 261,225, filed September 14, 1976, entitled "High Temperature Transformer Assembly" and having the same assignee as the present application.
The transformer 10 is cooled by means of a fluid medium 14 which is provided within the casing 12 and surrounds the outer surface of the transformer. Means are provided for maintaining a predetermined level of the fluid medium within the casing 12. ~`~
According to the invention, the transformer 10 is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the fluid medium 14. In order to~ -accomplish this result the fluid medium 14 must have a heat of vaporization temperature substantially equal to the maximum operating temperature of the transformer.
In this regard, the transformer contemplated for use in this assembly and as disclosed in my copending application Serlal No.
261,225 is capable of operating at higher operating temperatuFes '' ''.
~'~' ~.'. .
~ ', with a corresponding increase in voltage. The core and coil assembly 16 of the transformer is positioned within an inner casing 18 and is immersed in a high temperature insulating liquid 20 such as a saturated hydrocarbon which is sealed in the casing 18. In order to utilize a high temperature insulating liquid, the core and coil assembly 16 is provided with barrier materials having high dielectric strengths and which are compatible with the insulating fluid. A barrier material such as "Quintex" made by Johns Manville was used in the core and coil assembly. The barrier material is secured to the coil assembly by means of a varnish adhesive such as a Dow Corning 997 varnish.
A transformer of this type is capable of operating at a tempera-ture rise of 150C above ambient temperature which is normally considered to be approximately 40C. The temperature at the surface of the trans-former casing must be maintained sufficiently below this temperature by the cooling medium 14.
In this regard, the fluid medium 14 must have a heat of vaporiza-~. ... . .
tion temperature at approximately 100C above ambient in order to maintain the surface temperature of the transformer housing within the operating range of the high temperature transformer. Since water has a heat of vaporization of 100C it provides an ideal means for cooling the high temperature transformer and is readily available at low cost.
More particularly, the housing of casing 10 can be formed of any conventional material such as concrete, porcelain, or steel. In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1, the outer casing 12 and inner transformer casing 18 are made as a single unit of the same material.
The transformer 10 is cooled by means of the fluid medium 14 which is provided in the space between the casing 12 and inner casing 18.
The transformer 10 can be connected to the primary and secondary cables -by means of primary bushing 26 and secondary bushings 30.
Means are provided for maintaining a predetermined level of the cooling medium 14 within the vault of casing 12. Such means is in the form of a fluid level float valve 40 mounted on the casing 12 and connected to a -water line 42 to control the flow of water into the casing from a source of water 44.
In the alternate embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, a transformer assembly 50 is shown which includes a transformer 52 complete-ly immersed within a cooling medium 54 in a housing or casing 56. The transformer 52 is connected to the primary cable 58 through a bushing 60 and to the cable sheath 62 through a ground line 64. The transformer 52 is connected to the secondary cables 66 through secondary bushings 68 and to gsound through a bushing 70.
The cooling medium 54 is selected to have a heat of vaporization temperature or boiling point substantially less than the predetermined maximum operating temperature of the transformer.
Closed Cycle Assembly ~'~
In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 3, means in the form of a condensing enclosure 80 is provided at the top of the trans-former assembly 50 to condense the cooling medium vapors and return the resulting condensate to the assembly 50. When enclosed in the manner shown in Figure 3, the assembly becomes a closed cycle system and reduces the amount of cooling medium required to maintain the level of the cooling medium within the transformer casing 56. In this regard the transformer assembly 50 is substantially identical to the transformer assembly shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 has been numbered with the corresponding numbers of Figuse 2 where appropriate.
The enclosure 80 includes a housing 82 having a central supporting ~ -passage 84 connected to an opening 86 in a cover 88 on the transformer casing 56. The vapors formed by the evaporization of the cooling medium 54 in the transformer assembly 50 will rise to the top of the transformer ~-assembly and pass through the opening 86 in passage 84 into the enclosure 80. Baffles can be provided within the enclosure to circulate the vapors thsoughout the enclosure. -'''' ' . . . . . . ,, ., , . , ., , , ~,, , .................. - .... .
: - ~ . . :. ., :
~043453 Means are provided for cooling the cooling medium vapors in the enclosure 80. Such means is in the form of a number of open air passages 90. The air passages 90 extend through the housing 82 so that the vapors can pass freely between the passages. The condensate formed by the conden-sation of the vapors on the walls of the housing is free to flow to the bottom of the enclosure and back into the transformer casing 52 through the passage 84 and opening 86 in cover 88~ .
Although the cooling medium requirement has been reduced, means can be provided for maintaining a predetermined level within the trans-former. Such means is in the form of a fluid level float valve 40 as described in connection with Figure 2. ~ .-It should be apparent that although the closed cycle assembly has been described in connection with the transformer assembly of Figure 2, it can also be used in combination with an assembly as shown in Figure 1.
'"' ''" ' '' ' ~.,"':
'''"' '' ' :' ",' ~, - 6 ~
Claims (10)
1. A transformer assembly including a transformer having a maximum operating temperature greater than 150°C., said transformer including an inner casing and a high temperature insulating dielectric fluid within said inner casing for insulating and cooling the transformer, an outer casing, said transformer being supported within said outer casing, and a cooling medium within said outer casing and surrounding said inner casing for cooling the insulating dielectric fluid, said cooling medium being water, whereby said insulating dielectric fluid when the transformer is operating at the maximum operating temperature is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the cooling medium within the outer casing.
2. The transformer assembly according to Claim 1 wherein said insulating dielectric fluid is a saturated hydro-carbon.
3. The transformer assembly according to Claim 2 wherein said inner casing is sealed.
4. The transformer assembly according to Claim 2 in-cluding means for maintaining the cooling medium at a pre-determined level within said outer casing.
5. A transformer assembly for an electrical power distribution system, said transformer assembly comprising: an outer casing having an open top, an inner casing positioned within said outer casing, a high temperature transformer positioned in said inner casing, a saturated hydrocarbon dielectric fluid in said inner casing completely surrounding said transformer, a cooling medium within said outer casing surrounding the outside surface of said inner casing, said cooling medium being water, the boiling point of said cooling medium being substantially less than the safe operating temperature of said transformer whereby the dielectric fluid when the transformer is operating at rated temperature is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the cooling medium.
6. The assembly according to Claim 5 wherein said trans-former operates at a rated temperature of 150°C. or more.
7. The assembly according to Claim 5 including means for maintaining a predetermined level of said cooling medium in said casing.
8. A transformer assembly for an underground distribu-tion system, said assembly including:
an open outer casing, an inner casing within said outer casing, a high temperature saturated hydrocarbon insulating fluid within said inner casing, a high temperature transformer having an operating temperature greater than 150°C. immersed in the fluid in said inner casing, high voltage primary and secondary terminations mounted on said inner casing for connecting said transformer to the distribution system, a cooling medium within said outer casing and surrounding the outside surface of said inner casing, said cooling medium being water, and means for maintaining a predetermined level of said cooling medium within said outer casing, whereby the heat of va-porization of the water in the outer casing will cool the insula-ting fluid when the transformer is operating at rated temperature.
an open outer casing, an inner casing within said outer casing, a high temperature saturated hydrocarbon insulating fluid within said inner casing, a high temperature transformer having an operating temperature greater than 150°C. immersed in the fluid in said inner casing, high voltage primary and secondary terminations mounted on said inner casing for connecting said transformer to the distribution system, a cooling medium within said outer casing and surrounding the outside surface of said inner casing, said cooling medium being water, and means for maintaining a predetermined level of said cooling medium within said outer casing, whereby the heat of va-porization of the water in the outer casing will cool the insula-ting fluid when the transformer is operating at rated temperature.
9. The assembly according to Claim 8 including means for maintaining a predetermined level of said cooling medium within said casing.
10. The assembly according to Claim 8 wherein said inner casing is sealed.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US48411874A | 1974-06-28 | 1974-06-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1043453A true CA1043453A (en) | 1978-11-28 |
Family
ID=23922816
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA227,523A Expired CA1043453A (en) | 1974-06-28 | 1975-05-22 | Cooling system for a high temperature transformer assembly |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1043453A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113328359A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-31 | 广东广信科技有限公司 | Intelligent rack formula block terminal of outdoor transformer |
-
1975
- 1975-05-22 CA CA227,523A patent/CA1043453A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113328359A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-31 | 广东广信科技有限公司 | Intelligent rack formula block terminal of outdoor transformer |
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