CA1042803A - Dentifrice - Google Patents
DentifriceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1042803A CA1042803A CA219,573A CA219573A CA1042803A CA 1042803 A CA1042803 A CA 1042803A CA 219573 A CA219573 A CA 219573A CA 1042803 A CA1042803 A CA 1042803A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- calcium carbonate
- polymeric material
- weight
- dentifrice composition
- abrasivity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- A61K8/8152—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters, e.g. (meth)acrylic acid esters; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method and compositions are disclosed for decreasing the abrasivity of calcium carbonate for use in dentifrices by including specified proportions of a water-insoluble particulate polymeric material which is less abrasive and of lower density than the calcium carbonate.
A method and compositions are disclosed for decreasing the abrasivity of calcium carbonate for use in dentifrices by including specified proportions of a water-insoluble particulate polymeric material which is less abrasive and of lower density than the calcium carbonate.
Description
Thls inventio~ a~es to a dentifrics and in particular to a dentifrice containing an abrasive having its abrasivity reduced b~ the addition of certain particulate materials.
A basic requlrement of an effective denti-frice is that it should clean the teeth by reduc:ng the amount of, or removing9 deposits of food debris, acquired pellicle, plaque and cal-culus~ Accordingly, a satisfactory dentifrice always includes an abrasive agent. The abrasive agent must remove these dental deposits without excessively abrading the underlying tooth material, namely the tooth enamel and dentine. The abrasi-vity of a particular cleaning agent is governed by phy~ical propert~es SUC}l as size, shape, strength and brittleness, in addition to hardness. Denti-frice abrasives are chosen with combinations of the~e properties ~hich result in the abrasion necessary for the cleaning process, with the min-imum abrasion of the tooth surface.
Price is second i~portant factor in the choice of a dentifrice abrasive. Thus, fine modifications of the physical properties of abrasive agents are unacceptable as they produce dentifrice compositions which are too expensive to be practical. For ex-ample calcium carbonate, a commonly u~ed abrasive is readily available is inexpensive and a suitable basic abrasive to be widely used in toothpastes.
A basic requlrement of an effective denti-frice is that it should clean the teeth by reduc:ng the amount of, or removing9 deposits of food debris, acquired pellicle, plaque and cal-culus~ Accordingly, a satisfactory dentifrice always includes an abrasive agent. The abrasive agent must remove these dental deposits without excessively abrading the underlying tooth material, namely the tooth enamel and dentine. The abrasi-vity of a particular cleaning agent is governed by phy~ical propert~es SUC}l as size, shape, strength and brittleness, in addition to hardness. Denti-frice abrasives are chosen with combinations of the~e properties ~hich result in the abrasion necessary for the cleaning process, with the min-imum abrasion of the tooth surface.
Price is second i~portant factor in the choice of a dentifrice abrasive. Thus, fine modifications of the physical properties of abrasive agents are unacceptable as they produce dentifrice compositions which are too expensive to be practical. For ex-ample calcium carbonate, a commonly u~ed abrasive is readily available is inexpensive and a suitable basic abrasive to be widely used in toothpastes.
- 2 -.
-.; . ... . : . ,. . ~ -~-...... . .. . ,., . : . - -- . ::
10428~3 It is obtainable in different grades varying in crystalline form, particle size, surface area, and density. Its abrasive and cleaning properties can be modified by blending different grades or mixing with other abrasive materials such as phosphates, but in general such methods of modifying cheap materials like calcium carbonate, however, lead to a very much more expensive product.
This invention is based on the discovery that the abrasivity of a coarse grade of calcium car-bonate drops dramatically when a surprisingly small quantity of water-insoluble particulate organic polymer which is less abras~ve and of lower average density than the calcium carbonate is added. The addition of such small quantities of polymer has the added benefit of reducing the scratch dept~ on dental enamel and hence improving the polishing effect of the calcium carbonate on teeth.
The present invention therefore provides a dentifrice composition comprising a cleaning agent which consists of from 75-99.9~ by weight of calcium carbonate and from 0.1-25% by weight of a water-in-soluble particulate polymeric material which is (a) less abrasive and (b) of lower average density than said calcium carbonate.
~ 3 --.
- 104Z8~3 The polymsric materials suitable for this invention are o~ relatively lower abrasivity than the calcium carbonate, as measured by the taly surf method (see British Dental Journal Vol 13~, No.2, pp 60-66, July 1972). In addition it is preferred that the polymeric material has a Moh~s hardness of 3 or less.
Preferred polymeric materials are thermo-plastic resins, that is those which can be melted and resolidified without losing their original properties. The properties of such resins, being of relatively low hardness and rigidity, make them inef~ective alone as cleaning agents in ~enti-frices, but ideal for the purposes of the present lnvention. ~xamples of suitable thermoplastic resins include acrylics such as polymethyl metn-racrylate ~nd polyisobutyl methacrylate" cellu-loBiCS such as acetates and butyrate, polyamides, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, vinyls such as polyvinyl chloride and co-polymers of polyvinylchloride and polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferred materials are ~olymethyl methacry-late and polystyrene.
Such polymeric materials are present in the dentifrice in particulate form, i.e. the polymer is present as discret~ pa~ticle~ not dissolved in the body of the toothpaste and not substantially agglomerated. The particles may be solid or composed of a lattice of material, or may be hollow. ~Iollow .. . . :
- , , . ,: .~ , . . . . . -.. ..
-` 104Z8Q3 particles or particles having cavities are par-ticularly preferred as such structures provide a less dense material. Preferred materials are based on polystyrene or polymethymethacrylate.
The particles of polymeric material should preferably hava a weight median diameter of not greater than 100 microns. The weight median ~ -diameter (W.M.D.) is that particle diameter above which 50S~ by weight occur. The limit ,. :., of 100~ for the t~MD ensures that the particles do not impart a noticably gritty taste to the dentifrices. A preferred W.M.D. for the part-icles is in the range of 0.01-50~.
The shape of the polymer particles is not , critical for the reduction of abrasivity of the ' calcium carbonate. Thus, spherical polymer part-icles or irregular granules are equally as effective in this respect.
This invention i~ particularly use~ul for ,' coar~er, cheap forms of calcium carbonate which have exceptionally good cleaning power, and low abrasivity with respect to en~mel.
A further benefit is derived from the in-corporation of polymer in calcium carbonate denti-frice,which contain fluoride,either as fluorophos- -~
phate or as fluoride ion. It is well known that fluorophosphate or ~luoride co~plexes with calcium carbonate, thereby reducing the available fluoride activity. Our own data indicates that when calcium _ 5 _ 104Z803 `
carbonate plus 25% or less o~ polymer particle~
is used as the abrasive agent in a fluor~de d~ntI-frice, the fluoride activ$ty is enhanced relati~e to the ~ame dentifrice containing calcium carbon-ats alone as the abrasive.
To illustrate the invention, the accompanying Fig 1 shows in graphical ~orm the abrasivity measurements of toothpaste compositionscontaining various proportions of waterworks ch~lk (W.M.D.-15~.m.), In Fig l, the ordinate represents the abrasivity o~ the mixture measured on an arbltrary scale [taklng a~ 100% standard the abrasivity of the cleaning agent present in the toothpaste sold in the United Kingdom under the name "Macleans Freshmint~].
The abscissa of Fig l represents the percentage by weight of the waterworks chalk in the mlxture.
The line A shows the abrasivity variation for mixtures by welght of waterworks chalk and a precipitated calcium carbonate having a WMD of 4~.
The 4~ chalk u~ed in this test was supplied by Sturge Ltd, under the name "Sturcal F" and ha~ a density of 2.7g/cc. Thus lt can be seen that the repl~cement in a cleaning agent by Sturcal F of waterworks chalk causes a gradual reduction in the abrasi~lty. In order to produce a mixture havir,g an abrasivlty of lOO on this scale, a 50:50 mixture of Sturcal F to waterworks rh~lk is required.
T/tllc m~ 6 - ~ .
.. r . . ~ , "
104Z8~3 The curve B shows the abrasivity ~ariat~on for mixtures of waterworks chalk and polymethyl methacrylate, a polymeric material used in accord-.
ance with this invention, on a weight basis. Thepolymer was supplied by I.C.I. as DV 400 grade powder and had a W.M.D. of 40~ and a density of 1 . lg/cc .
The abrasivities for the waterworks chalk/methacylate mixtures were tested on 6 dentine .
specimens by the Talysurf technique and the 1:
numerical results are shown in Table 1.
% Chalk in Chalk/Acrylic Blend I Abrasivity as ~ Fre~hmlnt I t Gravimetric ¦ Volumetric ~ Mean + S.D. ~ Median _ - I i 100 100 ~ 142 + 16 ~ 138 :
106 + 33 : 99 44 60 + 29 55 i 23 + 12 1 18 12.5 13 + 7 1 11
-.; . ... . : . ,. . ~ -~-...... . .. . ,., . : . - -- . ::
10428~3 It is obtainable in different grades varying in crystalline form, particle size, surface area, and density. Its abrasive and cleaning properties can be modified by blending different grades or mixing with other abrasive materials such as phosphates, but in general such methods of modifying cheap materials like calcium carbonate, however, lead to a very much more expensive product.
This invention is based on the discovery that the abrasivity of a coarse grade of calcium car-bonate drops dramatically when a surprisingly small quantity of water-insoluble particulate organic polymer which is less abras~ve and of lower average density than the calcium carbonate is added. The addition of such small quantities of polymer has the added benefit of reducing the scratch dept~ on dental enamel and hence improving the polishing effect of the calcium carbonate on teeth.
The present invention therefore provides a dentifrice composition comprising a cleaning agent which consists of from 75-99.9~ by weight of calcium carbonate and from 0.1-25% by weight of a water-in-soluble particulate polymeric material which is (a) less abrasive and (b) of lower average density than said calcium carbonate.
~ 3 --.
- 104Z8~3 The polymsric materials suitable for this invention are o~ relatively lower abrasivity than the calcium carbonate, as measured by the taly surf method (see British Dental Journal Vol 13~, No.2, pp 60-66, July 1972). In addition it is preferred that the polymeric material has a Moh~s hardness of 3 or less.
Preferred polymeric materials are thermo-plastic resins, that is those which can be melted and resolidified without losing their original properties. The properties of such resins, being of relatively low hardness and rigidity, make them inef~ective alone as cleaning agents in ~enti-frices, but ideal for the purposes of the present lnvention. ~xamples of suitable thermoplastic resins include acrylics such as polymethyl metn-racrylate ~nd polyisobutyl methacrylate" cellu-loBiCS such as acetates and butyrate, polyamides, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, vinyls such as polyvinyl chloride and co-polymers of polyvinylchloride and polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferred materials are ~olymethyl methacry-late and polystyrene.
Such polymeric materials are present in the dentifrice in particulate form, i.e. the polymer is present as discret~ pa~ticle~ not dissolved in the body of the toothpaste and not substantially agglomerated. The particles may be solid or composed of a lattice of material, or may be hollow. ~Iollow .. . . :
- , , . ,: .~ , . . . . . -.. ..
-` 104Z8Q3 particles or particles having cavities are par-ticularly preferred as such structures provide a less dense material. Preferred materials are based on polystyrene or polymethymethacrylate.
The particles of polymeric material should preferably hava a weight median diameter of not greater than 100 microns. The weight median ~ -diameter (W.M.D.) is that particle diameter above which 50S~ by weight occur. The limit ,. :., of 100~ for the t~MD ensures that the particles do not impart a noticably gritty taste to the dentifrices. A preferred W.M.D. for the part-icles is in the range of 0.01-50~.
The shape of the polymer particles is not , critical for the reduction of abrasivity of the ' calcium carbonate. Thus, spherical polymer part-icles or irregular granules are equally as effective in this respect.
This invention i~ particularly use~ul for ,' coar~er, cheap forms of calcium carbonate which have exceptionally good cleaning power, and low abrasivity with respect to en~mel.
A further benefit is derived from the in-corporation of polymer in calcium carbonate denti-frice,which contain fluoride,either as fluorophos- -~
phate or as fluoride ion. It is well known that fluorophosphate or ~luoride co~plexes with calcium carbonate, thereby reducing the available fluoride activity. Our own data indicates that when calcium _ 5 _ 104Z803 `
carbonate plus 25% or less o~ polymer particle~
is used as the abrasive agent in a fluor~de d~ntI-frice, the fluoride activ$ty is enhanced relati~e to the ~ame dentifrice containing calcium carbon-ats alone as the abrasive.
To illustrate the invention, the accompanying Fig 1 shows in graphical ~orm the abrasivity measurements of toothpaste compositionscontaining various proportions of waterworks ch~lk (W.M.D.-15~.m.), In Fig l, the ordinate represents the abrasivity o~ the mixture measured on an arbltrary scale [taklng a~ 100% standard the abrasivity of the cleaning agent present in the toothpaste sold in the United Kingdom under the name "Macleans Freshmint~].
The abscissa of Fig l represents the percentage by weight of the waterworks chalk in the mlxture.
The line A shows the abrasivity variation for mixtures by welght of waterworks chalk and a precipitated calcium carbonate having a WMD of 4~.
The 4~ chalk u~ed in this test was supplied by Sturge Ltd, under the name "Sturcal F" and ha~ a density of 2.7g/cc. Thus lt can be seen that the repl~cement in a cleaning agent by Sturcal F of waterworks chalk causes a gradual reduction in the abrasi~lty. In order to produce a mixture havir,g an abrasivlty of lOO on this scale, a 50:50 mixture of Sturcal F to waterworks rh~lk is required.
T/tllc m~ 6 - ~ .
.. r . . ~ , "
104Z8~3 The curve B shows the abrasivity ~ariat~on for mixtures of waterworks chalk and polymethyl methacrylate, a polymeric material used in accord-.
ance with this invention, on a weight basis. Thepolymer was supplied by I.C.I. as DV 400 grade powder and had a W.M.D. of 40~ and a density of 1 . lg/cc .
The abrasivities for the waterworks chalk/methacylate mixtures were tested on 6 dentine .
specimens by the Talysurf technique and the 1:
numerical results are shown in Table 1.
% Chalk in Chalk/Acrylic Blend I Abrasivity as ~ Fre~hmlnt I t Gravimetric ¦ Volumetric ~ Mean + S.D. ~ Median _ - I i 100 100 ~ 142 + 16 ~ 138 :
106 + 33 : 99 44 60 + 29 55 i 23 + 12 1 18 12.5 13 + 7 1 11
3.5 3 ~ 2 t 3 .
0 0 5 + 3 ~ 5 ., It will be seen from Fig 1 that the substitution of small proportions by weight of 40~ T~.M.Do polymethyl methacrylate for waterworks chalk produces large reductions in abrasivity. Thus an abrasivity of 100 is achieved with a mixture only 10% of methacrylate to O~S of waterworks chalk.
The reason for this dramatic effect is illustrated by the line C which represents mixture of waterworks chalk and methacrylate measured in ter~s of their proportions by volume. This shows a linear decrease in abrasivity as a given volume of chalk is replaced by that volume of polymer.
From these results it can be seen that inorder to obtain a curve of the type B, giving a large initial reduction in abrasivity for a small proportion by weij~ht of polymer, the poly-mer must:-(a) have a low abrasivity so that the abrasivity at intercept Y is much lower than the initial abrasivity X; and (b) have a lower density than the chalk so that a small percentage by weight will occupy a large percentage by volume of the mixture.
In a separate experiment, abrasivities were compared of mixtures containing waterworks chalk and another polymer in accordance with this -" 104Z8Q3 invention, viz. that sold under the name "Ponty-bond" (Pontyclun Chemical Co. Ltd.). The material used in this test, Pontybond 2150, has a W.M.D.
of about 15~. The particles are colourless, homogeneous spheres, are chemically inert but capable of absorbing small quantities of ali- ~
phatic liquids and rather larger amounts of -aromatic liquids. Pontybond has a true density of 1.005. The abrasivity results are shown in Table 2 and graphically in ~ig 2.
~ , , .
ADrasivlty as 5~ Freshmint ~ -% Waterworks Chalk _ in blend by Weight Mean + S.D. Median j .. . .. . ... ' 100.0 131 - 6 130 ``
87.5 103 + 16 98 ?
75.0 ! 80 + 7 78 50.0 ! 50 + 6 49 ~ .
25.0 j 20 + 7 20 - C 2 + 1 2 -~
These results demonstrate that by blending the 15~ Pontybond material with waterworks chalk, it is again possible to dramatically reduce the abrasivity.
The method of reducing the abrasivity of a dentifrice cleaning agent by the means descrlbed in this specification appears to be due to the fact that the polymeric material, occupies a large prop-~aJc ~narl( 1042BQ3ortion (compared to its weight) of the active vol-ume of the dentifrice from which the abrasive chalk particles can be used. The action of the highly abrasive particles is thereby hindered. It is9 however, not merely a dilution effect, caused by there being proportionally less abrasive per unit volume when abrasive is replaced by polymer.
This is proved by the curve D on Fig 1 which rep-resents the variation of abrasivity of the denti-frice caused by the mere removal of the water~orks chalk from the dentifrlce, so that the weight of abrasive per unit volume is gradually decreased.
No other abrasive or polymer is added to replace it. It can be seen that there is a very slow reduction in abrasivity until most of the chalk has been removed. A similar effect is observed if the chalk is replaced by a corresponding weight of water.
~ The dentifrices of this invention may be in any desired form, for example, pastes, liquids,gels, ointments, emulsions, powders, tablets, dragees or chewing gum, and comprise the additional ingred-ients conventionally incorporated in such prep-arations, mus a toothpaste; for instance, will usually comprise, in addition to the abrasive material as cleaning agent, a detergent, humectant, binding agent, flavouring agent preservatives and colou~r and sometimes a fluoride material such as - - . - - , . . - .
stannous fluoride, ammonium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate.
Commonly used dental detergents include sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate and ricinoleate and sulphoricinoleate derivati~es.
Suitable humectants include glycerol and sor~itol and also other polyalcohols such as propanediol and/or butanediol.
Binding agents are also required in tooth- ;
pastes to prevent separation of ingredients on storage. Such materials are, for example gum tragacanth, sodium carragheenate, cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose and -cellulose ethers, polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl~
pyrrolidone.
The dentifrice may also contain the con-~entional fla~ouring and swee~ening, substances such as peppermint or spearmint oil, menthol or oils of clove, wintergreen, eucalyptus, aniseed, rose, lavander; saccharin and sodium cyclamate.
Examples of preservatives which may be in-corporated into the dentifrice include p-hydroxy- .
benzaic acid esters; hexachlorophen; and known surfactants.
If desired colour may be imparted to the dentifrice by means of dyestuffs; or bleaches or - 11 - '.', 1~)4Z~3 optical brigh;eners may be incorporated, such as sodium perborate, magnesium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide - urea compounds.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples of toothpaste for.mulations containing abrasive materials according to the invention:
EXAMPLE 1 % w/w Glycerin 3-00 Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose 1.1 Sodium Saccharin 0.4 Calcium Carbonate (~n~D 10-15 microns) 45.0 Polymethyl methacrylate Granule~ DV400 5.0 (WMD 40 m~crons) Sodium Lauryl Sulphate 1.5 Flavour q.s.
Water to 100.00 EXAMPLE_2 % w/w Glycerin 30.00 Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulo~e 0.95 Calcium Carbonate (I~MD 10-15 microns) 35.00 Polymethyl ~ethacrylate Granules DV400 15.00 (WMD 40 microns) Sodium Lauryl Sulphate 1.5 Flavour q.s.
Sodium Saccharin q.s.
Water to 100.00 - , . . . . . - . . - . , . . , .. . . . . , , . , .. , , . " , . . . . .. . . .
, : ., - -, . - - - : , : - :.~: . ~ . , .: ; , : -.,, . .: - - -., . . . . . :
0 0 5 + 3 ~ 5 ., It will be seen from Fig 1 that the substitution of small proportions by weight of 40~ T~.M.Do polymethyl methacrylate for waterworks chalk produces large reductions in abrasivity. Thus an abrasivity of 100 is achieved with a mixture only 10% of methacrylate to O~S of waterworks chalk.
The reason for this dramatic effect is illustrated by the line C which represents mixture of waterworks chalk and methacrylate measured in ter~s of their proportions by volume. This shows a linear decrease in abrasivity as a given volume of chalk is replaced by that volume of polymer.
From these results it can be seen that inorder to obtain a curve of the type B, giving a large initial reduction in abrasivity for a small proportion by weij~ht of polymer, the poly-mer must:-(a) have a low abrasivity so that the abrasivity at intercept Y is much lower than the initial abrasivity X; and (b) have a lower density than the chalk so that a small percentage by weight will occupy a large percentage by volume of the mixture.
In a separate experiment, abrasivities were compared of mixtures containing waterworks chalk and another polymer in accordance with this -" 104Z8Q3 invention, viz. that sold under the name "Ponty-bond" (Pontyclun Chemical Co. Ltd.). The material used in this test, Pontybond 2150, has a W.M.D.
of about 15~. The particles are colourless, homogeneous spheres, are chemically inert but capable of absorbing small quantities of ali- ~
phatic liquids and rather larger amounts of -aromatic liquids. Pontybond has a true density of 1.005. The abrasivity results are shown in Table 2 and graphically in ~ig 2.
~ , , .
ADrasivlty as 5~ Freshmint ~ -% Waterworks Chalk _ in blend by Weight Mean + S.D. Median j .. . .. . ... ' 100.0 131 - 6 130 ``
87.5 103 + 16 98 ?
75.0 ! 80 + 7 78 50.0 ! 50 + 6 49 ~ .
25.0 j 20 + 7 20 - C 2 + 1 2 -~
These results demonstrate that by blending the 15~ Pontybond material with waterworks chalk, it is again possible to dramatically reduce the abrasivity.
The method of reducing the abrasivity of a dentifrice cleaning agent by the means descrlbed in this specification appears to be due to the fact that the polymeric material, occupies a large prop-~aJc ~narl( 1042BQ3ortion (compared to its weight) of the active vol-ume of the dentifrice from which the abrasive chalk particles can be used. The action of the highly abrasive particles is thereby hindered. It is9 however, not merely a dilution effect, caused by there being proportionally less abrasive per unit volume when abrasive is replaced by polymer.
This is proved by the curve D on Fig 1 which rep-resents the variation of abrasivity of the denti-frice caused by the mere removal of the water~orks chalk from the dentifrlce, so that the weight of abrasive per unit volume is gradually decreased.
No other abrasive or polymer is added to replace it. It can be seen that there is a very slow reduction in abrasivity until most of the chalk has been removed. A similar effect is observed if the chalk is replaced by a corresponding weight of water.
~ The dentifrices of this invention may be in any desired form, for example, pastes, liquids,gels, ointments, emulsions, powders, tablets, dragees or chewing gum, and comprise the additional ingred-ients conventionally incorporated in such prep-arations, mus a toothpaste; for instance, will usually comprise, in addition to the abrasive material as cleaning agent, a detergent, humectant, binding agent, flavouring agent preservatives and colou~r and sometimes a fluoride material such as - - . - - , . . - .
stannous fluoride, ammonium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate.
Commonly used dental detergents include sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate and ricinoleate and sulphoricinoleate derivati~es.
Suitable humectants include glycerol and sor~itol and also other polyalcohols such as propanediol and/or butanediol.
Binding agents are also required in tooth- ;
pastes to prevent separation of ingredients on storage. Such materials are, for example gum tragacanth, sodium carragheenate, cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose and -cellulose ethers, polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl~
pyrrolidone.
The dentifrice may also contain the con-~entional fla~ouring and swee~ening, substances such as peppermint or spearmint oil, menthol or oils of clove, wintergreen, eucalyptus, aniseed, rose, lavander; saccharin and sodium cyclamate.
Examples of preservatives which may be in-corporated into the dentifrice include p-hydroxy- .
benzaic acid esters; hexachlorophen; and known surfactants.
If desired colour may be imparted to the dentifrice by means of dyestuffs; or bleaches or - 11 - '.', 1~)4Z~3 optical brigh;eners may be incorporated, such as sodium perborate, magnesium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide - urea compounds.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples of toothpaste for.mulations containing abrasive materials according to the invention:
EXAMPLE 1 % w/w Glycerin 3-00 Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose 1.1 Sodium Saccharin 0.4 Calcium Carbonate (~n~D 10-15 microns) 45.0 Polymethyl methacrylate Granule~ DV400 5.0 (WMD 40 m~crons) Sodium Lauryl Sulphate 1.5 Flavour q.s.
Water to 100.00 EXAMPLE_2 % w/w Glycerin 30.00 Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulo~e 0.95 Calcium Carbonate (I~MD 10-15 microns) 35.00 Polymethyl ~ethacrylate Granules DV400 15.00 (WMD 40 microns) Sodium Lauryl Sulphate 1.5 Flavour q.s.
Sodium Saccharin q.s.
Water to 100.00 - , . . . . . - . . - . , . . , .. . . . . , , . , .. , , . " , . . . . .. . . .
, : ., - -, . - - - : , : - :.~: . ~ . , .: ; , : -.,, . .: - - -., . . . . . :
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1) A dentifrice composition comprising a cleaning agent which consists of from 75-99.9% by weight of particulate calcium carbonate and from 0.1-25% by weight of a water insoluble particulate polymeric material which is (a) less abrasive and (b) of lower average density than the calcium carbonate.
2) A dentifrice composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the particulate polymeric material is poly-methylmethacrylate or polystyrene.
3) A dentifrice composition as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the polymeric material has a weight median diameter of from 0.01 to 50 microns, and a Moh's hardness of 3 or less.
4) A dentifrice composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the polymeric material is present in an amount of from 0.1-15% by weight of the cleaning agent.
5) A dentifrice composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the polymeric material is in the form of particles which are hollow or have cavities.
6) A dentifrice composition as claimed in claim 1 which includes an ionic fluoride or fluorophosphate compound.
7) A dentifrice composition as claimed in claim 6 wherein the ionic fluoride or fluorophosphate is selected from stannous fluoride, ammonium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate.
8) A method of reducing the abrasivity of particulate calcium carbonate which comprises mixing particulate calcium carbonate with from 0.1-25% by weight of a water insoluble particulate polymeric material which is (a) less abrasive and (b) of lower average density than the calcium carbonate, said polymeric material having a Moh's hardness of 3 or less, and a weight median diameter of from 0.01 to 50 microns.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB598374A GB1449317A (en) | 1974-02-08 | 1974-02-08 | Dentifrice |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1042803A true CA1042803A (en) | 1978-11-21 |
Family
ID=9806268
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA219,573A Expired CA1042803A (en) | 1974-02-08 | 1975-02-07 | Dentifrice |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6149287B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT341104B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE825271A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1042803A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2505057A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK43375A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2260328B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1449317A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE40354B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1026450B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7501458A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7501344L (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3494739B2 (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 2004-02-09 | 株式会社ジーシー | Tooth surface treatment agent for dental glass ionomer cement |
| CN1155362C (en) * | 1998-08-24 | 2004-06-30 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | Toothpaste comprising fine and coarse calcium carbonate |
| WO2020212361A1 (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2020-10-22 | Unilever Plc | Oral care compositions |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE666987C (en) * | 1936-05-30 | 1938-11-02 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Dentifrices |
-
1974
- 1974-02-08 GB GB598374A patent/GB1449317A/en not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-01-10 IE IE47/75A patent/IE40354B1/en unknown
- 1975-01-24 IT IT47823/75A patent/IT1026450B/en active
- 1975-01-24 FR FR7502231A patent/FR2260328B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1975-02-04 AT AT82375A patent/AT341104B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-02-06 BE BE153134A patent/BE825271A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-02-06 DE DE19752505057 patent/DE2505057A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-02-06 SE SE7501344A patent/SE7501344L/xx unknown
- 1975-02-07 CA CA219,573A patent/CA1042803A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-02-07 DK DK43375*#A patent/DK43375A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-02-07 NL NL7501458A patent/NL7501458A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-02-07 JP JP50016118A patent/JPS6149287B2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE40354B1 (en) | 1979-05-09 |
| DE2505057A1 (en) | 1975-08-14 |
| ATA82375A (en) | 1977-05-15 |
| NL7501458A (en) | 1975-08-12 |
| BE825271A (en) | 1975-08-06 |
| IT1026450B (en) | 1978-09-20 |
| FR2260328A1 (en) | 1975-09-05 |
| IE40354L (en) | 1975-08-08 |
| SE7501344L (en) | 1975-08-11 |
| JPS50111244A (en) | 1975-09-01 |
| GB1449317A (en) | 1976-09-15 |
| JPS6149287B2 (en) | 1986-10-29 |
| AT341104B (en) | 1978-01-25 |
| DK43375A (en) | 1975-09-22 |
| FR2260328B1 (en) | 1980-04-25 |
| AU7766775A (en) | 1976-07-29 |
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