CA1042694A - Apparatus in a paper machine for improving the smoothness and gloss of the paper or cardboard surface - Google Patents
Apparatus in a paper machine for improving the smoothness and gloss of the paper or cardboard surfaceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1042694A CA1042694A CA227,909A CA227909A CA1042694A CA 1042694 A CA1042694 A CA 1042694A CA 227909 A CA227909 A CA 227909A CA 1042694 A CA1042694 A CA 1042694A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- smoothing
- web
- supporting beam
- paper
- paper machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
This invention relates to an apparatus in a paper machine for improving the surface smoothness and gloss of the paper or cardboard, comprising at least one smoothing means the action of which is mainly based on friction directed to the surface of the web to be smoothed. The smoothing means is or are placed in association with at least one drying cylinder of the paper machine to extend over the whole breadth of the web to be smoothed and to be parallel with the axis of the cylinder. The smoothing means comprises or comprise a supporting beam carried by the frame of the paper machine and a smoothing member provided along the side of the beam.The smoothing member consists of hard metal or ceramic microporous material and is urged by force means associated with the supporting beam against the web to be smoothed passing on the cylinder.
This invention relates to an apparatus in a paper machine for improving the surface smoothness and gloss of the paper or cardboard, comprising at least one smoothing means the action of which is mainly based on friction directed to the surface of the web to be smoothed. The smoothing means is or are placed in association with at least one drying cylinder of the paper machine to extend over the whole breadth of the web to be smoothed and to be parallel with the axis of the cylinder. The smoothing means comprises or comprise a supporting beam carried by the frame of the paper machine and a smoothing member provided along the side of the beam.The smoothing member consists of hard metal or ceramic microporous material and is urged by force means associated with the supporting beam against the web to be smoothed passing on the cylinder.
Description
lO~Z~;94 The present invention relates to an apparatus used in a paper machine for improving the surface smoothness and gloss of the paper or cardboard, which apparatus comprises one or several smoothing means, the operation of which is mainly based on a rubbing action directed to the surface of the web to be smoothed.
Conventionally, the surface smoothness and gloss of paper are achieved in a paper machine by a calender treatment subsequent to the drying process. Without such treatment, the surface of the paper web remains more or less uneven and rough.
This unevenness is due to the paper manufacturing process. At its forming phase in the web end of the paper machine the paper is in contact on one or both sides wire and felt fabrics so that these cause in the paper web surface the so-called marking, that is a pattern consistent with the structure of the fabrics in question. In part, the unevenness and roughness of the paper result from shrinkage and crumpling of the paper during the drying process.
The calender treatment may be accomplished either with a machine calender, placed in the paper machine between the drying cylinder section and the reeling attachment, or with a separate so-ca~led super-calender, which belongs to the paper after-treatment equipment. The smoothing and burnishing action both in the machine calender and in the super-calender is based on compression and deformation work exerted on the paper web in the nip defined by the rolls. There is no difference of velocity between the calender rolls and the web in the said nips. The eff~ct produced by the machine calender and the super-calender is apparent not only as increased smoothness and gloss of the paper but also as a considerable reduction in thickness of the paper and equalization of its thickness variations, which is a consequence of the pressure exerted on the web in the nip.
B ,~
~04'~f~94 A friction calender was widely used for one-sided burnishing of cardboard and of certain so-called high gloss special papers. The usual friction calender comprises two rolls, one of them an elastic paper roll and the other a glossy chill-cast roll. The latter is rotated at a peripheral velocity
Conventionally, the surface smoothness and gloss of paper are achieved in a paper machine by a calender treatment subsequent to the drying process. Without such treatment, the surface of the paper web remains more or less uneven and rough.
This unevenness is due to the paper manufacturing process. At its forming phase in the web end of the paper machine the paper is in contact on one or both sides wire and felt fabrics so that these cause in the paper web surface the so-called marking, that is a pattern consistent with the structure of the fabrics in question. In part, the unevenness and roughness of the paper result from shrinkage and crumpling of the paper during the drying process.
The calender treatment may be accomplished either with a machine calender, placed in the paper machine between the drying cylinder section and the reeling attachment, or with a separate so-ca~led super-calender, which belongs to the paper after-treatment equipment. The smoothing and burnishing action both in the machine calender and in the super-calender is based on compression and deformation work exerted on the paper web in the nip defined by the rolls. There is no difference of velocity between the calender rolls and the web in the said nips. The eff~ct produced by the machine calender and the super-calender is apparent not only as increased smoothness and gloss of the paper but also as a considerable reduction in thickness of the paper and equalization of its thickness variations, which is a consequence of the pressure exerted on the web in the nip.
B ,~
~04'~f~94 A friction calender was widely used for one-sided burnishing of cardboard and of certain so-called high gloss special papers. The usual friction calender comprises two rolls, one of them an elastic paper roll and the other a glossy chill-cast roll. The latter is rotated at a peripheral velocity
2 to 4 times that of the paper roll. The paper web or cardboard passes through the nip defined by the opposing rolls. In the nip the chilled roll, which has a speed higher than that of the web, causes a burnishing action on the surface of the web which is turned towards this chilled roll. If it is required to burnish the web on both sides, it has to be run twice through a pair of calender rolls. It is also possible to install two calenders one after the other, one of them for the top side and the other for the underside of the web to be burnished.
There have been other proposals for smoothing papers webs, such as, for example, in German patents nos. 527,130 and 597,449.
Calender treatment is necessary in particular for writing and printing paper. In the case of writing paper and of paper on which mainly text is going to be printed, a machine calender treatment may suffice. For accurate reproduction of illustrations or multicolour printing, the paper is required to possess high surface smoothness and frequently also gloss at the same time. In such cases a paper smoothing and burnishing treatment effected with a separate so-called super-calender is necessary.
~ n object of the prescnt invcntion is to providc a simple apparatus easily incorporable in the normal operation and construction of a paper machine for improving the gloss and smoothness of the web.
Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which makes the use of a separate super-calender 1~4Z~94 dispensable.
A further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for improving the gloss of the cardboard while simul-taneously preserving, to such an extend as possible, the stiffness of the cardboard in the paper machine direction.
These objects are achieved with an apparatus comprising one or several smoothing means, which apparatus is characterized in that each of the smoothing means is placed against at least one drying cylinder of the paper machine and extends over the whole breadth of the web to be smoothed in a direction parallel to the axis of said cylinder and in that each of the smoothing means comprises a supporting beam carried by the frame of the paper machine and a smoothing member extending along the supporting beam. The smoothing member consists of hard metal or ceramic microporous material is urged by force means associated to the supporting beam, against the web to be smoothed passing on the drying cylinder of the paper machine.
Usually the smoothing member is a non-rotating member having a shoe-like cross-section. To prevent it getting hot and wear locally, it must be slowly reciprocating around its axis.
This reciprocating smoothing shoe-like may be replaced in certain instances which is carried on the supporting beam so as to be rotatable.
In this case, no external means need to be connected to the axis of this roll member to rotate it. On the contrary, the rotation movement, which is caused by contact of the member against the paper surface, is braked by suitable (regulatable) means so that the peripheral velocity of the roll is appreciably lower than that of the web to be smoothed and the desired friction effect is achieved.
The preservation of the stiffness of the cardboard in the machine direction, which was mentioned as an object
There have been other proposals for smoothing papers webs, such as, for example, in German patents nos. 527,130 and 597,449.
Calender treatment is necessary in particular for writing and printing paper. In the case of writing paper and of paper on which mainly text is going to be printed, a machine calender treatment may suffice. For accurate reproduction of illustrations or multicolour printing, the paper is required to possess high surface smoothness and frequently also gloss at the same time. In such cases a paper smoothing and burnishing treatment effected with a separate so-called super-calender is necessary.
~ n object of the prescnt invcntion is to providc a simple apparatus easily incorporable in the normal operation and construction of a paper machine for improving the gloss and smoothness of the web.
Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which makes the use of a separate super-calender 1~4Z~94 dispensable.
A further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for improving the gloss of the cardboard while simul-taneously preserving, to such an extend as possible, the stiffness of the cardboard in the paper machine direction.
These objects are achieved with an apparatus comprising one or several smoothing means, which apparatus is characterized in that each of the smoothing means is placed against at least one drying cylinder of the paper machine and extends over the whole breadth of the web to be smoothed in a direction parallel to the axis of said cylinder and in that each of the smoothing means comprises a supporting beam carried by the frame of the paper machine and a smoothing member extending along the supporting beam. The smoothing member consists of hard metal or ceramic microporous material is urged by force means associated to the supporting beam, against the web to be smoothed passing on the drying cylinder of the paper machine.
Usually the smoothing member is a non-rotating member having a shoe-like cross-section. To prevent it getting hot and wear locally, it must be slowly reciprocating around its axis.
This reciprocating smoothing shoe-like may be replaced in certain instances which is carried on the supporting beam so as to be rotatable.
In this case, no external means need to be connected to the axis of this roll member to rotate it. On the contrary, the rotation movement, which is caused by contact of the member against the paper surface, is braked by suitable (regulatable) means so that the peripheral velocity of the roll is appreciably lower than that of the web to be smoothed and the desired friction effect is achieved.
The preservation of the stiffness of the cardboard in the machine direction, which was mentioned as an object
- 3 -~O~i94 of the invention, is ~ossible because the burnishing of the cardboard takes place on one or several drying cylinders with the aid of smoothing means according to the invention. It is thus understood that the cardboard web is not forced to lap rolls of comparatively small diameter as are calender rolls which could cause loss of part of its stiffness.
The invention and the advantages gainable thereby will be better understood with reference to the following non restrictive description of several embodiments, taken in connec-tion with the attached drawing, wherein:
Fig. l shows two embodiments of apparatuses according to the invention and their mechanical operation principle, mounted on a conventional machine calender;
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention wherein the smoothing member is a rotating smoothing roll;
Fig. 3 shows an apparatus according to the invention, applied in connection with a drying cylinder in a paper machine;and Fig. 4 shows a schematic axial section of another embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention provided with means for oscillating the su?porting beam of the smoothing member and the smoothing member in axial direction.
Fig. 1 shows a conventional machine calender having a frame (not depicted) either of the so-called open or closed type. Drying rolls 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 are provided with a very hard and wear-resistant surfacing. As top and bottom rolls lO, 15 in the calender, rolls which are compensated as regards their deflection may be used. In special cases the intermediate rolls 11, 12, 13 and 14 may also be deflection-compensated. The web to be smoothed, 20, passes through the calender in serpentine manner, a~ shown in dotted line.
The invention and the advantages gainable thereby will be better understood with reference to the following non restrictive description of several embodiments, taken in connec-tion with the attached drawing, wherein:
Fig. l shows two embodiments of apparatuses according to the invention and their mechanical operation principle, mounted on a conventional machine calender;
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention wherein the smoothing member is a rotating smoothing roll;
Fig. 3 shows an apparatus according to the invention, applied in connection with a drying cylinder in a paper machine;and Fig. 4 shows a schematic axial section of another embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention provided with means for oscillating the su?porting beam of the smoothing member and the smoothing member in axial direction.
Fig. 1 shows a conventional machine calender having a frame (not depicted) either of the so-called open or closed type. Drying rolls 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 are provided with a very hard and wear-resistant surfacing. As top and bottom rolls lO, 15 in the calender, rolls which are compensated as regards their deflection may be used. In special cases the intermediate rolls 11, 12, 13 and 14 may also be deflection-compensated. The web to be smoothed, 20, passes through the calender in serpentine manner, a~ shown in dotted line.
- 4 -~JJ~
~(~4~ 4 Fig. 1 also shows in association with the machine calender, four smoothing means, one in a,ssociation with each intermediate roll 11, 12, 13 and 14. The smoothing means - ;, ~04Zf~94 comprises a supporting beam 30, which is e.g. a box-type beam.
The supporting beams 30 are affixed to the frame structure at their ends by means of axle pins 31. Each supporting beam is urged, most appropriately with adjustable force means against each roll and the web to be smoothed, 20, passing over it.
The supporting beams 30 extend over the whole breadth of the web 20, and their longitudinal axes are parallel to the axes of the rolls 10 to 15. On the side of the supporting beams 30 adjacent to the rolls 11 to 14 a smoothing member 32 or 33 is affixed, which is of a material chosen from the group consisting of hard metals and ceramic substances such as silicium carbide, aluminium oxide, etc., which are commercially commonly available and which all have the characteristic feature, among others, of a microporous surface, by which a suitable smoothing and burnish-ing effect is obtained. For different paper grades, materials with different porosities can be chosen. In the example represented in Fig. 1, the web 20 passes so that it is subjected to the effect of the smoothing member 32, 33 on both sides alternatively.
Fig. 1 shows, only in connection with the topmost smoothing means 30, the force means by which the smoothing member 33 is urged against the outer surface of the web 20 passing over the roll 14. This force means comprise an arm 24, to the lower end of which the supporting beam 30 is attached by its ends by a axle pin 31. The upper end of the arm 24 is mounted with a pivot 22 to the frame of the paper machine. The piston rod 21 of a power cylinder 19 is connected to the arm 24. By the power cylinder 19 the smoothing means 32 is urged against the web 20. The final result of the smoothing operation can be affected by pressure adjustment of the power cylinders 19.
The smoothing member 32 or 33 is urged against the moving web 20, so that friction is produced, which increases the surface smoothness and gloss of the surface of the web 20. It is
~(~4~ 4 Fig. 1 also shows in association with the machine calender, four smoothing means, one in a,ssociation with each intermediate roll 11, 12, 13 and 14. The smoothing means - ;, ~04Zf~94 comprises a supporting beam 30, which is e.g. a box-type beam.
The supporting beams 30 are affixed to the frame structure at their ends by means of axle pins 31. Each supporting beam is urged, most appropriately with adjustable force means against each roll and the web to be smoothed, 20, passing over it.
The supporting beams 30 extend over the whole breadth of the web 20, and their longitudinal axes are parallel to the axes of the rolls 10 to 15. On the side of the supporting beams 30 adjacent to the rolls 11 to 14 a smoothing member 32 or 33 is affixed, which is of a material chosen from the group consisting of hard metals and ceramic substances such as silicium carbide, aluminium oxide, etc., which are commercially commonly available and which all have the characteristic feature, among others, of a microporous surface, by which a suitable smoothing and burnish-ing effect is obtained. For different paper grades, materials with different porosities can be chosen. In the example represented in Fig. 1, the web 20 passes so that it is subjected to the effect of the smoothing member 32, 33 on both sides alternatively.
Fig. 1 shows, only in connection with the topmost smoothing means 30, the force means by which the smoothing member 33 is urged against the outer surface of the web 20 passing over the roll 14. This force means comprise an arm 24, to the lower end of which the supporting beam 30 is attached by its ends by a axle pin 31. The upper end of the arm 24 is mounted with a pivot 22 to the frame of the paper machine. The piston rod 21 of a power cylinder 19 is connected to the arm 24. By the power cylinder 19 the smoothing means 32 is urged against the web 20. The final result of the smoothing operation can be affected by pressure adjustment of the power cylinders 19.
The smoothing member 32 or 33 is urged against the moving web 20, so that friction is produced, which increases the surface smoothness and gloss of the surface of the web 20. It is
- 5 -B
~04~;94 possible to use as smoothing member a rotating smoothing roll 33 or a reciprocating smoothing member having a shoe-type cross-section 32.
Referring to Fig. 2, the smoothing member consists of a rotating roll 33 of hard metal or ceramic material, which prefera-bly has a comparatively small diameter and is supported by the supporting beam 30 e.g. by means of roller bearings (not shown).
The roll 33 is rotated by friction of the web 20, and is braked, preferably with an adjustable torque means. Therefore, the peripheral velocity (Vl) of the roll 33 is substantially smal-ler than the velocity (V2) of the web 20 passing on the roll 33, (vl~c V2 ) .
The adjustable torque means may comprise a D.C. brake 51 with controllable speed. The brake 51 is connected to the roll 33 via chains 52 and 53, or equivalent. The roll 16 shown in figure 2 is a roll of the paper machine to be specified later on.
It is advantageous in some instances if the supporting beam 30 performs a slow reciprocating motion, that is, oscillates about its axis 31-31. This movement is achieved by means of hydrau-lic action means 23. The reciprocating motion is advantageousespecially in association with shoe-like smoothing members 32, because it allows the whole outer surface of the smoothing member 32 to be efficiently utilized and caused to wear uniformly, and to keep the temperature of the smoothing member 32 from rising locally to excessive calues. To this end, the outer surface of the smoothing member 32 is curved so that the centre of its radius of curvature R lies on the axis 31-~1.
The supporting beams 30 of the smoothing members 32, 33 may also reciproque axially as illustrated in Fig. 4. The supporting beam 30 is at one end joined with a pivot 26 and a lever arm 29 to a lever arm 28. The other end of the supporting beam 30 is acted on e.g. by a hydraulic means 27, which produces
~04~;94 possible to use as smoothing member a rotating smoothing roll 33 or a reciprocating smoothing member having a shoe-type cross-section 32.
Referring to Fig. 2, the smoothing member consists of a rotating roll 33 of hard metal or ceramic material, which prefera-bly has a comparatively small diameter and is supported by the supporting beam 30 e.g. by means of roller bearings (not shown).
The roll 33 is rotated by friction of the web 20, and is braked, preferably with an adjustable torque means. Therefore, the peripheral velocity (Vl) of the roll 33 is substantially smal-ler than the velocity (V2) of the web 20 passing on the roll 33, (vl~c V2 ) .
The adjustable torque means may comprise a D.C. brake 51 with controllable speed. The brake 51 is connected to the roll 33 via chains 52 and 53, or equivalent. The roll 16 shown in figure 2 is a roll of the paper machine to be specified later on.
It is advantageous in some instances if the supporting beam 30 performs a slow reciprocating motion, that is, oscillates about its axis 31-31. This movement is achieved by means of hydrau-lic action means 23. The reciprocating motion is advantageousespecially in association with shoe-like smoothing members 32, because it allows the whole outer surface of the smoothing member 32 to be efficiently utilized and caused to wear uniformly, and to keep the temperature of the smoothing member 32 from rising locally to excessive calues. To this end, the outer surface of the smoothing member 32 is curved so that the centre of its radius of curvature R lies on the axis 31-~1.
The supporting beams 30 of the smoothing members 32, 33 may also reciproque axially as illustrated in Fig. 4. The supporting beam 30 is at one end joined with a pivot 26 and a lever arm 29 to a lever arm 28. The other end of the supporting beam 30 is acted on e.g. by a hydraulic means 27, which produces
- 6 -n ~042t;~4 a reciprocating motion of the supporting beam 30 in the direc-tion of the arrow B. The supporting beam 30 is carried by appropriate guides to enable its reciprocating motion.
The roll 17 shown in Fig. 4, which has journal pins 18, is a drying cylinder.
In order to achieve a continuous surface extending over the whole breadth of the paper machine or of the web to be manufactured therewith, it the smoothing members32 and 33 are advantageous assembled of a series of elements 32a, 32b and 32c side by side as shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 3 shows a smoothing apparatus according to the invention in association with the last two drying cylinders 35 in the drying section of a paper machine. It should be remembered that the conventional drying section comprises drying cylinders in two superimposed rows, alternatively interstitial to each other. The web 20 travels part of its path between the surface of the heatable drying cylinders 35 and the drying felt, in a manner shown in itself in prior art. The guiding rolls for the drying felt 36 have the reference numeral 37 and the web guiding roll, the reference numeral 39. The rolls 33 serving as smoothing member have been positioned to press against the web 20 on the last drying cylinders 35 of the drying section. However, the smoothing members may in principle be mounted in connection with any drying cylinder 35, or they may be mounted on one or even on more than two drying cylinders. The higher the moisture content of the web 20, the easier is it to influence its surface smoothness.
On the other hand a remarkably wet web tolerated only little friction, and therefore in connection with a wet web 20 only a rotating smoothing roll 33 of Fig. 2 has to be employed as smoothing member. In the embodiment example of Fig.3 the web 20 will be smoothed on both sides.
In the embodiment of the invention presented in Figs.
~4'~94 3 the supporting beam 30 of the smoothing member 32, 33 can be oscillated with means as shown in Figs. 2 and 4. In this regard it should be noted that the force means shown in Figs. 2 and 4 the said means have been shown in a highly schematic way and in actual practice they may even greatly differ from those shown in the figures.
It is advantageous if the surface of the smoothing member 32, 33 treating the topside of the web 20 has a micro-structure finer than that of the surface of the smoothing member 32, 33 treating the wire side.
The smoothing and burnishing effect of the ceramic material used according to the invention in the smoothing members is in part at least based on the fine porosity of the material.
In the manufacturing of different paper and cardboard grades the porosity of the smoothing member is chosen in accordance with the particular type of paper and its quality. Moreover, the number and placement of the smoothing members can be varied to obtain in each case exactly such surface characteristics of the paper or cardboard as are desired, and these characteristics may further be influenced by adjusting the contact pressure between the web 20 and the smoothing member 32, 33 and by selection of the differential velocity (v2-vl) between the web 20 and the surface of the smoothing member 33. It is thus understood that there are several factors which can be varied in order to affect the smoothness and gloss of the paper or cardboard that is being produced.
The roll 17 shown in Fig. 4, which has journal pins 18, is a drying cylinder.
In order to achieve a continuous surface extending over the whole breadth of the paper machine or of the web to be manufactured therewith, it the smoothing members32 and 33 are advantageous assembled of a series of elements 32a, 32b and 32c side by side as shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 3 shows a smoothing apparatus according to the invention in association with the last two drying cylinders 35 in the drying section of a paper machine. It should be remembered that the conventional drying section comprises drying cylinders in two superimposed rows, alternatively interstitial to each other. The web 20 travels part of its path between the surface of the heatable drying cylinders 35 and the drying felt, in a manner shown in itself in prior art. The guiding rolls for the drying felt 36 have the reference numeral 37 and the web guiding roll, the reference numeral 39. The rolls 33 serving as smoothing member have been positioned to press against the web 20 on the last drying cylinders 35 of the drying section. However, the smoothing members may in principle be mounted in connection with any drying cylinder 35, or they may be mounted on one or even on more than two drying cylinders. The higher the moisture content of the web 20, the easier is it to influence its surface smoothness.
On the other hand a remarkably wet web tolerated only little friction, and therefore in connection with a wet web 20 only a rotating smoothing roll 33 of Fig. 2 has to be employed as smoothing member. In the embodiment example of Fig.3 the web 20 will be smoothed on both sides.
In the embodiment of the invention presented in Figs.
~4'~94 3 the supporting beam 30 of the smoothing member 32, 33 can be oscillated with means as shown in Figs. 2 and 4. In this regard it should be noted that the force means shown in Figs. 2 and 4 the said means have been shown in a highly schematic way and in actual practice they may even greatly differ from those shown in the figures.
It is advantageous if the surface of the smoothing member 32, 33 treating the topside of the web 20 has a micro-structure finer than that of the surface of the smoothing member 32, 33 treating the wire side.
The smoothing and burnishing effect of the ceramic material used according to the invention in the smoothing members is in part at least based on the fine porosity of the material.
In the manufacturing of different paper and cardboard grades the porosity of the smoothing member is chosen in accordance with the particular type of paper and its quality. Moreover, the number and placement of the smoothing members can be varied to obtain in each case exactly such surface characteristics of the paper or cardboard as are desired, and these characteristics may further be influenced by adjusting the contact pressure between the web 20 and the smoothing member 32, 33 and by selection of the differential velocity (v2-vl) between the web 20 and the surface of the smoothing member 33. It is thus understood that there are several factors which can be varied in order to affect the smoothness and gloss of the paper or cardboard that is being produced.
Claims (7)
1. Apparatus for use in a paper machine for improving the surface smoothness and gloss of a web of paper or paper board, comprising at least one smoothing means, the action of which is mainly based on friction directed to the surface of the web to be smoothed, characterized in that said smoothing means is placed against at least one drying cylinder of the paper machine, said smoothing means extending over the whole breadth of the web to be smoothed and being parallel to the axis of said cylinder, and in that said smoothing means comprises a supporting beam carried by the frame of the paper machine and a smoothing member extending along the supporting beam, said smoothing member consisting of hard metal or ceramic microporous material and being urged by force means associated to the supporting beam, against the web to be smoothed passing on said cylinder.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoothing member has a shoe-like cross-section and is affixed to the side of the supporting beam and in that the supporting beam is reciprocated around its axis by means of a reciprocating device while the smoothing member is continuously in contact with the web to be smoothed.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoothing member is a rotating smoothing roll rotatably carried on the supporting beam, said smoothing roll rotating by friction between its periphery and the web surface, the rotation speed of said smoothing roll being braked by torque means so that the peripheral velocity of said smoothing roll is substantially lower that the velocity of the web passing on the cylinder.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoothing means comprises action means for oscillating the supporting beam and the smoothing member in a direction parallel to the axis of the drying cylinder of the paper machine.
5. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the centre of the radius of curvature of the outer surface of the smoothing member is located substantially on the axis of the supporting beam.
6. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoothing member comprises several elements.
7. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the microstructure of the surface of the smoothing member treating the topside of the web is finer than the microstructure of the smoothing member treating the wire side thereof.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA227,909A CA1042694A (en) | 1975-05-28 | 1975-05-28 | Apparatus in a paper machine for improving the smoothness and gloss of the paper or cardboard surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA227,909A CA1042694A (en) | 1975-05-28 | 1975-05-28 | Apparatus in a paper machine for improving the smoothness and gloss of the paper or cardboard surface |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1042694A true CA1042694A (en) | 1978-11-21 |
Family
ID=4103174
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA227,909A Expired CA1042694A (en) | 1975-05-28 | 1975-05-28 | Apparatus in a paper machine for improving the smoothness and gloss of the paper or cardboard surface |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1042694A (en) |
-
1975
- 1975-05-28 CA CA227,909A patent/CA1042694A/en not_active Expired
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