CA1041692A - Process for preparing an elastomeric copolymer block - Google Patents
Process for preparing an elastomeric copolymer blockInfo
- Publication number
- CA1041692A CA1041692A CA171,698A CA171698A CA1041692A CA 1041692 A CA1041692 A CA 1041692A CA 171698 A CA171698 A CA 171698A CA 1041692 A CA1041692 A CA 1041692A
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- Prior art keywords
- ester
- process according
- derived
- block
- carboxylic acid
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
- C08G81/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C08G81/021—Block or graft polymers containing only sequences of polymers of C08C or C08F
- C08G81/022—Block or graft polymers containing only sequences of polymers of C08C or C08F containing sequences of polymers of conjugated dienes and of polymers of alkenyl aromatic compounds
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Fully esterified carboxylic acids, such as the lower alkanol derivatives of benzoic and pivalic acid, are used as linking agents in a polar solvent medium to link together polymer blocks in forming an elastomeric copolymer block A-B-A, such as styrene-1,3-butadiene-styrene. The ester linking agent is very effective even in polar solvent media such as are used to form the A and/or B polymer blocks.
Fully esterified carboxylic acids, such as the lower alkanol derivatives of benzoic and pivalic acid, are used as linking agents in a polar solvent medium to link together polymer blocks in forming an elastomeric copolymer block A-B-A, such as styrene-1,3-butadiene-styrene. The ester linking agent is very effective even in polar solvent media such as are used to form the A and/or B polymer blocks.
Description
; 1~9~9~ 2505 This invention relates to a process for preparlng an elastomeric block copolymer of the ~eneral formula A-B-A, where A is a non-elastomeric polymer block derived from an alkenyl-aromatic compound with an average molecular weight of between 200 and 100,000 and B is an ela tomeric polymer block with an average molecular weight of between 20,000 and 500,000 of the type comprising by polymerizing one or more monomers into a -~
i ~ .
`~ non~èlastomeric polymer block by means of a monofunctional -anionic inltiator, then polymerizing one or more monomers into 110 an ela~tomeric polymer block joined to the said non-elastomeric ~¦~polymer block, and linklng the resulting block copolymer to `;~
form the A-B-A bloak copolymer in a polar medium by the addltion of a linking agent. The invention also relate~ to artefacts `~
;~~ consisting wholly or partly of such elastomeric block copolymers.
~ Such block copolymers have elastomexlc properties in the un~ulcanized state, unli~e many other synthetic elasto-mers, which can only be used as elastomers after a vulcanization treatment. Another advantage o~ such block copoLymers is that they can be processed by methods that are commonly~used for ther~oplastic materlals, such as, for example, extru~io~ and i`njectlon moulding.
The usual block copolymers of this type are made up ~ ~.
of an alkenyl-aromatic compound e.g. styrene or a-methyl styrene :-~
~and a conjugated diene e.g. l~oprene or butadiene-1,3, ` ;~
~ Block copolymers of this type can be prepared by polymerizing one or more monomers lnto a non-elastomeric polymer block by means of a monofunctional anionic initiator, 3 then polymerlzing a monomer or monomers lnto an elastomeric `~
'~ polymer block joined to the non-ela~tomeric polymer block, and J30 finally linking the resulting block copolymers to form the B-A block copolymer by the addition of a linktng agent.
.~' i - 2 - ;
` Such a method of preparation is commonly carried out :~
in a non-polar solvent. In special instances however, it may be useful, or necessary to carry out the block copolymeri~ation : -completely or partly in a polar medium. Thus in the preparation ~ ~-5 of A-B-A b10ck copolymers whose non-elastomeric polymer blocks .~-~
`~ ~ A are made of ~-methyl styrene, it i9 necessary to carry out . .
:~ . the polymerization of the a-methyl styrene ih the presence of .. ~.
.,~ . . . .. .
j . a polar solvent to achieve a sufficiently rapid polymerization ;~ of this monomer~
. 10 Simllarly the preparation of A-B-A ~l~ck copolymers . .`
who~e elastomeric polymer block B is made of a styrene/butadiene ~. :
: copolymer ox of.polybutadiene, in w~ich the incorporation of the~butadiene in the polymer chain is pr~dominantly 1,2- and rans-1,4, requires the presence o a polar solvent, at least ~ ~ ; 15 in the pol~merization step to form the elastomeric polymer block.
... Y :. The presenae of a polar solvent at~any stage.in the ~:
.~ pre~aration of such block copolymer~ generally implies that the :
~ lin~ing. rea~tion wlll also have ~o be carried out in a polar -~
:~ med~u~. Hence, thexe is a need of link~ng agents that wlll .
':`J` ~ ~ ~ 20 pro~uae proper ilnkage in such a medium.
Many compounds have. previously been.propo ed as ~ : llnhlng agents~ for the l1nking reaction in a process for ~ . . preparing elastomeric block copolymers of the type A-B-A. Good .
,',!~ ' ' results aan be obtained in a non-polar medium if t~e linking ~ 2$. agent used is an ester of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, `~
!1 e,g.l, an es~er of a monoba~ic carboxylic acid and a monohydric ;~
l. . alcohol,.Sùch esters are cheap and ln ample ~upply.
.~ It has appeared, hGwever, that, if the linking i , reaatlon wlth the3e compounds is carried out in a polar medium, ~ 30 the mechanical properties o the block cop~lymers ~hus obtained :
..are as a rule c~nsiderably inferi~r to those ~btain~d by . . - 3 -.
i ~ .
`~ non~èlastomeric polymer block by means of a monofunctional -anionic inltiator, then polymerizing one or more monomers into 110 an ela~tomeric polymer block joined to the said non-elastomeric ~¦~polymer block, and linklng the resulting block copolymer to `;~
form the A-B-A bloak copolymer in a polar medium by the addltion of a linking agent. The invention also relate~ to artefacts `~
;~~ consisting wholly or partly of such elastomeric block copolymers.
~ Such block copolymers have elastomexlc properties in the un~ulcanized state, unli~e many other synthetic elasto-mers, which can only be used as elastomers after a vulcanization treatment. Another advantage o~ such block copoLymers is that they can be processed by methods that are commonly~used for ther~oplastic materlals, such as, for example, extru~io~ and i`njectlon moulding.
The usual block copolymers of this type are made up ~ ~.
of an alkenyl-aromatic compound e.g. styrene or a-methyl styrene :-~
~and a conjugated diene e.g. l~oprene or butadiene-1,3, ` ;~
~ Block copolymers of this type can be prepared by polymerizing one or more monomers lnto a non-elastomeric polymer block by means of a monofunctional anionic initiator, 3 then polymerlzing a monomer or monomers lnto an elastomeric `~
'~ polymer block joined to the non-ela~tomeric polymer block, and J30 finally linking the resulting block copolymers to form the B-A block copolymer by the addition of a linktng agent.
.~' i - 2 - ;
` Such a method of preparation is commonly carried out :~
in a non-polar solvent. In special instances however, it may be useful, or necessary to carry out the block copolymeri~ation : -completely or partly in a polar medium. Thus in the preparation ~ ~-5 of A-B-A b10ck copolymers whose non-elastomeric polymer blocks .~-~
`~ ~ A are made of ~-methyl styrene, it i9 necessary to carry out . .
:~ . the polymerization of the a-methyl styrene ih the presence of .. ~.
.,~ . . . .. .
j . a polar solvent to achieve a sufficiently rapid polymerization ;~ of this monomer~
. 10 Simllarly the preparation of A-B-A ~l~ck copolymers . .`
who~e elastomeric polymer block B is made of a styrene/butadiene ~. :
: copolymer ox of.polybutadiene, in w~ich the incorporation of the~butadiene in the polymer chain is pr~dominantly 1,2- and rans-1,4, requires the presence o a polar solvent, at least ~ ~ ; 15 in the pol~merization step to form the elastomeric polymer block.
... Y :. The presenae of a polar solvent at~any stage.in the ~:
.~ pre~aration of such block copolymer~ generally implies that the :
~ lin~ing. rea~tion wlll also have ~o be carried out in a polar -~
:~ med~u~. Hence, thexe is a need of link~ng agents that wlll .
':`J` ~ ~ ~ 20 pro~uae proper ilnkage in such a medium.
Many compounds have. previously been.propo ed as ~ : llnhlng agents~ for the l1nking reaction in a process for ~ . . preparing elastomeric block copolymers of the type A-B-A. Good .
,',!~ ' ' results aan be obtained in a non-polar medium if t~e linking ~ 2$. agent used is an ester of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, `~
!1 e,g.l, an es~er of a monoba~ic carboxylic acid and a monohydric ;~
l. . alcohol,.Sùch esters are cheap and ln ample ~upply.
.~ It has appeared, hGwever, that, if the linking i , reaatlon wlth the3e compounds is carried out in a polar medium, ~ 30 the mechanical properties o the block cop~lymers ~hus obtained :
..are as a rule c~nsiderably inferi~r to those ~btain~d by . . - 3 -.
2, linklng with these compounds in a non-polar medium.
~' The invention enables linking in a polar medium to be effected to yield block copolymers having good mechanical properties by the use of a particular class of esters as linking agents.
-. ~
The invention provides a process for preparing an elastomeric block ` copolymer of the general formula A-B-A, where A is a non-elastomeric polymer block derived from styrene and/or ~-methylstyrene with an average molecular `~ ~
weight between 200 and 100,000 and B is an elastomeric polymer block with an ~ -average molecular weight between 20,000 and 500,000 comprising polymerizing styrene and/or ~-methylstyrene into a non-elastomeric polymer block by means .. ~ . . .
of a monofunctional anionic initiator, then polymerizing isoprene and/or 1,3-butadiene into an elastomeric polymer block joined to the said non-elastomeric polymer block, and linking the resulting block copolymers in a polar medium to form the A-B-A block copolymer by the addition of a linking agent which is a fully esterified carboxylic acid in which no hydrogen atom is attached to the a-carbon atom and which is used in a proportion between 0,2 and 1 mole per mole of the anionic initiator used in the polymerization.
Esters used as linking agents according to the invention may be ~
derived from polycarboxylic acids and preferably from monocarboxylic acids ~`
particularly Cl-C12 and more particularly Cl-C8 acids containing no hydrogen atom attached directly to the ~-carbon atom. Particularly useful esters are :
those derived from an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, preferably, i containing from S to 20, particularly from 5 to 12, carbon atoms per molecule.
Particular examples of esters suitable for use according to the i~ invention are those derived from aromatic acids, e.g. benzoic acid, substit-i uted derivatives thereof, for example o-, m-, or p-methyl benzoic acid, ,~
~ ethyl benzoic acid, propyl benzoic ~ `-.. :j :' . :.
'':~ '` ~, :-: _ 4 _ 1`~ 2 acid, dimethyl benzoic acid, me-thyl-ethyl benzoic acid, pivalic ~'~
acid, phthallc acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, ,~,~,a~-tetramethyl adipic acid, a,a,a~ ,a'-tetraethyl adipic -' ' acld, a,a,a',a'-glutaric acid, a,a,al,a'-succinic acld, `t :
~ 5 ~,a-malonic acid, a,a,a',~'-pimelic acid, preferably benzoic '~
;~i acid or pivalic acid. ;~
Examples of alcohols from which esters su1table for ~;
}! uselaccording to the invention may be derived are methanol, ; ethanol, propanol-l, propanol-2, butanol, isobutyl alcohol, -ter~iary-butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, glycol, glycerol an~
~ 'benlyl alcohol. ~ ~' '~ The esters used in linking reaction according ' ' to the invention are generally in a proportion between 0.2 and mole per mole of initlator u~ed for the polymerization, 15 although larger amounts may possibly be used. I use is ~ade `~ ~
~ of $n ester'from a mono-carboxylic acid and mono hydroxy alco- ~ ' '~ ' hol/ the amount used is preferably about 0.5 mole per mole of `~
lni~i~ator used.
he~process according to the invention can be carried out with any monofunctlonal anion1c inLtiator, preferably initiators which contain lithiun.Partidularly preferred initia~
tors are organolithium compounds containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule and particularly those in which the lit~ium ; '~
atom i9 attaohed to a secondary carbon atom, as such inltiators ';~ ;' '~ 25 have a ~hort induction period. ' '~
.. -. . . .
''~ Particular examples of anionic initiators suitable for ~ use in the process of the invention are methyl lithium, ethyl -`
''':; lithium, butyl llthium, propyl lithlum, pentyl lithium, hexyl ' '' lithium~ cyclopentyl lithium, cyclohexyl lithlum and diphenyl-hexyl lithium. PartiaularIy good results are obtained with ~ n-butyl and secondary butyl lithiumO ' "' :.~ , ' ' ' ' ., ~
. . . .
~4~ 9Z
In the formation of the non-elastomeric polymer ~' blocks A, an alkenyl-aromatic compound, e.g., styrene9 nucleo-substituted derlvatives, and especially a-methyl styrene may be used as starting material. It is al~o possible to use ' 5 monomers that upon polymerization yield a copolymer or a block ', copolymer consisting of two or more segments.
~i The elastomeric polymer block B may be formed from ,, . ~. .
~ any monomer or monomer mixture that will yield an elastomeric ~`' ,., ,! . polymer b}ock upon polymerization. Excellent results are ob- ' ' : i . :. .
"~ 10 tained by the u~e of a'conjugated diene containing 4 to 12, ~1 preferably 4~to 8, carbon atoms per molecule. Examples of such ~' '''i dienes are isoprene, butadiene'-1,3, and pentadiene-1,30 Mixtures ~ ' . :~ . . i. .~
~, - 'of conjugated dienes or mixtures of conjugated dienes with a ;~ mlnor proportion of monovinyl aromatLc hydrocar~ons can be ' used i~ desired ~ The 11nking reactlon in the process according to the '~ ' lnv~ti~n 1s~car~ied out in a polar medium. In most instances -~ the polar ~edium ls already present at a stage preceding the '-' ;
linklng reaction. Thuc ih the prepàratlon of a block copolymer 0 ~contalning ~-methy1 sty~rene, the polymerization is'carried out ' '~
~"~,' $n a ~olar ~edium. Another possib111ty is to change from a non~
~ polar to a polar medium du~ing ~he block copolymerlzatlon, e.g. `;
'~ - by addlng a polar solvent to a non-polar solvent, The reaction - '~
~1 ~ medium in whlch the llnklng reaction 1~ effected preferably '~' 25 co~tains a hetero compound, i.e. a compound containing, besides carbon:and hydrogen, one or more other elements, preferably, ~ oxygen, nltrogen,~phosphor, and/or ~ulphur Examples of such '~ aompounds, which are usually polar, are tetrahydrofuran, ' methyl tetrahydrofuran, triethyl amine, hexamethyl phoephor triamine and'dim~thyl'sulphoxide. '' -, 5 "'-i ' . . - . ~.~. , ' ~34~92 ; ~. i The block copolymers obtained by the process according . to the invention may be used for many purposes, e.g. in the manufacture of fibres, foot-wear, underlays for floor covering, .~? adhesives, and coatings. It is also possible to incorporate the 5 block copolymers in other polymers or polymer compounds to ---,.,''D i~prove their properties, or they may be present during the polymerization o~ monomers into polymers eOg. polystyrene.
he ~ollowing Examples of the invention are provided, ~.
together with Comparative Experiments. In the Examples and . 10 Experiments the tensile strength, modulus at 300 % elongation, and elongation at rupture were measured according to NEN 5602, ::
the permanent elongation accordlng tot NEN 5606, and the meIt .. index according to ASTM-D 1238.
5~ e~æ~ v~ ~D~
.. ~i 400 ml of dried cyclohexane and 16.4 grams of styrene . dlstilled over calcium hydride were successively introduced ^~ : . int;o a dried, l-lltre rea~tor.provided with a stirrer, cooler ~ : and~thermometer. Thls mixture:was then heated to 55 C with .. ``~ .::20 stlrring, 1.1 mmoles of secondary butyl lithium added to ~:
.. i initiate~polymer1zation. The polymerization was continued for ~ 60 minutes,~while maintaining the temperature at 55 C. ~he. temperature was then lowered to 30 C and 40 grams.of purified .`~ .. butadiene-1,3 were introduced into the reaction mixture over ;~ 25 a period of 30 minutes. The polymarization was then continued ~-~or.a further 60 minutes, and ~inally 0.55 mmole of amyl acetate ~ -was added with intense stirring. The block copolymer thus ? obtained was recovered from the solution by adding methanol and ~-pouring into acetone. After drying, 56.5 grams of a block copo-1 30 lymer of the type polystyrene-polybuta~en~polystyrene were .~ obtained havlng the following properties upon measurement~
.? ~`
`1 : 7 ;:
~, .
.
~,~4~92 ~:
, , Tensile strength 309 kg/cm2 Mo~ul~ at 300 % elongation 31 kg/cm2 Elongatlon at rupture 680 % - ~
Permanent elongation 8 % '~ , , 5 Melt index (190 C, 1~ kg) 0.8 g/10 min. - ;
,~ The above experiment was repeated except that 10 ml ;: i; ~. .. .
,,' of tetrahydrofuran distilled over sodium were added prior to --', the addition of butadiene-1,3. After linking, which was conse- ' ;, quently effected in a polar medium, a block copolymer was ob- ' !~ 10 tained ha~ing the following properties: -'Tensile strength 111 kg/cm2 I,j Modulus at 300 % elongation 32 kg/cm2 ;' Elongation at rupture 650 ~ ' , Permanen~ elongation 7 ,~, 15 Melt index ~190 C, 10 kg) 6.4 g/10 min.
These,experiments show that block copo,lymers with a '~
high tensile strength cannot b~ obtained by linking a polar ' medium with amyl acetatç, such as may be obtained in a non-~
... ,:j . : ' ' ~
polar medlum.
, 20 ~ ' ~ Even if the tetrahydrofuran was added after the poly~
'1 ~ ' - merization of the butadiene and subsequently was linked wi~
"'"~"'1 "~amyl~acetate~ a ~lock copolymer with a relatively low tensile ~ `
;.. . . . .. ..
~ rength was obtained. , ~ ', ;, . . . ;:..: ..~, ~ . , .
~ Co~earative E~eeriment 2 ~ ~ ' `,1 : : . ~ , Comparatlve Experiment 1 was repeated, except that ''`' ' the linking agent used was ethyl propionate. A block copolymer , ~ with the following propertie, was obtained.
,.'1, ' ~', . .
.
,'~,, ;, .. ,..... , ... , , .. . ".. , , :
.. , ~ .. .... .. .
with without .. tetrahydroruran .
,~ Tensile strength 123 kg/cm2 295 kg/cm2 - ' Modulus at 300 ~ elongation 33 kg/cm 31 kg/cm2 ,~! . 5 Elongation at rupture 650 % 660 %
;.1 Permanent elongation 6 % 9 ~ '':;'i . ~....... . .
':;'., . Melt index (190 C, 10 kg) 5.7 g~10 min 0.8 g/10 min .~:
hese runs demonstrate that block copolymers with :j~; ' a high tensile qtrength can be obtained by linking with ethyl ., ., . . ,-, :
' 10 prop-ionate. in a non-polar medium, but not in a polar medium. ,- ~
.. ',.~ .: ~ , Comparatlve Experiment 1 was repeated, except that :: :
;,j ,, the~linking agent used was ethyl benzoate. The linking with . e~hyl-benzoate.was effected both in a non-polar medlum~ (not according to the invention) and in a'polar medium, A block :copolymer,was o~tained,.having the followinq properties~
, ' with . without ~ tetrahydrofuran ;~ ~ Tensile strength 300 kg/cm2 215 kg/cm2 , '~ :
~ 20 Modulus at 300 % elongation 45 kg/cm2 ~ 46 kg/cm2 ::
.. `.~ ~ Elongatlon at rupture ~ ~ 570 % 550 %
:.,.`.~ . '. :Permanent,elongation ~7 % 4 %
'~ Melt index ~:190 C,-lO'kg) 0.7 g/10 mLn 0.8 g/10 min ~;
~ These.runsjindicate that block copolymers wlth a good .,,~ 25 tensile.strength are obtained by the use accordlng to the lnvention of ethyl bensoate, a compound with no hydrogen atom ~`
on the a-carbon atom, in a polar medium. .:
,.,.~ . ~ ~.
~, ' ' . ' :~
~, _ g _ ,gz ~:
~-~ Comparative Ex~eriment 3 50 ml of ~-methyl styrene distilled over calcium hydride, 150 ml of dried cyclohexane, and 10 ml of tetrahydro-9 furan distilled over sodium wire were successively introduced `; 5 into a dried reactor provided with a stirrer, cooler, and thermometer. The mixture was cooled to -20 C with stirring, - after which 3.3 mmoles of secondary butyl lithium were added, ; to lnitiate the polymerization. The polymerization was cont1nued ~ . . .
~;for 60 minutes, the temperature being maintained at -20 C. Sub- `~
. ,j :
-10 sequently 3 ml of styrene distilled over calcium hydride, were ~1added, after which the reaction mixture was maintained~at 20 C for 15 mlnutes. After addition of 600 ml of cyclohexane, `
1 120 grams of purified butadiene-1,3 were added over a period ;~
of time of 90 minutes, the temperature being maintained at 30 C ;~
The polymerlzation was then continued at 30 C for another 60 minutes. Fihàlly 1.65 mmoles of amyl acetate were added with i ~
intense stirrlng.`
The block copolymer thus obtained was recovered from the solution by adding methanoL and pouring into acetone. After dryingi 167 grams of a block copolymer of the type poly(a-methyl ~` styrene~-polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene-polyta-methyl styrene~ were obtained which had the following properties~
Tensile strength 165 kg~cm2 ~ Modulus at 300 % elongation 43 kg/cm `'',~2~ 25 ~longation at rupture 650 % `~
1 ~ Permanent elongation ~0 ~ Melt 1ndex (190 C, 10 kg) 1.0 g/10 minO
',',. ` ~ :~
. .
: :.
~ . . !
-- 1 0 -- '~.
," 1 ' ' '~' ." .
'''i ' .
~ ."' ' .' . ' '.` ' . . ' ' . ' ` ' . ' ' ' ' ,, ' ' " ` ' ' ' ' , ' ' " ' ' . ' ' ' ' ' ' '; ~ ' , ' ' ' ' .' ' Example 2 Comparative Experiment 3 was repeated, except that , the linking agent used was ethyl benzoate. A block copolymer - -with the following properties was dbtained.
. ,~ , .
, i! 5 Tensile strength 224 kg/cm j Modulus at 300 % elongation 40 kg/cm2 ^, Elongation at rupture 580 %
Permanent elongation 14 Melt index ~190 C, 10 kg) 1.0 g/10 min.
.
. . :;,~ ~ , .
~ 10 Example 3 ,.. ,,.~ . - .:
~, Example 1 was repeated, except that the linking` ~ ~
: ~
agent used was methyl pivalate. A block copolymer with the ~j~ - following properties was obtained.
~I wlth without ~;
,I ~ 15 tetrahydrofuran -i`?i Tensile strength 205 kg/cm2 2aO kg/cm ^f ~ Modulus at 300 ~ elongation 33 kg/cm 31 kg/cm2 Elongation at rupture 630 % 650 ` Permanent elongation ` 6 ~ 9 %
Z0 Melt index ~190 ~, 10 kg~ 0,8 g/10 min 0.8 g/10 min.
`'if ' ' ,' ' .. ,~ . , . . .: .
i','~ : .::
;:: ~ i . , . :,:
.
. ~
:`, :
::
.. ~, ; i .
~' The invention enables linking in a polar medium to be effected to yield block copolymers having good mechanical properties by the use of a particular class of esters as linking agents.
-. ~
The invention provides a process for preparing an elastomeric block ` copolymer of the general formula A-B-A, where A is a non-elastomeric polymer block derived from styrene and/or ~-methylstyrene with an average molecular `~ ~
weight between 200 and 100,000 and B is an elastomeric polymer block with an ~ -average molecular weight between 20,000 and 500,000 comprising polymerizing styrene and/or ~-methylstyrene into a non-elastomeric polymer block by means .. ~ . . .
of a monofunctional anionic initiator, then polymerizing isoprene and/or 1,3-butadiene into an elastomeric polymer block joined to the said non-elastomeric polymer block, and linking the resulting block copolymers in a polar medium to form the A-B-A block copolymer by the addition of a linking agent which is a fully esterified carboxylic acid in which no hydrogen atom is attached to the a-carbon atom and which is used in a proportion between 0,2 and 1 mole per mole of the anionic initiator used in the polymerization.
Esters used as linking agents according to the invention may be ~
derived from polycarboxylic acids and preferably from monocarboxylic acids ~`
particularly Cl-C12 and more particularly Cl-C8 acids containing no hydrogen atom attached directly to the ~-carbon atom. Particularly useful esters are :
those derived from an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, preferably, i containing from S to 20, particularly from 5 to 12, carbon atoms per molecule.
Particular examples of esters suitable for use according to the i~ invention are those derived from aromatic acids, e.g. benzoic acid, substit-i uted derivatives thereof, for example o-, m-, or p-methyl benzoic acid, ,~
~ ethyl benzoic acid, propyl benzoic ~ `-.. :j :' . :.
'':~ '` ~, :-: _ 4 _ 1`~ 2 acid, dimethyl benzoic acid, me-thyl-ethyl benzoic acid, pivalic ~'~
acid, phthallc acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, ,~,~,a~-tetramethyl adipic acid, a,a,a~ ,a'-tetraethyl adipic -' ' acld, a,a,a',a'-glutaric acid, a,a,al,a'-succinic acld, `t :
~ 5 ~,a-malonic acid, a,a,a',~'-pimelic acid, preferably benzoic '~
;~i acid or pivalic acid. ;~
Examples of alcohols from which esters su1table for ~;
}! uselaccording to the invention may be derived are methanol, ; ethanol, propanol-l, propanol-2, butanol, isobutyl alcohol, -ter~iary-butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, glycol, glycerol an~
~ 'benlyl alcohol. ~ ~' '~ The esters used in linking reaction according ' ' to the invention are generally in a proportion between 0.2 and mole per mole of initlator u~ed for the polymerization, 15 although larger amounts may possibly be used. I use is ~ade `~ ~
~ of $n ester'from a mono-carboxylic acid and mono hydroxy alco- ~ ' '~ ' hol/ the amount used is preferably about 0.5 mole per mole of `~
lni~i~ator used.
he~process according to the invention can be carried out with any monofunctlonal anion1c inLtiator, preferably initiators which contain lithiun.Partidularly preferred initia~
tors are organolithium compounds containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule and particularly those in which the lit~ium ; '~
atom i9 attaohed to a secondary carbon atom, as such inltiators ';~ ;' '~ 25 have a ~hort induction period. ' '~
.. -. . . .
''~ Particular examples of anionic initiators suitable for ~ use in the process of the invention are methyl lithium, ethyl -`
''':; lithium, butyl llthium, propyl lithlum, pentyl lithium, hexyl ' '' lithium~ cyclopentyl lithium, cyclohexyl lithlum and diphenyl-hexyl lithium. PartiaularIy good results are obtained with ~ n-butyl and secondary butyl lithiumO ' "' :.~ , ' ' ' ' ., ~
. . . .
~4~ 9Z
In the formation of the non-elastomeric polymer ~' blocks A, an alkenyl-aromatic compound, e.g., styrene9 nucleo-substituted derlvatives, and especially a-methyl styrene may be used as starting material. It is al~o possible to use ' 5 monomers that upon polymerization yield a copolymer or a block ', copolymer consisting of two or more segments.
~i The elastomeric polymer block B may be formed from ,, . ~. .
~ any monomer or monomer mixture that will yield an elastomeric ~`' ,., ,! . polymer b}ock upon polymerization. Excellent results are ob- ' ' : i . :. .
"~ 10 tained by the u~e of a'conjugated diene containing 4 to 12, ~1 preferably 4~to 8, carbon atoms per molecule. Examples of such ~' '''i dienes are isoprene, butadiene'-1,3, and pentadiene-1,30 Mixtures ~ ' . :~ . . i. .~
~, - 'of conjugated dienes or mixtures of conjugated dienes with a ;~ mlnor proportion of monovinyl aromatLc hydrocar~ons can be ' used i~ desired ~ The 11nking reactlon in the process according to the '~ ' lnv~ti~n 1s~car~ied out in a polar medium. In most instances -~ the polar ~edium ls already present at a stage preceding the '-' ;
linklng reaction. Thuc ih the prepàratlon of a block copolymer 0 ~contalning ~-methy1 sty~rene, the polymerization is'carried out ' '~
~"~,' $n a ~olar ~edium. Another possib111ty is to change from a non~
~ polar to a polar medium du~ing ~he block copolymerlzatlon, e.g. `;
'~ - by addlng a polar solvent to a non-polar solvent, The reaction - '~
~1 ~ medium in whlch the llnklng reaction 1~ effected preferably '~' 25 co~tains a hetero compound, i.e. a compound containing, besides carbon:and hydrogen, one or more other elements, preferably, ~ oxygen, nltrogen,~phosphor, and/or ~ulphur Examples of such '~ aompounds, which are usually polar, are tetrahydrofuran, ' methyl tetrahydrofuran, triethyl amine, hexamethyl phoephor triamine and'dim~thyl'sulphoxide. '' -, 5 "'-i ' . . - . ~.~. , ' ~34~92 ; ~. i The block copolymers obtained by the process according . to the invention may be used for many purposes, e.g. in the manufacture of fibres, foot-wear, underlays for floor covering, .~? adhesives, and coatings. It is also possible to incorporate the 5 block copolymers in other polymers or polymer compounds to ---,.,''D i~prove their properties, or they may be present during the polymerization o~ monomers into polymers eOg. polystyrene.
he ~ollowing Examples of the invention are provided, ~.
together with Comparative Experiments. In the Examples and . 10 Experiments the tensile strength, modulus at 300 % elongation, and elongation at rupture were measured according to NEN 5602, ::
the permanent elongation accordlng tot NEN 5606, and the meIt .. index according to ASTM-D 1238.
5~ e~æ~ v~ ~D~
.. ~i 400 ml of dried cyclohexane and 16.4 grams of styrene . dlstilled over calcium hydride were successively introduced ^~ : . int;o a dried, l-lltre rea~tor.provided with a stirrer, cooler ~ : and~thermometer. Thls mixture:was then heated to 55 C with .. ``~ .::20 stlrring, 1.1 mmoles of secondary butyl lithium added to ~:
.. i initiate~polymer1zation. The polymerization was continued for ~ 60 minutes,~while maintaining the temperature at 55 C. ~he. temperature was then lowered to 30 C and 40 grams.of purified .`~ .. butadiene-1,3 were introduced into the reaction mixture over ;~ 25 a period of 30 minutes. The polymarization was then continued ~-~or.a further 60 minutes, and ~inally 0.55 mmole of amyl acetate ~ -was added with intense stirring. The block copolymer thus ? obtained was recovered from the solution by adding methanol and ~-pouring into acetone. After drying, 56.5 grams of a block copo-1 30 lymer of the type polystyrene-polybuta~en~polystyrene were .~ obtained havlng the following properties upon measurement~
.? ~`
`1 : 7 ;:
~, .
.
~,~4~92 ~:
, , Tensile strength 309 kg/cm2 Mo~ul~ at 300 % elongation 31 kg/cm2 Elongatlon at rupture 680 % - ~
Permanent elongation 8 % '~ , , 5 Melt index (190 C, 1~ kg) 0.8 g/10 min. - ;
,~ The above experiment was repeated except that 10 ml ;: i; ~. .. .
,,' of tetrahydrofuran distilled over sodium were added prior to --', the addition of butadiene-1,3. After linking, which was conse- ' ;, quently effected in a polar medium, a block copolymer was ob- ' !~ 10 tained ha~ing the following properties: -'Tensile strength 111 kg/cm2 I,j Modulus at 300 % elongation 32 kg/cm2 ;' Elongation at rupture 650 ~ ' , Permanen~ elongation 7 ,~, 15 Melt index ~190 C, 10 kg) 6.4 g/10 min.
These,experiments show that block copo,lymers with a '~
high tensile strength cannot b~ obtained by linking a polar ' medium with amyl acetatç, such as may be obtained in a non-~
... ,:j . : ' ' ~
polar medlum.
, 20 ~ ' ~ Even if the tetrahydrofuran was added after the poly~
'1 ~ ' - merization of the butadiene and subsequently was linked wi~
"'"~"'1 "~amyl~acetate~ a ~lock copolymer with a relatively low tensile ~ `
;.. . . . .. ..
~ rength was obtained. , ~ ', ;, . . . ;:..: ..~, ~ . , .
~ Co~earative E~eeriment 2 ~ ~ ' `,1 : : . ~ , Comparatlve Experiment 1 was repeated, except that ''`' ' the linking agent used was ethyl propionate. A block copolymer , ~ with the following propertie, was obtained.
,.'1, ' ~', . .
.
,'~,, ;, .. ,..... , ... , , .. . ".. , , :
.. , ~ .. .... .. .
with without .. tetrahydroruran .
,~ Tensile strength 123 kg/cm2 295 kg/cm2 - ' Modulus at 300 ~ elongation 33 kg/cm 31 kg/cm2 ,~! . 5 Elongation at rupture 650 % 660 %
;.1 Permanent elongation 6 % 9 ~ '':;'i . ~....... . .
':;'., . Melt index (190 C, 10 kg) 5.7 g~10 min 0.8 g/10 min .~:
hese runs demonstrate that block copolymers with :j~; ' a high tensile qtrength can be obtained by linking with ethyl ., ., . . ,-, :
' 10 prop-ionate. in a non-polar medium, but not in a polar medium. ,- ~
.. ',.~ .: ~ , Comparatlve Experiment 1 was repeated, except that :: :
;,j ,, the~linking agent used was ethyl benzoate. The linking with . e~hyl-benzoate.was effected both in a non-polar medlum~ (not according to the invention) and in a'polar medium, A block :copolymer,was o~tained,.having the followinq properties~
, ' with . without ~ tetrahydrofuran ;~ ~ Tensile strength 300 kg/cm2 215 kg/cm2 , '~ :
~ 20 Modulus at 300 % elongation 45 kg/cm2 ~ 46 kg/cm2 ::
.. `.~ ~ Elongatlon at rupture ~ ~ 570 % 550 %
:.,.`.~ . '. :Permanent,elongation ~7 % 4 %
'~ Melt index ~:190 C,-lO'kg) 0.7 g/10 mLn 0.8 g/10 min ~;
~ These.runsjindicate that block copolymers wlth a good .,,~ 25 tensile.strength are obtained by the use accordlng to the lnvention of ethyl bensoate, a compound with no hydrogen atom ~`
on the a-carbon atom, in a polar medium. .:
,.,.~ . ~ ~.
~, ' ' . ' :~
~, _ g _ ,gz ~:
~-~ Comparative Ex~eriment 3 50 ml of ~-methyl styrene distilled over calcium hydride, 150 ml of dried cyclohexane, and 10 ml of tetrahydro-9 furan distilled over sodium wire were successively introduced `; 5 into a dried reactor provided with a stirrer, cooler, and thermometer. The mixture was cooled to -20 C with stirring, - after which 3.3 mmoles of secondary butyl lithium were added, ; to lnitiate the polymerization. The polymerization was cont1nued ~ . . .
~;for 60 minutes, the temperature being maintained at -20 C. Sub- `~
. ,j :
-10 sequently 3 ml of styrene distilled over calcium hydride, were ~1added, after which the reaction mixture was maintained~at 20 C for 15 mlnutes. After addition of 600 ml of cyclohexane, `
1 120 grams of purified butadiene-1,3 were added over a period ;~
of time of 90 minutes, the temperature being maintained at 30 C ;~
The polymerlzation was then continued at 30 C for another 60 minutes. Fihàlly 1.65 mmoles of amyl acetate were added with i ~
intense stirrlng.`
The block copolymer thus obtained was recovered from the solution by adding methanoL and pouring into acetone. After dryingi 167 grams of a block copolymer of the type poly(a-methyl ~` styrene~-polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene-polyta-methyl styrene~ were obtained which had the following properties~
Tensile strength 165 kg~cm2 ~ Modulus at 300 % elongation 43 kg/cm `'',~2~ 25 ~longation at rupture 650 % `~
1 ~ Permanent elongation ~0 ~ Melt 1ndex (190 C, 10 kg) 1.0 g/10 minO
',',. ` ~ :~
. .
: :.
~ . . !
-- 1 0 -- '~.
," 1 ' ' '~' ." .
'''i ' .
~ ."' ' .' . ' '.` ' . . ' ' . ' ` ' . ' ' ' ' ,, ' ' " ` ' ' ' ' , ' ' " ' ' . ' ' ' ' ' ' '; ~ ' , ' ' ' ' .' ' Example 2 Comparative Experiment 3 was repeated, except that , the linking agent used was ethyl benzoate. A block copolymer - -with the following properties was dbtained.
. ,~ , .
, i! 5 Tensile strength 224 kg/cm j Modulus at 300 % elongation 40 kg/cm2 ^, Elongation at rupture 580 %
Permanent elongation 14 Melt index ~190 C, 10 kg) 1.0 g/10 min.
.
. . :;,~ ~ , .
~ 10 Example 3 ,.. ,,.~ . - .:
~, Example 1 was repeated, except that the linking` ~ ~
: ~
agent used was methyl pivalate. A block copolymer with the ~j~ - following properties was obtained.
~I wlth without ~;
,I ~ 15 tetrahydrofuran -i`?i Tensile strength 205 kg/cm2 2aO kg/cm ^f ~ Modulus at 300 ~ elongation 33 kg/cm 31 kg/cm2 Elongation at rupture 630 % 650 ` Permanent elongation ` 6 ~ 9 %
Z0 Melt index ~190 ~, 10 kg~ 0,8 g/10 min 0.8 g/10 min.
`'if ' ' ,' ' .. ,~ . , . . .: .
i','~ : .::
;:: ~ i . , . :,:
.
. ~
:`, :
::
.. ~, ; i .
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A process for preparing an elastomeric block copolymer of the general formula A-B-A, where A is a non-elastomeric polymer block derived from styrene and/or .alpha.-methylstyrene with an average molecular weight between 200 and 100,000 and B is an elastomeric polymer block with an average molecular weight between 20,000 and 500,000 comprising polymerizing styrene and/or .alpha.-methylstyrene into a non-elastomeric polymer block by means of a monofunctional anionic initiator, then polymerizing isoprene and/or 1,3-butadiene into an elastomeric polymer block joined to the said non-elastomeric polymer block, and linking the resulting block copolymers in a polar medium to form the A-B-A block copolymer by the addition of a linking agent which is a fully esterified carboxylic acid in which no hydrogen atom is attached to the .alpha.-carbon atom and which is used in a proportion between 0.2 and 1 mole per mole of the anionic initiator used in the polymerization.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the ester is an ester derived from a C5-C20 carboxylic acid with 5 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule.
3, A process according to claim 1, wherein the said ester is derived from a C5-C8 carboxylic acid.
4. A process according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ester is an ester derived from an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid.
5. A process according to claim 1, wherein the ester is an ester derived from a monobasic carboxylic acid.
6. A process according to claim 5, wherein the ester is an ester derived from benzoic acid or pivalic acid.
7. A process according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the ester is an ester derived from C2-C8 alcohol.
8. A process according to claim 1, wherein the ester is an ester derived from a monohydric alcohol.
9. A process according to claim 8, wherein the ester is an ester derived from methanol or ethanol.
10. Elastomeric block polymers whenever obtained by a process accord-ing to any of claims 1 to 3.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL7206873A NL7206873A (en) | 1972-05-20 | 1972-05-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1041692A true CA1041692A (en) | 1978-10-31 |
Family
ID=19816094
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA171,698A Expired CA1041692A (en) | 1972-05-20 | 1973-05-17 | Process for preparing an elastomeric copolymer block |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS4950092A (en) |
BE (1) | BE799732A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1041692A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2325365A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2185634B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1430985A (en) |
IT (1) | IT986091B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7206873A (en) |
-
1972
- 1972-05-20 NL NL7206873A patent/NL7206873A/xx unknown
-
1973
- 1973-05-15 GB GB2311173A patent/GB1430985A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-05-17 CA CA171,698A patent/CA1041692A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-05-17 FR FR7317890A patent/FR2185634B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-05-18 DE DE19732325365 patent/DE2325365A1/en active Pending
- 1973-05-18 IT IT5008873A patent/IT986091B/en active
- 1973-05-18 BE BE131275A patent/BE799732A/en unknown
- 1973-05-21 JP JP5665973A patent/JPS4950092A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1430985A (en) | 1976-04-07 |
JPS4950092A (en) | 1974-05-15 |
BE799732A (en) | 1973-11-19 |
NL7206873A (en) | 1973-11-22 |
DE2325365A1 (en) | 1973-11-29 |
FR2185634B1 (en) | 1978-05-26 |
FR2185634A1 (en) | 1974-01-04 |
IT986091B (en) | 1975-01-10 |
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