CA1041036A - Electrochemical apparatus and process for the manufacture of halates - Google Patents
Electrochemical apparatus and process for the manufacture of halatesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1041036A CA1041036A CA152,486A CA152486A CA1041036A CA 1041036 A CA1041036 A CA 1041036A CA 152486 A CA152486 A CA 152486A CA 1041036 A CA1041036 A CA 1041036A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- anodes
- cathodes
- electrolyte
- chlorate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 4
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum-iridium alloy Chemical class [Ir].[Pt] HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000566 Platinum-iridium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 138
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 35
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- DJKGDNKYTKCJKD-BPOCMEKLSA-N (1s,4r,5s,6r)-1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-5,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)[C@]2(Cl)[C@H](C(=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@]1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl DJKGDNKYTKCJKD-BPOCMEKLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001902 chlorine oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 229940058401 polytetrafluoroethylene Drugs 0.000 claims 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- JFBJUMZWZDHTIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine chlorite Inorganic materials ClOCl=O JFBJUMZWZDHTIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010442 halite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052811 halogen oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FLBJFXNAEMSXGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N het anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C2C1C1(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C2(Cl)C1(Cl)Cl FLBJFXNAEMSXGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920004546 Hetron™ Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004801 Chlorinated PVC Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000457 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000727 fraction Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]I(=O)=O JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001230 potassium iodate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006666 potassium iodate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940093930 potassium iodate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000063 preceeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUXNAKZDHHEHPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Br(=O)=O XUXNAKZDHHEHPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
- C25B1/265—Chlorates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18674971A | 1971-10-05 | 1971-10-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1041036A true CA1041036A (en) | 1978-10-24 |
Family
ID=22686146
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA152,486A Expired CA1041036A (en) | 1971-10-05 | 1972-09-25 | Electrochemical apparatus and process for the manufacture of halates |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3732153A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS4852697A (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU470326B2 (enExample) |
| BE (1) | BE789594A (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR7206893D0 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1041036A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2248552A1 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2156020B1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1396357A (enExample) |
| IT (1) | IT968592B (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL7213377A (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3986942A (en) * | 1974-08-02 | 1976-10-19 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Electrolytic process and apparatus |
| FR2303093A1 (fr) * | 1975-03-06 | 1976-10-01 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Cellule d'electrolyse sans diaphragme, notamment pour l'obtention de chlorates de metaux alcalins |
| US4039420A (en) * | 1976-03-24 | 1977-08-02 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Halate cell top |
| US4101406A (en) * | 1976-04-01 | 1978-07-18 | Gow Enterprises Limited | Simplified electrolytic system |
| US4218293A (en) * | 1979-02-02 | 1980-08-19 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Electrochemical apparatus and process for manufacturing halates |
| SE416963B (sv) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-02-16 | Kema Nord Ab | Elektrolysor for kloratframstellning |
| US4332648A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1982-06-01 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Electrolytic apparatus for the manufacture of alkali metal halate |
| US4332659A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1982-06-01 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Electrolytic apparatus for the manufacture of alkali metal halate |
| JPS5928635B2 (ja) * | 1981-04-17 | 1984-07-14 | 保土谷化学工業株式会社 | 塩素酸アルカリ用塔式電解装置及び塩素酸アルカリの電解製造方法 |
| US6805787B2 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2004-10-19 | Severn Trent Services-Water Purification Solutions, Inc. | Method and system for generating hypochlorite |
| MY182635A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2021-01-27 | Ineos Tech Sa | Electrode assembly, electrode structures and electrolysers |
| US10597313B2 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2020-03-24 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Chlorination-assisted coagulation processes for water purification |
-
1971
- 1971-10-05 US US00186749A patent/US3732153A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-09-06 AU AU46345/72A patent/AU470326B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-09-08 GB GB4188472A patent/GB1396357A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-09-25 CA CA152,486A patent/CA1041036A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-10-02 BE BE789594D patent/BE789594A/xx unknown
- 1972-10-03 JP JP47099373A patent/JPS4852697A/ja active Pending
- 1972-10-03 NL NL7213377A patent/NL7213377A/xx unknown
- 1972-10-04 BR BR006893/72A patent/BR7206893D0/pt unknown
- 1972-10-04 DE DE19722248552 patent/DE2248552A1/de active Pending
- 1972-10-04 IT IT30047/72A patent/IT968592B/it active
- 1972-10-04 FR FR7235146A patent/FR2156020B1/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS4852697A (enExample) | 1973-07-24 |
| FR2156020B1 (enExample) | 1977-04-01 |
| FR2156020A1 (enExample) | 1973-05-25 |
| AU470326B2 (en) | 1976-03-11 |
| AU4634572A (en) | 1974-03-14 |
| BR7206893D0 (pt) | 1973-08-23 |
| IT968592B (it) | 1974-03-20 |
| GB1396357A (en) | 1975-06-04 |
| NL7213377A (enExample) | 1973-04-09 |
| US3732153A (en) | 1973-05-08 |
| DE2248552A1 (de) | 1973-04-12 |
| BE789594A (fr) | 1973-04-02 |
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