CA1040134A - Cathodic protection device - Google Patents
Cathodic protection deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1040134A CA1040134A CA195,011A CA195011A CA1040134A CA 1040134 A CA1040134 A CA 1040134A CA 195011 A CA195011 A CA 195011A CA 1040134 A CA1040134 A CA 1040134A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- recess
- housing
- hull
- electrode
- boat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F2213/30—Anodic or cathodic protection specially adapted for a specific object
- C23F2213/31—Immersed structures, e.g. submarine structures
Abstract
CATHODIC PROTECTION DEVICE
Abstract of the Invention A marine cathodic protection device for aluminum hulls, stern drives and outboard motors, adapted for through hull installation on the bottom of a boat. Housings utilizing airfoil cross section reduce drag and afford protection for the electrode surfaces.
Abstract of the Invention A marine cathodic protection device for aluminum hulls, stern drives and outboard motors, adapted for through hull installation on the bottom of a boat. Housings utilizing airfoil cross section reduce drag and afford protection for the electrode surfaces.
Description
3'~
BAC~GROUND ~' THE INVENTION
~ ith the advent of aluminum hulled boats, aluminum stern drive propulsion units, and larger outboards with siz-able areas of aluminum casing below the water, it has become increasingly important to provide adequate cathodic protectioni particularly in salt, ~rackish or polluted waters. In addikion, visits to crowded marinas where shore power is often taken aboard makes cathodic protection a virtual necessity.
The basic concept of cathodic protection of vessels is not new, and various configurations of anodes and reference 1~ electrodes have been tried. For example, U.S. patent 3,117,070 to the inventor teaches a bronze half-cell suitable for use on a steel hull, and the assignee hereof has marketed a cathodic protection device employing cylindrical electrodes mounted through the transom of the boat.
One probl~m with the prior art devices which mounted through the transom was that they were out of the water when the boat was running at high speed. This resulted in significant loss of protection.
Another problem wi~h prior art electrodes which were capable of being mounted on the bottom of a boat was the wearing away of the ackive material on the anode with a resulting deterioration in the effectiveness of the system.
Accordingly it is an objeckive of the invention to provide an anode and a reference electrode particularly suited for installation on the bottom of the boat.
It is a further objective of the invention to protect the anode and reference electrode from abrasive damage such as that encountered when a boat runs aground.
It is a still further objective of the invention to max.imize the ruggedness and reliability of the aforesaid electrodes by enclosing them within rugged corrosion and erosion resistant housings.
.
'l~f~3~3g~
Another objective of the in~ention, consistent wit~
the ore~oing, is to reduce water drag on the electrodes throug~ utilization of streamlined housings.
. .. . .. .. . . . . ... . . . . . .
Summary -of t~e Present Invention Basically the invention comprises a reference electrode and a companion anode, each retained by a separate mounted housing of streamlined cross-sectionO The anode's platinum electrode surface is recessed within its housing, and the reference electrode is enclosed within a chamber opening to the surrounding water through a series of apertures. Means for mounting the housings upon the bottom of the boat are provided, including conduits to permit electrical connection of the anode and reference electrode to a control circuit.
More particularly, the invention provides a reference electrode for a marine cathode protection device which include a housing, a wire electrode mounted in the housing and means for mounting the housiny to the hull of a boat including means providin~ for connection of the wire electrode to a control circuit for the cathodic protection device. The housing comprises a body of erosion and corrosion resistant, electric-ally insulating, material. The body is molded about a metallic structura--support member including a first portion having a plurality of radially extending fins adapted to engage the hull of a boat for maintaining the support member on the hull in a preselected rotational position and a second portion having a plurality of fingers extending radially into the molded position of the body for maintaining the body in position on the support member. The housing has a recess therein receiving the wire electrode. A cover mounted over the recess r the body and cover having an airfoil camber along its longitudinal axis and the cover having a plurality of passages therethrough communicating ~ r~
a ` 3L~f~13-~
with the xecess.
The invention also compreh~nd$ in combination, an anode and companion reference eIectrode for use with a marine cathodic protection system with each comprising a housing of similar cons~ruction as above, th~ anode housing howeuer having a recess extending aft from a point behind the maximum rise of the airfoil camber and communicating with the surface of the anode housing so that an outer surface of an anode elect-rode in said anode housing recess is exposed only along the trail-ing portion of said anode housing.
Chief among the advantages of the invention isprotection of the electrodes while affording them maximum possible exposure to the surrounding seawater, and at a minimum cost in drag. A further advantage of the invention is increased protective capacity of electrodes through selective use of materials, again made possible by the configuration of the aforementioned housings. Lastly, the invention provides rugged and reliable electrodes at a cost consistent with their use on small pleasure crafts.
Other objectives, advantages, and various further features of novelty and invention will be pointed out or will occur to those skilled ' ;~
.
in the art from a reacling of the following speciiication in conjunction with the accompan~ring drawings.
Brief Description of thc Drawings Figures la and lb are perspective views of an anode and S reference electrode respectively of the invention.
Figures 2a and 2b are longitudinal cross-sectional views of an anode and a reference electrode respecti~ely of the invention.
~ igures 3a and 3b are lateral cross-sectional views of the anode and reference electrode of figure 1 taken resp~ctively along lines 3a-3a and 3b-3b; Figure 3a shown wi-th Figures la and 2a;
~igure 3b shown with ~igures lb and 2b.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment ~ igure 1 illustrates the similarities and the differences be~l~een an anode 1 of the in~ention and a re.fer~nce electrode '~
15 overall si~e and shape of the housings 3 and ~ of the two units are substantially identical, The housings have been given a modified airfoil shape so that they offer minimum resistance to passage through the water in the direction of the arrows in Figure 1. To avoid erosion and corrosion the housings are preferably made of an acetal polymer 20 plastic such as Celene~, This material was selected for its resistance to the environment created by the electrolytic action at ~he electrodes, The anode electrode 5 extends aft from a point slightly aft of the ma~imum height or camber of the anode housing 3, to a point just 25 forward of the trailing edge of the housing 3; so that it is protected ~rom direct frontal contact with the fluid stream passillg o~er the anode, and with sand or other solid objects over which may come in contact ~ith the bottom of the boat and the forward part of t~lc housing.
_4_ .
'~6Df~ 3~
As ill~ ra~ed I~SL i-l Figures la and 3a, the edges 7 of the anode housing 3 surrounding the anode electrode 5 are rounded so ~at they contact the surface of that electrode at an oblique angle.
Ihis affords the anode maximum effective contact with the water7 S while still permitl:ing it to be protectively inset from the surrounding surfaces of the anode housing 3.
The housings 1 and 2 are both molded inseparably to an anodized aluminum head fitting lO which extends into the bottom of the boat. V-shaped fins 11 extend laterally from ~e fitting 10 to 10 assure continued alignment of the electrode housings 3 and 4 under operating conditions. ~n anodized aluminum stud 12 is utilized to retain the housings 3 and 4 in place beneath the bottom of the boat.
The lower end of the stud 12 is threaded into and epoxied within the fitting 10, and tne upp~r elld is threaded lor recep-ion Gf a flanged 1~ nut 14 which bears against the inner surface of the hull bottom. ~n O-ring seal 15 (3?igs. 2 and 3) seals the fitting 10 to the hull to prevent leakage around the fitting 10 and the stud 12. This seal should be able to withstand static compression and a wide temperature Yariation, and be impervious to the effects of lube oil, gasoline, 20 engine exhaust and salt ~vater, Referring to Figures 2a and 3a a wire lead 20 extends through a bore 21 in the stud 12 and the head fitting 10 where it is soldered to a brass eyelet 22, The anode electrode 5 is preferably made of a substrate of titanium, niobium or tantalum plated with platinum. The 25 eyelet is utilized tO facilitate electrical connection of the wire 20 to the electrode 5. The assernbly is tllen potted by molding lt within the ,~ 5_ ~ `
housing 3 as illus~rated in l~ig. 2a. As the outer surlace of the anode electrode 5 is the only surface exposed to the water, platinum - plating may be confined to this area.
Leakage of water through thé interior of the anode 1 is eliminated by potting the anode, its connecting wire 20 and the outer end of the head fitting 10 within the anode housing 3. A series of fingers 25 extend angularly from the fitting 10 into the plastic material forming ~e housing 3 to assure a secure mating between ~he two.
In addition to permanently securing the anode electrode S in place within the housing 3, the potting of the electrical elements as described prevents any possible leakage of water into the boat through the channel 21 in the stud 12.
Referring to Figures 2b and 3b, the housing 4 of the reference electrode 2 comprises a base 30 which is molded to a head fitting 10.
~ coil 26, preferably a silver wire, is mounted within a channel 27 extending longitudinally through an upper portion o~ the housing base 30. The electrode wire coil should be of sufficient size as to prevent surface polarization by the current it may be subjected to under ~perating conditions, One end of the coil wire becomes an electrical lead 28 which extends through a bore 29 drill~d through the housing base 30 and the head element 10 af~er the aforementioned molding thereof. Lead 28 is silver soldered to an electrical lead 40 from a con~rol circuit at a point within a cavity 31 in the head fitting 10. A
- suitable potting compound is then poured into the cavity 31 until the25 soldered junction is completely covered, to protect it from any ~ater which may enter through the bore 29 and also prevent any lea~;age of water into the boat through the interior of fitting 10.
. , "3~
The reference electrode housing includes a separate cover 32 which is molded separately and set in place as illustrated after installation of the reference electrode coil 26. A series of holes 33 may be molded or drilled in the cover 32 to provide access for the seawater to come in contact with the reference electrode coil 26.
The wires 20 and 30 leading from the anode and reference electrode respectively may be connected to any appropriate cathodic control circuit, such as that presently incorporated in a cathodic protection device sold by the assignee hereof under the trademark Mercathode ~ .
; While the principles of the invention have been described in connection with the above specific apparatus, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation to the scope of the invention.
:i ~':
~ 30
BAC~GROUND ~' THE INVENTION
~ ith the advent of aluminum hulled boats, aluminum stern drive propulsion units, and larger outboards with siz-able areas of aluminum casing below the water, it has become increasingly important to provide adequate cathodic protectioni particularly in salt, ~rackish or polluted waters. In addikion, visits to crowded marinas where shore power is often taken aboard makes cathodic protection a virtual necessity.
The basic concept of cathodic protection of vessels is not new, and various configurations of anodes and reference 1~ electrodes have been tried. For example, U.S. patent 3,117,070 to the inventor teaches a bronze half-cell suitable for use on a steel hull, and the assignee hereof has marketed a cathodic protection device employing cylindrical electrodes mounted through the transom of the boat.
One probl~m with the prior art devices which mounted through the transom was that they were out of the water when the boat was running at high speed. This resulted in significant loss of protection.
Another problem wi~h prior art electrodes which were capable of being mounted on the bottom of a boat was the wearing away of the ackive material on the anode with a resulting deterioration in the effectiveness of the system.
Accordingly it is an objeckive of the invention to provide an anode and a reference electrode particularly suited for installation on the bottom of the boat.
It is a further objective of the invention to protect the anode and reference electrode from abrasive damage such as that encountered when a boat runs aground.
It is a still further objective of the invention to max.imize the ruggedness and reliability of the aforesaid electrodes by enclosing them within rugged corrosion and erosion resistant housings.
.
'l~f~3~3g~
Another objective of the in~ention, consistent wit~
the ore~oing, is to reduce water drag on the electrodes throug~ utilization of streamlined housings.
. .. . .. .. . . . . ... . . . . . .
Summary -of t~e Present Invention Basically the invention comprises a reference electrode and a companion anode, each retained by a separate mounted housing of streamlined cross-sectionO The anode's platinum electrode surface is recessed within its housing, and the reference electrode is enclosed within a chamber opening to the surrounding water through a series of apertures. Means for mounting the housings upon the bottom of the boat are provided, including conduits to permit electrical connection of the anode and reference electrode to a control circuit.
More particularly, the invention provides a reference electrode for a marine cathode protection device which include a housing, a wire electrode mounted in the housing and means for mounting the housiny to the hull of a boat including means providin~ for connection of the wire electrode to a control circuit for the cathodic protection device. The housing comprises a body of erosion and corrosion resistant, electric-ally insulating, material. The body is molded about a metallic structura--support member including a first portion having a plurality of radially extending fins adapted to engage the hull of a boat for maintaining the support member on the hull in a preselected rotational position and a second portion having a plurality of fingers extending radially into the molded position of the body for maintaining the body in position on the support member. The housing has a recess therein receiving the wire electrode. A cover mounted over the recess r the body and cover having an airfoil camber along its longitudinal axis and the cover having a plurality of passages therethrough communicating ~ r~
a ` 3L~f~13-~
with the xecess.
The invention also compreh~nd$ in combination, an anode and companion reference eIectrode for use with a marine cathodic protection system with each comprising a housing of similar cons~ruction as above, th~ anode housing howeuer having a recess extending aft from a point behind the maximum rise of the airfoil camber and communicating with the surface of the anode housing so that an outer surface of an anode elect-rode in said anode housing recess is exposed only along the trail-ing portion of said anode housing.
Chief among the advantages of the invention isprotection of the electrodes while affording them maximum possible exposure to the surrounding seawater, and at a minimum cost in drag. A further advantage of the invention is increased protective capacity of electrodes through selective use of materials, again made possible by the configuration of the aforementioned housings. Lastly, the invention provides rugged and reliable electrodes at a cost consistent with their use on small pleasure crafts.
Other objectives, advantages, and various further features of novelty and invention will be pointed out or will occur to those skilled ' ;~
.
in the art from a reacling of the following speciiication in conjunction with the accompan~ring drawings.
Brief Description of thc Drawings Figures la and lb are perspective views of an anode and S reference electrode respectively of the invention.
Figures 2a and 2b are longitudinal cross-sectional views of an anode and a reference electrode respecti~ely of the invention.
~ igures 3a and 3b are lateral cross-sectional views of the anode and reference electrode of figure 1 taken resp~ctively along lines 3a-3a and 3b-3b; Figure 3a shown wi-th Figures la and 2a;
~igure 3b shown with ~igures lb and 2b.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment ~ igure 1 illustrates the similarities and the differences be~l~een an anode 1 of the in~ention and a re.fer~nce electrode '~
15 overall si~e and shape of the housings 3 and ~ of the two units are substantially identical, The housings have been given a modified airfoil shape so that they offer minimum resistance to passage through the water in the direction of the arrows in Figure 1. To avoid erosion and corrosion the housings are preferably made of an acetal polymer 20 plastic such as Celene~, This material was selected for its resistance to the environment created by the electrolytic action at ~he electrodes, The anode electrode 5 extends aft from a point slightly aft of the ma~imum height or camber of the anode housing 3, to a point just 25 forward of the trailing edge of the housing 3; so that it is protected ~rom direct frontal contact with the fluid stream passillg o~er the anode, and with sand or other solid objects over which may come in contact ~ith the bottom of the boat and the forward part of t~lc housing.
_4_ .
'~6Df~ 3~
As ill~ ra~ed I~SL i-l Figures la and 3a, the edges 7 of the anode housing 3 surrounding the anode electrode 5 are rounded so ~at they contact the surface of that electrode at an oblique angle.
Ihis affords the anode maximum effective contact with the water7 S while still permitl:ing it to be protectively inset from the surrounding surfaces of the anode housing 3.
The housings 1 and 2 are both molded inseparably to an anodized aluminum head fitting lO which extends into the bottom of the boat. V-shaped fins 11 extend laterally from ~e fitting 10 to 10 assure continued alignment of the electrode housings 3 and 4 under operating conditions. ~n anodized aluminum stud 12 is utilized to retain the housings 3 and 4 in place beneath the bottom of the boat.
The lower end of the stud 12 is threaded into and epoxied within the fitting 10, and tne upp~r elld is threaded lor recep-ion Gf a flanged 1~ nut 14 which bears against the inner surface of the hull bottom. ~n O-ring seal 15 (3?igs. 2 and 3) seals the fitting 10 to the hull to prevent leakage around the fitting 10 and the stud 12. This seal should be able to withstand static compression and a wide temperature Yariation, and be impervious to the effects of lube oil, gasoline, 20 engine exhaust and salt ~vater, Referring to Figures 2a and 3a a wire lead 20 extends through a bore 21 in the stud 12 and the head fitting 10 where it is soldered to a brass eyelet 22, The anode electrode 5 is preferably made of a substrate of titanium, niobium or tantalum plated with platinum. The 25 eyelet is utilized tO facilitate electrical connection of the wire 20 to the electrode 5. The assernbly is tllen potted by molding lt within the ,~ 5_ ~ `
housing 3 as illus~rated in l~ig. 2a. As the outer surlace of the anode electrode 5 is the only surface exposed to the water, platinum - plating may be confined to this area.
Leakage of water through thé interior of the anode 1 is eliminated by potting the anode, its connecting wire 20 and the outer end of the head fitting 10 within the anode housing 3. A series of fingers 25 extend angularly from the fitting 10 into the plastic material forming ~e housing 3 to assure a secure mating between ~he two.
In addition to permanently securing the anode electrode S in place within the housing 3, the potting of the electrical elements as described prevents any possible leakage of water into the boat through the channel 21 in the stud 12.
Referring to Figures 2b and 3b, the housing 4 of the reference electrode 2 comprises a base 30 which is molded to a head fitting 10.
~ coil 26, preferably a silver wire, is mounted within a channel 27 extending longitudinally through an upper portion o~ the housing base 30. The electrode wire coil should be of sufficient size as to prevent surface polarization by the current it may be subjected to under ~perating conditions, One end of the coil wire becomes an electrical lead 28 which extends through a bore 29 drill~d through the housing base 30 and the head element 10 af~er the aforementioned molding thereof. Lead 28 is silver soldered to an electrical lead 40 from a con~rol circuit at a point within a cavity 31 in the head fitting 10. A
- suitable potting compound is then poured into the cavity 31 until the25 soldered junction is completely covered, to protect it from any ~ater which may enter through the bore 29 and also prevent any lea~;age of water into the boat through the interior of fitting 10.
. , "3~
The reference electrode housing includes a separate cover 32 which is molded separately and set in place as illustrated after installation of the reference electrode coil 26. A series of holes 33 may be molded or drilled in the cover 32 to provide access for the seawater to come in contact with the reference electrode coil 26.
The wires 20 and 30 leading from the anode and reference electrode respectively may be connected to any appropriate cathodic control circuit, such as that presently incorporated in a cathodic protection device sold by the assignee hereof under the trademark Mercathode ~ .
; While the principles of the invention have been described in connection with the above specific apparatus, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation to the scope of the invention.
:i ~':
~ 30
Claims (7)
1. A reference electrode for a marine cathodic protection device comprising a housing, a wire electrode mounted in said housing and means for mounting said housing to the hull of a boat including means providing for connection of said wire electrode to a control circuit for the cathodic protection device, said housing comprising a body of erosion and corrosion resistant, electrically insulating, material, said body being molded about a metallic structural support member including a first portion having a plurality of radially extending fins adapted to engage the hull of a boat for maintaining said support member on the hull in a preselected rotational position and a second portion having a plurality of fingers extending radially into the molded position of said body for maintaining said body in position on said support member, said housing having a recess therein receiving said wire electrode and a cover mounted over said recess, said body and cover having an airfoil camber along its longitudinal axis and said cover having a plurality of passages therethrough communicating with said recess.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said structural member has a recess therein, said mounting means further includes a threaded tubular member communicating with said recess and connected to said structural supporting member and adapted to extend through the hull of a boat to retain said reference elect-rode in preselected position upon the hull and wherein said means for connection of said electrode to a control circuit includes a lead extending through said tubular member and into said recess, means connecting said lead to said electrode within said recess, a potting compound filling said recess around said connection and sealing the connection of said body and tubular member against the passage of water therethrough.
3. The device of claim 2 further including resilient means disposed adjacent said body and around said tubular member and adapted for sealing engagement between said molded body and the hull of a boat.
4. In combination, an anode and companion reference electrode for use with a marine cathodic protection system, each comprising a housing having an exaggerated airfoil like camber, a recess in each housing means for mounting said respective housings to the hull of a boat including means providing for connection thereof to a control circuit for the cathodic protection system, each said housing comprising a body of erosion and corrosion resistant electrically insulating material, said body being molded about a metallic structural support member including a first portion having a plurality of radially extending fins adapted to engage the hull of a boat for maintaining said support member on the hull in a preselected rotational position and a second portion having a plurality of fingers extending radially into the molded position of said body for maintaining said body in position on said support member, the reference electrode housing recess having a wire electrode therein and a cover mounted over said reference electrode housing recess, the body and cover of said reference electrode having the airfoil camber along its longitudinal axis and said cover having a plurality of passages therethrough communicating with said reference electrode housing recess, the anode housing recess extending aft from a point behind the maximum rise of the airfoil camber and communicating with the surface of the anode housing so that an outer surface of an anode electrode in said anode housing recess is exposed only along the trailing portion of said anode housing.
5. The combination of claim 4 wherein said structural member has a recess therein, said mounting means further includes a threaded tubular member communicating with said recess and connected to said structural supporting member and adapted to extend through the hull of a boat to retain said reference electrode in preselected position upon the hull and wherein said means for connection of said electrode to a control circuit includes a lead extending through said tubular member and into said recess, means connecting said lead to said electrode within said recess, a potting compound filling said recess around said connection and sealing the connection of said body and tubular member against the passage of water therethrough.
6. The combination of claim 5 further including resilient means disposed adjacent said body and around said tubular member and adapted for sealing engagement between said molded body and the hull of a boat.
7. The combination of claims 4, 5 or 6 wherein said anode electrode is a plate of non-corrosive metallic material taken from the group consisting of titanium, niobium and tantalum plated on said outer surface with platinum.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00345869A US3853730A (en) | 1973-03-29 | 1973-03-29 | Reference electrode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1040134A true CA1040134A (en) | 1978-10-10 |
Family
ID=23356847
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA195,011A Expired CA1040134A (en) | 1973-03-29 | 1974-03-14 | Cathodic protection device |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3853730A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS49128837A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6727174A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1040134A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2223476B3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11866137B1 (en) | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-09 | Brunswick Corporation | Marine drives having noise and vibration isolating joint |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4061965A (en) * | 1976-05-24 | 1977-12-06 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method and apparatus for monitoring a cathodically protected corrodible hollow member |
| US5840164A (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1998-11-24 | Brunswick Corporation | Galvanic isolator |
| US5747892A (en) * | 1997-01-06 | 1998-05-05 | Brunswick Corporation | Galvanic isolator fault monitor |
| GB0005946D0 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2000-05-03 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Improvements in and relating to investigating corrosion |
| GB0005945D0 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2000-05-03 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Improvements in and relating to investigating current |
| US6982563B2 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2006-01-03 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Monitoring of corrosion induced loss of material by means of a plurality of electrical resistance measurements (field signature method, electrical resistance tomography) |
| US7381312B1 (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2008-06-03 | Brunswick Corporation | Cathodic protection system for a marine propulsion device with a ceramic conductor |
| US9637224B2 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2017-05-02 | The Boeing Company | Plasma-assisted synthetic jets for active air flow control |
| FR3025527B1 (en) * | 2014-09-08 | 2016-12-23 | Gps | REFERENCE ELECTRODE IMPLEMENTED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF CATHODIC PROTECTION |
| US9757776B2 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2017-09-12 | The Boeing Company | Clearing of apertures by plasma jets |
| EP3393685A1 (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-10-31 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Marine structure |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2910420A (en) * | 1957-07-31 | 1959-10-27 | Herman S Preiser | Cathodic protection system and electrode holder |
| US2934484A (en) * | 1958-04-15 | 1960-04-26 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Mounting device for reference cells in cathodic protection systems |
| US3278408A (en) * | 1962-12-19 | 1966-10-11 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Electrochemical cell |
| US3272731A (en) * | 1963-02-25 | 1966-09-13 | Continental Oil Co | Erosion resistant reference electrode assembly |
| US3445369A (en) * | 1966-10-31 | 1969-05-20 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Electrolytic sensor with improved membrane support |
| US3625851A (en) * | 1969-11-24 | 1971-12-07 | Us Navy | Underwater replaceable reference electrode |
-
1973
- 1973-03-29 US US00345869A patent/US3853730A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-03-14 CA CA195,011A patent/CA1040134A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-27 FR FR7410501A patent/FR2223476B3/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-03-28 AU AU67271/74A patent/AU6727174A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-28 JP JP49035097A patent/JPS49128837A/ja active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11866137B1 (en) | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-09 | Brunswick Corporation | Marine drives having noise and vibration isolating joint |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6727174A (en) | 1975-10-02 |
| US3853730A (en) | 1974-12-10 |
| JPS49128837A (en) | 1974-12-10 |
| FR2223476B3 (en) | 1977-01-14 |
| FR2223476A1 (en) | 1974-10-25 |
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