CA1039036A - Heat-resistant mandrel for boss extruding - Google Patents
Heat-resistant mandrel for boss extrudingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1039036A CA1039036A CA196,946A CA196946A CA1039036A CA 1039036 A CA1039036 A CA 1039036A CA 196946 A CA196946 A CA 196946A CA 1039036 A CA1039036 A CA 1039036A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- support element
- inner support
- opening
- apparatus recited
- surface layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/28—Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces
- B21C37/29—Making branched pieces, e.g. T-pieces
- B21C37/292—Forming collars by drawing or pushing a rigid forming tool through an opening in the tube wall
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49428—Gas and water specific plumbing component making
- Y10T29/49446—Ferrule making or reforming
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method and apparatus for forming integral coupling flanges about surface openings in hollow metallic articles. The region of the metallic article about the opening is continuously heated by means of gas burners throughout formation of the flange at a temperature which is suitable for the shaping of the metal of the article. An extruding tool, having a surface layer fabricated of material having a low thermal conduction characteristic, is moved through the surface opening of the metallic article during this heating to form the flange. The gas burners are adapted for heating both the peripheral surface of the article about the opening therein and the flange as it is formed, and the extruding tool may include an intermediate support means which supports and thermally insulates the surface layer of the extrud-ing tool on an inner support element thereof.
A method and apparatus for forming integral coupling flanges about surface openings in hollow metallic articles. The region of the metallic article about the opening is continuously heated by means of gas burners throughout formation of the flange at a temperature which is suitable for the shaping of the metal of the article. An extruding tool, having a surface layer fabricated of material having a low thermal conduction characteristic, is moved through the surface opening of the metallic article during this heating to form the flange. The gas burners are adapted for heating both the peripheral surface of the article about the opening therein and the flange as it is formed, and the extruding tool may include an intermediate support means which supports and thermally insulates the surface layer of the extrud-ing tool on an inner support element thereof.
Description
103903~i This invention relates gen~rally to an improved appar-atus for forming integral necks on metal walls, particularly on hollow, metallic articles.
It is known in the prior art to form coupling flanges and the like on hollow metallic articles, such as tubes and con-tainers, by heating the area thereof about a surface opening pro-vided therein to soften the metal of the article, and then moving an extruding tool by means of a suita~le transport device out-wardly through the opening from the interior space of the hollow -article. The tool bends the edges of the article opening out-wardly to form a neck or flange which can be welded or otherwise coupled to pipes, conduits and the like.
As stated above, it is necessary to heat the region about the metallic article opening in order to soften the article metal and enable shaping of the neck with the extruding tool.
Prior art methods and apparatus which have been used to form necks . i .
on thin-walled hollow articles have not generally been able to maintain the temperature of the article region about the opening at a level suitable for shaping throughout the entire neck form-ing operation. rrhus~ a large amount of energy is expended in ' shaping the neck by means of such methods and apparatus.
~' According to the present invention there is provided apparatus for forming an integral neck on a metal wall, about an ; opening therein, said apparatus comprising an extruding tool of ., the type adapted to be drawn through the opening with an outer surface of the tool engaging the metal wall around the opening so as to form the neck therefrom, the extruding tool comprising an inner support element, said outer surface and means for impeding thermal conduction between said outer surface and the inner sup-port element.
The tool is preferably used in conjunction with a gas burner means which comprises a first curved gas burner having , ~ - 1 - "'` 3~
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downwardly directed nozzles which heat the region o~ the wall about the opening thereof prior to formation of the neck, and a second curved gas burner having outwardly directed nozzles which heat the neck formed by the tool as it is moved through the article opening.
The extruding tool may include a surface layer disposed on the inner support element and fabricated of non-scaling sheet metal having a low thermal conduction characteristic, and an intermediate support means, which may comprise a plurality of support members such as wires, or thermal insulation material, interposed between the support element and surface layer for supporting and thermally insulating the surface layer on the ; inner support element. Alternatively the extruding tool may com-prise the inner support element and an outer surface layer of ceramic material, or an inner support element having surface grooves which diminish the support area for the surface layer.
- The outer surface is preferably conical in shape.
In prior art methods, the metallic article is generally preheated in a heating apparatus before utilization of the extrud-ing tool and formatiom of the neck. In contrast, it is now pro-posed that the article be continuously heated by gas burner means which are adapted to adjust to the shape of the article about the surface opening thereof, so that the article is heated also dur-ing formation of the neck to compensate for heat losses in the article and through the extruding tool, which cannot be ideally thermally insulated. With this method and the apparatus of the present invention, the time required to carry out the neck form-ing process is reduced; the quality of the article neck formed is increased; the structure of the metal of the article is not dam-aged; and the previously required, time consuming annealing pro-cess is eliminated.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention:
It is known in the prior art to form coupling flanges and the like on hollow metallic articles, such as tubes and con-tainers, by heating the area thereof about a surface opening pro-vided therein to soften the metal of the article, and then moving an extruding tool by means of a suita~le transport device out-wardly through the opening from the interior space of the hollow -article. The tool bends the edges of the article opening out-wardly to form a neck or flange which can be welded or otherwise coupled to pipes, conduits and the like.
As stated above, it is necessary to heat the region about the metallic article opening in order to soften the article metal and enable shaping of the neck with the extruding tool.
Prior art methods and apparatus which have been used to form necks . i .
on thin-walled hollow articles have not generally been able to maintain the temperature of the article region about the opening at a level suitable for shaping throughout the entire neck form-ing operation. rrhus~ a large amount of energy is expended in ' shaping the neck by means of such methods and apparatus.
~' According to the present invention there is provided apparatus for forming an integral neck on a metal wall, about an ; opening therein, said apparatus comprising an extruding tool of ., the type adapted to be drawn through the opening with an outer surface of the tool engaging the metal wall around the opening so as to form the neck therefrom, the extruding tool comprising an inner support element, said outer surface and means for impeding thermal conduction between said outer surface and the inner sup-port element.
The tool is preferably used in conjunction with a gas burner means which comprises a first curved gas burner having , ~ - 1 - "'` 3~
;
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downwardly directed nozzles which heat the region o~ the wall about the opening thereof prior to formation of the neck, and a second curved gas burner having outwardly directed nozzles which heat the neck formed by the tool as it is moved through the article opening.
The extruding tool may include a surface layer disposed on the inner support element and fabricated of non-scaling sheet metal having a low thermal conduction characteristic, and an intermediate support means, which may comprise a plurality of support members such as wires, or thermal insulation material, interposed between the support element and surface layer for supporting and thermally insulating the surface layer on the ; inner support element. Alternatively the extruding tool may com-prise the inner support element and an outer surface layer of ceramic material, or an inner support element having surface grooves which diminish the support area for the surface layer.
- The outer surface is preferably conical in shape.
In prior art methods, the metallic article is generally preheated in a heating apparatus before utilization of the extrud-ing tool and formatiom of the neck. In contrast, it is now pro-posed that the article be continuously heated by gas burner means which are adapted to adjust to the shape of the article about the surface opening thereof, so that the article is heated also dur-ing formation of the neck to compensate for heat losses in the article and through the extruding tool, which cannot be ideally thermally insulated. With this method and the apparatus of the present invention, the time required to carry out the neck form-ing process is reduced; the quality of the article neck formed is increased; the structure of the metal of the article is not dam-aged; and the previously required, time consuming annealing pro-cess is eliminated.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention:
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. ~ .
1(~39036 Figure 1 is a perspective view of a hollow, metallic article and part of a neck forming apparatus, prior to formation of the article neck;
Figure 2 is an exploded pexspective view of the article . and a neck forming apparatus, subsequent to the formation of the article neck;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of alternative embodi- -ments of an extruding tool inner support element;
Figure 4 is a side view, partly in cross-section, of .~ 10 another embodiment of an extruding tool, : Figure 5 is a side view, partly in cross-section, of still another embodiment of an extruding tool;
Figure 6 is a top view of still a further embodiment of an extruding tool; and Figure 7 is a side view of the tool illustrated in Figure 6. ;
Referring now to the drawings, in particular to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a hollow, metallic article, illustrated as cylinder 1 having radial end flanges 2, in which an elliptical 20 shaped surface opening 3, about which the neck is formed, is dis~
posed. Gas burner means, illustrated as curved gas burners 4, are disposed about the opening and are movable to and from the ~`
region thereof. The burner means heats the metal of the article -~
about the surface opening to a temperature which renders it soft ~:
enough to be shaped. Gas burners 4 are preferably semi-ellipt-;, ~ .
ical in shape and include downwardly directed nozzles for :~. directing the gas flames thereof towards the surface of cylinder 1 about opening 3. Supply pipes 5 transport a burnable gas mix-ture to the burners and function as a handle for moving the burners to and from the region of opening 3. The dimensions of the gas burners 4 are preferably such that approximately one half ~-~ of the peripheral area on each side of opening 3 is covered by ... ~
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.:
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each burner. It should also be noted that opening 3 has not been illustrated in Figure 1 in its original elliptical shape, but rather is shown partly reshaped as a result of the heating of the cylinder by the gas burners. ~ -An extruding tool is shown in Figure 2, and comprises an inner support element, generally designated 13, a surface layer 15 fabricated of non-scaling sheet me~al having a low thermal con-duction characteristic disposed on element 13, and intermediate support means 14, illustrated in Figure 2 as a plurality of cir-cular wires interconnected in a basket configuration, interposedbetween element 13 and surface layer 15 for supporting and thermally insulating the surface layer on support element 13~
The dimensions of the inner support element 13, surface layer 15, and the wire basket are matched so that linear contact between wires 18, element 13 and surface layer 15 is assured. The air spaces between the wires of the basket thermally insulate element 13 fr~m surface layer 15 and inhibit the flow of heat from layer ~ 15 to the inner support element, thereby reducing heat loss dur- ;-! ing formation of the neck. The main body portion 16 of elemen~
; 20 13 is conical in shape and wires 18 are prefera~ly arranged thereon so as to extend along the lines thereof of steepest gradient.
Element 13 further includes a neck forming portion 17 . . .
at the lower end thereof which, in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, is cylindrical in shape. The upper end thereof ; includes a coupling member 12 which is connected to a suitable device, such as a hydraulic puller, which moves the extruding tool through opening 3 outwardly from the interior space of cylinder 1, for forming the neck 7 thereabout. Since such devices are known in the art, they are not described in detail herein.
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~W9036 Second curved gas burners 11, only one o which is illustrated in Figure 2, are provided for heating the flange 7 as it is formed by the extruding tool. surner 10 includes a gas mixture supply pipe 11 which functions in the same manner as supply pipes 5 of burners 4, and is cylindrical in shape to correspond to that of the flange. Burner 10 includes nozzles which are outwardly directed towards flange 7 for heating the ~`
latter continuously during formation thereof at a temperature which renders the metal of cylinder 1 suitably soft for shaping.
It should be noted that burners 10 are shaped differently from burners 4 since opening 3 is shaped in the form of a bulging ellipse and the flange to be formed is circular in shape. The direction of the nozzles, and their disposition with respect to the center of opening 3, must be varied to ensure proper heating of the article.
The burners may be rendered movable with respect to the article opening by mounting them on displaceable, pivotable slides which are movable by means of automatic or manual controls.
i The supply of the burnable gas ., ~ .
:1 .
. .
~.(,UY~036 : --mixture to the burners is regulated as necessary by a manual control, and preferably with the use of temper~ture sensors so that a suitable temperature range of the metal of the article is maintained.
; Instead of the wire basket illustrated in Figure 2, the intermedi-' ate support means may comprise merely a plurality of support members, for ex-ample, a plurality of circular wires, disposed on support element 13, along the steepest gradient lines of portion 16 thereof. Even if a large number of such support elements are used, the total area of the surface layer is much greater than the area of the surface layer which engages the support elements, and heat transfer between element 13 and surface layer 15 is effectively in-hibited.
Figures 3-7 il-ustrate alternative embodiments of the extruding ,.~ .
!~ tool of the apparatus. In Figure 3, inner support element 13 is provided with a plurality of spaced apart surface grooves which form a support surface for surface layer lS. Those portions of element 13 between the grooves en-gage surface layer 15 when it is disposed thereon and provide a support sur-~!
i face which is diminished in area with respect to the total surface area of element 13. Heat transfer between the inner support element and surface i layer is thereby effectively inhibited. The surface grooves may be longit-udinal grooves 21 which extend axially along the lines of steepest gradient of element 137 or, alternatively, circumferential grooves 22 which e~tend around element 13. Moreover, both types of grooves may be utilized on the same support element to provide the re~uired support surface~ if desired.
¦ As illustrated in Figure 4, the intermediate support means may com-prise a layer of thermal insulation material 23, such as, for example, mineral wool, or a combination of mineral and organic materials. The mass of mat-erial fills the space between the e~ement 13 and surface layer 15 and thereby inhibits heat transfer between the two. The separate surface layer shell and intermediate support means may also be dispensed with and a unitary extruding .~
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tool constructed by coating the surface of element 13 with a sur-face layer of ceramic material 25, as shown in Figure 5. Because the layer of ceramic material is thin it stores little heat.
The extruding tools illustrated in and described with reference to Figures 2-5 include an inner support element which is conical in shape~ As a result, it happens that the upper portion of the tool which is first moved through article opening
.
. ~ .
1(~39036 Figure 1 is a perspective view of a hollow, metallic article and part of a neck forming apparatus, prior to formation of the article neck;
Figure 2 is an exploded pexspective view of the article . and a neck forming apparatus, subsequent to the formation of the article neck;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of alternative embodi- -ments of an extruding tool inner support element;
Figure 4 is a side view, partly in cross-section, of .~ 10 another embodiment of an extruding tool, : Figure 5 is a side view, partly in cross-section, of still another embodiment of an extruding tool;
Figure 6 is a top view of still a further embodiment of an extruding tool; and Figure 7 is a side view of the tool illustrated in Figure 6. ;
Referring now to the drawings, in particular to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a hollow, metallic article, illustrated as cylinder 1 having radial end flanges 2, in which an elliptical 20 shaped surface opening 3, about which the neck is formed, is dis~
posed. Gas burner means, illustrated as curved gas burners 4, are disposed about the opening and are movable to and from the ~`
region thereof. The burner means heats the metal of the article -~
about the surface opening to a temperature which renders it soft ~:
enough to be shaped. Gas burners 4 are preferably semi-ellipt-;, ~ .
ical in shape and include downwardly directed nozzles for :~. directing the gas flames thereof towards the surface of cylinder 1 about opening 3. Supply pipes 5 transport a burnable gas mix-ture to the burners and function as a handle for moving the burners to and from the region of opening 3. The dimensions of the gas burners 4 are preferably such that approximately one half ~-~ of the peripheral area on each side of opening 3 is covered by ... ~
'"
.:
.~ . . , . : - : - . . ~ . ~ . . . :
. Y. . :: . . - . - . ~
each burner. It should also be noted that opening 3 has not been illustrated in Figure 1 in its original elliptical shape, but rather is shown partly reshaped as a result of the heating of the cylinder by the gas burners. ~ -An extruding tool is shown in Figure 2, and comprises an inner support element, generally designated 13, a surface layer 15 fabricated of non-scaling sheet me~al having a low thermal con-duction characteristic disposed on element 13, and intermediate support means 14, illustrated in Figure 2 as a plurality of cir-cular wires interconnected in a basket configuration, interposedbetween element 13 and surface layer 15 for supporting and thermally insulating the surface layer on support element 13~
The dimensions of the inner support element 13, surface layer 15, and the wire basket are matched so that linear contact between wires 18, element 13 and surface layer 15 is assured. The air spaces between the wires of the basket thermally insulate element 13 fr~m surface layer 15 and inhibit the flow of heat from layer ~ 15 to the inner support element, thereby reducing heat loss dur- ;-! ing formation of the neck. The main body portion 16 of elemen~
; 20 13 is conical in shape and wires 18 are prefera~ly arranged thereon so as to extend along the lines thereof of steepest gradient.
Element 13 further includes a neck forming portion 17 . . .
at the lower end thereof which, in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, is cylindrical in shape. The upper end thereof ; includes a coupling member 12 which is connected to a suitable device, such as a hydraulic puller, which moves the extruding tool through opening 3 outwardly from the interior space of cylinder 1, for forming the neck 7 thereabout. Since such devices are known in the art, they are not described in detail herein.
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. . .
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.
~W9036 Second curved gas burners 11, only one o which is illustrated in Figure 2, are provided for heating the flange 7 as it is formed by the extruding tool. surner 10 includes a gas mixture supply pipe 11 which functions in the same manner as supply pipes 5 of burners 4, and is cylindrical in shape to correspond to that of the flange. Burner 10 includes nozzles which are outwardly directed towards flange 7 for heating the ~`
latter continuously during formation thereof at a temperature which renders the metal of cylinder 1 suitably soft for shaping.
It should be noted that burners 10 are shaped differently from burners 4 since opening 3 is shaped in the form of a bulging ellipse and the flange to be formed is circular in shape. The direction of the nozzles, and their disposition with respect to the center of opening 3, must be varied to ensure proper heating of the article.
The burners may be rendered movable with respect to the article opening by mounting them on displaceable, pivotable slides which are movable by means of automatic or manual controls.
i The supply of the burnable gas ., ~ .
:1 .
. .
~.(,UY~036 : --mixture to the burners is regulated as necessary by a manual control, and preferably with the use of temper~ture sensors so that a suitable temperature range of the metal of the article is maintained.
; Instead of the wire basket illustrated in Figure 2, the intermedi-' ate support means may comprise merely a plurality of support members, for ex-ample, a plurality of circular wires, disposed on support element 13, along the steepest gradient lines of portion 16 thereof. Even if a large number of such support elements are used, the total area of the surface layer is much greater than the area of the surface layer which engages the support elements, and heat transfer between element 13 and surface layer 15 is effectively in-hibited.
Figures 3-7 il-ustrate alternative embodiments of the extruding ,.~ .
!~ tool of the apparatus. In Figure 3, inner support element 13 is provided with a plurality of spaced apart surface grooves which form a support surface for surface layer lS. Those portions of element 13 between the grooves en-gage surface layer 15 when it is disposed thereon and provide a support sur-~!
i face which is diminished in area with respect to the total surface area of element 13. Heat transfer between the inner support element and surface i layer is thereby effectively inhibited. The surface grooves may be longit-udinal grooves 21 which extend axially along the lines of steepest gradient of element 137 or, alternatively, circumferential grooves 22 which e~tend around element 13. Moreover, both types of grooves may be utilized on the same support element to provide the re~uired support surface~ if desired.
¦ As illustrated in Figure 4, the intermediate support means may com-prise a layer of thermal insulation material 23, such as, for example, mineral wool, or a combination of mineral and organic materials. The mass of mat-erial fills the space between the e~ement 13 and surface layer 15 and thereby inhibits heat transfer between the two. The separate surface layer shell and intermediate support means may also be dispensed with and a unitary extruding .~
' : : -. ~,.: . ~ , :
.
03~
tool constructed by coating the surface of element 13 with a sur-face layer of ceramic material 25, as shown in Figure 5. Because the layer of ceramic material is thin it stores little heat.
The extruding tools illustrated in and described with reference to Figures 2-5 include an inner support element which is conical in shape~ As a result, it happens that the upper portion of the tool which is first moved through article opening
3 when forming flange 7 engages cylinder l about opening 3 only at separate points. The upper portion 27 of the extruding tool 6 illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, however, is elliptical in shape, corresponding to that of opening 3, so that the upper portion of the extruding tool engages the entire periphery of opening 3 as it is moved therethrough. This assures that the metal of the article is uniformly stressed during formation of the flange.
The lower portion 28 of the tool is, of course, cylindrical in shape as previously described. It is also preferable if the tool is shaped so that its surface 30 is in the form of a tractrix curve. This results in a particularly favorable application of the applied forces produced by the tool.
Although burners 4 and lO have been illustrated as being the segment type, it should be noted that other type burners may be utilized, such as burners with adjustable nozzles which can direct the gas flames thereof both downwardly and outwardly.
Also, different size segment burners, covering other than half of the periphery about the article opening or flange, may also be utilized. Movement of the burners may be attained by guide ;~ tubes, rollers, or the like, either manually, or automaticallywith respect to metal temperature and position of the extruding tool.
To produce a neck, burners 4 are first moved to the position illustrated in Figure l about opening 3 and heat the ., ,., ., . ~ ~ . ................................ :
,.. -, . . . . . . ... . . . . .. . .
region there to a temperature sufficient to soften the metal of cylinder 2 and thereby render it suitable for shaping. The ; extruding tool 6 is then moved from the inerior space of cylinder 2 outwardly through opening 3. As soon as the edge of opening 3 begins to bulge outwardly, burners 4 are retracted and are re-placed by burners 10 which continue to heat the neck 7 being formed as the extruding tool continues to move at the temperature suited for shaping of the cylinder metal. sy means of this con-tinuous heating of the cylinder about opening 3, the temperature of the metal is maintained relatively constant during the entire shaping process. When the extruding tool has been moved com-pletely through opening 3, burners 10 are removed and neck 7 is permitted to cool. A subsequent annealing of the neck after formation is not needed due to the fact that the metal of the article shaped is maintained at a temperature suitable for its shaping throughout formation of the neck.
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been descxibed with reference to specific exemplary embodiments there-of. It will, however, be evident, that various modifications and changes may be made thereunto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than in a restrictive Il sense.
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The lower portion 28 of the tool is, of course, cylindrical in shape as previously described. It is also preferable if the tool is shaped so that its surface 30 is in the form of a tractrix curve. This results in a particularly favorable application of the applied forces produced by the tool.
Although burners 4 and lO have been illustrated as being the segment type, it should be noted that other type burners may be utilized, such as burners with adjustable nozzles which can direct the gas flames thereof both downwardly and outwardly.
Also, different size segment burners, covering other than half of the periphery about the article opening or flange, may also be utilized. Movement of the burners may be attained by guide ;~ tubes, rollers, or the like, either manually, or automaticallywith respect to metal temperature and position of the extruding tool.
To produce a neck, burners 4 are first moved to the position illustrated in Figure l about opening 3 and heat the ., ,., ., . ~ ~ . ................................ :
,.. -, . . . . . . ... . . . . .. . .
region there to a temperature sufficient to soften the metal of cylinder 2 and thereby render it suitable for shaping. The ; extruding tool 6 is then moved from the inerior space of cylinder 2 outwardly through opening 3. As soon as the edge of opening 3 begins to bulge outwardly, burners 4 are retracted and are re-placed by burners 10 which continue to heat the neck 7 being formed as the extruding tool continues to move at the temperature suited for shaping of the cylinder metal. sy means of this con-tinuous heating of the cylinder about opening 3, the temperature of the metal is maintained relatively constant during the entire shaping process. When the extruding tool has been moved com-pletely through opening 3, burners 10 are removed and neck 7 is permitted to cool. A subsequent annealing of the neck after formation is not needed due to the fact that the metal of the article shaped is maintained at a temperature suitable for its shaping throughout formation of the neck.
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been descxibed with reference to specific exemplary embodiments there-of. It will, however, be evident, that various modifications and changes may be made thereunto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than in a restrictive Il sense.
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Claims (13)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Apparatus for forming an integral neck on a metal wall, about an opening therein, said apparatus comprising an extruding tool of the type adapted to be drawn through the opening with an outer surface of the tool engaging the metal wall around the opening so as to form the neck therefrom, the extruding tool comprising an inner support element, said outer surface and means for impeding thermal conduction between said outer surface and the inner support element.
2. The apparatus recited in claim 1, wherein said extruding tool comprises a surface layer disposed on said inner support element and fabricated of non-scaling sheet metal having a low thermal conduction characteristic, and intermediate support means, interposed between said inner support element and surface layer, for supporting and thermally insula-ting said surface layer on said inner support element.
3. The apparatus recited in claim 2, wherein said intermediate support means comprises a plurality of support members disposed on the sur-face of said inner support element.
4. The apparatus recited in claim 3, wherein said support members comprise a plurality of interconnected circular wires disposed on the surface of said inner support element.
5. The apparatus recited in claim 4, wherein said inner support element is conical in shape, and wherein said wires are disposed on the sur-face of said inner support element along the lines thereof of steepest gradient, and are interconnected so as to form a basket shaped intermediate support menas.
6. The apparatus recited in claim 1, wherein said extruding tool comprises a surface layer disposed on said inner support element and fabric-ated of non-scaling sheet metal having a low thermal conduction characteristic, said inner support element having a plurality of surface grooves disposed therein for forming a support surface for said surface layer which is diminished in area with respect to the total surface area of said inner support element.
7. The apparatus recited in claim 6, wherein said inner support element is conical in shape and said grooves extend axially along the lines thereof of steepest gradient.
8. The apparatus recited in claim 6, wherein said inner support element is conical in shape and said grooves extend circumferentially over the surface thereof.
9. The apparatus recited in claim 2, wherein said intermediate support means comprises thermal insulation material.
10. The apparatus recited in claim 1, wherein said extruding tool comprises an outer surface layer of ceramic material disposed on said inner support element.
11. The apparatus recited in claim 1, wherein said extruding tool includes an upper portion having a shape corresponding to that of said opening in said wall, and a lower portion having a shape corresponding to that of the neck to be formed.
12. The apparatus recited in claim 11, wherein the wall is cylindrical, said upper portion and said opening are elliptical in shape, and wherein said lower portion and neck are circular in shape.
13. The apparatus recited in claim 12, wherein the surface shape of said extruding tool is in the form of a tractrix curve.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19732318060 DE2318060C3 (en) | 1973-04-06 | Drawing body for the production of necks on hollow bodies | |
| DE19732318064 DE2318064C3 (en) | 1973-04-06 | Drawing body for the production of necks on hollow bodies |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1039036A true CA1039036A (en) | 1978-09-26 |
Family
ID=25764956
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA196,946A Expired CA1039036A (en) | 1973-04-06 | 1974-04-05 | Heat-resistant mandrel for boss extruding |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3910094A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1039036A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH579953A5 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS178912B2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2224218B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1412392A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU172887B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1011218B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL172621C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE410939B (en) |
| YU (1) | YU36337B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4059979A (en) * | 1976-06-23 | 1977-11-29 | Allis-Chalmers Corporation | Means for flaring openings in cylindrical bodies |
| FI800278A (en) * | 1980-01-30 | 1981-07-31 | Serlachius Oy | FLAENSBORRANORDNING |
| US4676088A (en) * | 1985-06-10 | 1987-06-30 | Hitachi, Ltd. | T-joint manufacturing apparatus |
| CN102320149B (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2014-07-09 | 四川泰鑫实业发展有限责任公司 | Shaping technology and shaping device for large-diameter PE (poly ethylene) reduced tee joint branch pipe |
| CN102274882B (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2013-05-01 | 中山市奥美森工业技术有限公司 | Hole drawing machine |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US354879A (en) * | 1886-12-21 | Manufacture of pipe-fittings | ||
| US1574900A (en) * | 1923-07-16 | 1926-03-02 | Kellogg M W Co | Apparatus and method for making openings in pipes, cylindrical tanks, etc. |
| US2861335A (en) * | 1954-02-26 | 1958-11-25 | Huet Andre | Method of forming a hollow box in a metal wall |
-
1974
- 1974-03-21 CS CS7400002070A patent/CS178912B2/en unknown
- 1974-04-01 SE SE7404350A patent/SE410939B/en unknown
- 1974-04-03 HU HU74SI00001392A patent/HU172887B/en unknown
- 1974-04-04 CH CH474774A patent/CH579953A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-04-04 FR FR7412006A patent/FR2224218B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-04-04 IT IT50069/74A patent/IT1011218B/en active
- 1974-04-05 GB GB1519374A patent/GB1412392A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-05 YU YU00959/74A patent/YU36337B/en unknown
- 1974-04-05 CA CA196,946A patent/CA1039036A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-05 US US458409A patent/US3910094A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-04-05 NL NLAANVRAGE7404717,A patent/NL172621C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH579953A5 (en) | 1976-09-30 |
| IT1011218B (en) | 1977-01-20 |
| NL172621C (en) | 1983-10-03 |
| US3910094A (en) | 1975-10-07 |
| SE410939B (en) | 1979-11-19 |
| FR2224218A1 (en) | 1974-10-31 |
| CS178912B2 (en) | 1977-10-31 |
| FR2224218B1 (en) | 1977-10-21 |
| HU172887B (en) | 1978-12-28 |
| YU95974A (en) | 1981-11-13 |
| YU36337B (en) | 1983-06-30 |
| NL172621B (en) | 1983-05-02 |
| GB1412392A (en) | 1975-11-05 |
| NL7404717A (en) | 1974-10-08 |
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