CA1038200A - Torque converter transmissions - Google Patents
Torque converter transmissionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1038200A CA1038200A CA240,043A CA240043A CA1038200A CA 1038200 A CA1038200 A CA 1038200A CA 240043 A CA240043 A CA 240043A CA 1038200 A CA1038200 A CA 1038200A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gearset
- gearsets
- gears
- converter
- annulus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
- F16H47/06—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the hydrokinetic type
- F16H47/08—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the hydrokinetic type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
- F16H47/085—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the hydrokinetic type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion with at least two mechanical connections between the hydraulic device and the mechanical transmissions
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The combination of a hydrokinetic torque converter including at least an impeller, a turbine and a reaction member; and three epicyclic gearsets each comprising an annulus gear, a sun gear, two or more planet gears meshing with the sun and annulus gears and a planet carrier for the planet gears. The torque converter is geared by connecting together two elements of the converter via one of the gearsets and the other two gearsets provide forward and reverse high and low ranges. The sun gears of all three epicyclic gearsets are co-axial and the corresponding members of each gearsets have the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle diameter.
The combination of a hydrokinetic torque converter including at least an impeller, a turbine and a reaction member; and three epicyclic gearsets each comprising an annulus gear, a sun gear, two or more planet gears meshing with the sun and annulus gears and a planet carrier for the planet gears. The torque converter is geared by connecting together two elements of the converter via one of the gearsets and the other two gearsets provide forward and reverse high and low ranges. The sun gears of all three epicyclic gearsets are co-axial and the corresponding members of each gearsets have the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle diameter.
Description
- ~o~ o Ihis invent:ion relates to the combination of a hydro-kinetic torque converter with epicyclic gearing. Such a combination finds application as an automotive transmissions between a prime mover and a final drive.
More specifically, the invention relates to the com-bination of 1. A hydrokinetic torque converter including at least three elements VlZ an impeller, a turbine and a reaction member with
More specifically, the invention relates to the com-bination of 1. A hydrokinetic torque converter including at least three elements VlZ an impeller, a turbine and a reaction member with
2. first, second and third epicyclic gearsets each comprising an annulus gear, a surl gear, two or more planet gears meshing with the sun and annulus gears and a planet carrier for the planet gears.
In such a combination, the first epicyclic gearset is connected with the torque converter to provide what is hereinafter referred to as a "geared" torque converter, that is a converter in which at least two of the elements of the converter are connected through the first gearset so as to change the rotational speed of one of the connected elements of the converter, as compared with the speed of said one element if not so connected, in order to modify the fluid flow characteristics and hence the performance of the converter. The way in which the first gearset is connected to the torque converter determines the performance characteristics of the converter. The other two gearsets provide i ~k ~()38~
for forward and reverse drive and for a high and low range in addition to the range or ranges provided by the geared conver-ter formed by the interconnected torque converter and the first gearset.
: The invention is not concerned with the type of geared torque converter in which the performance characteristics of the torque conver-ter are controlled by two epicyclic gearsets but only with a geared torque converter comprising a torque converter and a single gearset tthe first gearset referred to) to control its performance characteristics.
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved combination of a hydrokinetic torque converter and three epicyclic gearsets of the form described above.
.
According to the invention we provide the combination of:
(1) a-hydrokinetic torque converter including an impeller element, a turbine eement and a reaction member element;
(2) three epicyclic gearsets each comprising an annulus gear, a sun gear, two planet gears meshing with the sun and annulus gears and a planet carrier for the planet gears, a first direct driving connection from one element of the converter to one member of a first of said epicylcic gearsets, a second direct driving connection from a second element of the converter to another member of said first gearset, said connections causing said first gearset to modify the performance of the converter and said first gearset being the only gearset which does modify the performance of the converter, one member of ~ .: . . . . . , . -- . .
- . . . . . . . . . . .
: ~. :
~)31il20~
of a second of said epicyclic gearsets being connected to one of said converter and said first gearset, one member of the third epicyclic gearset providing an output and a second member of said third gearset being connected directly to a second member of said second gearse; and (3~ control means for said second and third gearsets and operable to provide forward and reverse drive and high and low ranges, reverse drive being obtained by braking the planet carrier of one of said second and third gearsets which provides forward and reverse drive and the planetary ratio of the other o~ said second and third gearsets being obtained by braking the sun gear of said other gearset;
and wherein the sun gears of all said gearsets are co-axial and the corresponding members of each gearset have the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle diameter.
Thus the sun gears of all three gearsets have the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle diameter, the planet gears of the three gearsets have the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle diameter and the annulus gears of the gearsets have the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle diameter. While the actual pieces of metal which provide the sun gears and annulus gears are not likely to be identical for the three gearsets, the u9e of gears ha~ng the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle aia-meter will reduce the cost of production. Thus, in particualr, the planet gears,planet gear pins andplanet gear bearings for the three gearsets can be identical. A single jig for locating the planet pins on the planet carrier can be used for all three gear-'.
, , . , - - `
. . - . .
-~03~Z~O
sets. Economies can be made in cutting the gear teeth for the sun gears and annulus gears because the tooth arrangements will be the same for each of the three gearsets. Thus if the annulus gears are formed by broaching, -the same broach may be used for all the gears and a fixture made that will hold all three annuli during broaching.
The torque converter will preferably be provided with a direct drive clutch operable to couple together the impeller and turbine to give a direct drive. Further control means may also be provided to control the first gearset to give a number of ranges.
; Preferably the annulus gears of the second and third gearsets are interconnected and may be integral, i.e. made from a single piece of metal.
Preferably, the second epicyclic gearset is the set which is operable to provide forward and reverse. The planet carrier of this gearset is braked to give reverse while forward drive can be obtained by clutching two members of the gearset together.
If the input gear is the sun gear then the gearset acts as a reduction gear whereas if the annulus gear is the input then the gearset acts as an overdrive.
We have found that by making the second gearset to be that which is controlled to give forward and reverse rather than the 103~00 third gearset, the amount of` torque which has to be handled by the brake which holds the planet carrier in reverse is less than it would be if the third epicyclic gearset were the one which is controllable to give forward and reverse. Although if the second gearset is that which is controllable to give forward(-and reverse there is a slight increase in the torque which has to be handled by the brake on the third epicyclic gearset to give planetary ratio this increase is much less than the decrease on the reverse brake of the second greaset and therefore a cheaper brake can be used on the third gearset.
The third gearset is controllable to give high and low ranges. The input to the third gearset can either be the annulus in which case the ratios will be direct and underdrive, or the sun gear, in which case the ratios will be direct and overdrive.
The invention will now be described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-FIGURES 1 to 5 are diagrams illustrating five differentembodiments of the invention;
FIGURE 6 is a vertical half section through the three gearsets of the embodiment shown diagrammatically in Figure 5 with the torque converter again shown diagrammatically, and , ~03~ZOO
FIGURE 7 is a tahular diagram illustrating various types of known geared torque converters which may be used in the invention.
Referring first to Figure 1, a torque converter is indicated generally at ]0 and first, second and third epicyclic gearsets at 11, 12, and 13 respectively. The gearsets are as described abpve in that the sun gears for all the gearsets have the same number of teeth, on the same pitch circle diameter, the annulus gears of all the gearsets have the same number of teeth on the same pitch circle diameter and the planet gears for all the gearsets have the same number of teeth on the same pitch circle diameter.
The torque converter comprises an impeller 14, a turbine 15 and a reaction member 16. The impeller 14 isconnected to the input 17 and there is a direct drive clutch 18 between the turbine and the impeller. The reaction member 16 is connected to the annulus gear 19 of the first epicyclic gearset and the turbine 15 is connected to the sun gear 20 of thegearset ]1.
One of the planet gears of the gearset is indicated at 21 and is carried by a planet carrier 22.
The turbine 15 is also connected to the sun gear 23 of the gearset 12. The annulus gear 24 of the gearset 12 is connected to the annulus gear 25 of the gearset 13 and also to one part 26a of a clutch 26. The sun gear 27 of the gearset 103~ 0 13 is connected to another part 28 of the clutch 26 which is adapted to co-operate with the part 26a. One of the planet gears of the gearset 13 is indicated at 29 and the plan~t carrier 30 on which the planet gears are carried provides the outp~t of the transmission.
One of the planet gears of the gearset 12 is indicated at 31 and is carried on the planet csrrier 32 which carries one part 33a of a clutch 33 which can co-operate with another part 34 of the clutch 33 connected to the sun gear 23. Brakes are indicated at 35 for the planet carrier 22, at 36 for the annulus 19, at 37 for the planet carrier 32 and at 38 for the sun gear 27.`
In operation, there will be three ranges obtainable from the torque converter and the first gearset 11. The lowest range will be obtained by engaging the brake 35 and releasing the brake 36 and having clutch 18 disengaged, the second range will be obtained by releasing the brake 35, having clutch 18 dis-engaged and engaging th~ brake 36 and the highest range will be obtained by engaging the clutch 18 to give a direct drive with the brakes 35 and 36 released.
The output will be in a forward direction if the clutch 33 is enga8ed thus locking up the gearset 12. On the contrary, reverse will be obtained by braking the planet carrier 32 by engaging the brake 37 and by releasing the clutch 33.
. . .
' `- 10382C~0 g Three high ranges will be obtained by engaging the clutch 26 thus locking up the gearset 13 and three low ranges will be obtained by releasing the clutch 26 and engaging the brake 38 which will hold the sun gear 27 stationary.
Referring now to Figure 2, the second and third gearsets are arranged as in relation to Figure 1 and the same reference numerals have been used. However, in Figure 2 the torque converter is indicated at 39 and comprises an impeller 40 which is connected to the sun gear 41 of a first epicyclic gearset 42 :
a reaction member 43 which is connected to the annulus gear 44 of the gearset 42 and a turbine 45 which is connected to the sun gear 23 of the second gearset 12, One of the planet gears of the first gearset 42 i6 indicated at 46 and is carried on a planet carrier 47 which is associated with a brake 48. The annulus gear 44 is associated with a brake 49 and there is a lock up clutch 50 between the impeller 40 and the turbine 45.
In this arrangement, low range is obtained by applying the brake 48 while the other brake 39 and clutch 50 are released, the second range is obtained by applying the brake 49 while the :
brake 48 and clutch 50 are released and the third range is obtained by locking up the torque converter by means of the clutch 50. The operation of the second and third gearsets is as described in relation to Figure l.
In Figure 3, again the second and third gear sets ,~ ,, .
.. : . .
"~ ' ' : , ~036~
the same as in Figures 1 and 2 and are indicated by the same reference numerals. In Figure 3 the first gearse~ is indicated at 51 and is placed in front of the torque converter which is indicated at 52. Thus the annulus gear 53 of the first gearset is connected to the impeller 54 of the torque converter, the sun gear 55 of the gearset 51 is connected to the turbine 56 and to the sun gear 23 of the second gearset. One of the planet gears of the first gearset 51 is indicated at 57 and this is carried on a planet carrier 58 which provides the input and there is a direct drive clutch 59 between the planet carrier 58 and the turbine 56. The torque converter includes a reaction membmer 60 which is connected through a one-way clutch 61 to a fixed abutment 62.
In this arrangement, the geared torque converter5 i.e.
the first gearset 51 and the torque converter 52, only gives direct drive when the clutch 59 is engaged and an indirect range when it is not. The second and third gearsets 12 and 13 operate as described above. -`
Referring now to Figure 4, this shows a further arrangement in which there is a torque converter 63 and a first gearset 64.
The torque converter comprises an lmpeller 65 which is conn~cted to the input, a turbine 66 which is connected to the planet carrier 67 of the gearset 64 and a reaction member 68 which is connected through a one~way clutch 69 to the sun gear 70 of the first gearset 64. The annulus gear 71 of the first gearset is connected to the ~ , .
l03~no sun gear 23 of the second gearset and one of the planet gears of the first gearset 64 is indicated at 72. There is a direct drive clutch 73 between the impeller 65 and the turbine 66. ~s in Figure 3, the geared torque converter only gives dire~t drive when the clutch 73 is locked up and an indirect range when the clutch is released. The second and third gearsets 12 and 13 -~ `
operate as described above.
Referring now to Figure 5, the torque converter is indicated at 74 and comprises an impeller 75 which is connected to the input9 a turbine 76 which is connected to the annulus gear 77 of the first gearset 78 and two reaction members the first of which, 79, is connected to the sun gear 80 of the first gearset and the second reaction member 81 is connected through a one-way clutch 82 to an abutment 83. One of the planet gears of the first gearset 78 is indicated at 84 and is mounted on a planet carrier 85 which has associated therewith a brake 86. The reaction member 79 has associated therewith a brake 87 and there is a direct drive clutch 88 between the turbine and the impeller.
The second and third gearsets 12 and 13 operate as des-drived above. The geared torque converter consisting of the torque converter 74 plus the firtt gearset 78 can be operated to provide four ranges one of which is automatic and the first of the other three is `obtained by en8aging the brake 86 while the brake 87 and clutch 88 are disengaged.` The next range is obtained 1038;~ 0 by engaging the brake 87 while the brake 86 and clutch 88 are disengaged and the remaining direct drive range is obtained by engaging the clutch 88.
Figure 6 shows the gearsets 11 to 13 of Figure 5. From this figure it will be seen that the planet gears 29, 31, and 84 are identical and are all arranged on their respective planet carriers 30, 32 and 85 at the same distance from the co-axis 100 of the gearsets. The planet pins 101 for the gears 29 and 84 are identical and the planet pins 102 for the planet gears 31 differ only in an extra drilling at one end but all the pins could be identical. The sun gears 23, 27 and 80 are all of the same size and the annulus gear 24, 25 and 77 are also all of the same size. The annulus gears 24, 25 are integral being formed of a single piece of metal 103.
The various brakes and clutches are~multi-plate and hydraulically operated and will not be described in further detail.
Figure 7 shows in tabular form various known types of geared torque converters which can be associated with two further epicyclic gearsets such as the second and third gearset 12 and 13 referred to above in order to give torque converter and epicyclic gearset combination in accordance with the present invention. When used in this manner all of the epicyclic 1031~%(~0 gearsets will have, on corresponding gears, the same number of teeth arrahged on the same pitch circle diameter. It will be noted that in each of the geared torque converters shown in Figure 7 there is only a single first gearset which controls the performance of the torque converter. The letters A,P and S as used in Figure 7 denote the annulus, planet and sun gears of the arrangements respectively and the letters I,T,R and C
denote the impellers, turbines, reaction members and one way clutches of the arrangements. The arrangements shown in line X of Figure 7 are what are known as "input coupled", the -arrangement shown in llne Y gives a simultaneous input to output connection, and the arrangements shown in line Z are what are known as "output coupled".
It will also be noted that in all the arrangements described above the second gearset, the gearset 12 in each arrangement, is the gearset which gives the facility for forward and reverse drive. As has been described abovè, by putting this gearset as the second gearset, rather than the third gearset, the load on the reverse brake 37 is reduced as compared with what it would be were the forward and reverse gearset to be the third gearset.
There is, by the arrangement shown in the drawings, a slight increase of torque on the low ratio brake 38 but this increase is very much less than the decrease in the torque handled by the , reverse brake 37 so that cheaper components can be used than if the third gearset were the forward and reverse gearset.
In such a combination, the first epicyclic gearset is connected with the torque converter to provide what is hereinafter referred to as a "geared" torque converter, that is a converter in which at least two of the elements of the converter are connected through the first gearset so as to change the rotational speed of one of the connected elements of the converter, as compared with the speed of said one element if not so connected, in order to modify the fluid flow characteristics and hence the performance of the converter. The way in which the first gearset is connected to the torque converter determines the performance characteristics of the converter. The other two gearsets provide i ~k ~()38~
for forward and reverse drive and for a high and low range in addition to the range or ranges provided by the geared conver-ter formed by the interconnected torque converter and the first gearset.
: The invention is not concerned with the type of geared torque converter in which the performance characteristics of the torque conver-ter are controlled by two epicyclic gearsets but only with a geared torque converter comprising a torque converter and a single gearset tthe first gearset referred to) to control its performance characteristics.
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved combination of a hydrokinetic torque converter and three epicyclic gearsets of the form described above.
.
According to the invention we provide the combination of:
(1) a-hydrokinetic torque converter including an impeller element, a turbine eement and a reaction member element;
(2) three epicyclic gearsets each comprising an annulus gear, a sun gear, two planet gears meshing with the sun and annulus gears and a planet carrier for the planet gears, a first direct driving connection from one element of the converter to one member of a first of said epicylcic gearsets, a second direct driving connection from a second element of the converter to another member of said first gearset, said connections causing said first gearset to modify the performance of the converter and said first gearset being the only gearset which does modify the performance of the converter, one member of ~ .: . . . . . , . -- . .
- . . . . . . . . . . .
: ~. :
~)31il20~
of a second of said epicyclic gearsets being connected to one of said converter and said first gearset, one member of the third epicyclic gearset providing an output and a second member of said third gearset being connected directly to a second member of said second gearse; and (3~ control means for said second and third gearsets and operable to provide forward and reverse drive and high and low ranges, reverse drive being obtained by braking the planet carrier of one of said second and third gearsets which provides forward and reverse drive and the planetary ratio of the other o~ said second and third gearsets being obtained by braking the sun gear of said other gearset;
and wherein the sun gears of all said gearsets are co-axial and the corresponding members of each gearset have the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle diameter.
Thus the sun gears of all three gearsets have the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle diameter, the planet gears of the three gearsets have the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle diameter and the annulus gears of the gearsets have the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle diameter. While the actual pieces of metal which provide the sun gears and annulus gears are not likely to be identical for the three gearsets, the u9e of gears ha~ng the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle aia-meter will reduce the cost of production. Thus, in particualr, the planet gears,planet gear pins andplanet gear bearings for the three gearsets can be identical. A single jig for locating the planet pins on the planet carrier can be used for all three gear-'.
, , . , - - `
. . - . .
-~03~Z~O
sets. Economies can be made in cutting the gear teeth for the sun gears and annulus gears because the tooth arrangements will be the same for each of the three gearsets. Thus if the annulus gears are formed by broaching, -the same broach may be used for all the gears and a fixture made that will hold all three annuli during broaching.
The torque converter will preferably be provided with a direct drive clutch operable to couple together the impeller and turbine to give a direct drive. Further control means may also be provided to control the first gearset to give a number of ranges.
; Preferably the annulus gears of the second and third gearsets are interconnected and may be integral, i.e. made from a single piece of metal.
Preferably, the second epicyclic gearset is the set which is operable to provide forward and reverse. The planet carrier of this gearset is braked to give reverse while forward drive can be obtained by clutching two members of the gearset together.
If the input gear is the sun gear then the gearset acts as a reduction gear whereas if the annulus gear is the input then the gearset acts as an overdrive.
We have found that by making the second gearset to be that which is controlled to give forward and reverse rather than the 103~00 third gearset, the amount of` torque which has to be handled by the brake which holds the planet carrier in reverse is less than it would be if the third epicyclic gearset were the one which is controllable to give forward and reverse. Although if the second gearset is that which is controllable to give forward(-and reverse there is a slight increase in the torque which has to be handled by the brake on the third epicyclic gearset to give planetary ratio this increase is much less than the decrease on the reverse brake of the second greaset and therefore a cheaper brake can be used on the third gearset.
The third gearset is controllable to give high and low ranges. The input to the third gearset can either be the annulus in which case the ratios will be direct and underdrive, or the sun gear, in which case the ratios will be direct and overdrive.
The invention will now be described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-FIGURES 1 to 5 are diagrams illustrating five differentembodiments of the invention;
FIGURE 6 is a vertical half section through the three gearsets of the embodiment shown diagrammatically in Figure 5 with the torque converter again shown diagrammatically, and , ~03~ZOO
FIGURE 7 is a tahular diagram illustrating various types of known geared torque converters which may be used in the invention.
Referring first to Figure 1, a torque converter is indicated generally at ]0 and first, second and third epicyclic gearsets at 11, 12, and 13 respectively. The gearsets are as described abpve in that the sun gears for all the gearsets have the same number of teeth, on the same pitch circle diameter, the annulus gears of all the gearsets have the same number of teeth on the same pitch circle diameter and the planet gears for all the gearsets have the same number of teeth on the same pitch circle diameter.
The torque converter comprises an impeller 14, a turbine 15 and a reaction member 16. The impeller 14 isconnected to the input 17 and there is a direct drive clutch 18 between the turbine and the impeller. The reaction member 16 is connected to the annulus gear 19 of the first epicyclic gearset and the turbine 15 is connected to the sun gear 20 of thegearset ]1.
One of the planet gears of the gearset is indicated at 21 and is carried by a planet carrier 22.
The turbine 15 is also connected to the sun gear 23 of the gearset 12. The annulus gear 24 of the gearset 12 is connected to the annulus gear 25 of the gearset 13 and also to one part 26a of a clutch 26. The sun gear 27 of the gearset 103~ 0 13 is connected to another part 28 of the clutch 26 which is adapted to co-operate with the part 26a. One of the planet gears of the gearset 13 is indicated at 29 and the plan~t carrier 30 on which the planet gears are carried provides the outp~t of the transmission.
One of the planet gears of the gearset 12 is indicated at 31 and is carried on the planet csrrier 32 which carries one part 33a of a clutch 33 which can co-operate with another part 34 of the clutch 33 connected to the sun gear 23. Brakes are indicated at 35 for the planet carrier 22, at 36 for the annulus 19, at 37 for the planet carrier 32 and at 38 for the sun gear 27.`
In operation, there will be three ranges obtainable from the torque converter and the first gearset 11. The lowest range will be obtained by engaging the brake 35 and releasing the brake 36 and having clutch 18 disengaged, the second range will be obtained by releasing the brake 35, having clutch 18 dis-engaged and engaging th~ brake 36 and the highest range will be obtained by engaging the clutch 18 to give a direct drive with the brakes 35 and 36 released.
The output will be in a forward direction if the clutch 33 is enga8ed thus locking up the gearset 12. On the contrary, reverse will be obtained by braking the planet carrier 32 by engaging the brake 37 and by releasing the clutch 33.
. . .
' `- 10382C~0 g Three high ranges will be obtained by engaging the clutch 26 thus locking up the gearset 13 and three low ranges will be obtained by releasing the clutch 26 and engaging the brake 38 which will hold the sun gear 27 stationary.
Referring now to Figure 2, the second and third gearsets are arranged as in relation to Figure 1 and the same reference numerals have been used. However, in Figure 2 the torque converter is indicated at 39 and comprises an impeller 40 which is connected to the sun gear 41 of a first epicyclic gearset 42 :
a reaction member 43 which is connected to the annulus gear 44 of the gearset 42 and a turbine 45 which is connected to the sun gear 23 of the second gearset 12, One of the planet gears of the first gearset 42 i6 indicated at 46 and is carried on a planet carrier 47 which is associated with a brake 48. The annulus gear 44 is associated with a brake 49 and there is a lock up clutch 50 between the impeller 40 and the turbine 45.
In this arrangement, low range is obtained by applying the brake 48 while the other brake 39 and clutch 50 are released, the second range is obtained by applying the brake 49 while the :
brake 48 and clutch 50 are released and the third range is obtained by locking up the torque converter by means of the clutch 50. The operation of the second and third gearsets is as described in relation to Figure l.
In Figure 3, again the second and third gear sets ,~ ,, .
.. : . .
"~ ' ' : , ~036~
the same as in Figures 1 and 2 and are indicated by the same reference numerals. In Figure 3 the first gearse~ is indicated at 51 and is placed in front of the torque converter which is indicated at 52. Thus the annulus gear 53 of the first gearset is connected to the impeller 54 of the torque converter, the sun gear 55 of the gearset 51 is connected to the turbine 56 and to the sun gear 23 of the second gearset. One of the planet gears of the first gearset 51 is indicated at 57 and this is carried on a planet carrier 58 which provides the input and there is a direct drive clutch 59 between the planet carrier 58 and the turbine 56. The torque converter includes a reaction membmer 60 which is connected through a one-way clutch 61 to a fixed abutment 62.
In this arrangement, the geared torque converter5 i.e.
the first gearset 51 and the torque converter 52, only gives direct drive when the clutch 59 is engaged and an indirect range when it is not. The second and third gearsets 12 and 13 operate as described above. -`
Referring now to Figure 4, this shows a further arrangement in which there is a torque converter 63 and a first gearset 64.
The torque converter comprises an lmpeller 65 which is conn~cted to the input, a turbine 66 which is connected to the planet carrier 67 of the gearset 64 and a reaction member 68 which is connected through a one~way clutch 69 to the sun gear 70 of the first gearset 64. The annulus gear 71 of the first gearset is connected to the ~ , .
l03~no sun gear 23 of the second gearset and one of the planet gears of the first gearset 64 is indicated at 72. There is a direct drive clutch 73 between the impeller 65 and the turbine 66. ~s in Figure 3, the geared torque converter only gives dire~t drive when the clutch 73 is locked up and an indirect range when the clutch is released. The second and third gearsets 12 and 13 -~ `
operate as described above.
Referring now to Figure 5, the torque converter is indicated at 74 and comprises an impeller 75 which is connected to the input9 a turbine 76 which is connected to the annulus gear 77 of the first gearset 78 and two reaction members the first of which, 79, is connected to the sun gear 80 of the first gearset and the second reaction member 81 is connected through a one-way clutch 82 to an abutment 83. One of the planet gears of the first gearset 78 is indicated at 84 and is mounted on a planet carrier 85 which has associated therewith a brake 86. The reaction member 79 has associated therewith a brake 87 and there is a direct drive clutch 88 between the turbine and the impeller.
The second and third gearsets 12 and 13 operate as des-drived above. The geared torque converter consisting of the torque converter 74 plus the firtt gearset 78 can be operated to provide four ranges one of which is automatic and the first of the other three is `obtained by en8aging the brake 86 while the brake 87 and clutch 88 are disengaged.` The next range is obtained 1038;~ 0 by engaging the brake 87 while the brake 86 and clutch 88 are disengaged and the remaining direct drive range is obtained by engaging the clutch 88.
Figure 6 shows the gearsets 11 to 13 of Figure 5. From this figure it will be seen that the planet gears 29, 31, and 84 are identical and are all arranged on their respective planet carriers 30, 32 and 85 at the same distance from the co-axis 100 of the gearsets. The planet pins 101 for the gears 29 and 84 are identical and the planet pins 102 for the planet gears 31 differ only in an extra drilling at one end but all the pins could be identical. The sun gears 23, 27 and 80 are all of the same size and the annulus gear 24, 25 and 77 are also all of the same size. The annulus gears 24, 25 are integral being formed of a single piece of metal 103.
The various brakes and clutches are~multi-plate and hydraulically operated and will not be described in further detail.
Figure 7 shows in tabular form various known types of geared torque converters which can be associated with two further epicyclic gearsets such as the second and third gearset 12 and 13 referred to above in order to give torque converter and epicyclic gearset combination in accordance with the present invention. When used in this manner all of the epicyclic 1031~%(~0 gearsets will have, on corresponding gears, the same number of teeth arrahged on the same pitch circle diameter. It will be noted that in each of the geared torque converters shown in Figure 7 there is only a single first gearset which controls the performance of the torque converter. The letters A,P and S as used in Figure 7 denote the annulus, planet and sun gears of the arrangements respectively and the letters I,T,R and C
denote the impellers, turbines, reaction members and one way clutches of the arrangements. The arrangements shown in line X of Figure 7 are what are known as "input coupled", the -arrangement shown in llne Y gives a simultaneous input to output connection, and the arrangements shown in line Z are what are known as "output coupled".
It will also be noted that in all the arrangements described above the second gearset, the gearset 12 in each arrangement, is the gearset which gives the facility for forward and reverse drive. As has been described abovè, by putting this gearset as the second gearset, rather than the third gearset, the load on the reverse brake 37 is reduced as compared with what it would be were the forward and reverse gearset to be the third gearset.
There is, by the arrangement shown in the drawings, a slight increase of torque on the low ratio brake 38 but this increase is very much less than the decrease in the torque handled by the , reverse brake 37 so that cheaper components can be used than if the third gearset were the forward and reverse gearset.
Claims (6)
1. The combination of (1) a hydrokinetic torque converter including an impeller element, a turbine element and a reaction member element; (2) three epicyclic gearsets each comprising an annulus gear, a sun gear, two planet gears meshing with the sun and annulus gears and a planet carrier for the planet gears, a first direct driving connection from one element of the converter to one member of a first of said epicyclic gearsets, a second direct driving connection from a second element of the converter to another member of said first gearset, said connections causing said first gearset to modify the performance of the converter and said first gearset being the only gearset which does modify the performance of the converter, one member of a second of said epicyclic gearsets being connected to one of said converter and said first gearset, one member of the third epicyclic gearset providing an output and a second member of said third gearset being connected directly to a second member of said second gearset; and (3) control means for said second and third gearsets and operable to provide forward and reverse drive and high and low ranges, reverse drive being obtained by braking the planet carrier of one of said second and third gearsets which provides forward and reverse drive and the planetary ratio of the other of said second and third gearsets being obtained by braking the sun gear of said other gearset;
and wherein the sun gears of all said gearsets are co-axial and the corresponding members of each gearset have the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle diameter.
and wherein the sun gears of all said gearsets are co-axial and the corresponding members of each gearset have the same number of teeth arranged on the same pitch circle diameter.
2. The combination according to Claim 1 in which said second gearset is the set which is operable to provide forward and reverse.
3. The combination according to Claim 1 in which the annulus gears of said second and third gearsets are inter-connected and mounted for rotation.
4. The combination according to Claim 3 in which annulus gears of said second and third gearsets are made from a single piece of metal.
5. The combination according to Claim 1 in which a direct drive clutch is provided to couple together the impeller and the turbine to give a direct drive.
6. The combination according to Claim 1 wherein said one member of the second gearset is connected to the converter.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB5041574A GB1479750A (en) | 1974-11-20 | 1974-11-20 | Torque converter transmissions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1038200A true CA1038200A (en) | 1978-09-12 |
Family
ID=10455825
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA240,043A Expired CA1038200A (en) | 1974-11-20 | 1975-11-19 | Torque converter transmissions |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1038200A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2552006A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1479750A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1050918B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4513634A (en) * | 1977-05-13 | 1985-04-30 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Change-speed transmission with selective bypass of hydrokinetic unit |
| JPS62242175A (en) * | 1986-04-15 | 1987-10-22 | Daikin Mfg Co Ltd | Three-element multistage type torque converter |
| US8628441B2 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2014-01-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Torque splitting torque converter assembly |
-
1974
- 1974-11-20 GB GB5041574A patent/GB1479750A/en not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-11-19 CA CA240,043A patent/CA1038200A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-11-19 IT IT6985975A patent/IT1050918B/en active
- 1975-11-20 DE DE19752552006 patent/DE2552006A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1479750A (en) | 1977-07-13 |
| IT1050918B (en) | 1981-03-20 |
| DE2552006A1 (en) | 1976-05-26 |
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