BRPI1104840A2 - multi-generator wind turbine for electric power - Google Patents

Abstract

MULTI-GENERATOR ELECTRIC POWER WIND TURBINE. The present invention patent aims at the generation of electrical energy through aerodynamic or hydrodynamic force. It consists of: a double turbine that generates electric energy, containing two sets of distinct electromagnetic fields for the generation of energy, one located in the outer radius (1) and the other located in the inner radius of the turbine (2), these two sets generators are connected by the blades (3) which have a variable angle to control the angular speed of the turbine (rad / s). In the outer perimeter of the turbine propeller, there is a bevel gear (19) connected to a rotating shaft with or without cardan (20) located in the center of the turbine housing (5), which drives, through a clutch system (transmission housing) exchange) (7), the reduction transmission system (23) coupled to the third generator set (22), activated when the ambient conditions exceed a certain value of aero and hydrodynamic potential. The turbine is fixed by the external box (5) on a rotating base (12 and 13) which is attached to a post or fixation tower (16). The energy generated, rectification, sum of powers, storage and distribution, as well as the activation of the third generator set are managed by the control CPU (24). The equipment is positioned by the rudder (14) in the wind direction. The wind turbine can also work only with blades built passively (without generators) and transfer the rotation torque only through an axis that will connect to a transmission that will take the rotation at an ideal speed for a generator of any type or number of poles. The so-called "Nacele" (31) (which is the compartment where most of the components needed for energy generation are located) can be under water, over water in the case of offshore systems, under the ground or over the ground in case of onshore systems. Underwater turbines (34) generate energy in river currents, sea currents and tides. They can be installed in the tower structure or separated.

Description

"MULTI-GENERATOR WIND TURBINE OF ELECTRIC POWER"

The present invention is a wind turbine or water turbine, created on the basis of aeronautical, marine, electrical, mechanical engineering, using energy and signal conversion processes. The main purpose of the present invention is to generate electrical energy through the aerodynamic or hydrodynamic force and the kinetic energy coming from the moving parts of the equipment.

Nowadays the search for clean energy generation solutions is a priority when it comes to sustainability of the planet. Electric power can be generated by the transformation of other energy sources such as mechanical, hydraulic, light and nuclear. However wind energy is being used below its maximum capacity. One of the main obstacles is the ratio of R $ / KW currently generated by wind systems. Another difficulty is linked to the efficiency of electricity generation through wind energy. The latter is due to the low utilization of all latent potential in current equipment, consisting of a generator driven by a three-bladed propeller.

The state of the art presents several improvements to the current solution used, generator with blades. However the current focus is on the use of a single or only two electric generators coupled to a three-bladed propeller. Of all the energies involved in the system only wind energy is used to rotate the generator shaft that turns it into electrical energy. The kinetic energy-transformed mechanical losses available on all rotating parts of the equipment and the area of wind exposure that could generate the most efficient electromagnetic fields are neglected.

The current state of the art has several patents dealing with the development of systems and equipment for the generation of electricity from clean sources, in this case wind and hydraulic. Aware of the state of the art and envisioning a way to utilize all the other energy sources available in wind equipment and this being an abundant matrix in various parts of our planet, the "MULTI-GENERATOR ENERGY WIND TURBINE" in question was created. , to improve the efficiency of electricity generation with the best use of new features added to the projects, driven by wind or hydraulic energy.

The equipment object of the present invention uses the force generated by the wind or water pressure of rivers or sea to drive a turbine that has two electric generators, one in the center of the turbine and another in the periphery of it. In addition to these generators there is a third generator or generator set (this generator set can be made up of several generators connected to the set and can be used if there is potential for it) that is driven by a gearbox-like system of a automobile that when the aerodynamic or hydrodynamic pressure exceeds a certain value it will start using this system to switch the set and optimize the generation of electricity (the system adjusts to the received force, optimizing the efficiency of the energy generation). The entire system set is controlled by a computer (CPU or intelligent control set) that manages the generation, rectification (frequency adjustments), storage and distribution of the generated energy.

All power generation is optimized when working with the generator at full power (FEM / 2 (Y axis) relative to icc / 2 (X axis)) overcoming resistance (reactive power (KVAR) that is generated with FEM ( Electro Motive Force or "V" voltage) detailed in Lenz's law. This law states that "when there is magnetic induction, the direction of the induced electromotive force is such that the resulting magnetic field tends to stop the motion that produces the electromotive force. . "

The following is a brief explanation of the existing power in the system: Active power (kW) to perform the work of generating heat, light, motion, etc. and Reactive power (kVAr) to maintain the electromagnetic field, which does not produce useful work, but it circulates between the generator and the load, requiring an additional current from the generator and the electricity distribution system. Active power and reactive power together form the apparent power (kVA). When apparent power is greater than active power, the utility must provide, in addition to the useful (active) current, a reactive current. Further details are neither pertinent nor objective of this patent.

The turbine moves through kinetic energy generated by the potential that the medium applies to the propellers or blades and can reach unnecessary high speeds. Benefiting from this condition, more generators are automatically coupled to optimize the set and optimize system power generation where a third generator or set of generators will be added generating a mechanical and electromagnetic resistance that will slow the system down. optimal rotation while generating more electricity. We can also electronically change the generator field to optimize power generation. It is important to mention that the power generator can also work only with the generator set at the base of the tower and the turbine at the top of the tower being merely passive (containing no generator) and being made to be as light as possible.

Generators have individual characteristics, although they are working together. The alternating current output has totally different characteristics between each generator (of course for generators of different construction, for the same generators they will have the same type of output if the angular velocity (useful end rotational speed of the drive part) is the same. , varying the electromagnetic fields of all these generators working at the same time decreases their chances of working at full power at all times, but that's no problem, as the main goal is to overcome the resistance (reactive power (KVAR)) generated. with FEM and make the most of mechanical and / or electronic media pressure and generate energy with this energy potential with automatic and intelligent control.This condition can be compared to a hydroelectric that has an energy potential based on meters of water column which are released in a controlled manner to keep the generator at full power if necessary, As the wind potential is variable, all of this smart set is needed to make the most of this intermittent potential. The following are some formulas of generator conditions at full power:

Maximum Power Generator

<formula> formula see original document page 5 </formula>

The CPU computer or intelligent control set mentioned above will make the decisions about what will be the best system configuration for optimal use of the powertrain and generate power with 100% utilization of wind or hydraulic potential. Each generator will have sine output at particular frequencies (for example: Generator 1 = 400Hz, Generator 2 = 40Hz1 Generator 3 = 50Hz or more). This phenomenon occurs due to peculiarities of each generator and we can analyze these frequencies through the formula below:

N = 120 xfx (1-s) / ρ or f = Nxp / 120x (1-s)

Where:

N = speed in revolutions per minute

f = frequency in Hertz

s = slip (slip is the percentage difference from rotor speed to rotating field speed of an induction motor)

p = no. of poles

A computerized rectifier (frequency inverter) will rectify these waves so that we have an output, for example, for Brazil 60 Hz.

Having the frequency stabilized the CPU or intelligent control set will have the information of what the output voltage, for example 13.8 kV and the sum of the powers of each generator (these values are characteristics of each project and predefined according to its developers). ).

The developed equipment has the following characteristics:

a) - a wind turbine built to drive two or more electric power generators. The first one is located in the center of the turbine (can be built all the way up to the shaft or only in multipole ring) and the second is fixed in the outer perimeter of the turbine which can also be built in multipole ring. These two generators are fixed between the blades that can change the pitch to increase or decrease the torque and / or system speed. These decisions will be made by the CPU taking into account a pre-established boolean rule for each type of project. The other generators can be driven by various types of mechanical systems, here are presented the rotary shaft with or without cardan and the belt. The present patent wishes to protect the project author in the solution as a whole, all parts cited are important for the entire project.

The turbine is designed to operate under natural wind pressure, installed on a land, water, underwater and / or aircraft that will be detailed in the patent application for "POWER AND HYBRID VEHICLE POWER GENERATOR TURBINE". The whole assembly can be constructed in any size or material according to the need of the load to be taken into consideration.

b) - The blades have the function of using the wind pressure to move the turbine and thus turn the wind energy into mechanical energy and it into electrical energy. The blades may vary in their angle of attack (pitch control) depending on use and are controlled by a set of equipment that act according to ambient conditions. Concrete bars can be used to balance the dressing at the top of the tower.

c) - An axis in the center of the turbine connects to a bevel gear (can be any other mechanical system that acts to consistently rotate the system) that drives another set of bevel gears fixed to a third set of generators which in turn are driven by a transmission system that can be made in various ways, in which case an automatic transmission system (coupling system and driving decoupling) is being presented. However, the kinetic energy of the system is harnessed to generate electrical energy with electromagnetic induction generated in both turbine fields and generator set fields. When wind conditions exceed a certain value of aero or hydrodynamic force as mentioned above. This third generator bank is driven by the intelligent control set that makes this decision in order to optimize power generation and avoid unnecessary braking (this similar idea comes from the Kers systems used in Formula 1). Generator models can be: Synchronous, Elementary Three-Phase, Fixed-Pole Three-Phase Generators (which can be constructed for research on: empty, under load, purely resistive loads, purely capacitive loads, purely inductive loads, and inductive loads). Three Phase Synchronous Rotary Pole Generator, Three Phase Synchronous Generator: With Static Excitation System, Three Phase Synchronous Generator With "Brushless" Excitation System and or any other generator that needs motive power to generate power.

d) - The turbine is fixed by the outer circular housing on a swivel base that is coupled to a tower. This whole set can be constructed of various materials according to the type of use which in the case of the present patent is a large wind generator, but can be developed for coupling in land, water, underwater or aircraft vehicles. as mentioned earlier. These other solutions will be presented in the patent application "ENERGY POWER GENERATOR FOR WIND AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES".

e) - The equipment has an intelligent control set (CPU (Central Processing Unit)) that has software that will make the decisions about which will be the best system configuration to make better use of the powertrain and generate power and reach the maximum of take advantage of the set such as demagnetizing some generator poles and leaving it freer to rotate in lower winds. This set connects to a general smart grid that also makes decisions (Smart Grids). Each generator will have sinusoidal output at particular frequencies, a computerized rectifier will align these waves, providing a 60 Hz output. After stabilizing the frequency the software will have the information of the total power and output voltage, for example 120 V at 13.8 KV. All power generation management, power rectification, storage and distribution, as well as third-party drive will be managed by the intelligent control set or CPU. The accompanying drawings show the arrangement of the "MULTI-GENERATOR ELECTRIC POWER WIND TURBINE", object of the present patent, in which:

Figure 1 - "DETAIL OF THE WIND TURBINE" in section.

Figure 2 - "Wind Turbine" side view.

Figure 3 - "WIND TURBINE" isometric view.

Figure 4 - "PROTOTYPE PHOTO" overview.

As shown in Figure 1, the "MULTI-GENERATING ELECTRIC POWER WIND TURBINE" consists of: a double turbine generator, consisting of two sets of inductive generators which can be permanent magnet, air-coil copper coil, enameled aluminum coil with light air gap (for aircraft use) or fully passive (absent from electromagnetic fields) for power generation, one is located on the outer radius of the turbine (1) and the other located on the inner radius (ring generator) of the turbine (2), these two assemblies are connected by the blades (3) (see Figure 1) which have variable angle controlled by the pitch adjustment system (4), to adapt to ambient conditions, control the angular velocity of the turbine and can be built anyway for better use of the place to be installed. On the outer perimeter of the turbine propeller is one of the outer housing (5) that supports another generator set. In the center of the set we have the main shaft (6) which drives, by means of a clutch system (previously explained) or gearbox (7), the transmission system (8) which is presented in two examples, the shaft with or without gimbal (9) and belt (10) coupled to the third generator set generator (11) which are also presented in two examples, those connected by shaft with or without gimbal (9) and through belt (10) when ambient conditions exceed a certain value of aero or hydrodynamic force. Any transmission set can be used, such as gear sets.

As shown in Figure 2: The turbine is fixed by the outer casing (5) on two turntables, one active with spin control motors (12) and the other passive bearing only (13), which is coupled to a post ( 16) which can also be any tower. The turbine rotary positioning system is controlled by the system (14) which directs the turbine in the wind direction and the weather conditions are measured by the system (15) which also contains the aircraft warning light and also has the entire length of the tower. lightning arresters, especially in the higher parts that are grounded by grounding rods properly installed on the ground or in offshore regions. All this information from the top of the turbine is transmitted to the CPU with the control cable (26). A cone (17) may be installed to improve wind pressure and a screen (18) may be installed to protect birds and bats. All driving force is transferred to the base of the tower by means of a bevel gear (19) and a rotary shaft with or without cardan (20). Brake and safety lock systems (21) are required (in addition to the ability to feather the blades (propeller zero pitch)). At the base of the tower are installed all other components. One or more power generators (22) of any model with previously mentioned gearbox (23), rectification and distribution, as well as the drive of the third generator are managed by CPU or intelligent control set that manages the generation, rectification (frequency adjustments), storage and distribution of the generated energy (24). High voltage transformer (25). The upper generation is carried by the cables (27) (loop cables that are part of this system). Safety Fuse and Network Output (28). Figure 3 shows the aerodynamic system to reduce drag (29). Transmission Substation (30). All the heavier equipment called "Naceles" (are the compartments where most of the components needed for power generation are located) from the previous turbines were transferred to the ground or into the water in an offshore case (31). which is an innovation and one of the objectives of this patent can be installed on the ground, onshore, on water or under water in offshore cases (33). Every extension of the cardan or non-cardan rotary shaft has a damping system along the tower to attenuate unwanted vibrations (32). Hydrodynamic generators (34) with steering and lift system (35). Battery banks and super capacitors can be installed inside the CPU (24).

Figure 5 represents the summary electrical scheme of the system. Figure 6 is a photo of the prototype developed with passive (non-power generating) blades with transmission, generators, converters and transformers installed at the base of the tower. The blades may be passive, but there may be a radial generator at the rotor mainshaft outlet installed on the tower or pole. That is, the system may be a pitch-controlled propeller assembly, a pitch-controlled turbine, or an active turbine with two electromagnetic fields on the inside diameter and outside diameter already mentioned.

Claims (8)

1. Wind and / or hydraulic turbine for electric power generation characterized by the arrangement of two electric power generators, where the first is on the inside diameter of the turbine and the second on the outside diameter of the turbine. Turbine according to Claim 1, characterized by the blades that connect the generators, as well as their construction, located on the inside and outside diameter of the turbine. Turbine according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the bevel gear (19) is connected to a rotary shaft with or without a cardan (20) which drives the transmission system of the third set of generators, as shown in Figure 1. Turbine according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized by the clutch system (gearbox) that drives the third generator, as illustrated in figure 1. Turbine according to Claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, characterized by the transmission system that drives the third generator as illustrated in Figure 1. Turbine according to Claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that it has a pivoting base which allows the turbine to be aligned in the wind direction, as shown in Figure 2. Turbine according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that it has a control CPU that manages all system logic to generate, rectify, add the power, store and distribute the generated electric energy. by the equipment as illustrated in figure 2. Turbine according to Claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, characterized in that it has an electronic rudder in conjunction with an atmospheric gauge and wind speed to direct the turbine in the wind direction as illustrated in figure 2.