BRPI1101961A2 - human energy expenditure monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

HUMAN ENERGY SPENDING MONITORING SYSTEM The system, object of the present invention relates to a set of sensors and computer programs which aims to measure, monitor and transmit the assessment of human energy expenditure through a mobile telephone device providing applications. of direct use by the user of the measurements of each physiological variable and its history.

Description

HUMAN ENERGY SPENDING MONITORING SYSTEM FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of human and health needs and is comprised of a system for monitoring human energy expenditure for the purpose of measuring or recording heart rate, physical activity level, body temperature, external temperature, maximum volume of oxygen and evaluation of energy expenditure in free environment using combinations of techniques and models based on cardiac activity, physical activity and radiation losses. DESCRIPTION OF TECHNICAL STATE

Some documents have been chosen to

exemplify what is in the state of the art. ------

Document W02010096691 entitled "Footwear-based body weight monitor and postural allocation, physical activity classification, and energy expenditure calculator": In addition to all the above differences and advantages of the invention in relation to the object of search, this document still differs from the invention by account of the body weight and posture monitoring system based on the measurement of body pressure. This document presents the use of sensors installed on the user's shoe from which data is transmitted. It is noteworthy that the system described in the document in question only makes measurements in two axes whereas in the present invention, the monitoring of the level of physical activity is based on the measurement of the body displacement in three axes (anteroposterior, mid-lateral and vertical). and in the measurement of cardiac activity during all physical activities that produce or not body displacement, still allowing the measurement of physiological variables at rest or at baseline; posture monitoring is the result of three-axis displacement sensor measurement, where the measurement of each axis results in the user's current posture (measurements are based on three axes that allow you to detail body positions - the position of the sensors determines the segment of the moving body). The system of the present invention is placed close to the center of mass which allows to evaluate the body displacement as a whole and not in a single body segment as in the model of the document W02010096691 which is placed in the shoe or leg. Thus, the system described in that document only measures dislocations that imply walking or — movements — with the feet…. variables analyzed, the monitoring result only makes assessments based on lower limb dislocation. In the present invention, the initial assessment of the user based on anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and personal data (gender and age), allows to particularise the calibration of the results of the evaluation of energy expenditure. The "evaluation result through the system described in W02010096691 is not accurate for a particular user because it is only based on body weight, eliminating determining factors such as those mentioned above.

Other technical advantages of the present invention over the present document are that the monitoring of energy expenditure is based on the correlation of five variables: body displacement, cardiac activity, amount of oxygen, temperature and amount of kilocalories ingested. Results based on only two variables, as in the document in question, do not guarantee the accuracy of total energy expenditure assessments. In addition, sensor communication with a Bluetooth-enabled mobile device provides broad coverage of the transmission and reception of information, unlike the use of a transceiver that only allows communication between the sensors and the mobile device, but not with a control panel. of data. - US20100049004, entitled "Metabolic energy monitoring system". With regard to this document, in addition to the above differences in all matters existing in the state of the art, it can be emphasized that the ■ monitoring. heat loss by body radiation, as in the present invention, is based on the relationship between external or environmental temperature and body temperature, and this assessment is important for determining the user's health status. and the contribution of heat losses to total energy expenditure. The measurement of a single thermal parameter, according to US20100049004, determines the state of. user health, but not heat losses, of which radiation losses account for 60% of the total.

WO 2010084430, entitled "Determining energy expenditure of a user". With respect to this document, in addition to the above differences with respect to all the prior art matters, it is noteworthy that the present invention describes the monitoring of the level of physical activity based on the measurement of body displacement in three axes (anteroposterior). posterior, mid-lateral and vertical) and in the measurement of cardiac activity during all physical activities that produce or not body dislocation, such as resting and basal activities, whereas the system described in WO 2010084430 only makes measurements during physical activities that produce body dislocations. The present invention has greater application and effectiveness than the technique described in the document in question because the analysis performed is more comprehensive and complete, since the evaluation of energy expenditure monitoring is based on the correlation of five variables: body displacement, cardiac activity, amount of oxygen, temperature and amount of kilocalories ingested. In the case of the material described. By document WO ■ 201008 4 430, - the results are based on a single variable (acceleration) which does not guarantee an accurate calculation of total energy expenditure.

GB 2467514, entitled "Gait monitor for sensing vertical displacement", published 08/04/2010. With respect to this document, in addition to the above differences with respect to all the prior art matters, it can be noted that it differs from the present invention with respect to the analysis of acceleration measurements data by the Euler rotation matrix, the response which uses Kalman filter during walking activities and the evaluation of the center of mass rotation with gyro sensors for therapeutic uses. The present invention allows monitoring during the basal, resting and active states to different levels whereas the system described in GB 2467514 only makes measurements during active state, which is a major disadvantage. In the present invention. During rehabilitation processes the measurement of the three-axis displacement sensor near the center of mass allows the evaluation of the intensity of activity performed and the rotation of the center of mass is obtained by the rotation angles of each axis (anteroposterior, mid-lateral). and vertical), not only in the vertical component, but also for the evaluation of energy expenditure during the three states mentioned above, the system of the present invention crosses the information of five variables: body displacement, cardiac activity, oxygen quantity, temperature and amount of kilocalories ingested. The results obtained through the system described in GB. 2467514 are based on only two variables and, therefore, do not guarantee the accuracy of the total energy expenditure evaluations. With the two variables analyzed, through the monitoring result it is only possible to make evaluations based on the displacement of the center of mass,

... - - 5-

whereas in the present invention, the initial user assessment based on anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and personal data (gender and age) allow the calibration of the results of the energy expenditure assessment to be particularized.

- Document ÜS2008275348, entitled "Monitor device and use it", published 06/11/2008. With regard to this document, in addition to the above differences with respect to all the prior art matters, it can be noted that the method of analyzing acceleration measurement data which is based on the "Wavelet" frequency analysis is different from the present invention. the response that uses Kalman filter during the performed physical activities. The invention has the great advantage of physical activity level monitoring being based on body displacement measurement using an integrated three-axis accelerometer sensor (anteroposterior, mid-lateral and vertical) that allows to perform a single sensor calibration. This is not the case with device calibration described in US2008275348, which uses three single-axis sensors. In the present invention the integrated physical activity monitoring system performs the assessment during basal, resting and active states (different levels). The apparatus described in US2008275348 only makes measurements during an active state, which produces body dislocations (disadvantage). The present invention also integrates device into one or more devices being more comprehensive and complete than the document in question since the evaluation of energy expenditure monitoring is based on the correlation of five variables: body displacement, cardiac activity, oxygen content. , temperature and amount of kilocalories ingested. - Results based on a single variable (acceleration), as occurs on the device described in US2008275348, do not guarantee the accuracy of total energy expenditure assessments. - Document CA2616462, entitled "System and method for processing raw activity energy expenditure data", published on 06/27/2009. In connection with this document, in addition to the above differences with respect to all matters existing in the prior art, It should be noted that the system described in CA2616462 classifies physical activities based on displacement measurement using single axis accelerometer for walking and running activities.The present invention is more comprehensive and effective as it proposes an integrated system for monitoring the level of physical activity developed for outdoor and / or indoor activity (outdoor and / or indoor), not only for assessment during walking and running, and monitoring of physical activity level based on body displacement measurement using accelerometer sensor three axes (anteroposterior, mid-lateral and vertical) allowing for greater detail of actions of body displacements. The system described in CA2 6164 62 utilizes a single-axis (vertical) sensor, losing measurement accuracy during body displacement (disadvantage). In addition, the present invention performs physical activity intensity monitoring based on the correlation of four measurements: body displacement (on three axes), cardiac activity (number of beats per minute), maximum oxygen expenditure and body temperature on the user's skin. . In the system described in. In document CA2 6164 62, the results are based on a single variable (acceleration), which does not guarantee the accuracy of the total energy expenditure assessments. The present invention further has the advantage of having an integrated system that communicates the wireless sensor network (Bluetooth communication) with a central apparatus that transmits a packet of all data to a data center or to a defined recipient or to be processed. inside the device itself, whereas in the system described in document CA2616462 it only provides for communication with the computer.

- Document W02007110828, entitled "Measurement of energy expenditure", published 04/10/2007. In relation to this document, in addition to the above differences in relation to all existing materials in the state of the art, it can be emphasized that the monitoring of energy expenditure described in document W02007110828 is based on the measurement of CO2 (carbon dioxide) production by means of a vest composed of piezo-resistive material and specialized textile material for use over long periods of time. Among the advantages of the present invention in relation to said document can be highlighted the fact that the sensors of the system of the present invention are non-invasive and allow the. ._free travel, plus — are comfortable, easy to install, and inexpensive. The method under consideration, on the other hand, uses a vest that can be uncomfortable, especially for long-term monitoring, and for everyday wear, even due to the wearer's own body sweat. The present invention allows to know the temperature measurements of the environment and the altitude at which the system user is to calculate the energy expenditure (which varies by external conditions), for example at a high temperature (32 ° C) and At an altitude of 2000 m above sea level, the human body will decrease CO2 production due to the lack of oxygen in the environment and the estimated energy expenditure will decrease due to these external conditions. In document system W0200711Ò828 the measurement of these external parameters is not analyzed for result correction. In the present invention the monitoring of the intensity of the physical activity performed is based on the correlation of four measurements: body displacement (in three axes), cardiac activity (number of beats per minute), maximum oxygen expenditure and body temperature on the user's skin. In the system described in document W02007110828 the results are based on only one variable (CO2 production), which does not guarantee the accuracy of the total energy expenditure evaluations.

US2007238 938, entitled xxActivity-induced energy expenditure estimating instrument ", published 11/10/2007.

For the above differences with respect to all prior art materials, it can be noted that US2007238938 describes a type.balance instrument (useful in the indoor laboratory environment). In the present document, the assessment of energy expenditure is based on indirect measures of body composition (amount, fat, amount of lean mass and amount of water) whereas in the present invention the monitoring system is developed for free environment and / or laboratory because the sensor network and communication system are non-invasive, allow free movement and are comfortable to use and easy to install. In US200723898, the device is not able to continuously evaluate energy expenditure in free activities and needs indirect measurements of body composition during the user's previous evaluation phase, being necessary for the calculation of basal energy expenditure, this during evaluation time (1 minute) and during the monitoring process (which takes place manually (not automatically)) In the present invention the information of the evaluation results in the integrated system is processed, stored and transmitted to a data center.

available to doctors and / du *. any; prof is-slQnaaj

gives area% áúd <sj. Another disadvantage of the device described in US2007238938 is that the evaluation result information is written manually and at the time of a new evaluation, the previous evaluation is deleted. In the present invention, on the other hand, the system integrates device into one or more devices such as the one analyzed, being more comprehensive and complete since the evaluation of energy expenditure monitoring is based on the correlation of "five-variables: - displacement = body. , heart activity, amount of oxygen, temperature and amount of kilocalories ingested. In short, the main disadvantages of the device described in US2007238938 are that results based on body composition are only useful for the moment of assessment and not for continuous monitoring processes. under free environment conditions.

- EP 1559372, entitled "Body activity monitor", published on 08/03/2005. With regard to this document, in addition to the above differences with respect to all the prior art matters, it can be noted that EP 1559372 describes a device solely developed for the application of assessment of body physical activity. In the present invention the monitoring of energy expenditure based on the level of physical activity is performed by measuring the body displacement in three axes (Anteroposterior, mediolateral and vertical) and measuring cardiac activity during all physical activities that produce the activity. not body dislocation such as resting or basal activities. The system described in EP 1559372 makes measurements of cardiac activity and body displacement only of the vertical axis (disadvantage). Furthermore, in the present invention the data analysis method starts with the calibration of the integrated system based on the user's personal data and anthropometric measurements and uses the correlation of the five variables (body displacement, cardiac activity, oxygen amount, temperature and amount of blood). kilocalories) to assess energy expenditure during different "activities" that produce, body displacement or not. The device described in the document in question _ crosses the user's personal information with body displacement measurements to assess sensitivity and

for the assessment of the level of physical activity, - -> -----—--—— j

ι ι

Correlating two variables: heart rate and vertical displacement of the body, whereas in the present invention the monitoring of energy balance is based on the amount and type of food consumed by the user, converted to kilocalories, and comparing the energy expenditure evaluated with the above parameters (advantage). In the apparatus described in EP 1559372 the user records the amount of kilocalories he has ingested (but the user in most records only knows the food and the amount he eats and not its conversion to kilocalories) and compares it with the energy expenditure assessed with only two parameters. Moreover, the present invention has the advantage of communicating the sensors with a mobile device with Bluetooth technology which allows wide coverage of the transmission and reception of information. The device stores in its internal memory and allows it to download information over the wire to a computer not designed for use in the open environment.

- Document US2005004436, entitled "Method and Device for Weight Management of Humans", published 06/01/2005. In relation to this document, in addition to the above differences

With respect to all prior art matters, it can be noted that US2005004436 describes a clock type apparatus. While in the present invention information from the results of evaluations in the integrated system is "" processed, stored and transmitted to a data center which makes them available to doctors at any time. In the instrument described in US2005004436 the evaluation results information is written manually and at the time of a new evaluation the previous evaluation is deleted.

- Document US6581595, entitled "Positive airway pressure device with indirect calorimetry system", published 24/06/2003. In relation to this document, in addition to the above differences in all matters

In the state of the art, it can be emphasized that in the device and method described in US6581595, the measurement of energy expenditure is obtained by applying positive pressure to the respiratory tract of the user through indirect calorimetry and only for resting situations. While the present invention is intended for use in the free and / or laboratory environment, the device described in that document is useful only in the laboratory. The method used in the present invention is non-invasive, allows free movement, is convenient, easy to install and economical. The device described in US6581595 is not comfortable as it does not require closure or nasal closure mask, it is also very expensive and requires trained personnel to perform the measurement.

It is noteworthy that the differences between the above documents and the present invention are additional to the general differences between the prior art documents and the system of the present invention, such general differences will now be explained. ~ "* = ~ - ■ - - - - _ _

No system existing or described in prior art documents is able to quantify and integrate all aspects of human energy expenditure under free environment conditions, this is one of the major technical advantages of the present invention consisting of a system with complementary methods, new and improved tools for assessing individual behavioral patterns to predict the impact of environmental change on human performance. In addition, a system was developed that evaluates the different information that each physiological variable provides in a single device.

Several systems and models that measure, monitor, visualize and transmit the calculated assessment of human energy expenditure under different physical activity conditions based on similar physiological variables already exist in the State of the Art. The main advantage of the system in the present invention over that which differentiates it from all prior art documents is the proposal for a correlation of body temperature and environmental measurements for the assessment of heat loss by radiation, important information for energy balance and for studies of the influence of physiological changes caused by global warming; Another important advantage (and difference from the state of the art) is the method of acquisition, recording and processing of heart rate and variability, body displacement and temperature measurements through the Bluetooth sensor network, and the recording of food intake. by means of a mobile phone programmed in open source. These measures of physiological parameters can help in several cases, such as diagnosis and prevention of stroke, weight control, obesity, malnutrition, among others. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The system, object of the present invention relates to a set of sensors and computer programs that aims to measure, monitor and transmit the assessment of human energy expenditure in a free environment through a mobile telephone device providing applications for direct use by the user. measurements of each physiological variable and its history.

It is also possible for a user to share the desired content of his measurements of physiological variables with others responsible for the medical care diagnosis quickly, simply and in any area of the cellular network coverage.

This system aims to stimulate self-monitoring of energy expenditure while increasing the amount of services offered by each mobile service operator. In addition, it provides greater savings to the user as it avoids scheduling numerous tests in energy expenditure control laboratories, which can be done in any environment without disrupting your routine.

Through a questionnaire, the system processes the

weight, age, gender, height, lifestyle (sedentary, active, athlete) and physical fitness. Through a programming application, the amount of kilocalories eaten during meals is processed. The physiological parameters are measured through the motion sensor network (three-axis accelerometer - anterior-posterior, mid-lateral and vertical). , "heart rate - (number of beats and variability), global positioning system (GPS), and body temperature (thermometer). Through various models and algorithms, the system calculates daily, weekly, and monthly energy expenditure, In addition to the level and intensity of physical activity, energy balance, meal classification, and maximal oxygen uptake rates, the hardware (cellular) system stores information and measurements, displays results, and generates historical evaluation by correlation. Through the data network the system transmits the information to a local or remote central server for Connectivity is guaranteed for the user by using one of three connection possibilities: GSM network for sending SMS, internet network using standard HTTP files in WEB services or wired connection to the computer connected to the network. Data Network.

To achieve the technical advantage of a unique system capable of quantifying all aspects of human energy expenditure under free environment conditions, it was necessary to develop the present invention, a system that inserts complementary methods, new and better behavioral pattern assessment tools. predict the impact of environmental changes on human performance. The present invention evaluates the different information that each physiological variable provides in a single apparatus. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 is a block diagram depicting the operation of the system of the invention. ~ _ ™

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the location of sensors and equipment.

Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the location of the elastic band in which the heart rate and temperature sensors are inserted.

Figure 4 is a representation of the displacement axes used by the accelerometer for displacement and posture measurement.

Figure 5 is a graphical representation of the joint assessment of heart rate, body temperature and environmental temperature.

Figure 6 is a graphical representation of the interface between energy expenditure results obtained from a continuous heartbeat record.

Figure 7 is a graphical representation of the variability analysis criteria used for stroke prevention.

Figure 8 is a graphical representation in the form of

Histogram showing the variability of a normal person in active, resting and basal states.

Figure 9 is a graphical representation of cardiac variability analysis for heart attack prevention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Human energy expenditure is influenced by three components: basal metabolic rate, energy expenditure on physical exercise, and energy expended by the thermal effect of food. Basal metabolic rate depends mainly on factors such as age, gender, body mass, ambient temperature, and heart rate. The thermogenesis of foods is mainly due to the body's processes of digestion, absorption and assimilation of nutrients. The energy spent during physical activity depends especially on its frequency, intensity and duration.

The invention relates to a medical monitoring system, in particular an assessment of human energy expenditure based on five physiological variables monitored by a mobile telephone: body displacement (measured by 3-axis accelerometer), cardiac activity (measured by heart rate sensor), body temperature (measured by temperature sensor), external temperature (recorded from GPS) and amount of kilocalories ingested (obtained by converting the type and amount of food entered manually or by voice command into the device). of mobile telephony). Another variable, the amount of oxygen is calculated indirectly by the heart rate sensor. Accordingly, the system of the present invention comprises a 3-axis accelerometer, a heart rate sensor (5), an oximeter, a temperature sensor (6), global positioning sensor and computer programs to monitor, integrate measurements. physiological variables and transmit the evaluation of human energy expenditure through a mobile telephone device (2), providing applications for direct use by the user of the measurements of each variable.

This makes it possible for a user to share the desired content of his measurements of physiological variables with other responsible persons, such as a medical team, quickly, simply, and in any network coverage area. of mobile phone.

This system aims to stimulate self-monitoring of energy expenditure while increasing the amount of services offered by each mobile service operator. In addition, it provides greater savings to the user as it avoids scheduling numerous tests in energy expenditure control laboratories, which can be done in any environment without disrupting your routine.

The system allows to offer information to different users. like. doctors and researchers to monitor different signals to prevent diseases (such as obesity and cardiovascular disease) and to monitor patients' rehabilitation processes even in remote locations, requiring only a telephone set mobile programmed in open source.

The present invention allows the correlation of measurements

of body temperature and the environment for the evaluation of heat loss by radiation, important information for energy balance and for studies of the influence of physiological changes caused by global warming. Another advantage is the method of acquisition and recording of heart rate and variability, displacement and body temperature measurements through the Bluetooth sensor network and the recording of food ingested through a mobile phone programmed in open source.

One of the possible uses of the present invention is for the diagnosis and prevention of diseases such as stroke prevention, weight control, obesity, malnutrition among others. The present system through a questionnaire processes

weight, age, gender, height, lifestyle (sedentary, active, athlete) and physical fitness. A programming application processes the amount of kilocalories ingested during meals. Measurements of physiological parameters through motion sensor network (three-axis accelerometer - anteroposterior, mid-lateral and vertical), heart rate (number of beats and variability), global positioning system (GPS) and temperature (thermometer) are performed by the system. Using various models and algorithms, the system calculates daily, weekly and monthly energy expenditure, as well as the level and intensity of physical activity, energy balance, meal classification and maximum oxygen consumption rates. Through the hardware (cellular device), the system acquires, stores and processes the information and measurements, displays the results and generates history of evaluations through the correlation of variables. Through the data network the system transmits the information to a local or remote central server for preventive health management.

Importantly, the handset stores the information obtained and then transmits it via Bluetooth technology, USB port, network

from .internet — and __mail. or electronic mail __

short or torpedo (SMS).

To achieve the technical advantage of a unique system capable of quantifying human energy expenditure under

environment, the development of

í

present invention, a system that inserts complementary methods, new and better tools for assessing individual behavioral patterns that allow to predict the impact of environmental changes on human performance. The present invention evaluates the different information that each physiological variable provides in a single apparatus.

The human monitoring system, object of this application, lists different models and forms of data processing: Mathematical Model The mathematical model for the quantification of expenditure ι, 21/30

Total energetic part of the so-called preliminary assessment, because it is the first application of the mathematical model to calculate from personal data and anthropometric measurements, body mass index, body surface area and basal metabolic rate. After preliminary assessment, the energy expenditure quantification model based on individual measurements of heart rate, triaxial acceleration, thermal effect of food, oxygen consumption and temperature is applied. Finally, the correlation between the measurements to determine the weight of each variable and its range on the quantification of energy expenditure by active state is applied.

Preliminary Assessment: With the measurement and registration of the subject's personal data, the preliminary assessment calculates the following information: Body Mass Index (BMI) according to height and weight data according to Heyward's model (1996) ; Body Surface Area (ASC) is calculated from the height and weight values by the varied model of DuBois and DuBois (1916) according to Wang et al (1992); Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) according to the values of age, height and weight. The measurement is based on measurements taken at rest at room temperature of 20 ° C and expressed as calories per kilogram body weight, calculated by the model of Mifflin et al (1990). Energy expenditure quantification: The mathematical model for energy expenditure calculation is based on individual measurements of heart rate, triaxial acceleration, thermal effect of food, oxygen consumption and radiation loss. The statistical results obtained from the data recorded through the sensors determine the factors that have significance in the correlation between each physiological variable and the energy expenditure, including scatter plots. For univariate analysis the mean and standard deviation are calculated. For multivariate analysis, the correlation coefficients are defined. Where total energy expenditure is the sum of expenditure during sleep, expenditure during rest, expenditure during physical activity, thermal effect of food, and losses by body radiation. The model analyzes the factors of gender, age, height, weight and oxygen consumption of the sample to determine the behavior of each factor with respect to expenditure. Finally, regression equation analysis is performed for cross-validation of results.

Materials - ■ · - · - · - · - ·

For the statistical processing of the data it was

Matlab® R2008 was used for heart rate acquisition and variability the Zenith HxM sensor (Zephyr Technology Corporation, USA); to collect body temperature data the IR20b Ear thermometer (Fora Care Inc, USA); for physical activity tests the electric treadmill, Lifefitness model Flexdeck (USA); For body movements, the accelerometer of the mobile device Samsung 15000 ref. BMA220 (Bosch, USA) calibrated at different sensitivity levels (± 2g / 4g / 8g / 16g), and for oxygen saturation, the pulse oximeter (NatureSpirit, USA).

System Technical Information

As shown in figure 1, it was necessary to build a data network to monitor energy expenditure in an open environment to offer services that allow the use of measures acquired from each user to physicians of different specialties: cardiologists, nutritionists, therapists, among others. To better demonstrate this data network, a block diagram was described, as shown in Figure 1, which describes an FC / HRV (1), body temperature (la), acceleration (Ib), amount of kilocalories (Ic), oxygen saturation. (Id), mobile handset (2), balance service (3), physical activity service (3a), energy expenditure service (3b), health management service (3c), stroke prevention (4), obesity prevention (4a) and rehabilitation monitoring (4b).

The process begins with the installation of the sensor network. without wire, are two sensors. .external. to the handset and one inside it. The external sensors are: heart rate and body temperature monitor. The acceleration sensor is inside the handset. All external sensors transmit their signals via Bluetooth technology to the handset, the handset is programmed to create a file of each received signal. In addition, the external temperature is acquired through the GPS system programmed in the handset. In preprocessing the data is filtered and synchronized with a start bit that will depend on the last sensor detected. The accelerometer signal is activated as the last sensor, chosen because it is configured within the same handset.

With the data from each sensor recorded in the mobile phone, an individual process of analysis of each physiological variable is created to determine a weight value within the energy expenditure evaluation model. The next step is multivariate analysis processing to define correlation coefficients and cross-validation of all logged information, detected and indirectly generated signals.

Figure 2 is the physical arrangement of sensors in the patient's body. The cardiac monitor sensor (5) is installed via an adjustable elastic strap (10) directly on the user's chest. The temperature sensor (6) can be installed on the same tape as the heart rate monitor sensor (5), near the arm or on the belt near the mobile telephone device (3). The monitoring system user must manually enter (7) or by voice commands the type of

food- and ingested quantity so that it can be stored at -----

conversion to kilocalories.

In the mobile telephone the information recorded, detected and indirectly generated is transmitted by the mobile network 3G (8) general packet radio service (GPRS) over the long distance or by the Bluetooth technology (9) for the short distances.

The development of a data network architecture for monitoring energy expenditure in the open environment was designed to provide telemedicine services that allow the use of measurements acquired from each user to physicians of different specialties, cardiologists, nutritionists, therapists, among others. . This new service-oriented architecture (AOS) allows the medical service to offer two modes of interconnection, one through the GSM cellular mobile network and the other through the WEB. Ensuring accessibility and availability of the data network and offering the user to transmit their information through three communication channels: wired through the USB port of the mobile device to the computer, wirelessly through the Bluetooth port to the computer, with access to the internet and sending to electronic mail or IP address (internet protocol) programmed or with access on the GSM network and sending short messages or text messages (SMS). To achieve interoperability on different platforms the program is developed in open source. User and healthcare requirements change to installable products on any platform, assessing the analysis, definition, application, and security steps of each service.

Operation - of— Energy Expenditure Monitoring System

- Data Logging and Initiation of Measurement System

The integrated daily energy expenditure monitoring system requires the recording of each user's data and the initialization of the sensor network for the evaluation and prediction of energy expenditure.

The system starts with the registration of personal data in the handset and data center. With the personal identification number (NIP), date and data type (heart rate, temperatures, displacement, and the amount and type of food) are used to send information packets to the predefined recipient (data monitoring center). or doctor). The form developed for this record requests the following information: name, PIN, age, gender, weight and height. By recording this data, the model returns the initial evaluation of the following information: Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Surface Area (ASC) and Basal Metabolic Rate (TMB) - Sensor Installation

Each day the person must place the heart rate and body temperature sensors, located on the same elastic tape, as shown in Figure 3. The body displacement sensor is inside the mobile phone that the user carries on a daily basis. , and stay connected.

- Body Displacement Measures

To check body displacement measurements, there is an accelerometer on the mobile device that measures body displacement. in three axes: anteroposterior, mid-lateral and vertical. Figure 4 represents the three displacement axes measured by the accelerometer. This measure is used to assess the level of physical activity.

- Heart Rate Measurements

Heartbeat records are stored,

..... sent and reviewed every five minutes for the

quantification of energy expenditure. Figure 5 shows a one hour record, segmented every 5 minutes, where (A) represents heart rate, (B) body temperature and (C) environmental temperature.

The interface with energy expenditure results obtained from a continuous heart rate record is shown in Figure 6 where (D) represents bpm, (E) represents body temperature at 0C and (F) represents ambient temperature in ° C. Energy Expenditure Monitoring System Applications - Stroke Prevention

The first application of the model is the analysis of cardiac variability and acceleration data to provide the stroke prevention service.

Stroke is associated with changes in cardiac autonomic balance, triggering the increase in blood pressure and the incidence of arrhythmias. Monitoring and statistical analysis of the variability between two R-R waves provides useful information to predict possible stroke. That is, when the number (η) of the differences (δ) increases between two R-R intervals

consecutive (ti, ti + i) less than 50. ms_increases. The

probability of an elderly sedentary subject having a stroke, as shown in Figure 7.

Cardiac records are collected during dream states (basal), light activities (rest) and moderate activities (active) at different times of the day. But during the rest they are collected in the pre and post prandial of fasting and lunch. The data analysis separates δ differences distributed in the following intervals in ms: [0, 50], (50, 80], (80, 120], (120, 140] and (140, 160], classifying the total data of the Thus, a distribution histogram is performed and the probability of occurrence calculated, which allows the correlation of time intervals for each activity state to be calculated.

Figure 8 shows the variability histogram of a normal person during active (G), resting (H), and basal (I) monitoring, measurements needed to determine cardiac behavior over time.

Figure 9 shows a cardiac variability analysis of a sedentary person who was monitored before and after the lunch meal. The results show that increasing δ in the interval [0, 50] ms for an elderly sedentary user, who usually has variability> 120 ms, increases the risk of having a stroke, showing a higher incidence in the postprandial morning. The sedentary and elderly person who has low variability (δ> 120 ms), but who exhibits significant (δ> [0, 50]) and continuous changes in time, has a sign of stroke risk, as in the case of significant changes. that happened — during — the first — hour after —prandial — of fasting. Food intake was one of the most common causes of increased variability in healthy subjects, manifesting min after meal greater than 1,000 calories as a possible adaptive response of the autonomic nervous system to changes in blood circulation in digestion processes. Figure 8 shows the histogram of this elderly and sedentary person in the pre and postprandial states. - Obesity Prevention

If the patient wants to know the amount of kilocalories consumed and / or ingested during the day on the mobile device screen, he / she will have the following information: total kilocalories during the day's journey.

If the patient wants to know the amount of kilocalories consumed during a specific activity, such as walking or running, the device's display may also have this value. If the patient and / or user wants to know the behavior of their cardiac variability over a period of time, they can check their calorie expenditure and the current time with their histogram displayed on their mobile phone.

With this application each person can control the amount of kilocalories they should ingest and the amount of kilocalories they lose during the day, to have an energy balance ratio and to prevent or control weight.

- 24 hour monitoring of elderly people

Another application of this monitoring system is focused on the target population of the elderly. This population is highly vulnerable to heart disease, commuting accidents, isolation from rehabilitation centers, etc. For this, the system can be programmed automatically ..for communication between the sensors and the mobile phone, and between the mobile phone and the data center. Each of the transmitted signals allows to analyze an active state of the person (if it is doing physical activity or not), cardiac state, level of nutrition, body thermal state, among others. Initial data from the "assessment" are collected via computer, directly at the person's home.

If you need to move to a different location than your home, the tracking system allows you to record the entire detailed route through the Global Positioning System (GPS). With the information of latitude and global longitude, the application makes direct interface like Google-Earth® and allows to have the person's instantaneous route and / or location. In the case of older people with Alzheimer's disease, it ensures their geographical position over time. Although the preferred version of the invention has been illustrated and described, it should be understood that the invention is not limited. Various modifications, changes, variations, substitutions and equivalents may occur without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. Human energy expenditure monitoring system comprising a 3-axis accelerometer, a heart rate sensor (5), a temperature sensor (6), a global positioning sensor, computer programs and a telephone set. mobile (2). Monitoring system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the three-axis accelerometer measures detachment in the anteroposterior, midlateral and vertical axes. Monitoring system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the three-axis accelerometer is internally coupled to a mobile telephone device (2). Monitoring system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the - heart rate (5) and body temperature (6J) sensors are located outside a mobile telephone device (2). Monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heart rate sensor (5) is installed by means of an adjustable elastic strap (10). Monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature sensor (6) is installed by means of an adjustable elastic strap (10). Monitoring system according to claim 1. characterized by the fact that the oximeter is pulse. Monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile telephone device (2) is programmed in open source. Monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the form of recording of the food information ingested in the mobile telephone device takes place manually (7) or by voice command. Monitoring system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the mobile telephone device stores the information obtained and then transmits it through General Packet Radio Service Provider (8) (GPRS). Monitoring system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that. The ._mobile phone handset stores the information obtained and then transmits it via Bluetooth technology (9), USB port, internet network and sending to electronic mail or short messages or text messages (SMS). Monitoring system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that the measurement of physiological parameters takes place under ambient conditions. free. Monitoring system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that the radiation losses are measured by correlation between -measures of body temperature and the environment.