BRPI0904787A2 - aperfeiÇoamento em cabo para conduÇço de eletricidade - Google Patents

Abstract

APERFEIÇOAMENTO EM CABO PARA CONDUÇçO DE ELETRICIDADE, compreendendo um compósito formado por cabo de alumínio recoberto de nanotubos de carbono em sua superfície foi desenvolvido. A condutividade elétrica do cabo compósito foi aumentada de 165% quando comparada com o cabo de alumínio puro. Devido à natureza dos materiais utilizados, a condutividade do cabo não sofre alteração mesmo sob aquecimento, o que é importante para aplicação em dispositivos eletrônicos. A cobertura de nanotubos de carbono no alumínio foi realizada utilizando uma técnica chamada de deposição eletroforética. Nesta técnica, nanotubos de carbono tratados quimicamente com ácido são misturados com água e o pH acertado para 7,0 para gerar cargas elétricas nos nanotubos de carbono. O cabo de alumínio a ser recoberto é mergulhado em um recipiente metálico contendo a mistura de água e nanotubos de carbono, e um potencial elétrico é aplicado entre o cabo e o recipiente (carga positiva no cabo).

Description

APERFEigOAMENTO EM CABO PARA CONDUQAO DE ELETRICIDADE · Campo da Invengao·

Mais particularmente, a presente Invengao refere- se a um novo tipo de cabo para conciugao de eletricidade, ο qual e obtido utilizando-se um comp0sit〇 formado por uma alma de aluminio e uma cobertura de espessura nanometrica composta de nanotubos de carbono.

Estado da tecnica.

Nas IJltimas decadas, os nanotubos de carbono tern ID sido alvo de intensos estudos cientificos e tecnologicos devido as propriedades mecanicas e eletricas Unicas desse alotropo do carbono. Uma das formas na qual os - nanotubos podem ser utilizados e atraves da formagao de

um f ilme f ino em superficies metalicas, ο que pode conferir as estruturas metalicas parte de suas propriedades. A formagao destes filmes finos pode ser Feita atraves de um processo conhecido como deposigao eletroforetica (EPD), que consiste basicamente na deposigao dos nanotubos em suspensao liquida via aplicagao de um campo eletrico com baixa corrente.

Portanto, como j a foi dit〇, os nanotubos de carbono, de um modo geral, e alvo de dif erentes tecnologias ensinadas por iniimeros documentos, no Brasil e no exterior, alguns dos quais abaixo relacionados, onde ο nanotubos de carbono sao tratados e utilizados de diversas maneiras.

I Documentos Brasileiros Niimero Titulo PI0801851-0 Processo de fabricagao de nanotubos de nanotubos a partir de materias primas renovaveis PI0701190-3 Metodo de sintese de nanotubos de carbono utilizando esponj a de la de ago comercial como catalisador PI0701709-0 Processo para fabricag:ao de comp0sito de nanotubos de carbono e feltro de carbono e comp0sito de nanotubos de carbono e feltro de carbono PI0601751-7 Comp6sito de colageno e nanotubos de carbono e seu processo de obtengao PI0404984-5 Dispositivos de mem0ria construidos de polimeros organicos e nanotubos de carbono PI0409874-9 Composito polimerico de nanotubos, material c〇mp0sito ceramico, eletrodo de celula de corabustivel, material de emissao de campo, dispositivo de emissao de campο, e, composito ceramico de nanotubos de carbono PI0408535-3 Nanoestruturas de carbono e processo para a produgao de nanotubos, nanofibras e nanoestruturas a base de carbono PI0311890-8 Metodo para preparar um comp0sito carregado com nanotubos de carbono, composito carregado com nanotubos de carbono, e, metodo para formar ο mesmo PI0117088-0 Processo para a preparagao de nanotubos de carbono PI0011106-6 Metodo para produzir nanotubos de carbono, metodo para determinar a composigao de catalisador para otimizar a produgao de nanotubos de carbono de parede iinica, particula catalitica metalica, metodo para otimizar condigoes de reagao em um metodo para produzir nanotubos de carbono de parede unica, e , particula catalitica para produzir nanotubos de carbono Documentos USA. If611,906 Functionalized carbon nanotubes If 611,740 Methods for measuring growth rates of carbon nanotubes 7,611,687 Weldinq of carbon sinqle—walled nanotubes by microwave treatment 7,611,651 Method for manufacturing carbon nanotubes with uniform length It 611,394 Method of manufacturinq electron—emitting element usinq catalyst to grow carbon fibers between opposite electrodes 7, 610,797 Carbon nanotube detection system 7, 608, 974 Diamond-like carbon devices and methods for the use and manufacture thereof It 608,883 Transistor for non volatile memory devices having a carbon nanotube channel and electrically floating quantum dots in its gate dielectric 7,608,824 Doped carbon nanostructure field emitter arrays for infrared imaging If 608,556 Carbon nanotubes as catalysts in redox reactions It 608,331 Cladophora-form carbon comprising carbon nanomaterials radially qrown on a spherical core, process for producing" the same and production apparatus 7,604,790 Method of removing carbonaceous impurities in carbon nanotubes 7,601,650 Carbon nanotube device and process for manufacturing same 7,601,421 Fabrication of carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy polymer composites usinq functionalized carbon nanotubes 7,601,322 Method for making field-effect transistor usinq carbon nanotube

AaPrc 3/49 ^Fls. Vs

7,601,321 Laser pyrolysis method for producing carbon nano-spheres 7,601,205 Carbon nanotubes as low voltage field emission sources for particle precipitators Method of assembling carbon nanotube reinforced solder caps 7,598,544 Hybrid carbon nanotude FET(CNFET)-FET static RAM (SRAM) and method of making same 7,597,941 Tubular carbon nano/micro structures and method of making same 7,597,869 Method for producing carbon nanotubes 7,597,867 Method of carbon nanotube modification 7,596,415 Medical devices incorporating carbon nanotube material and methods of fabricating^same 7,593,004 Touchscreen with conductive layer comprising carbon nanotubes 7,592,050 Method for forming carbon nanotube thin film 7,591,989 Method and apparatus for producing single-wall carbon nanotubes 7,591,915 Metal material and method of producing the same, and carbon fiber-metal composite material and method of producing the same 7,588,941 Dispersion of carbon nanotubes by nucleic acids 7,588,746 Process and apparatus for hydroqen and carbon production via carbon aerosol-catalyzed dissociation of hydrocarbons 7,587,985 Method and apparatus for producing fine carbon particles 7,586,098 Ion stripper device made of carbon nanotubes or fullerenes 7,585,770 Method of qrowinq carbon nanotubes and method of manufacturing field emission device having the same 7,585,584 Carbon nanotubes for fuel cells, method for manufacturing the same, and fuel cell using the same 7,585,484 Apparatus and method for synthesizing carbon nanotubes 7,585,483 Method for the production of particulate carbon products 7,585,482 Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes 7,585,420 Carbon nanotube substrates and catalyzed hot stamp for polishing and patterning the substrates 7, 585, 199 Field emission devices using ion bombarded carbon nanotubes 7,582,892 Optically controlled switching methods based upon the polarization of electromagnetic radiation incident upon carbon nanotubes and electrical—switch systems using such switch devices 7,582,507 Catalyst support substrate, method for qrowinq carbon nanotubes using the same, and the transistor using carbon nanotubes 7,582,274 Carbon nanostructure catalyst support 7,581,645 Method for manufacturing carbon nanotubes with desired length 7,579,764 Field emission electron source having carbon nanotube 7,579,618 Carbon nanotube resonator transistor and method of making same 7,579,272

4/49

Methods of forming low-k dielectric layers containing

carbon nanostructures

7,578,980

Producing apparatus and producing method for

manufacturing carbon structure

7,578,941

Length-based liquid—liquid extraction of carbon nanotubes

using a phase transfer catalyst

7,575,733

Plasma-treated carbon fibrils and method of making same

7,572,482

Photo-patterned carbon electronics

7,572,427

Catalyst supports and carbon nanotubes produced thereon

7,572,426

Selective functional!zation of carbon nanotubes

7,572,413

Apparatus for manufacturing carbon nanotubes

7,572,165

Method for making a carbon nanotube-based field emission

cathode device including layer of conductive grease

7,569,839

Method for classification of carbon nanotubes and other

materials

7,569,637

Carbon nanotube reinforced polymer and process for

preparing the same

7,569,425

Method for manufacturing thermal interface material with

carbon nanotubes

7,569,203

Production and uses of carbon suboxides

7,566,478

Methods of making carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics,

ribbons, elements and articles

7,566,434

Spheroidal aggregates comprising single—wall carbon

nanotubes and method for making the same

7,564,549

Carbon nanotube nanometrology system

7,564,246

Pressure sensor using field emission of carbon nano-tube

7,563,711

Method of forming a carbon nanotube-based contact to

semiconductor

7,563,502

Fine carbon fiber-metal composite material and method for

production thereof

7,563,428

Method of making carbon nanotubes

7,563,427

Continuous mass production of carbon nanotubes in a nano-

agglomerate fIuidized-bed and the reactor

7,563,426

Method and apparatus for preparing a collection surface

for use in producing carbon nanostructures

7,563,411

Devices for manufacturing carbon nanotube arrays

7,560,136

Methods of using thin metal layers to make carbon

nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and

articles

7,559,253

Method for measuring bonding force between substrate and

carbon nanotube array formed thereon

7,556,789

Low temperature synthesis of carbon nanotubes

7,556,788

Process for preparing boron carbon nanorods

7,553,681

Carbon nanotube-based stress sensor

7,553,471

Method of manufacturing hydrophilic carbon nanotubes

7,553,341

High power density supercapacitors with carbon nanotube electrodes

7,551,967

Implantable medical leads and devices having carbon nanotube-based anti—electrostatic coatings and methods for making such leads and devices

7,550,907

Field emission element with carbon nanotube yarn 7,550,611 7,550,543

7,550,130

7,550,128

7,547,907

7,547,358

7,545,030

7,544,546

7,543,482

7,538,062

7,538,040

7,537,786

7,537,695

7,537,682

7,535,462

7,535,016

7,535,014

7,534,944

7,531,267

7, 531,158

7, 531,157

7,531,156

7,531,114

7,529,633

7,528,538

7,528,437

7,527,988

5/49

%

Carbon nanochips as catalyst supports for metals and metal oxides

Polymer-based composites comprising carbon nanotubes as a filler, method for producing said composites, and associated uses

Method for producing vapor-grown carbon fibers having 3-D linkage structure

Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanostructures

Non-blocking switch having carbon nanostructures and

Mach-Zehnder interferometer

System and method for diamond deposition using a liquid-

solvent carbon-transfer mechanism

Article having metal impregnated within carbon nanotube

array

Formation of carbon and semiconductor nanomaterials using molecular assemblies

Carbon thin line probe

Substrate-enhanced electroless deposition (SEED) of metal

nanopartides on carbon nanotubes

Techniques for precision pattern transfer of carbon

nanotubes from photo mask to wafers

Complex of drug-carbon nanohorn and a process for prociucing the complex

/Jater filter incorporating activated carbon particles

with surface-grown carbon nanofilaments

Methods for purifying carbon materials

Touchscreen with one carbon nanotube conductive layer

Vertical carbon nanotube transistor integration

Integrally gated carbon nanotube field ionizer device and method of manufacture therefor

Carbon nanotube functionalized with osmium clusters and

process for preparing same

Process for preparing carbon nanotube electrode comprising sulfur or metal nanoparticles as a binder

Vapor phase synthesis of double-walled carbon nanotubes

Soluble carbon nanotubes

Method and device for synthesizing high orientationally arranged carbon nano—tube by using organic liquid

Composition in gel form comprising carbon nanotube and ionic liquid and method for production thereof

Application of carbon nanotube hold-off voltage for determining gas composition

Fiber containing carbon, substrate and electron emission

device using fiber containing carbon, electron source

using the electron emission device, display panel using

the electron source, and information displaying/playing

apparatus using the display panel, and a method of

manufacturing thereof

EEPROMS using carbon nanotubes for cell storage

Triode structure field emission display device using

carbon nanotubes and method of fabricating the same

Functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes .、产％

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7,527,779 Vapor grown carbon fiber, and production method ant? ^Se"' thereof 7,527,751 Method of makinq an electroactive sensinq/actuatinq material for carbon nanotube polymer composite 7,521,275 Free-standing electrostatically-doped carbon nanotube device and method for making same 7,518,045 Method of preparing carbon nanocages 7,517,587 Macromolecules auto-assembled and photopolymerised around carbon nanotubes, a method for production and application thereof 7,517,558 Methods for positioning carbon nanotubes 7,514,214 Selective functionalization of carbon nanotube tips allowing fabrication of new classes of nanoscale sensinq and manipulation tools 7,514,116 Horizontal Carbon Nanotubes by Vertical Growth and Rolling 7,514,063 Method for the purification of semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes 7,511,206 Carbon nanotubes and method of manufacturinq same, electron emission source, and display 7,508,039 Carbon nanotube (CNT) multiplexers, circuits, and actuators 7,507,472 Multilayer electroactive polymer composite material comprising carbon nanotubes 7,505,250 Carbon-porous media composite electrode and preparation method thereof 7,504,711 Semiconductor substrate with strip conductors formed of carbon nanotubes and production thereof 7,504,570 Method of manufacturing carbon nanotubes 7,504,152 Carbon nanotrees formed by flash CVD method 7,504,132 Selective jDlacement of carbon nanotubes on oxide surfaces 7,504,078 Continuous production of aligned carbon nanotubes 7,501,650 P-type semiconductor carbon nanotube using halogen element and fullerene or alkali element 7,501,146 Carbon nanotube emitter and its fabrication method and field emission device (FED) using the carbon nanotube emitter and its fabrication method 7,501,108 Method for the preparation of stable suspensions and powders of single carbon nanotubes 7,501,050 Method of makinq metal-coated carbon surfaces for use in fuel cells 7,498,423 Carbon nanotube-nucleic acid complexes 7,498,013 Plasma-treated carbon fibrils and method of makinq same 7,495,215 Probe for a scanning magnetic force microscope, method for producing the same, and method for forminq ferromagnetic alloy film on carbon nanotubes 7,494,639 Purification of carbon nanotubes based on the chemistry of fenton's reagent 7,494,638 Form of carbon 7,492,088 Method of forming carbon nanotubes, field emission display device having carbon nanotubes formed through the method, and method of manufacturing field emission 7/49 ^ Fls_ Λ Rub:

display device 7,492,046 Electric fuses using CNTs (carbon nanotubes) 7,491,428 Controlled deposition and alignment of carbon nanotubes 7,488,876 Method for selectively separating semiconductive carbon nanotubes 7,488,875 Process for purifying carbon nanotubes made on refractory oxide supports 7,488,508 Asypnetric end—functionalization of carbon nanotubes 7,488,455 Apparatus for the production of carbon nanotubes 7,485,678 Process for producing carbon nanotube reinforced composite material 7,485,600 Catalyst for synthesis of carbon single-walled nanotubes 7,483,285 Memory devices using carbon nanotube (CNT) technologies 7,483,112 Carbon nano tube technology in liquid crystal on silicon micro-display 7,482,653 Non-volatile memory with carbon nanotubes 7,482,652 Multiwalled carbon nanotube memory device 7,481,990 Methods for osmylatinq and ruthenylatinq sincjle—walled carbon nanotubes 7,481,267 Anisotropic thermal and electrical applications of composites of ceramics and carbon nanotubes 7,479,325 Isotope-doped carbon nanotube 7,479,052 Method of growing carbon nanotubes and method of manufacturing field emission device using the same 7,476,967 Composite carbon nanotube thermal interface device 7,474,602 Data storage device comprising write head with carbon element 7,473,873 Apparatus and methods for synthesis of large size batches of carbon nanostructures 7,473,651 Method of manufacturing carbon nanotube semiconductor device 7,473,633 Method for making integrated circuit chip having carbon nanotube composite interconnection vias 7,473,466 Filamentous carbon particles for cleaninq oil spills and method of production 7,473,436 Functionalization of carbon nanotubes 7,473,411 Carbon nanotube foam and method of making and using thereof 7,473,154 Method for manufacturing carbon nanotube field emission display 7,473,153 Process for fabricating a field emitter electrode with carbon nanotubes 7f 470, 418 Ultra-fine fibrous carbon and preparation method thereof 7,470,417 Ozonation of carbon nanotubes in fluorocarbons 7,470,353 Method of manufacturing field emitter electrode using self—assembling carbon nanotubes and field emitter electrode manufactured thereby 7,468,271 Molecular characterization with carbon nanotube control 7,468,097 Method and apparatus for hydrogen production from greenhouse gas saturated carbon nanotubes and synthesis of carbon nanostructures therefrom η Add Λ-7 O

Carbon nanotube and electron emission device

t W ^±\J\J t \J ! i.

the carbon nanotube

7,466,069

Carbon nanotube device fabrication

7,465,921

Structured carbon nanotube tray for MALDI plates

7,465,605

In—situ functionalization of carbon nanotubes

7,465,519

Lithium—ion battery incorporating carbon nanostructure materials

7,465,494

Density controlled carbon nanotube array electrodes

7,462,499

Carbon nanotube with ZnO asperities

7,462,498

Activation of carbon nanotubes for field emission

applications

7,459,312

Photodesorption in carbon nanotubes

7,459,138

Process and apparatus for producing single-walled carbon

nanotubes

7,459,137

Process for functionalizing carbon nanotubes under

solvent-free conditions

7,459,121

Method for continuous fabrication of carbon nanotube

networks or membrane materials

7,459,013

Chemical and particulate filters containing chemically

modified carbon nanotube structures

7,456,972

Surface plasmon induction in multiwalled carbon nanotube

arrays

7,456,482

Carbon nanotube-based electronic switch

7,456,310

Dispersant for dispersing carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube composition comprising the same

It 455,885

Selective area growth carbon nanotubes by metal imprint method

7,453,193

Electronic device containing a carbon nanotube

7,453,183

Rotational actuator of motor based on carbon nanotubes

7,453,154

Carbon nanotube via interconnect

7,452,828

Carbon nanotube device, method of manufacturing the same.

and carbon nanotube transfer body

7,452,759

Carbon nanotube field effect transistor and methods for

making same

It452,735

Carbon nanotube deposition with a stencil

7,452,528

Peptide-based carbon nanotube hair colorants and their use in hair colorant and cosmetic compositions

7,452,519

Sidewall functional!zation of single-wall carbon nanotubes through C-N bond forming substitutions of fluoronanotubes

7,452,452

Carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays

7,448,931

Method for manufacturing carbon nanotube field emission

device

7,448,441

Carbon nanotube heat-exchange systems

7,446,044

Carbon nanotube switches for memory, RF communications

and sensing applications, and methods of making the same

7,445,817

Plasma-assisted formation of carbon structures

7,442,414

Methods for producing reinforced carbon nanotubes

7,442,284

Coated carbon nanotube array electrodes

7,439,081

Method for making integrated circuit chip utilizing

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oriented carbon nanotube conductive layers 7 4 Q7 Π Carbon fiber composite material and method of producinq the same, carbon fiber-metal composite material and method of producing the same, and carbon fiber-nonmetal composite material and method of producinq the same 7, 438, 885 Synthesis of carbon nanotubes filled with palladium nanoparticles usinq arc ciischarqe in solution 7 4 ^ft (^99 Fabrication method of carbon-fiber web structure type field emitter electrode 7,437,938 Sensor with composite diaphragm containing carbon nanotubes or semiconducting nanowires 7,435,310 Method for surface imprinted films with carbon nanotubes 7,432,217 Method of achieving uniform length of carbon nanotubes (CNTS) and method of manufacturing field emission device (FED) using such CNTS 7,431,965 Continuous growth of sinqle-wall carbon nanotubes usinq chemical vapor deposition 7,429,371 Reversible oxidation of carbon nanotubes 7,428,402 Carbon nanotube composites for blade cleaning in electrophotographic marking systems 7f428,138 Forming carbon nanotube capacitors 7,427,541 Carbon nanotube energy well (CNEW) field effect transistor 7,426,848 Gas composition sensing using carbon nanotube arrays 7,422,667 Electrochemical deposition of carbon nanoparticles from organic solutions 7,419,650 Method for the production of functionalised short carbon nanotubes and functionalised short carbon nanotubes obtainable by said method 7,416,699 Carbon nanotube devices 7,416,019 Thermal interface and switch using carbon nanotube arrays 7,414,088 Polymers grafted to carbon nanotubes 7,413,907 Carbon nanotubes and their derivatives as matrix elements for the matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry of biomolecules and sequencing usinq associated fragmentation 7,413,723 Methods of oxidizing multiwalled carbon nanotubes 7,413,474 Composite coaxial cable employing carbon nanotubes therein 7,411,085 Carbon nanotube dispersion, production method of carbon nanotube structure and carbon nanotube structure 7,410,629 Method of preparation for carbon nanotube material 7,410,603 Carbon fiber-metal composite material and method of producing the same It 408,835 Optically readable molecular memory obtained usinq carbon nanotubes, and method for storing information in said molecular memory 7,407,640 Functionalized carbon nanotube-polymer composites and interactions with radiation 7,405,178 Catalysts for manufacturing carbon substances 7,402,264 Sensing/actuating materials made from carbon nanotube polymer composites and methods for makinq same 7 40? 1Q4 Carbon nanotubes as low voltage field emission sources for particle precipitators 7,399,400 Nanobiosensor and carbon nanotube thin film transistors 7 ^Qfi 7 QR Method for preparing catalyst supports and supported catalysts from single walled carbon nanotubes 7 ^Qfi ^flA Method and apparatus for controlling the lenqth of a carbon nanotube 7, 394, 192 Electron-emitting source having carbon nanotubes 7,393,565 Assembly of carbon tube-in-tube nanostructures 7,391,225 Carbon nanotube sensor and apparatus and method for detecting change time of engine oil for automobile usinq the same 7 ^QI 14 4 Carbon-based composite particle for electron emission device, and method for preparinq 7 ？ QO RQ^ Fine carbon fiber, method for producinq the same and use thereof 7,390,475 Process for producing vapor-qrown carbon fibers 7 ^ft7 7 4 7 Method of making thermal interface material (TIM) with carbon nanotubes (CNT) 7,387,735 Method of isolating semiconducting carbon nanotubes 7,385,839 Memory devices using carbon nanotube (CNT) technologies 7,384,815 Process for attaching molecular wires and devices to carbon nanotubes and compositions thereof 7, 384, 668 CCVD method for producing tubular carbon nanofibers 7,384,520 Method for manufacturing hybrid carbon nanotube 7,381,316 Methods and related systems for carbon nanotube deposition 7,379,326 Large-capacity magnetic memory using carbon nano-tube 7,378,715 Free-standinq electrostatically-doped carbon nanotube device 7,378,328 Method of fabricating memory device utilizing carbon nanotubes 7f 378, 075 Aligned carbon nanotube films and a process for producing them 7,378,040 Method of forming fluoropolymer binders for carbon nanotube-based transparent conductive coatings 7,375,458 Continuous carbon—nanotube filaments for radiation— emitting devices and related methods 7,375,366 Carbon nanotube and method for producing the same, electron source and method for producing the same, and display 7,374,793 Methods and structures for promoting stable synthesis of carbon nanotubes 7,374,685 Process for separating metallic from semiconductinq single-walled carbon nanotubes 7,374,649 Dispersion of carbon nanotubes by nucleic acids 7,371,696 Carbon nanotube structure and method of vertically aligning carbon nanotubes 7,368,867 Field emission device with cathode wires and carbon nanotubes 7,368,791 Multi-gate carbon nano-tube transistors

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7 ？ (^ft 719 Y-shaped carbon nanotubes as AFM probe for analyzinq substrates with angled topography η ^^Q 0R7 Gas re—usinq system for carbon fiber manufacturinq processes 7 ft fiO Sinterinq method for carbon nanotube cathode of field- emission display 7,365,632 Resistive elements using carbon nanotubes 7 ^fiR Tuning product selectivity in catalytic hyciroformylation reactions with carbon dioxide expanded liquids 7 ^fiR 100 Compositions of suspended non-aqgreqated carbon nanotubes, methods of making the same, and uses thereof 7 ΠΓΠ Carbon nanotube interconnects in porous diamond interlayer dielectrics 7,364,709 Manufacturing apparatus and method for carbon nanotube 7,361,430 Carbon nanotube-polymer composite actuators 7 ^RQ ^QA Carbon nanotube devices and method of fabricating the same 7,357,984 Polymer-coated carbon nanotube 7,357,983 Controlled growth of sinqle—wall carbon nanotubes 7,357,907 Method for producing single walled carbon nanotubes 7,357,906 Method for fractionatinq single-wall carbon nanotubes 7,357,691 Method for depositing carbon nanotubes on a substrate of a field emission device usinq direct-contact transfer deposition 7 TRR TO/ Electron beam generator device having carbon nanotube structure with a crosslinked network structure 7,355,247 Silicon on diamond-like carbon devices 7,354,881 Method and catalyst for producing single walled carbon nanotubes 7,354,877 Carbon nanotube fabrics 7,354,823 Methods of forming integrated circuit devices having carbon nanotube electrodes therein 7,352,559 Carbon nanotube devices and uses therefor 7,349,085 Detecting the orientation of carbon nanotubes 7,348,592 Carbon nanotube apparatus and method of carbon nanotube modification 7,348,298 Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with qraphite nanoparticles and carbon nanotube 7,348,274 Method of aligning carbon nanotubes and method of manufacturing field emission device using the same 7,348,194 Electrode compositions containing carbon nanotubes for solid electrolyte capacitors 7,348,102 Corrosion protection using carbon coated electron collector for lithium-ion battery with molten salt electrolyte 7,342,479 Sensor device utilizing carbon nanotubes 7,342,277 Transistor for non volatile memory devices having a carbon nanotube channel and electrically floating quantum dots in its gate dielectric 7,341,972 Sinqlet oxyqen catalysts includinq condensed carbon molecules 12/49

7,338,915 Ropes of sinqle-wall carbon nanotubes and compositions thereof 7.338,684 Vapor qrown carbon fiber reinforced composite materials and methods of making and usinq same 7,338.648 Method for low temperature synthesis of sinqle wall carbon nanotubes 7 335 983 Carbon nanotube micro-chimney and thermo siphon die—level cooling 7 λλ^ 6ΓΠ System and method for fabricating logic devices comprising carbon nanotube transistors 7,335,408 Carbon nanotube composite material comprisinq a continuous metal coatinq in the inner surface, magnetic material and production thereof 7,335,395 Methods of usinq pre-formed nanotubes to make carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and articles 7,330,299 Optical amplifying arrangement usinq carbon nanotubes 7,329,902 IR-Iiqht emitters based on SWNT's (sinqle walled carbon nanotubes), semiconductinq SWNTs—light emitting diodes and lasers 7,329,398 Preparation of carbon nanotubes 7 fins Semiconductor carbon nanotubes fabricated by hydroqen functionalization and method for fabricating the same 7,321,188 Liqht filament formed from carbon nanotubes 7,321,097 Electronic component comprisinq an electrically conductive connection consisting of carbon nanotubes and a method for producing the same 7,319,288 Carbon nanotube-based field emission device 7,316,982 Controlling carbon nanotubes using optical traps 7 "51 α 7 fi Q Conducting liquid crystal polymer nature comprisinq carbon nanotubes, use thereof and method of fabrication 7,316,061 Packaqinq of integrated circuits with carbon nano-tube arrays to enhance heat dissipation throuqh a thermal interface 7,315,374 Real-time monitorinq optically trapped carbon nanotubes 7 ？1 1 QftQ Carbon nanotubes, process for their production, and catalyst for production of carbon nanotubes 7,309,526 Diamond like carbon coating on nanofillers 7,309,404 Manufacturing apparatus and method for carbon nanotube 7 ？Π ^ 9,99, Fabrication of reinforced composite material comprisinq carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and vapor-qrown carbon fibers for thermal barrier materials, structural ceramics, and multifunctional nanocomposite ceramics 7,306,503 Method and apparatus of fixinq carbon fibers on a substrate using an aerosol deposition process 7,304,128 Carbon nanotube binding peptides 7 1 Πλ Process for making polymers comprisinq derivatized carbon nanotubes and compositions thereof 7,303,790 Electron cyclotron resonance plasma deposition process and device for sinqle-wall carbon nanotubes and nanotubes thus obtained 7,301,232 Integrated circuit package with carbon nanotube array ^ FlS. “ Rub:

heat conductor 7,301,191 Fabricating carbon nanotube transistor devices 7 300 8 60 Integrated circuit with metal layer havinq carbon nanotubes and methods of makinq same 7,291 319 Carbon nanotube-baseci device and method for making the same | 7,291,318 Methods for manufacturinq multi-wall carbon nanotubes 7 ？QO Microfluidic sieve using intertwined, free-standinq I carbon nanotube mesh as active medium 7 288 S7 β Carbon nanotube-containinq catalysts, methods of makinq, and reactions catalyzed over nanotube catalysts 7,288,490 Increased alignment in carbon nanotube growth 7,288,321 Carbon nanotube array and method for forming same 7 ft Single-wall carbon nanotube alewives, process for makinq, and compositions thereof 7,286,210 Passive optical sensor using carbon nanotubes 7 9ft9 74? Organic semiconductor material and organic semiconductor element employing the same including carbon nanotubes 7,282,191 Carbon nanotube growth 7,279,247 Carbon nanotube pastes and methods of use 7 97 Q 1^7 Burners and combustion apparatus for carbon nanomaterial production 7 97 P ^94 Carbon nanotube—based sensor and method for detection of crack growth in a structure 7,276,283 Plasma-enhanced functionalization of carbon—containing substrates 7,276,266 Functionalization of carbon nanotubes 7,276,088 Hair colorinq and cosmetic compositions comprising carbon nanotubes 1,213,661 Electrically conductive polyimide compositions havinq a carbon nanotube filler component and methods relatinq thereto Ί,213, 652 Hollow carbon fiber and production method 7,273,095 Nanoenqineered thermal materials based on carbon nanotube array composites 7,272,511 Molecular memory obtained using DNA strand molecular switches and carbon nanotubes, and method for manufacturing the same 7,270,795 Method for producing nano-carbon materials 7,268,077 Carbon nanotube reinforced metallic layer 7,264,876 Polymer—wrapped single wall carbon nanotubes 7,262,266 Copolymerization of polybenzazoles and other aromatic polymers with carbon nanotubes 7,261,941 Sharp end, multi-layer carbon nano-tube radial aqqreqate and method of manufacturing the aggregate 7,261,924 Method of coatinq a substrate with a polymer havinq a combination of crown ether and carbon nanotubes havinq guanidine groups 7,261,871 Fabrication of carbon nanotube films from alkyne- transition metal complexes 7,261,852 Transparent electrodes from single wall carbon nanotubes .Za 14/49 / 7/

4

7,261 779 System, method, and apparatus for continuous synthesis sinqle-walled carbon nanotubes 7,261,352 Electrostatically driven carbon nanotube gripping device 7,259,903 Optical switching arrangement using carbon nanotubes 7,258,590 Electron emitting device usincj carbon fiber,· electron source; imaqe display device,· method of manufacturinq the electron emitting device; method of manufacturinq electron source usinq the electron emitting device; and method of manufacturing imaqe display device 7,253,442 Thermal interface material with carbon nanotubes 7,253,434 Suspended carbon nanotube field effect transistor 7 2S3 4 λΐ Method and apparatus for solution processed dopinq of carbon nanotube 7,252,884 Carbon nanotube reinforced porous carbon having three- dimensionally ordered porosity and method of fabricating same 7 9^0 ？^fi Carbon nanotubes with controlled diameter, lenqth, and metallic contacts 7 9 Rf) 91 R Aluminum nitride sintered body containinci carbon fibers and method of manufacturing the same 7,250,188 Depositing metal particles on carbon nanotubes 7 ？RO 14R Method for making single-wall carbon nanotubes using supported catalysts 7 ？ RD 14 7 Process for derivatizinq carbon nanotubes with diazonium species 7,247,897 Conductive line for a semiconductor device usinq a carbon nanotube includinq a memory thin film and semiconductor device manufactured 7 947 ?QO Spinninq, processing, and applications of carbon nanotube filaments, ribbons, and yarns 7,244,499 Bonded structure including a carbon nanotube 7,244,408 Short carbon nanotubes 7 9 ^Q Π73 Carbon substance and method for manufacturing the same, electron emission element and composite materials 7 Q1? Diamond—like carbon thermoelectric conversion devices and methods for the use and manufacture thereof 7,235,159 Methods for producing and usinq catalytic substrates for carbon nanotube growth 7,233,071 Low-k dielectric layer based upon carbon nanostructures 7 99 Q QOQ Integrated circuit chip utilizing dielectric layer having oriented cylindrical voids formed from carbon nanotubes 7,229,747 Method of making carbon nanotube patterned film or carbon nanotube composite usinq carbon nanotubes surface- modified with polymerizable moieties 7,226,818 Hiqh performance field effect transistors comprising carbon nanotubes fabricated using solution based processing 7 99 ί； R^l Method of makinq an electroplated interconnection wire of a composite of metal and carbon nanotubes 7,221,087 Carbon nanotube-based field emission display 7,217,748 Polymer-chain-qrafted carbon nanocapsule 7,217,404 Method of transforming carbon nanotubes £

4 R^uJxi

7 217 311 Method of producing metal nanocomposite powder reinforced with carbon nanotubes and the power prepared thereby 7,214,408 Method of producing carbon fiber aggregate 7,214,361 Method for synthesis of carbon nanotubes 7,214,360 Carbon nanotubes fabrication and hydrogen production 7,211,853 Electronic device using carbon nanotubes 7,211,795 Method for manufacturing single wall carbon nanotube tips 7 ?nR nfiQ Membrane comprising an array of single—wall carbon nanotubes 7,204,970 Sinqle-wall carbon nanotubes from hiqh pressure CO 7 9Π1 Pft7 Catalytic growth of sinqle-and double-wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles 7 1 Q7 ft 04 Method of making copper and carbon nanotube thermal conductor 7,195,938 Activation effect on carbon nanotubes 7 1 QA Ql O Carbon nanotube-based sensor and method for continually sensing changes in a structure 7, 192, 642 Sinqle-wall carbon nanotube film having hiqh modulus and conductivity and process for making the same 7,190,539 Magnetic recorder having carbon nanotubes embedded in anodic alumina for emitting electron beams to perform heat-assisted magnetic recording If 189,476 Rechargeable lithium cell having an anode comprised of carbon nanotubes 7,189,455 Fused carbon nanotube—nanocrystal heterostructures and methods of making the same 7,189,430 Directed assembly of hiqhly-organized carbon nanotube architectures 7,186,020 Thermal interface material (TIM) with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and low thermal impedance 7,183,228 Carbon nanotube growth 7,179,533 Fabrication of quartz—clad carbon nanotube bundles 7,176,614 Flat panel display device having anode substrate including conductive layers made of carbon-based material 7,175,494 Forming carbon nanotubes at lower temperatures suitable for an electron—emitting device 7,173,366 Field emission display having carbon nanotube emitter and method of manufacturing the same 7,170,120 Carbon nanotube energy well (CNEW) field effect transistor Ir 169,437 Method of coating an anode/collector with carbon nanotubes 7,169,374 Templated growth of carbon nanotubes 7,169,329 Carbon nanotube adducts and methods of making the same 7,166,325 Carbon nanotube devices If 166,266 Isolation and purification of single walled carbon nanotube structures 7,165,553 Nanoscale catalyst particles/aluminosilicate to reduce carbon monoxide in the mainstream smoke of a ciqarette 7,161,286 Carbon nanotube array and method for makii^g same It 161,107 Method, arrangement and use of an arrangement for separating metallic carbon nanotubes

carbon nanotubes

7,160,532

Carbon nanotube array and method for forming same

7,160,531

Process for the continuous production of aligned carbon

nanotubes

7,160,530

Metal-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes and production

thereof

7,160,169

Method of forming carbon nanotube emitters and field

emission display (FED) including such emitters

7,157,990

Radio frequency device and method using a carbon nanotube

array

7,157,167

Thermocatalytic process for CO. sub.2 —free production of

hydrogen and carbon from hydrocarbons

7,157,069

Apparatuses and processes for synthesis of carbon nanotubes using inverse diffusion flame

7,157,068

Varied morphology carbon nanotubes and method for their manufacture

7,157,066

Combustion process for synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from liquid hydrocarbon

7,156,958

Preparation of hollow carbon nanocapsules

7,153,903

Carbon nanotube—filled composites prepared by in_situ

polymerization

7,153,452

Mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers with carbon nanotube

reinforcements

7,153,398

Method for producing fullerene-containing carbon and

device for carrying out said method

7,151,146

Neodymium-carbon nanotube and method of preparing high

Ir 4-cis-polybutadiene using the same

7,151,129

Carbon nanofiber-dispersed resin fiber-reinforced composite material

7,150,865

Method for selective enrichment of carbon nanotubes

7,150,864

Ropes comprised of single-walled and double-walled carbon

nanotubes

7,148,619

Electronic device containing a carbon nanotube

7,148,512

Thermal interface with silver-filled carbon nanotubes

7,147,966

Coated carbon nanotube array electrodes

7,147,831

Carbon nanotube-based device and method for making the same

7,147,534

Patterned carbon nanotube process

7,144,563

Synthesis of branched carbon nanotubes

7,144,287

Individually electrically addressable carbon nanofibers on insulating substrates

7,141,727

Method and apparatus for fabricating a carbon nanotube transistor having unipolar characteristics

7,138,100

Process for making single-wall carbon nanotubes utilizing refractory particles

7,137,860

Method for fabricating a field emission display with carbon—based emitter

7,137,291

Multi—dimensional force sensing for scanning probe microscopy using carbon nanotube tips and carbon nanotube oscillators 7,135,773

17/49

Integrated circuit chip utilizing carbon nanotube

composite interconnection vias

135,160

Spheroidal aggregates comprising single-wall carbon

nanotubes and method for making the same

135,159

Synthesis of nanoscaled carbon materials

135,158

Method of purifying single wall carbon nanotubes

132,714

Vertical carbon nanotube-field effect transistor and

method of manufacturing the same

132,679

Single wall carbon nanotube electronic devices

132,385

High loading supported carbon catalyst, method of

preparing the same^ catalyst electrode including the

same, and fuel cell including the catalyst electrode

132,126

Room temperature synthesis of multiwalled carbon

nanostructures

132,039

Manufacturing apparatus and method for carbon nanotube

131,537

Separation of single wall carbon nanotubes

129,467

Carbon nanotube based light sensor

129,097

Integrated circuit chip utilizing oriented carbon

nanotube conductive layers

126,207

Capacitor with carbon nanotubes

125,534

Catalytic growth of single- and double-wall carbon

nanotubes from metal particles

125,533

Method for functionalizing carbon nanotubes utilizing

peroxides

125,525

Device and method for production of carbon nanotubes；

fullerene and their derivatives

125,502

Fibers of aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes and

process for making the same

125,308

Bead blast activation of carbon nanotube cathode

122,165

Sidewall—functionalized carbon nanotubes, and methods for

making the same

119,028

Surface imprinted films with carbon nanotubes

118,941

Method of fabricating a composite carbon nanotube thermal

interface device

118,881

Micro/nano—fabricated glucose sensors using single—walled

carbon nanotubes

118,693

Conformal coatings comprising carbon nanotubes

118,440

Spray with carbon nanotubes and method to spray the same

115,864

Method for purification of as-produced single-wall carbon nanotubes

115,306

Method of horizontally growing carbon nanotubes and device having the same

115,013

Method for making a carbon nanotube-based field emission

display

112,816

Carbon nanotube sensor and method of producing the same

112,472

Methods of fabricating a composite carbon nanotube thermal interface device

112,315

Molecular nanowires from single walled carbon nanotubes

109,703

Magnetic carbon nanotube

109,515

Carbon containing tips with cylindricalIy symmetrical carbon containing expanded bases 7,108.841 Method for forminci a patterned array of single—wal] ^ carbon nanotubes 7,105,596 Methods for prociucina composites of sinqle-wall carbon nanotubes and compositions thereof 7,104.859 Methods for manufacturinq carbon fibers, electron— emitting device, electron source, imaqe display- apparatus, liqht bulb, and secondary battery usinq a thermal CVD method 7 102 ？8S Plasma display panel with panel unit thermal interface having carbon nanotubes 7,102,278 Field emission display having carbon-based emitters 7,099,071 Method of movinq a carbon nanotube 7 098 1Sl Method of manufacturing carbon nanotube semiconductor device 7,097,906 Pure carbon isotropic alloy of allotropic forms of carbon includinq single—walled carbon nanotubes and diamond-like carbon 7,097,820 Continuous fiber of sinqle-wall carbon nanotubes 7,094,679 Carbon nanotube interconnect 7,094,386 Method of producing sinqle-walleci carbon nanotubes 7 DQ4 ？ft R Process for the mass production of multiwalled carbon nanotubes 7 0Q4 ？ Transparent polymer carbon nanotube composites and process for preparation 7 O Q4 1 ？λ Method of manufacturing an electron emittinq device with carbon nanotubes 7,091,096 Method of fabricating carbon nanotube field-effect transistors through controlled electrochemical modification 7 OQH PIQ Gas-phase process for purifyinq single-wall carbon nanotubes and compositions thereof 7 Oft7 907 Method for forming an array of single-wall carbon nanotubes in an electric field and compositions thereof 7 Ofi ^； 4 R1 Heat sink with carbon nanotubes and method for manufacturing same 7,085,125 Carbon nanotube devices and uses therefor \η ofti η^n Method for making a carbon nanotube—based field emission display |7, 078, 007 Method for manufacturing carbon nanotubes 7,076,871 Method of manufacturing a carbon nanotube device 7,074,980 Purification process of carbon nanotubes 7 Γ)Ί A Qfifl Polyimide aerogels, carbon aerogels, and metal carbide aerogels and methods of making same 7,074,380 Method for manufacturinq carbon fibers and electron emitting device using the same 7,074,310 Method for separating single—wall carbon nanotubes and compositions thereof 7,074,260 Filter using carbon nanotube \η Γ)! Δ ins Catalyst used to form carbon fiber, method of making the same and electron emittinq device, electron source, imaqe forming apparatus, secondary battery and body for storing hydrogen

7,071,406 Array of single-wall carbon nanotubes 7,070,923 Provision of carbon nanotube bucky paper caqes for immune shielding of cells, tissues, and medical devices 7,070,810 Use of buckysome or carbon nanotube for drug delivery 7,070,754 Ropes of sincjle-wall carbon nanotubes 7 067 09R Method for forminq an array of sinqle -wall carbon nanotubes and compositions thereof 7 067 096 Carbon nanotube-carbon nanohorn complex and method for producing the same 7,064.474 Carbon nanotube array and field emission device usinq same 7,061,749 Supercapacitor havinq electrode material comprisinq sinqle-wall carbon nanotubes and process for makinq the same 7,060,543 Method of forminq a conductive line for a semiconductor device usinq a carbon nanotube and semiconductor device manufactured usinq the method 7 OfiO ？Rfi Carbon nanotube-based device and method for making carbon nanotube-based device 7 Π^Π 941 Coatinqs comprisinq carbon nanotubes and methods for forming same 7,057,402 Carbon nanotube sensor 7,056,479 Process for preparing carbon nanotubes 7,053,520 Rotational actuator or motor based on carbon nanotubes 7 OR? fifiP Process utilizing seeds for making single—wall carbon nanotubes 7 π<ς(ς7 RF plasma method for production of sinqle walled carbon nanotubes 7,052,666 Method for cutting sinqle-wall carbon nanotubes 7 ΠΔ9, QQQ Method for producing self-assembled objects comprisinq single-wall carbon nanotubes and compositions thereof η QD4 Carbon fiber for a fuel cell havinq catalytic metal supported thereon 7,045,108 Method for fabricating carbon nanotube yarn 7 Π4 Π Q4 R Enhanced field emission from carbon nanotubes mixed with particles 7,038,299 Selective synthesis of semiconducting carbon nanotubes 7,037,479 Method for cleaning nanomorphic carbon species 7,033,647 Method of synthesising carbon nano tubes 7,029,751 Isotope—doped carbon nanotube and method and apparatus for forming the same 7,029,646 Method for cutting sinqle-wall carbon nanotubes through fluorination η OOQ (S4 R Method for non-reactive separation of nanomorphic carbon species 7 D^S fiR? Electron amplifier utilizing carbon nanotubes and method of manufacturing the same 7,022,541 Patterned growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes from elevated wafer structures 7,018,602 Carbon fiber for field electron emitter and method for manufacturing field electron emitter 7,018,601 Carbon fiber product, and method of adjusting length oY carbon fiber product 7,018.600 Expanded carbon fiber product and composite usinq the same 7,015,500 Memory device utilizing carbon nanotubes 7,014,829 Carbon fiber, and filter and absorbent using the same 7,013,708 Carbon nanotube sensors 7,Oil,884 Carbon nanotube with a graphitic outer layer 7,011,771 Method of making carbon nanotubes on a substrate 7 Oil 760 Carbon nanotube—containing structures, methods of makinq, and processes usinq same 7 008 969 Carbon nanotube—containinq catalysts, methods of makinq, and reactions catalyzed over nanotube catalysts 7 OOft 7 SP Method of forming a patterned film of surface—modified carbon nanotubes 7,008,605 Method for manufacturing high quality carbon nanotubes 7, 008, 563 Polymer-wrapped single wall carbon nanotubes 7 OHc. fif)7 Negative voltaqe drivinq of a carbon nanotube field emissive display 7,005,550 Arylcarbonylated vapor-qrown carbon nanofibers 6,998,563 Carbon nanotube apparatus for surface discharge polishing a QQQ 424 Carbon fiber reinforced resin composition, moldinq compounds and molded products therefrom 6,998,103 Method for producing carbon nanotubes 6,997,039 Carbon nanotube based resonant-circuit sensor a QQ4 QH7 Carbon nanotube product comprising sinqle-walled carbon nanotubes 6,991,932 Carbon nanotube connected instrument a QQQ QO C1 Method for patterning carbon nanotube coatinq and carbon nanotube wiring 6,987,602 Anisometrically shaped carbon and/or graphite particles, liquid suspensions and films thereof and liqht valves comprising same a QQ α ρ,η a Method for forminq composites of sub-arrays of sinqle- wall carbon nanotubes f. QQ Q C. '5 Carbon nanotube fiber—reinforced composite structures for EM and lightning strike protection a QQO RlQ Individually electrically addressable vertically aliqned carbon nanofibers on insulating substrates 6,979,947 Manotriocie utilizing carbon nanotubes and fibers 6,979,709 Continuous fiber of single-wall carbon nanotubes a q7 q 4 H Synthesis of multi—wall carbon nanotubes usinq unseeded hydrocarbon diffusion flames a Q7 Q ΟΛΑ Method of manufacturing an electronic device containinq a carbon nanotube a Q7 a Q Q7 Field emission array with carbon nanotubes and method for fabricating the field emission array a qn f, s Anisotropic thermal applications of composites of ceramics and carbon nanotubes a Q7 c; η Metallization of carbon nanotubes for field emission applications β,974,927 21/49

Method and system for optically sorting and/or

manipulating carbon nanotubes

6,974,926

Sorting of single—walled carbon nanotubes using optical

dipole traps

6,972,467

Multi-gate carbon nano—tube transistors

6,972,056

Carbon nanotube purification

6, 969,504

Electrical conductors comprising single-wall carbon

nanotubes

6,969,503

Vapor grown carbon fiber and electrode material for

battery

6,967,043

Method of manufacturing the densely fitted multi—layer

carbon nano—tube

6,967,013

Process for producing aligned carbon nanotube films

6,965,513

Carbon nanotube thermal interface structures

6,962,892

Metallic catalytic particle for producing single-walled

carbon nanotubes

6,962,515

Method of reducing leakage current in electronic devices

having carbon nanotubes

6r962,092

Method and apparatus for determining the length of

single-walled carbon nanotubes

6,960,425

Method for laminating and patterning carbon nanotubes

using chemical self-assembly process

6,960,389

Rigid porous carbon structures, methods of making.

methods of using and products containing same

6,960,334

Amorphous nano-scale carbon tube and production method

therefor

6,958,216

DNA-bridged carbon nanotube arrays

6,957,993

Method of manufacturing a light filament from carbon

nanotubes

6,956,334

Field emission display having carbon-based emitters

6,955,937

Carbon nanotube memory cell for integrated circuit

structure with removable sicie spacers to permit access to

memory cell and process for forming such memory cell

6,955,800

Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes

6,949,877

Electron emitter including carbon nanotubes and its application in gas discharge devices

6,949,237

Method for growing single—wall carbon nanotubes utlizing seed molecules

6, 949, 216

Rapid manufacturing of carbon nanotube composite structures

6, 946, 851

Carbon nanotube array based sensor

6,946,780

Carbon body, process for producing the carbon body, and

electric field emission electron source using the carbon body

6,940,088

Molecular structures comprising single wall carbon nanotubes

6,939,525

Method of forming composite arrays of single-wall carbon nanotubes and compositions thereof

6,936,653

Composite materials comprising polar polymers and single- wall carbon nanotubes

6, 936,233

Method for purification of as-produced single-wall carbon nanotubes / \ 22/49 ^ pis

_ VsU^

β,936,228 Manufacturing apparatus for carbon nanotube a Q-5C, Ql S Method of fabricating field emission display employing carbon nanotubes 6,933,674 Plasma display panel utilizing carbon nanotubes and method of manufacturinq the front panel of the plasma display panel 6,930,313 Emission source havincy carbon nanotube, electron microscope using this emission source, and electron beam drawing device α QOO η ΊΔ Field emission display device havinq carbon-based emitters Sf921,684 Method of sorting carbon nanotubes including protecting metallic nanotubes and removing the semiconducting nanotubes β,921,575 Carbon nanotube structures, carbon nanotube devices using the same and method for manufacturing carbon nanotube structures 6,921,462 Method and apparatus for producing aligned carbon nanotube thermal interface structure 6,919,730 Carbon nanotube sensor 6,919,064 Process and apparatus for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes 6,919,063 Carbon nano-particle and method of preparing the same and transparent conductive polymer composite containing the same 6,918,284 Interconnected networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes 6,916,434 Iron-carbon composite, carbonaceous material comprisinq said iron-carbon composite and process for preparing the same 6,913,789 Process utilizing pre—formed cluster catalysts for makinq single-wall carbon nanotubes 6,911,767 Field emission devices using ion bombarded carbon nanotubes 6,911,260 Reinforced carbon nanotubes 6,905,544 Manufacturing method for a carbon nanomaterial, a manufacturinq apparatus for a carbon nanomaterial, and manufacturing facility for a carbon nanomaterial 6,903,500 Field emitter device comprisinq carbon nanotube havinq protective membrane 6,902,655 Producing apparatus and producing method for manufacturing carbon structure 6,900,580 Self-oriented bundles of carbon nanotubes and method of making same 6, 900,264 Compositions comprising rigid-rod polymers and carbon nanotubes and process for making the same 6,899,945 Entangled single-wall carbon nanotube solid material and methods for making same 6,897,603 Catalyst for carbon nanotube growth 6, 896, 864 Spatial localization of dispersed single walled carbon nanotubes into useful structures 6,891,724 Increasing thermal conductivity of thermal interface using carbon nanotubes and CVD 6,890,780 daiv

23/49

Method for forming an electrostatically-doped carbon

nanotube device

6,890,506

Method of forming carbon fibers

6,890,505

Fine carbon wires and methods for producing the same

6,887,451

Process for preparing carbon nanotubes

6,887,450

Directional assembly of carbon nanotube strings

6,887,291

Filter devices and methods for carbon nanomaterial

collection

6, 885, 010

Carbon nanotube electron ionization sources

6,884,404

Method of manufacturing carbon nanotubes and/or

fullerenes, and manufacturing apparatus for the same

6,882,112

Carbon nanotube field emission display

6,882,094

Diamond/diamond-like carbon coated nanotube structures

for efficient electron field emission

6,881,521

Carbon fiber, electrode material for lithium secondary

battery, and lithium secondary battery

6,878,444

Magnetic carbon nanotube

6r878,361

Production of stable aqueous dispersions of carbon

nanotubes

6,878,360

Carbon fibrous matter, production device of carbon

fibrous matter, production method of carbon fibrous

matter and deposit prevention device for carbon fibrous

matter

6,875,417

Catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons to hydrogen and

high-value carbon

6,875,412

Chemically modifying single wall carbon nanotubes to

facilitate dispersal in solvents

6,875,374

Ceramic materials reinforced with single-wall carbon

nanotubes as electrical conductors

6,875,274

Carbon nanotube-nanocrystal heterostructures and methods

of making the same

6,872,403

Polymethylmethacrylate augmented with carbon nanotubes

6,872,236

Preparation of magnetic metal-filled carbon nanocapsules

6,871,528

Method of producing a branched carbon nanotube for use

with an atomic force microscope

6,870,308

Electron amplifier utilizing carbon nanotubes and method

of manufacturing the same

6,869,583

Purification of carbon filaments and their use in storing

hydrogen

6,866,801

Process for making aligned carbon nanotubes

6,863,942

Free-standing and aligned carbon nanotubes and synthesis thereof

6,858,197

Controlled patterning and growth of single wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes

6,858,173

Nanocrystalline ceramic materials reinforced with single— wall carbon nanotubes

6,855,659

Manufacturing method of carbon nanotubes and laser irradiation target for the manufacture thereof

6, 855, 603

Vertical nano-size transistor using carbon nanotubes and manufacturing method thereof

6,855,376

Process of direct growth of carbon nanotubes on a 24/49

substrate at low temperature

6,855,301

Synthesis method for producing carbon clusters and structured carbon clusters produced thereby

6,852,410

Macroscopic fiber comprising single—wall carbon nanotubes and acrylonitrile—based polymer and process for making the same

6,849,245

Catalysts for producing narrow carbon nanostructures

843,850

Catalyst-free growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes

6,841,610

Fluorinated carbon fiber, and active material for battery

and solid lubricant using the same

6,841,509

Carbon nanocapsule supported catalysts

6,841,139

Methods of chemically derivatizing single-wall carbon

nanotubes

6,841,003

Method for forming carbon nanotubes with intermediate

purification steps

6,841,002

Method for forming carbon nanotubes with post-treatment

step

6,838,297

Nanostructure, electron emitting device, carbon nanotube

device, and method of producing the same

6,837,928

Electric field orientation of carbon nanotubes

6,836,066

Triode field emission display using carbon nanobtubes

6,835,911

Method and system for optically sorting and/or manipulating carbon nanotubes

6,835,613

Method of producing an integrated circuit with a carbon nanotube

6,835,366

Chemical derivatization of single—wall carbon nanotubes to facilitate solvation thereof, and use of derivatized

nanotubes

6,835,330

Iron-carbon composite, carbonaceous material comprising said iron-carbon composite and process for preparing the same

6,833,567

Vertical nano-size transistor using carbon nanotubes and manufacturing method thereof

6,833,558

Parallel and selective growth method of carbon nanotube on the substrates for electronic-spintronic device applications

6,828,282

Lubricants containing carbon nanotubes

6,827,918

Dispersions and solutions of fluorinated single-wall

carbon nanotubes

6,825,610

Carbon ink, electron-emitting element, method for

manufacturing an electron-emitting element and image

display device

6,825,595

Composite for paste including carbon nanotubes, electron

emitting device using the same, thereof

and manufacturing method

6,824,689

Carbon nanotube-containing structures, methods of making, and processes using same

6,821,911

Manufacturing method of carbon nanotube transistors

6,821,730

Carbon nanotube molecular labels

6,819,034

Carbon flake cold cathode

6,815,294

Vertical nano-size transistor using carbon nanotubes and manufacturing method thereof Triode structure field emission display device using

carbon nanotubes and method of fabricating the same

6,812,480

6,811,957

Patterned carbon nanotube films

6,808,746

Multilayer carbon nanotube films and method of making the

same

6,806,223

6, 803, 840

Single oxygen catalysts including condensed carbon

molecules

Pattern-aligned carbon nanotube growth and tunable resonator apparatus_

6,803,708

6f803,260

Barrier metal layer for a carbon nanotube flat panel display_

Method of horizontally growing carbon nanotubes and field- effect transistor using the carbon nanotubes grown by the method

6,800,369

Crystals comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes

6,798,127

Enhanced field emission from carbon nanotubes mixed with

particles

6,794,666

Electron emission lithography apparatus and method using

a selectively grown carbon nanotube

6,794,598

Arc electrodes for synthesis of carbon nanostructures

6,790,425

Macroscopic ordered assembly of carbon nanotubes

6,787,200

Method and device for electronic cyclotronic resonance

plasma deposit of carbon nanofibre layers in fabric form

and resulting fabric layers

6,784,779

Inductor employing carbon nanotube and/or carbon

nanofiber

6,783,745

Fullene based sintered carbon materials

6,782,154

Ultrafast all-optical switch using carbon nanotube

polymer composites

6,774,548

Carbon nanotube field emission display

6,774,333

Method and system for optically sorting and/or

manipulating carbon nanotubes

6,773,689

Carbon media for storage of hydrogen

6, 769, 945

Method of growing isomeric carbon emitters onto triode

structure of field emission display

6,765,949

Carbon nanostructures and methods of preparation

6,764,874

Method for chemical vapor deposition of single walled

carbon nanotubes

6,764, 628

Composite material comprising oriented carbon nanotubes

in a carbon matrix and process for preparing same

6,761,871

Magnetic production of carbon nanotubes and filamerrbs

6,761,870

Gas-phase nucleation and growth of single-wall carbon

nanotubes from high pressure CO

6,759,025

Method of synthesizing carbon nanotubes and apparatus

used for the same

6,758,957

Electrochemical deposition of carbon nanoparticles from

organic solutions

6,758,891

Carbon—containing material

6,756,795

Carbon nanobimorph actuator and sensor

6,756,026

Method for growing continuous carbon fiber and compositions thereof _

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6, 756, 025 Method for growing single—wall carbon nanotubes utilizing seed molecules 6, 755, 956 Catalyst-induced growth of carbon nanotubes on tips of cantilevers and nanowires 6, 755, 530 Retinal light processing using carbon nanotubes Process for purifying sinqle-wall carbon nanotubes and 6,752,977 compositions thereof 6,749,826 Carbon nanotube coatings as chemical absorbers 6,740,224 Method of manufacturing carbon nanotubes Field emission display using carbon nanotubes and methods 6,739,932 of making the same 6,737,939 Carbon .nanotube array RF filter 6,730,972 Amorphous carbon insulation and carbon nanotube wires 6,720,728 Devices containing a carbon nanotube 6,718,834 Carbon nanotube flow sensor device and method 6,713,519 Carbon nanotube-containinq catalysts, methods of making, and reactions catalyzed over nanotube catalysts 6,712,864 Carbon nanotube structures and method for manufacturing the same 6,709,471 Single layer carbon nanotube electrode battery 6,706,248 Carbon nitrogen nanofiber compositions of specific morphology, and method for their preparation 6,702,875 Carbon fiber filters for air filtration 6,700,454 Integrated RF array using carbon nanotube cathodes 6,699,642 Method of manufacturing triode carbon nanotube field emitter array 6,699,525 Method of forming carbon nanotubes and apparatus therefor 6,695,974 Nano carbon materials for enhancing thermal transfer in fluids 6,692,717 Catalytic growth of single—wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles 6,692,324 Sinqle self-aligned carbon containing tips 6,686,311 Catalyst system for producing carbon fibrils 6,683,783 Carbon fibers formed from sinqle-wall carbon nanotubes 6,682,677 Spinning, processing, and applications of carbon nanotube filaments, ribbons, and yarns 6f611, 624 Carbon nanotubes transistor 6, 673,392 Method of vertically aligning carbon nanotubes on substrates at low pressure using thermal chemical vapor deposition with DC bias 6,670,179 Molecular functionalization of carbon nanotubes and use as substrates for neuronal growth 6,670,058 Thermocatalytic process for C02—free production of hydrogen and carbon from hydrocarbons 6,664,728 Carbon nanotubes with nitrogen content 6,660,959 Processes for nanomachining using carbon nanotubes | 6,660,383 Multifibrous carbon fiber and utilization thereof 6,656,712 Method for immobilizinq and/or crystallizinq bioloqical macromolecules on carbon nanotubes and uses β,653,366 Carbon ink, electron-emitting element, method for 27/4 9 # Λ 、J m 緊

^ Rttbt tt^p. 复

manufacturing an electron-emitting element and imaqe display device Carbon tips with expanded bases grown with simultaneous ο, ό4y,4 J丄 application of carbon source and etchant gases 6, 648, 711 Field emitter having carbon nanotube film, method of fabricating the same, and field emission display device using the field emitter 6, 645, 628 Carbon nanotube coated anode β, 645, 455 Chemical derivatization of single-wall carbon nanotubes to facilitate solvation thereof; and use of derivatized nanotubes to form catalyst-containing seed materials for use in making carbon fibers 6f 642,639 Field emission array with carbon nanotubes β, 641, 793 Method of solubilizinq single—walled carbon nanotubes in orqanic solutions 6,630,772 Device comprising carbon nanotube field emitter structure and process for forming device 6, 628,053 Carbon nanotube device, manufacturinq method of carbon nanotube device, and electron emitting device 6f621,232 Field emission display device having carbon-based emitter 6, 616,497 Method of manufacturing carbon nanotube field emitter by electrophoretic deposition 6, 616,495 Filming method of carbon nanotube and the field emission source using the film 6, 605,894 Field emission devices using carbon nanotubes and method thereof 6, 599, 961 Polymethylmethacrylate augmented with carbon nanotubes 6, 599, 492 Onion—like carbon film and its production 6, 597, 090 Method for manufacturing carbon nanotubes as functional elements of MEMS devices 6,596,055 Hydrogen storage using carbon-metal hybrid compositions 6,591,658 Carbon nanotubes as linewidth standards for SEM & AFM 6,590,231 Transistor that uses carbon nanotube ring 6, 582, 673 Carbon nanotube with a graphitic outer layer: process and application 6, 579, 833 Process for converting a metal carbide to carbon by etching in halogens 6,566,704 Vertical nano—size transistor using carbon nanotubes and manufacturing method thereof β,559,550 Nanoscale piezoelectric generation system usinq carbon nanotube 6, 558, 645 Method for manufacturing carbon nanocoils 6,548,313 Amorphous carbon insulation and carbon nanotube wires 6,547,854 Amine enriched solid sorbents for carbon dioxide capture 6,540,972 Carbon material and method of preparing the same 6,531,828 Alignment of carbon nanotubes 6,531,513 Method of solubilizing carbon nanotubes in orqanic solutions 6, 529,312 Anisometrically shaped carbon and/or qraphite particles, liquid suspensions and films thereof and light valves comprising same 6,528,020 28/49

Carbon nanotube devices

6,527,988

Process of making carbon fiber with sharp ends

6,524,707

Carbon—bonded metal structures and methods of fabrication

6,518,218

Catalyst system for producing carbon fibrils

6,517,800

Production of single-walled carbon nanotubes by a

hydrogen arc discharge method

6,515,415

Triode carbon nanotube field emission display using

barrier rib structure and manufacturing method thereof

6,515,339

Method of horizontally growing carbon nanotubes and field

effect transistor using the carbon nanotubes grown by the

method

514,113

White light source using carbon nanotubes and fabrication

method thereof

6,503,660

Lithium ion battery containing an anode comprised of

graphitic carbon nanofibers

6,495,258

Structures with high number density of carbon nanotubes

and 3-diraensional distribution

6,495,116

Net shape manufacturing using carbon nanotubes

6,479,030

Carbon electrode material

6,479,028

Rapid synthesis of carbon nanotubes and carbon

encapsulated metal nanoparticles by a displacement

reaction

6,476,154

Use of carbon black in curable rubber compounds

6,471,936

Method of reversibly storing H2 and H2 storage system

based on metal-doper carbon-based materials

6,465,813

Carbon nanotube device

6,457,350

Carbon nanotube probe tip grown on a small probe

6,455,847

Carbon nanotube probes in atomic force microscope to

detect partially open/closed contacts

6,455,021

Method for producing carbon nanotubes

6,451,175

Method and apparatus for carbon nanotube production

6,445,006

Microelectronic and microelectromechanical devices

comprising carbon nanotube components, and methods of

making same

6, 441, 550

Carbon-based field emission electron device for high

current density applications

6,440,761

Carbon nanotube field emission array and method for

fabricating the same

6,437,329

Use of carbon nanotubes as chemical sensors by

incorporation of fluorescent molecules within the tube

6,432,866

Rigid porous carbon structures, methods of malcing,

methods of using and products containing same

6,426,134

Single-wall carbon nanotube-polymer composites

6,420,293

Ceramic matrix nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes for enhanced mechanical behavior

6,419,717

Carbon nanotubes in fuels

6,413,487

Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes

6,409,567

Past-deposited carbon electron emitters

6,401,526

Carbon nanotubes and methods of fabrication thereof using

a liquid phase catalyst precursor

6,400,088

Infrared carbon nanotube detector 6,368,569 Method of solubilizing unshortened carbon nanotubes in organic solutions 6,361,861 Carbon nanotubes on a substrate 6,354,133 Use of carbon nanotubes to calibrate conventional tips used in AFM 6,350,488 Mass synthesis method of high purity carbon nanotubes vertically aligned over large-size substrate using thermal chemical vapor deposition 6,346,189 Carbon nanotube structures made using catalyst islands 6,339,281 Method for fabricating triode-structure carbon nanotube field emitter array 6,337,110 Process for the deposition by electron cyclotron resonance plasma of electron-emitting carbon films under the effect of an electric field applied 6,333,016 Method of producing carbon nanotubes 6,331,690 Process for producing single-wall carbon nanotubes uniform in diameter and laser ablation apparatus used therein 6,331,262 Method of solubilizinq shortened single-walled carbon nanotubes in organic solutions 6,331,209 Method of forming carbon nanotubes 6,329,745 Electron gun and cathode ray tube having multilayer carbon-based field emission cathode 6,325,909 Method of growth of branched carbon nanotubes and devices produced from the branched nanotubes 6,312,303 Alignment of carbon nanotubes 6,303,094 Process for producing carbon nanotubes, process for producinq carbon nanotube film, and structure provided with carbon nanotube film 6,290,753 Hydrogen storage in carbon material 6,283,812 Process for fabricating article comprisinq aligned truncated carbon nanotubes 6,278,231 Nanostructure, electron emitting device, carbon nanotube device, and method of producing the same 6,277,318 Method for fabrication of patterned carbon nanotube films 6,232,706 Self-oriented bundles of carbon nanotubes and method of making same 6,228,498 Structured body of carbon having frustum protrusion and method for the preparation thereof 6,203,864 Method of forminq a heterojunction of a carbon nanotube and a different material, method of working a filament of a nanotube 6,187,823 Solubilizinq single—walled carbon nanotubes by direct reaction with amines and alkylaryl amines 6,183,854 Method of making a reinforced carbon foam material and related product 6,183,714 Method of makinq ropes of single—wall carbon nanotubes 6,181,055 Multilayer carbon-based field emission electron device for high current density applications 6, 156,256 Plasma catalysis of carbon nanofibers 6, 146, 227 Method for manufacturing carbon nanotubes as functional elements of MEMS devices

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6,143,412 Fabrication of carbon microstructures Metallic nanoscale fibers from stable iodine-doped carbon 6,139,919 nanotubes 6,136,160 Process for producinq a carbon film on a substrate Controlled synthesis and metal—fillinq of aligned carbon 6,129,901 nanotubes 6,113,819 Three dimensional interpenetratinq networks of macroscopic assemblaqes of oriented carbon fibrils and orqanic polymers 6,099,965 Riqid porous carbon structures, methods of making, methods of using and products containing same 6,090,363 Method of opening and fillinq carbon nanotubes 6f083,624 Carbon material and method of preparing the same 6,062,931 Carbon nanotube emitter with triode structure 6,020,677 Carbon cone and carbon whisker field emitters 5,993,697 Metallic carbon materials 5,985,446 Acetylenic carbon allotrope 5,976,477 Reaction control method usinq carbon soot molecules and orqanometallic complexes in excited state 5,968,650 Three dimensional interpenetrating networks of macroscopic assemblaqes of randomly oriented carbon fibrils and orqanic polymers 5,965,267 Method for producinq encapsulated nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes usinq catalytic disproportionation of carbon monoxide and the nanoencapsulates and nanotubes formed thereby 5,925,465 Carbon material originatinq from qraphite and method of producinq same 5,916,642 Method of encapsulatinq a material in a carbon nanotube 5,879,836 Lithium battery with electrodes containinq carbon fibrils 5,853,877 Method for disentanqlinq hollow carbon microfibers, electrically conductive transparent carbon micirofibers aqqreqation film amd coatinq for forminq such film 5,780,101 Method for producing encapsulated nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes usinq catalytic disproportionation of carbon monoxide 5,773,834 Method of forminq carbon nanotubes on a carbonaceous body, composite material obtained thereby and electron beam source element usinq same 5,753,088 Method for making carbon nanotubes 5,716,708 Acetylenic carbon allotrope 5,698,175 Process for purifyinq, uncappinq and chemically modifying carbon nanotubes 5,695,734 Process for the separation of carbon nanotubes from qraphite |5, 641, 466 Method of purifying carbon nanotubes 5,627,140 Enhanced flux pinninq in superconductors by embedding carbon nanotubes with BSCCO materials 5,626,812 Method of producing carbon material by bending at least one carbon atom layer of graphite 5,593,740 Method and apparatus for making carbon-encapsulated ultrafine metal particles /

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5,560,898 Process of isolating carbon nanotubes from a mixture containinq carbon nanotubes and qraphite particles 5,547,748 Carbon nanoencapsulates 5,543,378 Carbon nanostructures encapsulating palladium 5,489,477 Hiqh—molecular weight carbon material and method of forminq the same 5,482,601 Method and device for the production of carbon nanotubes 5,457,343 Carbon nanotubule enclosing a foreign material 5,445,800 Reaction control method and apparatus usinq carbon soot molecules and orqanometallic complexes in excited state 5,424,054 Carbon fibers and method for their production 5,346,683 Uncapped and thinned carbon nanotubes and process

Como e de conhecimento, atualmente em muitos paises a transmissao de grandes quantidades de energia eletrica e realizada por cabos de aluminio, tal como acontece, por exemplo, no Brasil, onde a maior parte da produgao de energia eletrica provem das usinas hidreletricas. A energia produzida nestas usinas e usualmente conduzida ate uma subestagao de transmissao, onde transformadores elevam sua tensao para uma faixa entre 69kV a 750kV, visando reduzir as perdas nas linhas de longas distancias. Cada torre possui usualmente tres cabos, sendo um para cada fase de tensao, alem de cabos aterrados. Estas linhas de transmissao de alta tensao levam a energia ate uma subestagao de energia, onde transformadores a reduzem para baixa tensao (13,8kV). Estima-se que a maIha de transmissao brasileira em

2005 era de aproximadamente 95 mil quilometros. Cerca de 80% deste sistema de transmissao utiliza cabos de aluminio com alma de ago, padrao conhecido como CAA. Esse padrao possui uma menor condutividade eletrica que cabos 100° de aluminio, sendo, portanto uma tendencia natural que as linhas de transmissao passem a usar 100%

aluminio no futuro. As ligas EC6201 e a termo-resistente TCA hoj e se encontram entre as melhores candidates para substituigao das CAA's pois apresentam maior confiabilidade devido a resistencia mecanica e melhor condutividade eletrica.

No entanto, mesmo as melhores ligas de aluminio

tem sua condutividade limitada, principalmente quando exposta a elevadas temperatures (conseqiiencia natural do efeito Joule)· Essa limitagao abre campo para novas alternativas, como a utilizagao de nanotecnologia para ~~10 melhoramento destas propriedades.

Objetivos da Invenqiao.

Diante das circunstancias acima, ο objetivo da ■ invengao e um condutor eletrico definido por um

composito formado por cabo de aluminio recoberto de nanotubos de carbono em sua superficie. A condutividade eletrica do cabo composito foi aumentada de 165% quando comparada com ο cabo de aluminio puro. Devido a natureza do s materials utilizados, a condutividade do cabo nao sofre alteragao mesmo sob aquecimento ate IOO0C, ο que e importante para aplicagao em dispositivos eletronicos. A cobertura de nanotubos de carbono no aluminio foi realizada utilizando uma tecnica chamada de deposigao eletroforetica. Nesta tecnica, nanotubos de carbono tratados quimicamente com acido sao misturados com agua e ο pH acertado para 7,0 para gerar cargas eletricas nos nanotubos de carbono. 0 cabo de aluminio a ser recoberto e mergulhado em um recipiente metalico contendo a mistura de agua e nanotubos de carbono, e um potencial eletrico e aplicado entre ο cabo e ο recipiente (carga

positiva no cabo). \

33/49

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W

i

〇 objetivo deste trabalho e, portanto, explorar a elevada condutividade eletrica dos nanotubos de carbono, conhecidos como fios quanticos devido ao comportamento quantico da transmissao eletronica, para aumentar a condutividade eletrica de cabos e fios de aluminio para utilizagao em sistemas de transmissao de energia em alta tensao. E assim proposto um novo fi〇 eletrico composto de aluminio e nanotubos de carbono, cujas propriedades abrem novos horizontes para qualidade de transmissao de energia. Atraves de tecnica de EPD, nanocamadas de . nanotubos foram depositadas em fios de aluminio e sua

condutividade foi testada e comparada com materials • convencionais. Os resultados foram bastante expressivo,

sendo que a condutividade pode ser aumentada em cerca de duas vezes quando comparada com ο material convencional, reduzindo, assim, as perdas por efeito Joule. Sendo a camada extremamente fina (nanometrica) e a tecnica de aplicagao rapida e de facil operacionalizagao, considera-se que este aumento significativo da condutividade abre novas perspectives para a redugao de perdas no sistema de transmissao de energia, desde que os custos associados com a aplicagao da camada nanometrica foram considerados razoaveis relativos aos ganhos obtidos. Descriqsao dos desenhos.

Para melhor compreensao da presente Invengao, e feita em seguida uma descrigao detalhada da mesma, fazendo-se referencias aos desenhos anexos:

FIGURA 1 representa nanotubos de carbono com

formagao de hemi-fulerenos nas extremidades； 34/49

% S*

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15

20

25

FIGURA 2 mostra uma representagao esquematica de um processo de deposigao eletroforetica de nanotubos de carbono em chapas metalicas;

FIGURA 3 mostra a representagao esquematica da camara para deposigao especialmente montada para ensaio, por onde se verif ica ο processo de deposigao eletroforetica (EPD) , porem, 、、F〃 indica ο fi〇 de aluminio com carga positiva e 、、CE〃 indica ο centro eletrodo que e uma camara cilindrica e "S" indica a suspensao com nanotubos de carbono. ilustra uma vista em elevagao frontal;

FIGURA 4 mostra um grafico de Potencial Zeta (carga de extremidade) em fungao de pH para amostra funcionalizada (purified SWNTs) e carbono amorfo (AP- SWNT).

FIGURA 5 e uma microscopia Eletronica de Transmissao dos nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados (purified SWNTs) mostrando as extremidades de dois deles. A escala da Foto 4 de 20nm, indicando ο tamanho do nanotubo em cerca de 20 a 3Onm de espessura.

FIGURA 6 ilustra uma imagem de microscopia eletronica de Varredura dos nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados (purified SWNTs) depositados na superficie do Pio de aluminio, Na esquerda uma foto de um pedago do fio de aluminio com a cobertura de nanotubos, invisivel a olho nu. Na direita observa-se que ha a f ormagao de uma camada bem aderida dos nanotubos, com profundidade de cerca de um a tres nanotubos (i.e. <90nm)； e a

FIGURA 7 e uma representagao esquematica da 20

25

35/49

produgao de fios de aluminio com sugestao onde acoplar a etapa de deposigao eletroforetica de nanotubos de carbono. 、

Descriqsao detalhada da invengao.

Nanotecnologia: Perspectivas dos Nanotubos de Carbono como Condutores Eletricos·

Os nanotubos de carbono (CNTs 一 Carbon Nanotubes) for am observados pel a primeira vez ha pelo menos 30 anos, mas apenas na iiltima decada essas nanoestruturas se tomaram focos de relevantes estudos na literature, que tem como objetivo principal a tentativa de entender e explorer as propriedades iinicas clesse import ante alotropa do carbono.

Assim como a estrutura da graf ite, os nanotubos sao organizag5es hexagonais de atomos de carbono, formando colmeias, que se enrolam para formar cilindros que possuem um raio de poucos nanometros. Apesar do raio dos nanotubos ser usualmente por volta de alguns nanometros, nao ha restrigao quanto ao seu comprimento, e CNTs de alguns centimetros podem ser observados,〇 que os classifica como estrutura nanometricas ID. A Figura 1 mostra uma representagao esquematica de dois tamanhos de CNTs.

Diversos estudos tem se focado nas propriedades dos CNTs, alguns utilizando tecnicas experimentals e outros utilizando simulagdes computacionais, devido a alta complexidade nas medigoes de algumas propriedades em nanoestruturas, como resistencia mecanica a tragao ou compressao, Destes trabalhos, uma propriedade

potencialmente interessante dos nanotubos e a excelente 36/49 ^lli Lf % t? Bfc,,Y 8· —^

condutividade elétrica destes (< IO6 l/Q.cm), e a observável diminuição desta condutividade com aumento da temperatura. Esta diminuição é o oposto do observado para materiais metálicos o que é resultado de um mecanismo de transmissão eletrônica diferenciado, abrindo uma nova perspectiva da ampliação da condutividade de ligas metálicas, em particular em altas temperaturas.

Uma possível forma de exploração dessas propriedades é a aplicação de filmes finos de CNTs na superfície de materiais metálicos. Esses filmes poderiam conferir as propriedades dos nanotubos para o material base, podendo ser explorados em dispositivos de emissão, suporte de catalisadores, eletrodos de alta área de superfície para células combustível, capacitores e condutores eletrônicos de alto desempenho.

EPD - Deposição Eletroforética de Nanotubos de Carbono Uma das técnicas mais economicamente viáveis e eficientes para aplicação e controle de filmes de CNTs é a deposição eletroforética (EPD - Electrophoretic Deposition). Nesse processo, os nanotubos são inicialmente tratados quimicamente para funcionalização, ou seja, as extremidades dos tubos são quebradas quimicamente e formam grupos carregados eletricamente, como carboxilas ou grupos sulfonados.

Conforme ilustra a figura 2, esses nanotubos funcionalizados CNT(F) são então dispersos em um solvente (S), formando uma suspensão. Um campo elétrico é então aplicado à suspensão entre dois eletrodos EM(-) e EM(+), sendo um deles o substrato onde se deseja fazer o 37 Z4 9 ^ftl depósito de nanotubos. Como os nanotubos estão carregados eletricamente após a funcionalização, há migração e deposição destes CNT(D) no substrato (eletrodo de carga oposta). Os campos elétricos aplicados são usualmente baixos (<20V) em meios aquosos, sendo a corrente elétrica também baixa (<50mA), o que confere custos razoáveis de aplicação do processo.

0 processo de EPD pode ser feito utilizando-se suspensões com os mais diversos solventes. Em particular para nanotubos, há relatos da literatura com estudos utilizando H2O como solvente, ou etanol, isopropanol, metanol, ou ainda misturas destes componentes em diferentes proporções. Os solventes apolares são usualmente aplicadas devido à alta pressão de vapor, que confere uma secagem rápida dos filmes, ou ainda devido à baixa constante dielétrica, que permite a utilização de altas tensões durante a deposição, o que propicia maiores taxas de deposição. No entanto, quando tratamos de alinhamento e organização de nanotubos durante a deposição, altas taxas de deposição podem prejudicar a homogeneidade esperada. Portanto, os melhores resultados referentes A organização dos nanotubos tem sido obtidos com a utilização de baixas tensões e utilizando H2O como solvente.

Objetivos Tecnológicos e Ambientais

Portanto, o objetivo do aperfeiçoamento é utilizar a elevada condutividade eletrônica dos nanotubos de carbono para amplificar a condução em fios e cabos elétricos de alumínio através de aplicação de um fino filme de nanotubos pela técnica de deposição 38/49 J- \ * S t

eletroforética.

Com o filme depositado, os fios de alumínio apresentariam uma condutividade mais elevada com relação ao material convencional e esta não seria afetada pelo aumento da temperatura devido ao mecanismo de condução dos nanotubos. Como nos circuitos de distribuição as perdas de energia mais significativas são provocadas pelo efeito joule, devido á passagem de corrente elétrica nos condutores, a redução dessas perdas pode "10 ser conseguida por meio da elevação da capacidade de condução elétrica do material utilizado.

Para tornar o produto economicamente viável, a técnica de aplicação dos nanotubos de carbono e a camada realmente necessária foram cuidadosamente estudadas de maneira que, após a avaliação do custo relativo da fabricação industrial, apontamos uma alta potencialidade de aplicação, aumentando o mercado de aplicação de ligas de alumínio para cabos elétricos.

Do ponto de vista ambiental, sendo os cabos de alumínio com nanotubos melhores condutores, a economia de energia elétrica e a promoção da utilização de cabos de alumínio nas linhas de transmissão, surgem como objetivos complementares do trabalho. Isto é, o uso de almas de alumínio em cabos de transmissão requer máquinas menores e mais econômicas para transporte e instalação devido à sua baixa densidade se comparado com o aço, reduzindo assim a emissão dos motores que afetam a qualidade de ar e causam mudanças climáticas.

Procedimentos Experimentais Fios de Alumínio e de Aço Fls. * ,, — 5

Para o estudo comparativo da aplicação de nanotubos de carbono em cabos de alumínio foram ensaiados fios de 100% alumínio (PirelliR) e fios de aço comerciais (ConduelliR) , usados para instalações elétricas com diâmetro de l,2mm e comprimentos variados (~10-15 cm) .

Deposição dos Filmes de CNT

Neste ensaio foram utilizadas nanotubos de carbono de parede simples (SWNT - Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes). Os nanotubos foram adquiridos da empresa Sig ma-AIdrich e foram funcionalizados através de processo de funcionalização ácida já conhecido pelo estado da técnica. Foi preparada uma solução 7 M de ácido nítrico, onde 5mg de nanotubos de carbono foram adicionados. A solução final foi colocada em refluxo por 5 horas. Para purificação dos nanotubos a solução foi submetida à centrifugação a 3000 rpm por 15 minutos. Esse processo foi repetido por 3 vezes ate que o pH se tornasse maior do que 2 e todos os carbonos amoríos fossem removidos (oriundos de contaminações prévias e de resíduos da reação das extremidades dos nanotubos), restando assim apenas nanotubos de carbono com as extremidades rompidas. Foi adicionado hidróxido de potássio até o pH atingir a valor de 7, que são as condições ideais para realização a deposição eletroforética.

Os filmes de nanotubos de carbono foram depositados a partir do processo de deposição eletroforética. Os nanotubos funcionalizados são movimentados pela aplicação de um campo elétrico na suspensão onde eles encontram-se distribuídos. A espessura do filme depositado pode ser regulada pelo tempo no qual o sistema é deixado no sistema de EPD. Isto é, quanto maior o tempo de aplicação de tensão maior a espessura. Os fios de alumínio foram submetidos em urna suspensão de concentração constante de 0,05 mg/mL à uma tensão constante de 5V e corrente de 30 a 50 mA sendo desligado após 10 minutos de deposição.

A figura 3 mostra a representação esquemática da camara para deposição especialmente montada para este ensaio, por onde se verifica o processo de deposição eletroforética (EPD), porém, "F" indica o fio de alumínio com carga positiva e "CE" indica o centro eletrodo que é uma câmara cilíndrica e "S" indica a suspensão com nanotubos de carbono. Desta maneira, a câmara consta do fio de alumínio F como eletrodo central (positivo) e um contra-elétrodo CE (negativo) metálico na parte externa. Neste ensaio o contra-eletrodo foi produzido com alumínio para evitar problemas com oxidação que poderiam contaminar a amostra de nanotubos de carbono. No interior do contra-eletrodo, que basicamente era um cilindro selado em uma das extremidades, a suspensão de nanotubos foi adicionada.

Medidas Elétricas

As medidas elétricas para caracterização dos fios foram realizadas utilizando um equipamento Keithley 4200CS Semiconductor Characterirator System acoplado com Keithley 590CV Analyter e um Microprovador Cascade Microtech. Os fios foram testados todos sobre as mesmas condições aplicando uma tensão de 1,0V no fio, a corrente foi monitorada para obtenção da resistividade 41/49 / w % --

i> κ»*

elétrica de cada um deles. Como o comportamento elétrico dos fios de alumínio revestidos com nanotubos de carbono foi ôhmico, a condutividade foi calculada a partir da segunda lei de Ohm.

Microscópio Eletrônico de Transmissão e de Varredura

Os nanotubos após a funcionalização foram caracterizados via Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET) para observar o formato e dimensões dos nanotubos a serem aplicados no processo de EPD. O equipamento utilizado foi um JEOL LTD, Modelo JEM-2100.

Os fios de alumínio revestidos com nanotubos de carbono foram caracterizados por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura para verificar a espessura e homogeneidade dos filmes obtidos. 0 equipamento utilizado foi um Quanta 600 FEG, FEI Company, utilizando 5kV e recobrimento de platina nas amostras contendo os nanotubos.

Resultados e Discussão

Deposição Eletroforética dos Nanotubos de Carbono 0 resultado da funcionalização dos nanotubos de

carbono é a geração de cargas nas extremidades de cada um deles. Essas cargas podem ser moduladas com o pH da suspensão, deixando-as maiores ou menores, de modo a variar a mobilidade eletroforética dos nanotubos. As medidas destas cargas podem ser representadas por um potencial chamado Potencial Zeta. Esse potencial é a carga do nanotubo na camada de cisalhamento quando este esta sob movimentação eletroforética. A Figura 4 mostra a variação do Potencial Zeta de nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados (SWNTs) em função do pH. Nota-se que em

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pHs baixos o sistema tem cargas relativamente baixas, e estas cargas aumentam (em módulo) até atingir cerca de - 7 OmV em pH 6. A partir deste ponto as cargas são relativamente estáveis. Baseado neste gráfico, a suspensão de nanotubos neste trabalho foi acertada para pH 7 utilizando hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) para tal. Isso porque além de possuir um elevado potencial zeta (eficaz para EPD), o pH=7 é considerado neutro, resultado em pouco ou nenhum ataque químico na superfície dos metais de trabalho. Ademais, em pH=7, unidades de carbono amorfo (AP-SWNT), presentes como impurezas e como resultados da reação de funcionalização, têm carga zero. Isso garante que eles podem ser separados dos nanotubos, evitando contaminações no material de depósito. Para as amostras deste ensaio, após a

funcionalização química, a massa total de nanotubos de carbono inicial foi reduzida em 22%. Esta porcentagem está associada aos carbonos amorfos. A figura 5 mostra uma microscopia de transmissão dos nanotubos de carbono purificados e funcionalizados.

Figura 5 é uma microscopia eletrônica de transmissão dos nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados (purified SWNTs) mostrando as extremidades de dois deles. A escala da Foto 4 de 20nm, indicando o tamanho do nanotubo em cerca de 20 a 30nm de espessura.

0 procedimento de funcionalização poderia ser evitado caso fossem adquiridos diretamente nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados, disponíveis no mercado. No entanto, os nanotubos de carbono não funcionalizados custam aproximadamente US$ 280,00 por grama, enquanto 43/49 g }C

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que os nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados tem custo de aproximadamente US$ 1.200,00 por grama. Ou seja, aproximadamente 400% de diferença. Considerando a aplicação industrial deste processo, pode-se considerar a funcionalização local dos nanotubos, pois o processo é relativamente simples como detalhado na seção experimental.

Com os nanotubos funcionalizados foi realizada EPD nos fios de alumínio utilizando o aparato descrito na Figura 3. Imagens da deposição dos nanotubos de carbono na superfície dos fios de alumínio são mostradas na Figura 6. Observa-se uma cobertura efetiva da superfície do alumínio, com os nanotubos aderidos como "raízes". Essa adesão garante que as propriedades dos nanotubos estariam sendo transmitidas para o fio metálico como esperado. A espessura do fio pode ser estimada em apenas cerca de 90nm, o que seriam dois nanotubos empilhados no deposito.

A Figura 6 ilustra uma imagem de microscopia eletrônica de Varredura dos nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados (purified SWNTs) depositados na superfície do Fio de alumínio, Na esquerda uma foto de um pedaço do fio de alumínio com a cobertura de nanotubos, invisível a olho nu. Na direita observa-se que há a formação de uma camada bem aderida dos nanotubos, com profundidade de cerca de um a três nanotubos (i.e. <90nm).

Apesar de na Figura 6 a superfície parecer rugosa devido a presença dos nanotubos, cabe observar a escala da figura (500nm). Deste modo, em uma observação

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macroscópica não é evidenciada a presença de um filme expressivo, não afetando propriedades macroscópicas do fio, como visto na foto do fio recoberto de nanotubos também na Figura 6.

De fato o filme aplicado pode ser removido através de raspagem. Para assegurar sua permanência durante a operação, recomendaríamos a aplicação de uma resina (verniz) sobre os fios para evitar a deterioração do nanofilme. Na seção Aplicação em Escala Industrial, esta etapa de aplicação do verniz é inserida no processo de montagem de um fio de alumínio potencializado com nanotubos.

Medidas Elétricas

A propriedade mais relevante no trato de sistemas de transmissão de energia é a condutividade elétrica do material. Deste modo, medidas desta grandeza foram realizadas em fios de diferentes comprimentos de alumínio puro e alumínio com a camada de nanotubos de carbono aderidos na superfície. Os resultados de condutividade são apresentados na Tabela I. Comparativamente, observa-se que a condutividade do fio de alumínio contendo o filme de nanotubos (Alumínio + CNT) é 165% maior que aquela medida para os fios de alumínio puro. Esse aumento de condutividade elétrica mostra o sucesso na aplicação dos nanotubos para aumento do desempenho de fios de transmissão. Ademais, cabe notar que, como esperado, tanto a condutividade do alumínio como para o Alumínio+CNT são maiores que aquela medida para o aço. TABELA 1 Medidas de Condutividade elétrica em diferentes fios evidenciando o aumento de condutividade elétrica obtido pela camada de nanotubos de carbono Material do fio elétrico Condutividade (1/Ω.mm) Alumínio 26,3 (±7) Alumínio + CNT 45,3 (±1) Aço 22,5 (±1)

Com o dado de condutividade elétrica do composto Alumínio + CNT é possível fazer uma estimativa do ganho do uso deste novo tipo de dispositivo na transmissão de energia elétrica.

0 cabo atualmente usado para transmissão de energia em 88kV e 250A e o Grosbeak 636 MCM, que apresenta resistividade elétrica de 0,0883 Ω/km.

TABELA 2 Dados dos cabos elétricos comerciais utilizados no sistema de transmissão FORMAÇAO Bitola AWG-MCM Diâmetro nominal (mm) CABO DE ALUMÍNIO CABO DE AÇO Resistência elétrica em CC a 20°C (Ω/km) Número de fios Diâmetro dos fios (mm) Número de fios Diâmetro dos fios (mm) Diâmetro nominal (mm) 636 3x3,09 26 3, 97 7 3,09 9,27 0,0883 1/10 3x3,12 7 3,12 - - 9,36 0,0535

Considerando a energia de transmissão usual (88kV com 250A de corrente) , as perdas por efeito Joule para os fios convencionais de aço (Tabela 2) usados em linhas de transmissão (636) pode ser estimada em 5,5 kW/km. Se fossem substituídos por fios de alumínio comerciais (1/10) (Tabela 2), esta perda seria estimada em apenas 3,3 kW/km. Deste modo, a simples substituição já traria uma economia significativa pela redução das perdas. Quando analisamos a possibilidade de aplicação dos fios ^deV 4 6/4 9 ^ -

de alumínio recobertos com nanotubos, esta perda cai para 1,97 kW/km, isto é, uma redução de aproximadamente 65% na perda. Este dado é resultado do aumento significativo da condutividade do fio contendo nanotubos.

Aplicação em Escala Industrial

Analisando os resultados promissores no aumento da condução eletrônica a partir da criação de uma nanocamada de nanotubos de carbono na superfície de fios elétricos de alumínio, pensa-se na possibilidade de aplicação do processo em escala industrial. Em verdade, o método EPD pode ser considerado um método de fácil introdução em um ambiente Industrial. Como descrito anteriormente, o fio deve ser carregado positivamente e ser mergulhado em uma suspensão onde os nanotubos estarão carregados negativamente. Assim, há migração e deposição espontânea dos nanotubos para a superfície dos fios.

Durante a fabricação de fios e cabos de alumínio, uma barra é laminada até redução de seu perfil no ponto onde pode ser trefilada para tornar-se cilíndrica, e assim trefilada para atingir os diâmetros de fios elétricos desejados.

A Figura 7 mostra esquematicamente um processo de obtenção de fios a partir de barras de alumínio BA que passa por rolos de laminação RL e, em seguida, por trefiladores TF após os quais o fio produzido (F) está na bitola desejada para ser bobinado.

Na figura 7 é uma representação esquemática da produção de fios de alumínio com sugestão onde acoplar a etapa de deposição eletroforética de nanotubos de carbono.

Após a trefilação final, o fio pode passar por um recobrimento polimérico para evitar a formação de óxido superficial, ou simplesmente ser enrolado em bobinas para comercialização. A etapa de incorporação dos nanotubos de carbono poderia ser feita após a última trefilação e anteriormente a aplicação do recobrimento polimérico, ou seja, ao longo do processo continuo, o fio deveria ser mergulhado em uma suspensão de nanotubos de carbono contida em um cilindro. Este cilindro metálico seria carregado negativamente, enquanto uma carga positiva seria aplicada no fio. Como a tensão e correntes de deposição são baixas, o custo energético seria baixo, tomando o processo interessante do ponto de vista de operacionalização.

De fato, o maior problema associado à introdução dos nanotubos nos fios de alumínio é o custo dos nanotubos em si (~US$ 280,00). Em uma analise primária do custo de uma camada de nanotubos de carbono em fios de alumínio, pode-se estimar um aumento de custo de R$ 3,00 por metro de fio obtido. Esse valor pode parecer alto, mas apesar da perda no custo tecnológico, o ganho na diminuição da perda de energia elétrica com a utilização destes fios recobertos na transmissão de energia em longas distâncias compensaria com saldo positivo o custo de fabricação.

Conclusões e Perspectivas

Neste trabalho foi apresentado um fio de alumínio com uma camada superficial de nanotubos de carbono. Este 48/49

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novo produto apresentou condutividade elétrica 165% maior que os fios de alumínio usuais, mostrando um grande potencial para substituição de fios e cabos elétricos nos sistemas de transmissão, reduzindo as perdas do sistema.

0 custo de aplicação industrial foi considerando, e apesar do elevado valor dos nanotubos de carbono, a inclusão no processo industrial atual de fabricação de fios de alumínio é relativamente simples, e os ganhos operacionais nas diminuições de perdas energética pela substituição dos fios elétricos atuais superam em muito os custos de fabricação do novo dispositivo.

Será compreendido que determinadas

características do condutor em questão podem variar consideravelmente mantendo-se o mesmo conceito funcional para o conjunto, conseqüentemente, nota-se que a construção ora descrita em detalhes à título de exemplo está claramente sujeita a variações construtivas, porém, sempre dentro do escopo do conceito inventivo ora revelado de um cabo ou fio condutor elétrico composto por uma alma metálica preferivelmente de alumínio com uma cobertura de espessura nanométrica de nanotubos de carbono, e como muitas modificações podem ser feitas na configuração ora detalhada de acordo com as exigências descritivas da lei, é entendido que os detalhes presentes devam ser interpretados como de forma

ilustrativa e não limitadora.

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Claims (5)

1.) APERFEIÇOAMENTO EM CABO PAPA CONDUÇÃO DE ELETRICIDADE, caracterizado pelo fato de compreender um revestimento com espessura nanométrica composta de nanotubos de carbono, revestimento este aplicado em uma alma metálica de uma liga adequada de alumínio ou com predominância de alumínio.

2.) APERFEIÇOAMENTO EM CABO PARA CONDUÇÃO DE ELETRICIDADE, caracterizado pelo fato de a referida camada de I nanotubos de carbono ser aplicada preferivelmente mediante as seguintes etapas: a) funcionalização dos nanotubos de carbono em solução de ácido nítrico e refluxo por 4 horas, seguido de lavagem com água usando centrifuga até que o pH atinja 2,5; b) ajuste do pH para aproximadamente 7 usando solução de hidróxido de sódio (NaOH); c) preparação de um mistura de água com nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados formando uma suspensão com concentração de 0,05mg/ml; d) deposição eletroforética (EPD), que consiste basicamente na deposição dos nanotubos sobre a superfície da alma de alumínio via aplicação de um campo elétrico com baixa corrente; e e) o fio ou cabo já com a camada de nanotubos de carbono passa por uma etapa final para receber uma barreira protetora na forma de revestimento polimérico, opcional, para evitar danos ao filme de nanotubos de carbono.

3.) APERFEIÇOAMENTO EM CABO PARA CONDUÇÃO DE ELETRICIDADE, de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracterizado pelo fato de a alma metálica ser uma liga com predominância de cobre, aço inox ou outro componente compatível com o processo de deposição eletroforética.

4.) APERFEIÇOAMENTO EM CABO PARA CONDUÇÃO DE ELETRICIDADE, de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracterizado pelo fato de no processo de deposição eletroforética o cabo ser colocado dentro de um cilindro metálico preenchido com a dispersão de nanotubos de carbono em água, baixas tensões (<5V) e baixas correntes (<50mA) são aplicadas por alguns minutos (<5min) com o eletrodo positivo ligado ao fio, de modo que os nanotubos de carbono possam migram para o fio e se depositarem formando um filme fino.

5.) APERFEIÇOAMENTO EM CABO PARA CONDUÇÃO DE ELETRICIDADE, de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracterizado pelo fato de a espessura do filme variar de 20-100nm.