BRPI0904349A2 - organic mineral fertilizer for plant development and use in the control of phytonmatodes, other diseases and insect resident pests in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

ORGANIC-MINERAL FERTILIZER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS AND USE IN THE CONTROL OF PHYTONEMATOIDS, OTHER DISEASES AND INSECTS PEST RESIDENTS IN THE SOIL The present invention consists of the formulation of an organic-mineral fertilizer based on castor cake enriched with other vegetable residues (straw or coffee husk, rice, sunflower cake, jatropha cake), animals (cattle manure, chicken litter, humus), urban (sewage sludge), industrial (industrial oven slag), not only restricted to these , mixed with macronutrients (potassium and phosphorus), micronutrients (boron, zinc, copper and manganese) and biological control microorganisms of phytonematodes (Pochonia chlamydosporia, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Arthrobotiys olígospora, Trichoderma spp., Pasteuria penetrrans, only these) and the use for the control of phytomatodes, other pathogens and insect pests of plants residing in the soil. The invention will be applied in the agricultural sector to replace highly toxic pesticides without risk to humans and the environment.

Description

"ORGANIC MINERAL FERTILIZER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS AND USE IN THE CONTROL OF PHYTONEMATOIDS, OTHER DISEASES AND INSECTS RESIDENT PEST IN THE SOIL"

The present invention consists in the formulation of an organic mineral fertilizer based on castor bean cake enriched with other vegetable residues (straw or coffee husk, rice, sunflower cake, jatropha pie), animals (cattle manure, litter (humus), urban (sewage sludge), industrial (industrial kiln slag), not only restricted to them, mixed with macronutrients (potassium and phosphorus), micronutrients (boron, zinc, emanganese copper) and biological control microorganisms. phytonmatodes (Pochoniachlamydosporia, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Arthrobotrys oligospora, Trichodermaspp., Pasteuria penetrans, rhizobacteria, not only restricted to them) and the use of this organic mineral mineral for the control of plant parasitic nematodes, other soil-dwelling plant pathogens, and bacteria, soil einsects, promoting better plant development.

This invention will be applied in the agricultural sector as an alternative to control the phytonematode infestation and other phytopathogens and insects of most different crop types, such as in large crops, fruit growing, olericulture, spices, ornamentals, forests, organic farming and protected crops, without the risk of toxicity and contamination of humans, other animals and the environment, and, furthermore, promote a better development of plants, because they have in their formulation, nutrients in a balanced way.

State of the Art

Among soil organisms that cause disease in plants, nematodes are the most difficult to eradicate, have high costs involved in their control, and cause large losses in agriculture around the world, making cultivation in certain areas unfeasible. These losses are estimated at 12 percent of agricultural production, representing about $ 100 billion in annual damage worldwide. In addition to reducing the amount of foodstuffs produced, phytonoids also depreciate the quality of roots, tubers and bulbs such as carrots, yams, potatoes, ginger, garlic and onion, causing these products to be rejected at the time of purchase.

The control of phytomatodes is, in most cases, based on the use of chemicalenemalides, but these pesticides have had limited space in the world agriculture, mainly from the 80's, with the withdrawal of several products from the market, due to their persistence in the soil. groundwater contamination and harmful effects on humans and the planet's fauna and on causing ozone depletion. Added to these factors are the high costs and temporary efficiency of some products. A glimpse of new nematode control tactics, due to the growing public pressure for less environmentally impacting agriculture and the lack of development of new safer and more efficient nematicide formulations, lead to the search for alternative and ecologically safe methods for nematode control.

Alternative control methods, such as the application of plant residues, have been studied for the management of phytoparasite nematodes. Incorporating plant organic matter into the soil has been successful in controlling nematodes adopted by farmers since the beginning of the last century. The mechanisms associated with this technique are attributed, in part, to factors such as the improvement of soil physical and chemical characteristics, resulting in better plant development, besides the increase in the population of nematode antagonist microorganisms, such as nematophagous fungi, rhizobacteria and insect, predatory mites and nematodes of other phytononeids. The recomposition of these residues results in the release of toxic products to the nematodes, promoting rapid reduction of their populations. Thus, the suppression of phytomatodes by the use of organic matter is probably based on a complex mode of action involving multiple mechanisms (GONZAGA, V. and FERRAZ, S. 1994. Effect of incorporating the aerial part of some plant species on the control of Meloidogyne incognita race 3. Brazilian nematology, 18: 42-49; CHAVARRÍA-CARVAJAL, JA and RODRÍGUEZ-KÁBANA, R. 1998. Changes in soil enzymatic activity and control of Meloidogyneincognita using four organic changes Nematropica, 28: 7-18; , CR 2002. Control of Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne spp. By forage grasses. Federal University of Viçosa, PhD Thesis in Plant Pathology, Viçosa, 78p.).

Reductions in phytonematoid populations have occurred during the decomposition of organic matter, as the release of toxic products to phytoparasitic nematodes, such as acetic, butyric and propionic acids, in addition to ammonia and nitrite. Castor bean cake is rich in a toxic substance, ricin, which can be lethal to phytonoids, as well as making it difficult to move in the soil and penetrate the roots of plants. Castor bean cake significantly reduced the population of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato, bell pepper and melon, Meloidogyne ssp. and Scutellonema bradys in yam and Pratylenchusdelattrei in crossandra (ornamental) (AKHTAR, M. and MAHMOOD, I. 1994. Prophylactic and therapeutic use of oilcakes and seeds of neem and castorextracts for the control of root-knot nematode on chilli. Mediterranean Nematology, 22: 127-129; JOTHI, G.; BABU, RS; RAMAKRISHNAN, S. & RAJENDRAN, G.2004. Management of root Iesion nematode, Pratylenchus delattrei in crossandrausing oil cakes Bioresource Technology, 93: 257-259 .; ELBADRI, GAA; LEE, DW; PARK, JC & CHOO, HY 2009. Nematicidal efficacy of herbal powders on unknown Myeloidogyne (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) on potted watermelon.JournalofAsia-PacificEntomoIogy, 12: 37-39.).

Castor bean cake, other residues and nematode biocontrol microorganisms are mixed with macros and micronutrients and introduced into the soil as an organic mineral fertilizer. Patent CN1445203 relates to the process of formulating castor-cake organic-mineral fertilizer, other organic waste and mineral fertilizers, and is not the object of this application.

PI0204652-0 relates to an organic-mineral fertilizer based on carbonized rice husk enriched with castor bean cake, macro and micronutrients. PI0703936-0 relates to an organic-mineral compound fertilizer consisting of several components. However, concentrations and components differ from the present patent application. Fertilizers from patents PI0204652-0 and PI0703936-0 cannot be used in organic agriculture because they use nutrient sources that are not compliant with organic certifying companies, but this applicant application can use mineral sources that are compliant. with these certifiers. In addition, the use of these products does not reduce nematode activity and other soil pests.

PI0703934-4 relates to a multi-component organo-mineral compound fertilizer. However, it does not make reference to castor bean cake or its use in the control of phytonmatodes and other pests and diseases of the soil.

The patent PI0204897-3 relates to the creation of a biodegradable polyol or polyurethane based foam enriched with castor bean cake and carbonized rice husk for the replacement of non-biodegradable plastic fuses and pots, which is not the purpose of this patent application.

In addition, the organic-mineral fertilizer, object of the present filing application, may serve as a vehicle for defytematode biological control microorganisms and may be added to increase control efficiency. Patent PI0605722-5 also cites the possibility of adding antagonistic microorganisms to nematodes in processed papaya pumpkin seed products. However, the present patent application refers to the use of mineral-organic fertilizer as the carrier of these microorganisms, rather than papaya and pumpkin seed products.

The formulation of organic mineral fertilizers is an innovative possibility of conveying organic matter from industrial residues, the example of castor bean cake, with other residues that are efficient in controlling phytoparasite nematodes, such as coffee husk, other vegetable pies, and biocontrol agents. , in order to act together, in addition to bringing the necessary nutrients for plant development.

The development of this invention was motivated by the fact that it is extremely important to reduce the phytonematoid populations in the early phase of the crops. As it is necessary to apply a product in the soil to control these nematodes, it is desirable that it has nutritional characteristics that will support a good initial development of the plant, that is, instead of doing two operations in the planting area - fertilization and application of denematicides can One operation can be done, reducing the population of nematodes and improving soil fertility.

The aim of the present invention is to generate a castor bean-based organic-mineral fertilizer enriched with other vegetable waste (coffee, rice husk, sunflower cake, jatropha pie), animals (cattle manure, chicken litter). , humus), urban (sewage sludge), industrial (industrial kiln slag), macronutrients (potassium and phosphorus), micronutrients (boron, zinc, copper and manganese) and biocontrol microorganisms (Pochoniachlamydosporía, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Arthrobotich oligospora, ., Pasteuria penetrans, not only restricted to rhizobacteria), for use in the control of phytonematoids and other soil pathogens and insects. No organic mineral fertilizers were found in domestic or foreign trade that had such characteristics.

Advantages of the present invention

Castor bean cake is easily obtained at low cost because it is waste from industries such as biofuels refineries. Its use in the formulation of organic mineral fertilizer helps in the recycling of industrial waste; enables the development of a non-toxic human input that will replace highly toxic pesticides and pollutants; They are in line with the government's policy of encouraging ecologically friendly practices that can be placed in the context of sustainable and organic agriculture. The organic-mineral fertilizer, which is the subject of a patent application, can be applied to the soil without special protective equipment needed for chemical pesticide application; It assists in the activity of beneficial soil microorganisms and also conveys other organisms useful in the control of denematodes, such as nematophagous fungi, rhizobacteria and endospore-forming bacteria. The invention, which is the subject of a patent application, supplies nutrients in a balanced manner, slowly releasing them; decreases denitrogen loss from rainfall, irrigation and volatilization; increases plant resistance during summer periods; improves aeration and increases water infiltration into the soil and thereby reduces erosion; Helps counteract the acidity of chemical fertilizers by providing calcium in the formulation; The invention provides the development of the plant by the best balance of soil fertility and the greater utilization of nutrients, where it becomes a gain in productivity, quality and profitability.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Organic mineral fertilizer is comprised of the following balanced mixture formulas: 40% to 90% castor cake; 15% to 22% of other vegetable pies (sunflower pie, jatropha pie not only restricted to these), and / or industrial or urban wastes (sewage sludge, industrial oven slag not only restricted to these), and / or other vegetable residues (straw or cascade coffee, rice, soybeans not only restricted to them), and / or animal residues (cattle manure, chicken litter, humus not only restricted to them); 1% to 8% of biological control microorganisms of phytomatodes (Pochoniachlamydosporia, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Arthrobotrys oligospora, Trichodermaspp., Pasteuria penetrans and rhizobacteria); 1.5% to 5% of potassium fertilizers (potassium chloride, potassium sulfate not only restricted to them); 10% to 45% phosphate deferensants (reactive natural phosphate, simple superphosphate, thermophosphate, MAP-monoammonium phosphate not only restricted to these); 0.1% to 0.45% boron-containing defertilizers (borax, boric acid not only restricted to them); 0.1% to 0.6% of zinc-containing fertilizers (zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, not restricted to them); 0,05% to 0,5% of cupric fertilizers (copper sulphate, oxidocoupric, cuprous oxide not only restricted to them); 0.1% to 0.6% of manganese-containing fertilizers (manganous sulphate, manganese oxide, not only estes restricted).

The organic mineral fertilizer may receive the addition of phytomatode biological control microorganisms, such as nematophagous fungi (Poehonia chlamydosporia, Paecilomyees lilacinus, Arthrobotrys oligospora, not only restricted to them), mycoparasite fungi (Trichoderma spp.) Extracted from various genera. rhizosphere, rhizoplane or from within plant roots or endospore-forming abacteria Pasteuria penetrans, in the most diverse combinations to increase the spectrum of action on more than one group of soil pathogens.

The invention proposes the innovative use of industrial waste material, promoting recycling while controlling phytonematoids and other phytopathogens and soil insects, and promoting better plant development due to their nutrient-balanced formulation. be formulated by the mineral fertilizer industries, the castor oil crushing industries, and small farmers.

Demo Experiment

The use of the invention is exemplified below and the example is descriptively for the purpose of illustration.

The effect of organic-mineral fertilizer application was compared to conventional fertilization for planting coffee in natural clay soil on the population of Meloidogyne exigua. Witnesses were represented by plants cultivated in non-pellonematoid or infested soils only and by the addition of organic mineral fertilizer or conventional fertilization in non-infested soils.

Castor bean cake, coffee straw and some of the fertilizers allowed in organic agriculture were combined with the two isolates of nematophagous fungi and mycoparasites (Pochonia chlamydosporia and Trichoderma sp.).

For the production of 1 kg of organic-mineral fertilizer, the following were mixed: a) 171.6 g of coconut coffee husk; b) 429 g of castor cake; c) 257.4 g of reactive natural phosphate; d) 25.7 g of potassium sulfate; e) 3.0 g of boric acid; f) 4.3 g zinc sulfate; g) 1.7 g of copper sulfate; h) 4.3 g of sulfatomanganous; i) 51.5 g of substrate colonized by Pochonia chlamydosporia, and, j) 51.5 g of substrate colonized by Trichoderma sp.

Fifteen kilograms of clay soil were homogenized in a 582.75 g mixer of organic mineral fertilizer or fertilizers used in conventional fertilizer and then placed in 15 L plastic pots. The soil of each pot was infested with 5,000 Meloidogyne eggs require, upturned and kept at 60% of field capacity for 15, days. After this period, a 'Catuaí Vermelho IAC 44' coffee seedling with 5 pairs of leaves was transplanted to each pot.

Six months after seedling transplantation, the fresh root mass and dry matter mass of the shoots, the height and number of leaves of the plants, the crown diameter, the number of galls and eggs of the seedlings were evaluated. root system nematode. In addition, chemical analyzes of the soil and nutrient content of the coffee tree were performed.

Results

The organic-mineral fertilizer, subject to patent application, in the presence or absence of the nematode, promoted the best growth of the saplings in clay soil, significantly increasing (P <0.05) leaf yield at 6 months and crown diameter, when compared to the treatment in which no fertilization was done in the soil (control) (Table 1).

Organic-mineral fertilizer also significantly increased (P <0.05) the height and dry matter mass of the shoot when compared with the control and the conventional fertilizer treatment. Fresh root matter mass was equal (P <0.05) in the treatments that received mineral-organic fertilizer and conventional fertilization (Table 1 and Table 2).

The organic-mineral fertilizer reduced the number of galls and eggs of Melidogyne exigua in the coffee roots (P <0.05), differing from the treatments that received the conventional fertilization and the control, where no fertilizer was applied. In addition, organic-mineral fertilizer reduced the number of juveniles (J2) per 100 cm3 of soil (P <0.05) when compared to the conventional fertilizer treatment (Table 3). The application of organic-mineral fertilizer before transplanting coffee seedlings tends to increase the levels of macro and micronutrients, and the CTC (cation exchange coefficient) of the soil, when compared to the natural soil that was not applied to the organic fertilizer. At the end of the experiment, after 6 months of coffee cultivation, the soil in which the organic-mineral fertilizer was incorporated tended to have higher levels of phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper and boron when compared to the soil that received conventional fertilization. This tendency increases when compared to soil that received no fertilizer (Table 4).

At the end of the experiment, the application of organic-mineral fertilizer increased the nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and boron content of coffee trees when compared to plants that received conventional fertilization (Table 5). Organic-mineral fertilizer proved to be viable for coffee plantation in cultivated areas where organic or conventional agriculture is used and an alternative for the control of Meloidogyne little.Table 1

<table> table see original document page 11 </column> </row> <table> Table 3. Effect of organic-mineral fertilizer application and conventional fertilization on clay soil on the number of galls and eggs of Meloidogyne exiguous by root system of coffee trees and the number of second stage juveniles (J2) in 100 cm3 of soil at 6 months after transplanting.

<table> table see original document page 12 </column> </row> <table>

1 Averages followed by the same letter in the column do not differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% probability. * For analysis, values were transformed to Logi0 (x) · For analysis, values were transformed to V (x). <table> table see original document page 13 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 14 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 15 </column> </row> <table>

Claims (3)

1.- "ORGANIC MINERAL FERTILIZER FOR PLANT DEVELOPMENT", comprising 40% to 90% of castor cake; 15% to 22% of other vegetable pies (sunflower pie, jellyfish pie, not only restricted to them), and / or industrial or urban waste (sewage sludge, industrial oven slag, not only restricted to these) and / or other vegetable residues (coffee straw or husk, rice, soybeans not only restricted to them), and / or animal residues (cattle manure, chicken litter, humus, not restricted to them); 1% to 8% of carriers of phytonmatode control microorganisms (Pochonia chlamydosporía, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Arthrobotrys oligospora, Trichoderma spp., Pasteuria penetrans, rhizobacteria, not only restricted to these); 1.5% to 5% of potassium fertilizers (potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, not only restricted to them); 10% to 45% phosphate deferensants (reactive natural phosphate, simple superphosphate, thermophosphate, MAP-monoammonium phosphate not only restricted to these); 0.1% to 0.45% of boron-containing fertilizers (borax, boric acid not only restricted to them) - 0.1% to 0.6% of zinc-containing fertilizers (zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, not only restricted to these); 0,05% to 0,5% of cupric fertilizers (copper sulfate, cupric oxide, cuprous oxide not only restricted to them); 0.1% to 0.6% manganese-containing defertilizers (manganous sulphate, manganese oxide, not restricted to them); 2. "ORGANIC MINERAL FERTILIZER FOR PLANT DEVELOPMENT" according to claim 1, characterized in that it has 1% to 8% carriers of biological control phythoenoid microorganisms, such as nematophagous fungi (Poehonia chlamydosporía, Paecilomyora lilacinigos, Arthrobes olthrotrus not only restricted to these), fungi mycoparasites (Trichoderma spp.), bacteria of various genera extracted from the rhizosphere, rhizoplane or from within plant roots, or the endospore-forming bacteria Pasteuria penetrans; 3. "USE OF DEFINED FERTILIZER IN CLAIMS 1 AND 2", characterized in that it is used in soil for the control of nematodes, bacteria or parasitic fungi of plants and soil insects.