BRPI0621003A2 - exhaust gas aftertreatment system - Google Patents

exhaust gas aftertreatment system Download PDF

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Publication number
BRPI0621003A2
BRPI0621003A2 BRPI0621003-1A BRPI0621003A BRPI0621003A2 BR PI0621003 A2 BRPI0621003 A2 BR PI0621003A2 BR PI0621003 A BRPI0621003 A BR PI0621003A BR PI0621003 A2 BRPI0621003 A2 BR PI0621003A2
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Brazil
Prior art keywords
catalytic converter
exhaust gas
scr catalytic
injector
scr
Prior art date
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BRPI0621003-1A
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Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Gert-Ove Wahlstroem
Paulina Ramfelt
Original Assignee
Volvo Lastvagnar Ab
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Publication of BRPI0621003A2 publication Critical patent/BRPI0621003A2/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/003—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using dead chambers communicating with gas flow passages
    • F01N1/006—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using dead chambers communicating with gas flow passages comprising at least one perforated tube extending from inlet to outlet of the silencer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F01N1/023—Helmholtz resonators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/0335—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2885—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/003—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using dead chambers communicating with gas flow passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

SISTEMA DE PóS-TRATAMENTO DE GáS DE EXAUSTãO. A presente invenção se refere a um sistema de pós-tratamento de gás de exaustão para tratamento de gases de exaustão a partir de um motor de combustão interna (10). O sistema compreende um conversor catalítico de fuligem (40) e um conversor catalítico de SCR (41), que reduz emissões de NOx por intermédio de um reagente entregue por intermédio de um injetor (25) localizado à montante do conversor catalítico de SCR (41) Em concordância com a presente invenção, o conversor catalítico de fuligem (40) está localizado entre o injetor (25) e o conversor catalítico de SCR (41).DUST-TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR EXHAUST GAS. The present invention relates to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for treating exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine (10). The system comprises a soot catalytic converter (40) and a SCR catalytic converter (41), which reduces NOx emissions through a reagent delivered via an injector (25) located upstream of the SCR catalytic converter (41 ) In accordance with the present invention, the soot catalytic converter (40) is located between the injector (25) and the SCR catalytic converter (41).

Description

"SISTEMA DE POS-TRATAMENTO DE GAS DE EXAUSTAO""EXHAUST GAS POST-TREATMENT SYSTEM"

CAMPO TÉCNICO DA PRESENTE INVENÇÃOTECHNICAL FIELD OF THIS INVENTION

A presente invenção se refere a um sistema de pós- tratamento de gás de exaustão para tratamento ©e gases de exaustão a partir de um motor de combustjb interna, compreendendo um conversor catalitico de fuligem e um conversor catalitico de SCRr que reduz emissões de NOx por intermédio de um reagente entregue por intermédio de um bocal localizado à montante do conversor catalitico de SCR.The present invention relates to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for treating and exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, comprising a soot catalytic converter and an SCRr catalytic converter that reduces NOx emissions by via a reagent delivered via a nozzle located upstream of the SCR catalytic converter.

PANORAMA DO ESTADO DA TÉCNICA DA PRESENTE INVENÇÃOOVERVIEW OF THE INVENTION TECHNICAL STATE

Requerimentos crescentes almejados em redução de emissões de exaustão a partir de caminhões pesados e ônibus estão conduzindo para sistemas sempre mais avançados de pós-tratamento de gás de exaustão. SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) (Redução Catalitica Seletiva) é um tal sistema para redução de emissões de NOx, em que um reagente, na forma de uma solução de uréia / água, por exemplo, é injetada à montante de um conversor catalitico de SCR. DPF (Diesel Particulate Filters) (Filtros de Particulado de Diesel), em que a fuligem é queimada por intermédio de NO2 (assim chamado CRT ou "Continuously Regenerating Trap" (Armadilha de Regeneração Continuamente), é um outro sistema que reduz emissões de particulado de motor (que consiste primordialmente de carbono) . NO2 é produzido por intermédio de um conversor catalitico de oxidação localizado à montante do filtro de particulado. Vários tipos de filtro de particulado existem, dos quais o assim chamado filtro de cordierita de "fluxo de parede" ("wall flow") tem sido o mais rotineiramente utilizado. Um outro tipo de filtro que emergido ultimamente é o assim chamado filtro de "fluxo de lado a lado" ("flow- through"). O último é caracterizado pelo fato de que possui uma redução de particulado inferior e é permeável à cinza, por intermédio disso não requerendo manutenção.Increasing demands on reducing exhaust emissions from heavy trucks and buses are leading to ever more advanced exhaust gas aftertreatment systems. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is such a system for reducing NOx emissions, in which a reagent in the form of a urea / water solution, for example, is injected upstream of a SCR catalytic converter. . DPF (Diesel Particulate Filters), where soot is burned through NO2 (so-called CRT or Continuously Regenerating Trap), is another system that reduces particulate emissions. NO2 is produced by means of an oxidation catalytic converter located upstream of the particulate filter. Several types of particulate filter exist, of which the so-called "wall flow" cordierite filter "(" wall flow ") has been the most routinely used. Another type of filter that has emerged lately is the so-called" flow-through "filter. The latter is characterized by the fact that which has a lower particulate reduction and is permeable to ash, thus requiring no maintenance.

Os requerimentos de emissão mais severos estão conduzindo a uma necessidade de combinação destes dois tipos de sistema de pós-tratamento de gás de exaustão, o que freqüentemente apresenta problemas de espaço de instalação insuficiente.More stringent emission requirements are leading to a need to combine these two types of exhaust gas aftertreatment system, which often has insufficient installation space issues.

Em sistemas de pós-tratamento de gás de exaustão combinados até agora conhecidos (SCR + DPF) , os sistemas compreendem componentes montados na seguinte ordem:In hitherto known combined exhaust gas aftertreatment (SCR + DPF) systems, the systems comprise components assembled in the following order:

Existem variantes em que um conversor catalitico de hidrólise pode também ser incorporado, primordialmente para o conversor catalitico de SCRr e o filtro de particulado pode ser cataliticamente revestido, por intermédio disso evitando o primeiro conversor catalitico de oxidação à jusante do motor. Todos eles são caracterizados, entretanto, pelo fato de que o filtro de particulado está localizado à montante da injeção de uréia. Isto foi essencial onde filtros de cordierita de "parede de fluxo" foram utilizados, devido para entre outras coisas o fato de que estes coletam de cinza, primordialmente sulfato de cálcio (isto é, qipsita), o que apresenta problemas se solução de uréia / água é injetada à montante. Eles são adicionalmente caracterizados pelo fato de que possuem uma massa consideravelmente porosa, que absorve a amônia formada e por intermédio disso torna dosagem de uréia transiente mais difícil.There are variants in which a hydrolysis catalytic converter may also be incorporated primarily to the SCRr catalytic converter and the particulate filter may be catalytically coated thereby avoiding the first downstream oxidation catalytic converter of the engine. All of them are characterized, however, by the fact that the particulate filter is located upstream of the urea injection. This was essential where "flow wall" cordierite filters were used due, among other things, to the fact that they collect ash, primarily calcium sulfate (ie qypsite), which presents urea solution problems. water is injected upstream. They are further characterized by the fact that they have a considerably porous mass which absorbs the formed ammonia and thereby makes transient urea dosing more difficult.

RESUMO DA PRESENTE INVENÇÃOSUMMARY OF THIS INVENTION

Um objetivo da presente invenção é, conseqüentemente, o de proporcionar um sistema de pós-tratamento de gás de exaustão que é mais compacto do que sistemas conhecidos.An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an exhaust gas aftertreatment system that is more compact than known systems.

O sistema de pós-tratamento de gás de exaustão em concordância com a presente invenção para tratamento de gases de exaustão a partir de um motor de combustão interna compreende um conversor catalítico de fuligem e um conversor catalítico de SCR, que reduz emissões de NOx por intermédio de um reagente entregue por intermédio de um bocal localizado à montante do conversor catalítico de SCRr e é caracterizado pelo fato de que o conversor catalítico de fuligem está localizado entre o bocal e o conversor catalítico de SCR. Esta concretização da disposição torna possível montagem de componentes de sistema múltiplos em uma unidade compacta. Concretizações exemplificativas vantajosas da presente invenção são estabelecidas nas reivindicações de patente dependentes posteriormente.The exhaust gas aftertreatment system according to the present invention for treating exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine comprises a soot catalytic converter and a SCR catalytic converter, which reduces NOx emissions by means of of a reagent delivered via a nozzle located upstream of the SCRr catalytic converter and is characterized by the fact that the soot catalytic converter is located between the nozzle and the SCR catalytic converter. This embodiment of the arrangement makes it possible to assemble multiple system components into one compact unit. Advantageous exemplary embodiments of the present invention are set forth in the dependent patent claims below.

BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DOS DESENHOS DA PRESENTE INVENÇÃOBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS OF THE INVENTION

A presente invenção irá ser descrita em maiores detalhes posteriormente, com referência para concretizações exemplificativas mostradas nas Figuras dos Desenhos acompanhantes, nos quais:The present invention will be described in more detail later, with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying Drawing Figures, in which:

A Figura 1 mostra uma representação esquemática de um motor de combustão interna possuindo um sistema de pós- tratamento de gás de exaustão em concordância com a presente invenção;Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas aftertreatment system in accordance with the present invention;

A Figura 2 mostra em maiores detalhes uma seção longitudinal através de uma unidade de tratamento fazendo parte do sistema pós-tratamento de gás de exaustão em concordância com a Figura 1; eFigure 2 shows in greater detail a longitudinal section through a treatment unit forming part of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system in accordance with Figure 1; and

A Figura 3 correspondentemente mostra uma seção transversal através da unidade de tratamento em concordância com a Figura 2.Figure 3 correspondingly shows a cross section through the treatment unit in accordance with Figure 2.

As Figuras são somente representações esquemáticas e a presente invenção não está limitada para as concretizações nelas representadas.The Figures are only schematic representations and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments depicted therein.

DESCRIÇÃO DE CONCRETIZAÇÕES PREFERIDAS DA PRESENTE INVENÇÃODESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

O motor de combustão interna (10) representado esquematicamente na Figura 1 compreende um bloco de motor (11) possuindo seis cilindros de pistão (12) com um manifold de admissão (13) e um manifold de exaustão (14). Gases de exaustão a partir do motor (10) são conduzidos por intermédio de uma linha de exaustão (15) para um rotor de turbina (17) de uma unidade turbocharger (16). O eixo de turbina (18) traciona a roda de compressor (19) da unidade turbocharger (16), que por intermédio de uma linha de admissão (20) comprime ar de entrada e entrega este ar por intermédio de um intercooler (21) para o manifold de admissão (13). Combustível é alimentado para cada cilindro (12) por intermédio de dispositivos de injeção (não mostrados). Embora a Figura 1 ilustre um motor de seis cilindros, a presente invenção pode também ser utilizada em conjunção com outras configurações de cilindro.The internal combustion engine (10) shown schematically in Figure 1 comprises an engine block (11) having six piston cylinders (12) with an intake manifold (13) and an exhaust manifold (14). Exhaust gases from the engine (10) are driven via an exhaust line (15) to a turbine rotor (17) of a turbocharger unit (16). The turbine shaft (18) pulls the compressor wheel (19) of the turbocharger unit (16), which by means of an inlet line (20) compresses inlet air and delivers this air through an intercooler (21) to the intake manifold (13). Fuel is fed to each cylinder (12) via injection devices (not shown). While Figure 1 illustrates a six-cylinder engine, the present invention may also be used in conjunction with other cylinder configurations.

Gases de exaustão que tenham passado através da unidade turbocharger (16) são conduzidos adiante por intermédio da linha de exaustão (22) para um conversor catalítico de oxidação (23) para a produção de NO2 para o fluxo de gás de exaustão. À jusante do conversor catalítico de oxidação (23) está uma unidade (24) para remoção de partículas de fuligem e NOx a partir do fluxo de gás de exaustão, unidade (24) que irá ser descrita com referência para Figura 2. Um injetor (25) para misturação de um reagente, tal como uréia ou amônia, por exemplo, para o fluxo de gás de exaustão, está localizado à jusante da unidade (24).Exhaust gases that have passed through the turbocharger unit (16) are carried forward via the exhaust line (22) to an oxidation catalytic converter (23) for the production of NO2 for the exhaust gas flow. Downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter (23) is a unit (24) for removing soot and NOx particles from the exhaust gas stream, unit (24) which will be described with reference to Figure 2. An injector ( 25) for mixing a reagent such as urea or ammonia, for example for the exhaust gas flow, is located downstream of the unit (24).

A unidade (24) compreende um alojamento cilíndrico oval (26) possuindo duas paredes de extremidade (27, 28) e três paredes de divisão internas (29, 30, 31). Uma tubulação de admissão (32) se estende a partir da lateral em e através do alojamento (26) e por intermédio de uma tubulação encurvada adiante na direção longitudinal do alojamento através de três paredes de divisão (29 - 31) para um espaço de distribuição (33) na parede de extremidade (27).The unit (24) comprises an oval cylindrical housing (26) having two end walls (27, 28) and three internal dividing walls (29, 30, 31). An intake pipe (32) extends from the side into and through the housing (26) and via a curved pipe forward in the longitudinal direction of the housing through three partition walls (29 - 31) to a distribution space. (33) on the end wall (27).

Duas unidades de conversor catalitico (34, 35) são montadas em paralelo, cada em sua tubulação no alojamento, referidas tubulações se estendendo através de três paredes de divisão (29 - 31) com vedação interna em relação para referidas paredes e vedação externa em relação para o alojamento externo (26), de maneira a formar dois espaços internos separados (36, 37) no alojamento. O espaço (36) situado o mais próximo para o espaço de distribuição (33) se comunica por intermédio de perfurações (38) com a tubulação de admissão (32). O espaço (36), conseqüentemente, se comunica com o espaço de distribuição (33) por intermédio da tubulação de admissão (32).Two catalytic converter units (34, 35) are mounted in parallel, each in their pipe in the housing, said pipes extending through three partition walls (29 - 31) with internal sealing to said walls and external sealing to each other. to the outer housing (26) so as to form two separate inner spaces (36, 37) in the housing. The space (36) closest to the distribution space (33) communicates via perforations (38) with the inlet pipe (32). The space (36) consequently communicates with the distribution space (33) via the intake pipe (32).

Uma conexão adicional entre o espaço de distribuição (33) e o espaço (36) é proporcionada por intermédio de uma tubulação (39), que se estende entre o espaço de distribuição (33) e o espaço (37), pela lateral das outras tubulações no alojamento (26). A tubulação (39) é proporcionada com perfurações no espaço (36) por um lado e no espaço (37) pelo outro lado. A provisão da tubulação (39) possibilita de outro modo que o espaço embutido (37) venha a servir como um ressonador de Helmholtz de amortecimento de som para ondas de som que ocorrem no fluxo de gás de exaustão a partir do motor (10) . Em adição, a tubulação (39) forma um caminho de fluxo a partir do espaço (36) para o espaço de distribuição (33) por intermédio de referidas perfurações, o caminho de fluxo reduzindo o gradiente de pressão para o espaço de distribuição e adicionalmente aumentando o escopo para gaseificação do reagente no fluxo de gás de exaustão.An additional connection between the distribution space (33) and the space (36) is provided by means of a pipe (39) extending between the distribution space (33) and the space (37) on the side of the others. pipes in the housing (26). The tubing (39) is provided with perforations in space (36) on one side and in space (37) on the other side. The provision of the tubing (39) otherwise enables the built-in space (37) to serve as a sound damping Helmholtz resonator for sound waves occurring in the exhaust gas flow from the engine (10). In addition, the pipe (39) forms a flow path from the space (36) to the distribution space (33) through said perforations, the flow path reducing the pressure gradient to the distribution space and additionally. increasing the scope for reagent gasification in the exhaust gas stream.

O espaço de distribuição (33) distribui o fluxo de gás de exaustão adentrando por intermédio da tubulação de admissão (32) e da tubulação (39) para as duas unidades de conversor catalitico (34, 35), que são ambas identicamente montadas cada uma com seu filtro de particulado (40) do tipo de conversor catalitico de fuligem. O fluxo de gás de exaustão a partir deste filtro de particulado subseqüentemente passa através de um- conversor catalitico de SCR (41) , em que amônia reage com NOx para formar N2. Finalmente o fluxo de gás de exaustão passa através de um conversor catalitico de oxidação (42) , que remove qualquer amônia residual a partir do fluxo de gás de exaustão. O fluxo de gás de exaustão é após isso conduzido por intermédio de um espaço de saida (43) para uma saida de exaustão (44).The dispensing space (33) distributes the exhaust gas flow through the inlet tubing (32) and tubing (39) to the two catalytic converter units (34, 35), which are both identically assembled each other. with its soot catalytic converter type particulate filter (40). The exhaust gas flow from this particulate filter subsequently passes through an SCR catalytic converter (41), wherein ammonia reacts with NOx to form N2. Finally the exhaust gas flow passes through an oxidation catalytic converter (42), which removes any residual ammonia from the exhaust gas flow. The exhaust gas flow is thereafter driven through an outlet space (43) to an exhaust outlet (44).

A concretização da unidade de pós-tratamento (24) em concordância com a presente invenção, em que o fluxo de gás de exaustão passa através do filtro de particulado (40) antes que o mesmo venha a alcançar o conversor catalitico de SCR (41), possibilita que o injetor (25) venha a ser localizado vantajosamente próximo a unidade (24) . Distribuição e gaseificação do reagente no fluxo de gás de exaustão ocorre nas tubulações (32, 39), no espaço de dist ribuição (33) e no filtro de particulado (40). Ao mesmo tempo se torna possível localizar o filtro de particulado, o conversor catalítico de SCR e o conversor catalítico de oxidação como uma unidade comum (24) em um único e o mesmo alojamento (26). Se o injetor (25) fosse ao invés disso ser localizado entre o filtro de particulado e o conversor catalítico de SCRf a integridade de sistema de pós- tratamento de gás de exaustão deveria ter que ser configurado diferentemente, ocupando mais espaço.The embodiment of the aftertreatment unit (24) according to the present invention, wherein the exhaust gas flow passes through the particulate filter (40) before it reaches the SCR catalytic converter (41). enables the injector (25) to be advantageously located near the unit (24). Reagent gas distribution and gasification in the exhaust gas flow occurs in the pipelines (32, 39), the distribution space (33) and the particulate filter (40). At the same time it becomes possible to locate the particulate filter, the SCR catalytic converter and the oxidation catalytic converter as a common unit (24) in one and the same housing (26). If the injector (25) were to be located between the particulate filter and the SCRf catalytic converter instead, the exhaust gas aftertreatment system integrity would have to be configured differently, taking up more space.

A presente invenção foi descrita com referência para concretizações específicas, e deverá ser observado por aqueles especializados no estado da técnica que a presente invenção não tem que ser considerada como estando limitada para as concretizações exemplificativas, preferidas e vantajosas descritas anteriormente, mas certamente, um número de variações e de modificações é conceptível, sem se afastar do escopo e do espírito de proteção das reivindicações de patente posteriormente. Por exemplo, a unidade de pós-tratamento (24) não necessita ser proporcionada com unidades de conversor catalítico múltiplas dispostas em paralelo.The present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention need not be construed as being limited to the exemplary, preferred and advantageous embodiments described above, but certainly a number variations and modifications is conceivable without departing from the scope and spirit of protection of the patent claims subsequently. For example, aftertreatment unit 24 need not be provided with multiple catalytic converter units arranged in parallel.

Claims (6)

1. Um sistema de pós-tratamento de gás de exaustão para tratamento de gases de exaustão a partir de um motor de combustão interna (10), compreendendo um conversor catalitico de fuligem (40) e um conversor catalitico de SCR (41) , que reduz emissões de NOx por intermédio de um reagente entregue por intermédio de um injetor (25) localizado à montante do conversor catalitico de SCR (41) , caracterizado pelo fato de que o conversor catalitico (40) está localizado entre o injetor (25) e o conversor catalitico de SCR (41).1. An exhaust gas aftertreatment system for treating exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine (10), comprising a soot catalytic converter (40) and an SCR catalytic converter (41), which reduces NOx emissions through a reagent delivered via an injector (25) located upstream of the SCR catalytic converter (41), characterized in that the catalytic converter (40) is located between the injector (25) and the SCR catalytic converter (41). 2. O sistema de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que um conversor catalitico de oxidação (42) está localizado à jusante do conversor catalitico de SCR (41).The system according to claim 1, characterized in that an oxidation catalytic converter (42) is located downstream of the SCR catalytic converter (41). 3. O sistema de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracterizado pelo fato de que o conversor catalitico de fuligem (40), o conversor catalitico de SCR (41) e o conversor catalitico de oxidação (42) são dispostos em séries no interior de um alojamento comum (26).The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the soot catalytic converter (40), the SCR catalytic converter (41) and the oxidation catalytic converter (42) are arranged in series within a common accommodation (26). 4. O sistema de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 até 3, caracterizado pelo fato de que o alojamento (26) é dividido por intermédio de paredes de divisão internas (29 - 31) para formar espaços de distribuição (33, 43) nas extremidades do alojamento (26) e um espaço acusticamente ativo (42) situado entre estes espaços (33, 43).The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the housing (26) is divided by means of internal partition walls (29 - 31) to form distribution spaces (33, 43) in the housing ends (26) and an acoustically active space (42) situated between these spaces (33, 43). 5. O sistema de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 até 4, caracterizado pelo fato de que o injetor (25) para entrega de reagente está localizado ao longo de uma conexão (32) para uma linha de admissão (15) para gases de exaustão a partir do motor de combustão interna (10).The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reagent delivery injector (25) is located along a connection (32) to a gas inlet line (15). exhaust from the internal combustion engine (10). 6. O sistema de acordo com a reivindicação 5, caracterizado pelo fato de que o conversor catalitico de oxidação (23) está localizado na linha de admissão (15) à montante do bocal (25).The system according to claim 5, characterized in that the oxidation catalytic converter (23) is located in the inlet line (15) upstream of the nozzle (25).
BRPI0621003-1A 2006-01-24 2006-01-24 exhaust gas aftertreatment system BRPI0621003A2 (en)

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EP1979586A4 (en) 2010-03-10
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US20090007551A1 (en) 2009-01-08
WO2007086781A1 (en) 2007-08-02

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