BRPI0615512A2 - paper or cardboard substrate, corrugated cardboard, and package, cartridge, or carton - Google Patents

Abstract

PAPER OR PAPERBOARD SUBSTRATE, CORRUGATED PAPERBOARD, AND PACKAGE, CARTRIDGE, OR BOX. The invention relates to the papermaking technique and, in particular to the manufacture of paper or cardboard substrates, articles containing paper such as multilayer paper or cardboard or corrugated-based packaging, having a functional layer, as well as methods of making and use them.

Description

"Field of the invention" "Paper or paperboard substrate, corrugated paperboard, paperback, cartridge, or box"

The invention relates to the papermaking technique and, in particular, to the manufacture of paper or paper substrates, paper-containing articles such as multi-layered paper or corrugated cardboard or packaging, having a functional layer, as well as methods of making and using them. .

Invention History

Paper substrates containing functional layers are very desired by various market niches. Each functional layer can be made, designed or tailored specifically for each market demand and specifications depending on the packaging need for consumer goods. These packaging needs are specifically determined by the associated risks such as packaging and transportation of such goods throughout the country and around the world. However, such market demands may require features to be programmed within the functional substrate layer of paper which, when the paper substrate is incorporated into a package, the functionality itself prevents and / or makes it less and / or less efficient to manufacture and / or convert. substrate to be incorporated into a paper-based package. Consequently, there is an unmet need for all markets to be able to program projected functionality on a coating layer of a paper substrate (eg based on the nature of consumer goods to be packed and / or transported) so that when the paper substrate If it incorporates in such packaging, there is little or no loss of manufacturing / conversion efficiency and consequently little or no increase in high costs for producing such packaging.

Brief Description of Drawings

Figure 1 is a first schematic cross section of only one exemplified embodiment of the paper substrate that is included in the paper substrate of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a second schematic cross-section of only one exemplary embodiment of the paper substrate that is included in the paper substrate of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a third schematic cross-section of only one exemplary embodiment of the paper substrate that is included in the paper substrate of the present invention;

Figure 4 is an exemplary embodiment of a package model containing the substrate of the present invention: Figure 5 is a foreground view of a flap portion of the packaging template shown in Figure 4 in which a treated portion covering at least one flap portion is shown;

Figure 6 is a section of an untreated portion of the flap portion shown in Figure 5 taken along section line 6-6 of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a section of a treated portion of the deaba portion shown in Figure 5 taken along the line 7-7 of the description line of Figure 5;

Figure 8 schematically illustrates a test assembly of sulfur dioxide;

Figure 9 illustrates the graph of sulfur dioxide cardboard saturation;

Figure 10 illustrates the graph of the effect of pH on residual sulfur dioxide in four hand sheets;

Figure 11 illustrates the graph of residual sulfur dioxide concentration versus time using six papers;

Figure 12 schematically illustrates a condition of a low cost cardboard sheet;

Figure 13 schematically illustrates a condition of an easier to glue but high cost cardboard sheet. Figure 14 is a graph of the percentage of sulfur dioxide in the fumigation chamber during a 30 minute fumigation with 1% sulfur dioxide;

Figure 15 illustrates a graph of sulfur dioxide absorption test in different box measurements; and

Figure 16 illustrates a graph comparing the performance of boxes of the present invention against prior art boxes.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Surprisingly, the inventors have discovered a paper substrate containing a paper layer which, when incorporated into a shipping package, is able to minimize the costly impact of that functionality on downstream manufacturing / conversion needs by increasing the manufacturing / conversion efficiency that would otherwise be prohibitive. decently, the use of such functionality.

The paper substrate contains a cellulose fiber web. A source of the fibers can be any fibrous plant. In certain embodiments, at least a portion of the pulp fibers may be provided with non-woody herbaceous plants including, but not limited to, kenaf (nt, Indian plant used for bagging), hemp, jute, flax, sisal, or abaca. Other considerations may make the use of hemp and other fiber sources impractical or impossible. The paper substrate of the present invention may contain recycled fibers and / or virgin fibers. Recycled fibers differ from virgin fibers in that the fibers have gone through the drying process at least once, preferably several times.

The paper substrate of the present invention may contain from 1 to 99 wt%, preferably from 5 to 95 wt%, most preferably from 60 to 80 wt% of cellulose fibers based on the total substrate weight, including 1,5,10 , 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70.75, 80, 85, 90, 95 and 99% by weight, and thereby including any and all bands and sub-bands Preferably, the sources of cellulose fibers are white wood and / or hardwood. The paper substrate of the present invention may contain from 1 to 100% by weight, preferably from 5 to 95% by weight of cellulose fibers originating from bleached wood species based on the total amount of cellulose fibers in the paper substrate. This range includes 1, 2, 5, 10, 15,20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85,90, 95, and 100% by weight , and thereby including any and all bands and sub-bands, based on the total amount of cellulose fibers in the paper substrate.

The paper substrate may contain, alternatively or overlapping diode, from 0.01 to 100 wt.% Of white wood species fibers, preferably from 0.1 to 95 wt.%, Most preferably from 1 to 90 wt. total weight of paper substrate. The paper substrate contains no more than 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15 , 20, 25, 30, 35,40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100% weight of fibers of white wood species based on total paper substrate. , thereby including any and all tracks and sub-tracks.

The paper substrate of the present invention may contain from 1 to 100 wt%, preferably from 5 to 95 wt% of cellulose fibers originating from wood species based on the total amount of cellulose fibers in the paper substrate. This range includes 1, 2, 5, 10, 15,20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85,90, 95 and 100% by weight, thereby including any bands and subbands, based on the total amount of cellulose fibers in the paper substrate.

The paper substrate may contain, alternatively or overlapping diode, from 0.01 to 100% by weight of hardwood species fibers, preferably from 5 to 95% by weight of fibers originating from leibased wood species in the total amount of fibers. of cellulose in the paper substrate. The paper substrate no longer contains DDR. η. 1 . n.2, 0, -5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. 8., 9,10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70.75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 99 and 100 wt.% Fiber of hardwood species based on the total weight of the paper substrate, thereby including any of the bands and subbands.

When the paper substrate contains both hardwood and whitewood fibers, it is preferable that the hardwood / whitewood ratio be 0.001 to 1000. This range may include 0.001, 0.002.0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15.20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85.90, 95, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, e1000, thereby including any and all sub-bands and also any and all inverse bands and sub-bands. such reasons.

In addition, the white wood and / or hardwood fibers contained by the paper substrate of the present invention may be modified by physical and / or chemical means. Examples of physical media include, but are not limited to, electromagnetic and mechanical media. Means for electrical modification include, but are not limited to, means contacting the fibers with a source of electromagnetic energy such as light and / or electric current.

Means for mechanical modification include, but are not limited to, means involving contacting an inanimate object with the fibers. Examples of such inanimate objects include those with sharp and / or blunt edges. Such media also involve, for example, cutting means, kneading, chipping, mutilation, etc. Examples of chemical media include, but are not limited to, conventional chemical modification media including crosslinking and precipitation of complexes thereof. Examples of such modifications may be, but are not limited to, those found in the following U.S. patents. η ° S 6,592,717, 6,592,712, 6,582,557, 6,579,415,6,579,414, 6,506,282, 6,471,824, 6,361,651, 6,146,494, H1,704, 5,731,080, 5,698,688 , - 5,698,074, - 5,667,637.5,662,773, 5,531,728, 5,443,889, 5,360,420, 5,266,250,5.209,953, 5,660,789, 5,049,235, 4,986,882, 4,496,427,4,431,481, 4,174 417, 4,166,894, 4,075,136, and 4,022,965, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

"Fine" sources can be found and, SaveAll fibers, recirculated streams, discarded streams, residual fiber streams. The amount of "fines" present in the paper substrate may be modified to suit the rate at which such streams are added to the papermaking process.

Preferably, the paper substrate contains a combination of hardwood fibers, whitewood fibers and "fine" fibers. The "thin" fibers are, as discussed above, re-circulated and typically have on average a length of no more than 100 μτη, preferably no more than 90 μτη, more preferably no more than 80 Mm in length, and most preferably no more. that 75 μτη in length. The length of the fines is preferably no more than 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70.75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100. μτη in length, including any and all bands and sub-bands in this manner.The paper substrate contains from 0.01 to 100% fines, preferably from 0.01 to 50% by weight, very preferably from 0.01 to 15% by weight. weight based on substrate total weight. The paper substrate does not contain more than 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15. , 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70.75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 99 and 100% by weight of fines based on total paper weight, thereby including any and all tracks and sub-tracks.

The paper substrate may contain, alternatively or overlapped diode, from 0.01 to 100% by weight of fines, preferably from 0.01 to 50% by weight, most preferably from 0.01 to 15% by weight based on total fiber weight. contained in the paper substrate, Paper Substrate contains no more than 0.01, 0.05, 0.1.0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , 10, 12, 15, 20, 25.30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100% by weight of fines based on the total weight of the fibers contained by the paper substrate, thereby including any and all bands and sub-bands.

The paper substrate may also contain a functional layer.

The functional layer may contain additives that allow the layer to be a resistant layer. Examples of a resistant layer may be those that resist or reduce the penetration of grease, water, water vapor, arsaline, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide or other solids / gases / liquids that pose a threat to surfaces such as metal objects, consumer products such as fruits and vegetables, as well as other consumer / manufacturing goods.

Examples of sturdy layer-containing paper substrates include published U.S. patent applications 20020182381, 20040221976 and U.S. provisional patent applications. 60 / 698,274, filed July 11, 2005 and 60 / 731,897, filed October 31, 2005, all of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference herein. The functional layer may contain the additives mentioned in these patent applications in order to impart functionality in the layer, substrate, and resulting package made therewith.

The functional layer may also contain detachable additives. An example of a release agent may be steam corrosion inhibitors. Examples of such inhibitors can be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,833,334, 6,617,415, 6,555,600, 6,444,595, 6,420,470,6,331,044, 6,292,996, 6,156,929, 6,132,827, 6,054,512 , 6,028,160, 5,937,618, 5,896,241, 5,889,639, 5,773,105,5,736,231, 5,715,945, 5,712,008, 5,705,566, 5,486,308.5,391,322, 5,324,448, 5,139 700, 5,209,869, 5,344,589,4,313,836, 4,312,768, 4,151,099, 4,101,328, 6,429-240,6,273,993, 6,255,375, and 4,685,563 and U.S. Patent Application. No. 60 / 731,897, filed October 31, 2005, all of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.

The functional layer may also contain an anti-corrosive agent and / or an antimicrobial agent and may serve to be anti-corrosive and / or antimicrobial. Alternatively it may serve to release such anti-corrosive and / or antimicrobial agents into the local environment. Examples of such antimicrobial agents are those found in published US patent applications Nos. 20020182381, 20040221976, and US patent applications 60/585757, 11/175899 and 11/175700, which are hereby incorporated in their entirety herein. for reference.

In a specific embodiment, the paper substrate of the present invention may contain a functional layer containing a film-forming compound. Although the film forming compound may be any film forming compound, examples of preferred cell forming compounds may be those having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of not more than 35 ° C. The Tg may be any tg, but preferably not greater than 350, 340, 330, 325, 320, 310, 300, 290, 280,275, 270, 260, 250, 225, 200, 175, 150, 125, and 100, including thereof. way any and all sub-band tracks. An example of such a cell forming compound is a compound containing styrene acrylate such as Dow 229804 latex and / or starch such as Ethylex2035 starch. The film-forming compound may be in the 0 to 100% functional layer, preferably 50 to 150 ppm, based on the total weight of the functional layer, including 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25. , 30, 35, 40.45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, and 95% by weight based on. total weight of the functional layer, including any and all ranges and sub-ranges. Emnnm. the oocyte forming composition may be present in the functional layer in any amount, preferably 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95,100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 130, 135, 140. 145, and 150 ppmbased on the total weight of the functional layer, thereby including any and all bands and sub-ranges. The functional layer may be present in any weight.

The functional layer may be present in a weight ranging from 1 to 25 grams / square meter (g / m2), preferably from 2 to 20 g / m2, more preferably from 3 to 18 g / m2, most preferably from 5 to 15 g. This includes, but is not limited to, embodiments where functional layer is added to the fibers in the coating machine and / or dimensional press. The amount of functional layer includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 , 24, and 25 g / m2, including any and all ranges and sub-ranges.

In addition, the functional layer may be any crosslinker. A preferred crosslinker is one such as Cartabond TSI. In addition, the functional layer may contain a pigment that may act as a nonstick agent. Acceptable any clay or nonstick agent. A preferable pigment is a clay. A preferable clay is one such as NuClay. In addition, the functional layer may contain a defoamer. The crosslinker may be present from 0.1 to 10 ppm based on the total weight of the functional layer, preferably 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5.2.0, 2.5. , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 ppm based on the total functional layer weight, thereby including any and all bands and subbands. The pigment may be present from 50 to 150 ppm based on the total weight of the functional layer, preferably 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75.80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130. , 135,140, 145, and 150 ppm based on the total weight of the functional layer, thereby including any and all bands and sub-bands. The defoamer may be present from 50 to 150 ppm based on the total weight of the functional layer, preferably 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95,100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130. , 135, 140, 145, and 150ppm based on the total weight of the functional layer, thereby including any and all bands and sub-bands. The functional layer when contacted with the paper substrate fibers may have any pH, preferably from 4 to 8, including 4, 4,5, 5, 5,5, 6, 6,5, 7, 7,5 and 8, thereby including any and all sub-band ranges. The functional layer when contacted with asphrases may have any solids percentage, preferably a solids percentage from 1 to 65, more preferably from 10 to 60% solids, including 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40. , 45, 50, 55, and 60% solids, thereby including any and all sub-band ranges. The functional layer, when contacted with asphalts, may have a Brookfield viscosity @ 100 rpm of 1000 cps, preferably <300 cps, most preferably from 50 to 200 cps, including 55, 60, 65.70, 75, 80, 90, 100, 110 , 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170,180, 190, and 200 cps, thereby including any and all bands and subbands.

Figures 1-3 show different embodiments of paper substrate 1 in the paper substrate of the present invention. The invention is not limited to these examples. Figure 1 shows a paper substrate 1 that has a cellulose fiber web 3 and a functional layer 2 where the functional layer 2 has minimal or no interpenetration of the cellulose fiber web 3. Such incorporation may be made, for example, when a functional layer is coated. left a screen of cellulose fibers. Addition points may be, for example, in the dimensional press or also in the coating machine.

Figure 2 shows a paper substrate having a cellulose fiber layer 3 and a functional layer 2 where the functional layer 2 interpenetrates the cellulose fiber fabric 3. Interpenetration layer 4 of the paper substrate defines a region in which the functional layer at least Interpenetration layer may be from 1 to 99%, preferably less than 50%, more preferably less than 25% of the entire cross section of at least a portion of the surface of the paper substrate, including 1.2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70.75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 99% of the paper substrate, thereby including any and all sub-band tracks. Such incorporation may be made, for example, by adding a functional layer to the cellulose fibers before a coating method can be combined with a subsequent coating method if necessary. Addition points may be, for example, in the dimensional press.

Figure 3 shows a paper substrate 1 having a cellulose fiber screen 3 and a functional layer 2 where the functional layer 2 is approximately evenly distributed throughout the cellulose fiber fabric 3. Such incorporation may be made, for example, when added. a functional layer on the cellulose fibers prior to a coating method and may be combined with a subsequent coating method if necessary. The exemplified addition points may be at the wet end of the papermaking process, thin stock, and thick stock.

The screen density, basis weight and gauge of this invention may vary widely and base weights, conventional densities and gauges may be employed depending on the paper-based product formed from the screen. The paper or cardboard of the invention preferably has a final caliber after calendering the paper into any wedging or pressing as such may be associated with subsequent coatings of from about 1 millipeg to about 35 millipegs, although the caliber may be out of this range if desired. More preferably the caliber is from about 4 milliseconds to about 20 milliseconds, most preferably from about 7 milliseconds to about 17 milliseconds. The size of the paper substrate with or without any functional layer may be 1.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20,22, 25, 27, 30, 32, and 35 milliseconds, thereby including any and all bands and subbands. The paper substrates of the invention preferably exhibit basis weights of about 10 lb / 3000 ft2 to about 500 lb / 3000 ft2. , although the telapossa base weight is outside this range if desired. Most preferably the basis weight is from about 30 lbs / 3000 ft2 to about 200 lbs / 3000 ft2, and most preferably from about 35 lbs / 3000 ft2 to about 150 lbs / 3000 ft2. The basis weight may be 10, 12, 15, 17,20, 22, 25, 30, 32, 35, 37, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70.75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160,170, 180, 190, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 325, 350, 375,400, 425, 450, 500 lb / 3000 ft2, including any and all The final paper density can be calculated by any of the above-mentioned basis weights divided by any of the above calibers, thereby including any and all of the ranges and sub-ranges. Preferably, the final paper density, ie ope- The base divided by caliber is preferably about 6 lb / 3000 ft2 / millipeg to about 14 lbs / 3000 ft2 / millipeg although telaphone densities may be outside this range if desired. Most preferably the screen density is from about 7lb / 3000ft2 / millipeg to about 13lb / 3000ft2 / millipeg and most preferably from about 9lb / 3000ft2 / millipeg to about 12lb / 3000p2 / millipeg.

The substrate of the present invention preferably has a Cobb value determined by the Cobb sizing test according to ASTM D-3285 (TAPPI T-441) of less than 50 g / m2, preferably less than 35 g / m2, more preferably lower. that 30 g./m2. very preferably less than 25 g / m2. The Cobb value can be 50, 45, 40, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27.26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13.12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 g / m2, or less, thereby including any and all sub-banded bands.

Textbooks such as those described in "Handbookfor pulp and paper technologists" by G.A. Smook (1992), Angus Wilde Puiblications, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference. In addition the above reference of G.A. Smook and references cited by the same provide lists of conventional additives which may be contained in the paper substrate, and thus in the paper articles of the present invention. Such additives may be incorporated into the paper, and hence the paper packaging (and packaging materials) of the present invention in any conventional papermaking process according to G.A. Smook referred to above and references cited by it.

The paper substrate of the present invention may also include optional substances comprising retention aids, sizing agents, binders, thickeners, and preservatives. Examples of fillers include, but are not limited to, clay, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate semihydrate, and calcium dihydrate sulfate. Examples of binders include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide / epichlorohydrin, polychloride emulsion, amidomodified such as hydroxyethyl starch, starch, polyacrylamide, polyacylamide adduct, polyol adduct, ethanedial / polyol condensate, polyamide , epichlorohydrin, glyoxal, glyoxal urea, ethanedial, aliphatic polyisocyanate, isocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, diisocyanate, polyisocyanate, polyester, polyester resin, polyacrylate, polyacrylate resin, acrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose .. sodium nitrate .. emethacrylate. Other optional substances include, but are not limited to, silicas such as colloids and / or sols. Examples of silicas include, but are not limited to, sodium silicate and / or boron silicates. Other examples of optional substances are solvents but not limited to water.

In addition, the starch may be of any type, including but not limited to oxidized, ethylated, cationic and perolated, and preferably is used in aqueous solution. Examples of starches useful for practicing this preferred embodiment of the invention are naturally occurring carbohydrates synthesized in corn, tapioca. , potatoes and other plants by polymerization of dextrose units. All such starches and modified forms thereof such as starch acetates, starch esters, starch ethers, starch phosphates, starch xanthates, anionic starches, cationic starches and the like which may be derived by reacting starch with appropriate chemical or enzymatic reagent may be used in practice. Useful starches may be prepared by known techniques or obtained from commercial sources. Suitable starches include, but are not limited to, PG-280 of Penford Products, St. Lawrence Starch SLS-280, National Starch CatoSize 270 amidocathionic and Hydroxypropyl No. 02382 of Poly Sciences, Inc. Starches for use in the practice of this invention can be modified. Additionally, they are those starches that are cationic and nonionic modified starches such as CatoSize 270 and KoFilm 280 (all from National Starch) and / or chemically modified starches such as PG-280 ethyl starches and AP Pearl starches. Starches for use in the practice of this invention may be cationic starches and chemically modified starches. Contact of the functional layer with cellulosic fibers may occur at any time during the papermaking process including, but not limited to, wet end, thick stock, thin stock, box top press, dimensional press and coating machine, with the preferred addition point being on the dimensional press and / or coating machine. Additional points include machine chamber, upholstery box, and centrifugal pump suction.

As discussed above and Figure 3, when the functional layer components are added at the wet end direction of the papermaking, the functional layer may become interpenetrated and / or incorporated into the fibers containing paper substrate layer.

The paper substrate may also be made by further contacting optional substances with the cellulose fibers. Contact can occur at any time from the papermaking process including, but not limited to thick stock, thin stock, top box, dimensional press, water box, and coating machine.

Additional points include machine chamber, padding box, and centrifugal pump suction. Cellulose fibers, functional layer, and / or optional / additional components may be contacted serially, consecutively, and / or simultaneously in any combination. The cellulose fibers and the functional layer may be premixed in any combination of addition to or during the papermaking process.

The paper substrate may be pressed into a depressed section containing one or more tweezers. However, any pressing means known in the papermaking technique may be used. The forceps may be, but not limited to, single felted asbestos, double asbestos, cylinder, and extended forceps in the presses.

However, any forceps known in the papermaking technique may be used. The paper substrate may be dried in a drying section. Any drying medium known in the papermaking technique may be used. The drying section may include and contain a drying can, easy drying, conveyor belt drying, IR, or other art-known drying means and mechanisms. The paper substrate may be dried to hold any selected amount of water.

Preferably, the substrate is dried to contain less than or equal to 10% water.

The paper substrate may be passed through a dimensional press where any sizing media commonly known in the papermaking technique is acceptable. The dimensional press, for example, may be a puddled (e.g. inclined, vertical, horizontal) or metered dimensional (e.g. blade-dosed, rod-fed) dimensional press. In the dimensional press sizing agents such as binders may be contacted with the substrate. Optionally, these same sizing agents may, where necessary, be added at the wet end of the papermaking process. After sizing, the paper substrate may or may not be re-dried according to the exemplified means mentioned above and other drying media commonly known in the papermaking technique. The paper substrate may be dried to contain any selected amount of water.

Preferably, the substrate is dried to contain less than or equal to 10% water.

In addition to the starch and / or polyvinyl alcohol added in the size press / coating machine sections, small amounts of other additives may also be present in the dimensional composition. These include, without limitation, dispersants, fluorescent dyes, surfactants, release agents, preservatives, pigments, binders, pH controlling agents, coating release agents, brighteners, defoamers, bulking agents such as expandable microspheres and the like. Such additives may include any and all of the above-mentioned optional substances, or combinations thereof.

The paper substrate may be calendered by any calendering means commonly known in the papermaking art. More specifically, for example, wet stack calendering, dry stack calendering, steel caliper calendering, hot soft calendering or extended caliper calendering, etc. can be used.

The paper substrate may contain multiple layers of cellulose fiber fibers. Preferably, the substrate contains at least three layers of cellulose fiber fabrics having six larger surfaces or four layers of cellulose fiber fabrics having eight larger surfaces. Any of these surfaces may be corrugated, laminated, glued, or adhered to each other in any conventional manner to form a demulticamate substrate. Preferably, a demuitic paper substrate may be a corrugated paper substrate. In one embodiment of the invention, a corrugated paper substrate may be made with the paper substrate of the present invention and further converted / folded / opened with a coffin in for example a package and / or carrier material i.e. single layer and / or multilayer paper or cardboard material. The package and / or carrier material preferably comprises at least three paper substrates, each having a cellulose fiber web and at least one of which further has a functional layer on or about it.

These aforementioned methods of making the paper substrate of the present invention may be added to any conventional papermaking processes as well as converting processes including corrugation, abrasion, polishing, cracking, instrumentation, punching, scintillation, calendering, sheet finishing, converting , coating, lamination, printing, etc. Preferred conventional processes include those designed to produce paper substrates capable of being used as coated and / or uncoated paper products, boards, and / or substrates. Textbooks such as those described in "Handbook for pulp and paper technologists" by G.A.Smook (1992), Angus Wilde Puiblications, which are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.

Within the above-mentioned conventional papermaking processes, as well as conversion processes, multilayer paper-based structures (for example such as those mentioned above) are formed and / or folded into forms useful for packaging and / or transportation.

During this time, means of joining such layers are required. Such means may be gluing, laminating, adhering and / or folding such layers together and requires, in part, a adhesive.

Accordingly, the paper substrate and articles made therewith preferably contain an adhesive layer.

Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the paper substrate of the present invention which may contain a cellulose fiber web and a functional layer 2 and an adhesive layer 5. Obviously, the aforementioned Figures 1-3 refer to when the functional layer is present. Such embodiments may also be suitably convenient when using a related adhesive layer. In fact, there may be a multi-layer structure within each paper substrate (eg fiber canvas, functional layer, and / or adhesive) and these layers may be applied in any order and / or mode. In addition, the screen, functional layer, and adhesive layer may be one layer and / or may interpenetrate each other within an interpenetration layer 4 of 0 to 100%, respectively, and / or each other to any degree. The state of interpenetration for any two or more of the fabric, functional layer and adhesive layer may be 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40.45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75. , 80, 85, 90, 95, and 99% of the paper substrate, thereby including any of the ranges and sub-ranges.

Preferably, the adhesive layer contains at least one adhesive which is suitable for adhering two layers of cellulose fibers to each other. Any conventional adhesive is appropriate. Examples of suitable adhesives include those known as hot melt adhesives and / or cold-fixed adhesives. Examples of the adhesive are those containing a polyamide, polyamide containing polymer, polyamide containing copolymer, polyethylene, polyethylene containing copolymer, ethylene / devinyl acetate, ethylene / vinyl acetate-containing polymer, ethylene / vinyl acetate-containing copolymer, vinyl, polyvinyl, vinyl-containing polymer, vinyl-containing copolymer, olefin, poly (alpha-olefin), polyolefin, olefin-containing polymer, and olefin-containing copolymer. Hot melt materials include those from National Starch, Hercules, Henkel, Reynolds, Arizona Chemical Company, and HB Fuller. Specific examples are Henkel 80-8795; Chief 235 HP; National Starch 34-246A; Chief 235 Plus; HB Fuller HL9254; Henkel TB9-15-5, National Starch 34-6601; National Starch 34-379A; Forbo / Swifts; Pacific; HB Fuller G3556; and Henkel 51-1057-FD. The adhesives may be used together or alone. In a preferred embodiment, when using a single adhesive, preferably it will be a hot melt adhesive. In another preferred embodiment, when using more than one adhesive, preferably at least one hot melt adhesive and at least one cold-fixed adhesive. The adhesives may be contained in one layer or in multiple layers and may follow the example of the substrate discussed above with respect to Figure 6 such that they may thereby assume multiple different adhesive layers 5 in Figure 6 discussed above. The individual adhesive layers may interpenetrate each other as well as with functional layer and / or cellulose fiber mesh to any degree.

When two layers of cellulose fiber webs incorporate the above-mentioned substrate of the present invention, a portion of the functional layer may intervene between the two webs at some point, which may cause a reduction in the adhesive properties of the adhesive layers to adhere the webs together. Therefore, the efficiency of such conversion processes may be compromised by functionality in the functional layer present on / on the paper substrate during the above mentioned conventional conversion steps. In such cases, it may be preferable to expose at least a portion of at least one cellulose fiber layer to the adhesive layer before and / or during and / or after application of the adhesive layer. Alternatively and / or beyond such exposure, it may be desirable to increase the contact surface area between the adhesive layer and the functional layer. Preferably, both the increase in surface area and the combination exposure methodologies is an embodiment of the present invention. Such portions of the paper substrate may be referred to as "treated" portions.

Means for exposing at least a portion of at least one cellulose fiber screen layer to the adhesive layer, or means for increasing the surface area between the adhesive layer and the functional layer, may include any means for compromising at least a portion of the layer. functional. Such means may include, for example, means for penetrating, scraping, polishing, piercing, breaking, degrading, fractionating, diffusing, drilling, corroding, invading, entering, shredding, spearing, infiltrating, inserting, cutting, permeating, impregnating, penetrating, poke, puncture, widen, stab, wear, undercut, grate, scrub, peel, stretch, scratch, dent, fragment, trap, mark, peel, scratch, chop, slice, and shatter. Any conventional means mentioned above commonly known to one of ordinary skill in the art, especially papermaking, is suitable, including a combination thereof. These media may be added to any conventional papermaking and / or converting process, and / or those papermaking and / or converting processes mentioned herein, especially those processes leading to the production of paper-based packaging systems.

An example of a model converted to a package containing at least one substrate of the present invention is shown in Figure 4 and may also be mentioned in US Patent Application No. 60 / 702,879, filed July 27, 2006, which is incorporated herein by reference. in its entirety. Figure 5 is a first plan view of a portion of a tab of the packaging model in Figure 4. In order to fold the model of Figure 4 into a package, it may be necessary to contact the tab in Figure 5 with another portion of the model in a manner in which portions of the model they should contact each other and thus emanate an uncompromised grip.

Accordingly, in this example, an adhesive layer can thus be applied to the substrate. Figure 6 shows a first region of the tab shown in Figure 5 that corresponds to two geographies on the tab due to which adherence may occur. Figure 6 shows an untreated portion. Figure 7 shows a treated portion as defined above. In this specific example, the treated portion is polished.

In some cases, it is not desirable to perform any of the above means to treat the substrate, as the presence of the functional layer can greatly reduce the ability of the substrates to adhere to each other. Preferably, the adhesive should provide an open time of 0.5 to 5. , Most preferably from 1.5 to 3.5 seconds, most preferably from 1.9 to 2.5 seconds. In addition, the adhesive should provide a compression time of 0.25 to 1.5 seconds, preferably 0.5 to 1.25 seconds, preferably 0 to 10 seconds. , 65 to 0.85 seconds. In addition and / or as an alternative, the adhesive must satisfy the initial breakthrough test mentioned below (below fixed Hot Melt Agglutination Test) which is the use of a Rock-Tenn Hot Melt Simulator (video samples) using setting from 300 to 450 ° F, preferably from 350 to 380 ° F, the aforementioned open time (preferably -2.5 second open time), with the abovementioned residence time (preferably -0.75 second residence time), and with applied hardening force immediately after the retention time to simulate elastic recovery forces during conversion of packages made with the substrate of the present invention.

The hot melt agglutination test provides a value for simulating the hot melt bonding process in the laboratory to determine the effects of the most important variables such as substrate, adhesive, temperature, open time, sticky time, and amount of adhesive due to bonding. . In the present patent application, this laboratory test was performed when cutting two strips of paper in the length of CD (transverse direction): two samples of 2.5 "χ 8" and 1 "χ 8" respectively. The adhesive is applied at temperatures ranging from 350 to 400 ° F to the uncoated side of the 2.5 "χ 8" sample with 1.5 seconds open time. The coated side of the second 1 "χ8" sample is compressed onto it for 1.0 second of decompression time. Samples are glued, chilled, and slit along the length of the glue drop under standard TAPPI conditions (73 ° F, 50% relative humidity). If the above mentioned fiber tear test, a fiber tear test results in: (a) 50-75% fiber slurry has a working solution, preferably a cold-fixed adhesive would be needed (below this level suitable flap attachment may still be achieved); (b) 75-100% fiber break has a working solution that may or may not require a cold-fixed adhesive (see # 4). A cold-set off may be optional if initial fiber slurry results. However, after starting a four hour substrate cure test (the four hour cured fiber tear test refers to the use of the Rock-Tenn hot melt simulation using a setting of 300 to 450 ° F, preferably 350 to 380 ° F). ° F, the abovementioned open time (preferably 2.5 seconds open time), with the abovementioned residence time (preferably residence time of 0.75 seconds) with no load applied, and then extended after four hours of curing). If, after the 4 hour test, an initial 75-100% fiber tear remains, then sufficient bonding will occur with the first adhesive, preferably a hot melt adhesive alone, and the cold-fixed adhesive will be optional. If, however, fiber tearing <75% occurs after the above 4 hour test, then a cold-set adhesive aid would be desirable beyond the first adhesive, preferably a hot melt adhesive. The present invention is explained in more detail with the aid. of the following embodiment example which is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

Examples

Fruit and vegetable packaging presents problems from their inability to protect their carriers and the products contained in the same deadly predators. Accordingly, it has been desirable to treat the packaging in such a way that the environment in which it is situated while in transit to the consumer partly results in its exposure to sulfur dioxide.

Sulfur dioxide is known to kill predators of products and animals harmful to humans. It is necessary to ward off black widow spiders or kill them when in contact with the packaging and the product environment. Therefore, it is desirable to have a product packaging material that does not absorb, adsorb, and / or react chemically with sulfur dioxide in the transport environment. Such interactions will inevitably reduce the amount of active sulfur dioxide within the environment, thereby reducing the effectiveness of killing / controlling harmful sulfur dioxide-sensitive animals such as black widow spiders.

So far, the only effective packaging material for efficiently transporting such products and preventing sulfur from absorbing, adsorbing and / or chemically reacting with such material is STYROFOAM. However, STYROFOAM is environmentally hostile. Therefore, the market still requires environmentally convenient material that is capable of transporting low-cost products that do not absorb, adsorb and / or do not chemically react with sulfur dioxide in the transport environment to the point where active sulfur dioxide is reduced to a minimum. make it ineffective in keeping harmful animals away and / or killing them.

As a specific non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the inventors have surprisingly discovered a cellulose-based packaging material that is capable of conveying low cost products and which does not absorb, adsorb and / or react reactively with sulfur dioxide in the environment at which it transports. Active sulfur dioxide is reduced to render it ineffective in keeping harmful animals away and / or killing them. This non-limiting embodiment of the present invention is a paper substrate containing a functional layer which specifically increases the sulfur dioxide substrate's resilience. Discussed below is the measure of resilience. Preferably, the resistance capacity increases by at least 1%. more preferably more than 5%, most preferably more than 20% when compared to substrates which do not contain this non-limiting incorporation of the functional layer. In addition, the inventors have surprisingly found solutions to minimize the effect of a functional layer (e.g. sulfur dioxide resistant layer in this example) of a paper substrate in manufacturing / conversion / costs / problems, while maintaining the functional and structural performance of a packaging thereby. incorporates the substrate. The following pages describe the sulfur dioxide test assembly, see Figure 8, including physical (such as fixing the undercut edges) and chemical (changing the quantities and types of chemical substances contained by the functional layer of the tested substrates). .

Plexiglass Case Dimensions: 14 "χ 11" χ 8 "= 1232 inch3

• Purge SO2 at 500 ppm

• Once the sample is in the chamber, use screws and insulation to seal and prevent SO2 leakage.

Glass-engaging sulfur dioxide detection tubes 20 / a are used to find residual SO2 after a predetermined period of time.

• The most common substrate used in this experiment was pieces with 10 "χ 12" cardboard with a white side coating.

• 6 or 1 cardboard was used at a time and they could have tape-coated or uncoated edges.

Measured time points (ie measured sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere, thus resistant).

0 min5 min15 min

Initial shielding of physical and chemical barriers to the functional layer,

Table 1: Initial Barrier Shield

<table> table see original document page 27 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 28 </column> </row> <table>

The above time point measurements are emppm sulfur dioxide. Therefore, the higher the number, the more sulfur dioxide measured in the atmosphere, the more effective the substrate containing the functional layer is to resist sulfur dioxide.

In this specific embodiment, it is preferable to have a functional layer that is resistant to sulfur dioxide of any species in 5 and / or 15 minutes, respectively, preferably 5 to 100% resistance, based on the total amount of sulfur dioxide initially present in the atmosphere, most preferably resistance. 10 to 100% based on the total amount of sulfur dioxide initially present in the atmosphere, most preferably 50 to 100% resistance based on the total amount of sulfur dioxide initially present in the atmosphere. The amount of resistance can be greater than resistance of 15, 20, 25.30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100%, based on the total amount of resistance. sulfur dioxide initially present in the atmosphere, thereby including any and all bands and sub-bands. Initial Barrier Shield Continuation The results in Tables 1, 2, 3 were tested under different conditions.

Table 2: Condition 12 was tested on 3 cartons instead of 6 standards and purged for 2:45 min early

<table> table see original document page 29 </column> </row> <table>

Table 3: Condition 31-33 Tested for Medium Cardboard Only (9 "χ 9")

<table> table see original document page 29 </column> </row> <table>

SO2 saturation point

As can be seen from the graph in Figure 9, a SO2 saturation point on the cardboard was determined by purging the cardboard and then waiting 15 minutes to test SO2 levels. Initially six papers (10 "χ 12") with 1 minute purges were used but it took longer to reach a saturation level (5 ppm increase per purge). then we cut the sample to a 6 "χ 10" paperboard in the 2-minute purge chamber. Saturation point of a 6 "χ 10" piece of cardboard. Purges were performed immediately after the previous SO2 measurement; those not indicated.Test of products obtainable at the moment

• 6 pieces (10 "χ 12"), purge for 1 minute with SO2

· Initial concentration is 260 ppm

Table 4: Currently Obtainable Products

<table> table see original document page 30 </column> </row> <table>

Sieved pigments with improved pasteability

Table 5: Pigment sieving for takeoff capacity. One cardboard (10 "χ 12") per test.

<table> table see original document page 30 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 31 </column> </row> <table>

The study of the pH effect on the SO2 barrier can be seen in the graph in figure 10.Testing ability test: Table 6

The samples were coated onto the cardboard

<table> table see original document page 31 </column> </row> <table>

The study of the use of pigmented cardboard using Dow's formulations can be seen in the graph of figure 11.

Table 7: Submerging Cardboard Coating

The cardboard was cut in half and dipped in the coat for 5 seconds, removed and dried. NUCLAY: Dow 229805 (1: 1 ratio) was used and the weight of <table> table see original document page 31 </column> </row> <table>

Table 8: High solids coating;

NUCLAY: Dow 229805 (1: 1 ratio)

Cardboard is cut as usual except with 50-57% solids solution instead of the usual 20-30%. This should increase the drying time and force the coating to remain on top of the sheet rather than being absorbed between the fibers. _

<table> table see original document page 31 </column> </row> <table>

Dows latex-based starch coatings are applied to the cover sheet and media that will be used to make S02 / moisture barrier enhanced corrugated boxes for grape packaging applications.

Basic stock

- 69 BTWS (12,000 feet of cover sheet)

- 62 ag (14,000 feet of cover sheet)

- 2 26c rolls (50,000 feet total)

Table 9: Coating Formulation

<table> table see original document page 32 </column> </row> <table>

Coating Machine Operation *: The functional layer was applied via coating machine.

Table 10: Coating Sheet and / or Decanking Sheet Substrate Coating Conditions

<table> table see original document page 32 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 33 </column> </row> <table>

* Coating speed: start at 200 ft / min. Target: 400 feet / min.

Coating Weight:

Formulation A, target: 9 pounds / 3 MSF (minimum 8 pounds, maximum 10 pounds) (ie 14.4 g / m2).

Formulation B, target: 7 pounds / 3 MSF (or as high as the machine can recover) (ie 11.2 g / m2).

Warp Control: Apply water vapor if necessary to obtain flat cardboard.

Coating Width: 76 "

Humidity level: 4-6%

Table 11: Box Construction Plan where the box contains three of the following substrates *

<table> table see original document page 33 </column> </row> <table>

A control was used employing the coating sheet and the medium, both uncoated before and after the trial.

Example 3

The same box construction plans proposed in Example 2, except that the 74-pound paper substrate was placed to replace the 69-pound substrate. Condition 3 mentioned below was then converted into a package and / or box to be Box # 3. Therefore, if specifically mentioned otherwise, the DURACOOL box or International Paper # 3 box corresponds to a box that was made from condition # 3 mentioned below.

The aforementioned box models were successfully converted to trays using the Boix MP-S equipment employing various hot melt adhesives with a cold glue aid. There were three major bonding scenarios, all of which produced DEFORb well connected black widow trays:

1. The highest degree of fiber break was obtained by using the National 34-6601 hot melt adhesive. This adhesive was difficult to apply due to its high viscosity even at a gun temperature of 380 ° F. Time adjustments were required at Boix MP-Spara to accommodate delays in taking it charging through Nordson nozzles.

2. HB Fuller Advantra HL9254 adhesive and redesigned Chief235 Plus adhesive also produced well-laid trays; however, they relied heavily on cold-bonded adhesive (Henkel 51-1057-FD) to achieve fiber breakage. The trays leaving the Boix are well bonded but do not exhibit fiber breakage until the glue is set to dry. These melt adhesives were easier to apply at a gun temperature of 350 ° F.

3. An additional condition was devised during the trial and promises to be the most cost-effective solution: polish the glued flaps of the tray, which exposes the surface of the sheet, and use the standard Henkel hot melt adhesive (Henkel 80-7883). ) with the aid of cold glue. The trays formed using this method were well bonded and achieved a high integrity and fiber breakage. Initial JudgmentThe hot melt adhesives recommended by Henkel, Chief Adhesives and NationalStarch did not set fast enough through the Boix MP-S equipment to hold together. the tabs were flat and / or had insufficient fiber bonding and rupture.

Table 12

Initial Conversion Results

<table> table see original document page 35 </column> </row> <table>

The most important subjects that the first trial did not cover were the following:

1. The Boix MP-S presents a challenge which is to operate in a common long open time of 1.9 to 2.5 seconds (start of glue drop application until the end of glue application), followed by a permanence only 0.75 second compression time (time in which abasses hold together by equipment) at typical operating speeds. The hot melt adhesive should remain molten for this long open time and then fix and solidify rapidly during the subsequent compression time. Operating at a lower speed on Boix would slightly increase the compression time but reduce conversion efficiency. Laboratory Adhesive Evaluation in Light of the Above

Laboratory testing of hot melt adhesive.

To better simulate the Boix equipment, the hot melt take-off test using the Rock-Tenn simulator has been modified to apply an elastic recovery force manually following the compression cycle (see "The Attached Forhte Rock-TennLab Tester Information and Methodology"). ). The substrate used was a very recently latex coated backing sheet with an open time of 3 seconds and a compression time of 0.75 according to our following tests:

Table 13

Laboratory comparison of hot melt candidates

<table> table see original document page 36 </column> </row> <table>

Laboratory results of hot melt adhesive

All hot melt adhesives with the exception of Henkel fasten. All develop significant, initially sticky fiber breakage (tested up to 10 seconds after compression) which may be sufficient to secure the tray flaps • The adhesive that gives the most unsatisfactory initial results is Henkel TB9-15-5. It remained long and rubbery after compression and elastic recovery. However, once fixed it gave a very high deletion force with complete fiber rupture. The problem is that it cannot fix fast enough through Boix equipment.

• Given the fact that we will have a cold adhesive aid in this tray design, the Chief 235 Plus and HBFuller HL 92 54 can take the trouble of keeping the tray flaps together long enough for the adhesive to penetrate and develop fiber breakage. .

• The two National Starch products (34-6601 and 34-379A) are the hot melt adhesives that perform best. However, they are so viscous that there may be problems releasing them through the Nordson equipment on the Boix machine and achieving a drop of glue-length and uniform width. Of the two, the 34-6601 are less viscous and still perform very well. Note that these had to be applied at 380 ° F instead of 350 ° F in order to be able to feed them through our Nordson lab set.

Cold-Fixed Adhesive Lab Tests

The purpose of the cold bonded adhesive tests was to determine the degree of fiber breakage achieved with latex coated cover sheet and the time to complete fiber breakage. Adhesive resin (poly (vinyl acetate)) was applied with a 0.015 inch Birdde bar to the felt side of the latex coated backing sheet and a second sample of the treated backing sheet was placed with the backing side down over the first strip. and compressed to 0.3 psi for test duration. Time ranged from 5 to 28 minutes and the degree of fiber rupture was noted for each test. The table below shows the minimum time that was noted for 100% adhesive split fiber break: Table 14

Laboratory comparison of paraviúva-ne ^ ra cold fixed adhesives

<table> table see original document page 38 </column> </row> <table>

* HB Fuller G3556 Adhesive is a high performance commercial adhesive used on grades of folding cartons used by reference.

With untreated cardboard sheet, the time to develop 100% fiber breakage is in the 10 to 30 second range. Therefore, the latex coating significantly retards the absorption rate of water-based adhesives but still achieves complete breakage of fibers.

Based on the above, this time it is recommended that the cold bonded adhesive be used when used together with hot melt glue even in boxes to provide its high temperature resistance. As grape crates are packaged and stored at temperatures sometimes exceeding 110 ° F, the hot melt glue alone would soften leading to overflow openings unless there was cold set glue to provide a strong bond that could withstand extreme temperatures.

While comparing times to achieve full fiber breakage is helpful in understanding the absorption dynamics, the recommendation should also consider the ability of each of the cold-set adhesives to create a film thick enough to reduce the void between the two surfaces of the cardboard-covering sheet. in the glue flap region. When present, the product with the lowest absorption rate creates and thicker film that persists long enough to effectively bond the cardboard surfaces.

Second Conversion Judgment

The purpose of the second conversion trial was to evaluate the various hot melt adhesives and to produce long-term storage trays.

Figures 12 and 13 represent the two paperboard conditions that have been judged (the conditions numbers refer to previous coating judgments and elapsing):

Condition 3 in Table 11 above (i.e. 74ag ClS latex / uncoated 26c media / uncoated 26c media / 62g ClS latex).

• Condition 5 in Table 11 above (i.e. 74 ag uncoated / latex coated 26c media / latex coated media / 62 ag C1S latex).

As can be seen from Figure 12, condition 3 represents the minimum coating cost scenario in which the single-sided cover sheet (74 ag) and the double-sided cover sheet (62 ag) were coated on their outer surfaces (non-corrugated contact side). ) and the arcoduple medium (26c / 26c) was uncoated.

As can be seen from figure 13, condition 5 was a condition designed to be easier to glue on Boix equipment when it had latex in the middle and only double-sided sides (62 ag). The plan was to convert Condition 3 using the newer hot melt adhesives and convert Condition 5 using the standard Henkel adhesive for comparison. When present, even the Condition 5 trays had a glue flap that contained a BG latex sheet web, so it also required a higher-performance hot melt adhesive. The standard hot melt adhesive has not bonded to the latex coated portion of the glued flap, so it is not a low cost commercial solution.

The Hot Melt Adhesive Trials on the Boix MP-S equipment are listed below. It is important to note that the tray tabs are held together by the Boix equipment even at maximum operating speed (24 boxes per minute (bpm)).

Table 15

Judgment Conditions Executed on Boix MP-S

<table> table see original document page 40 </column> </row> <table>

* Note: A very small amount of cold-fixed adhesive has run over a portion of Condition 3B, but is much smaller than that applied under Conditions 3C, 3D, 3E, and 31.

Stacking overnight

Stacks of 25 trays in height with an additional 40 pounds of weight on top of the stack of each of the nine conditions were placed outside the plant in direct sunlight to determine if either flap would open. Conditions # 3A, BeC were on the side of out for about 3.5 hours; # 3D, EeF went off for about 3 hours; The # 3G, HeI have been outside for approximately 1.5 hours in direct sunlight and room temperature at approximately 90 ° F. Each pile was then doled out of the plant at the end of the day and examined the following morning (September 7). All tray piles maintained their structural integrity in this overnight stacking test, except for 2 boxes out of 25 which had openings by bursts with Chief 235Plus hot melt adhesive and no cold fixed adhesive.

Examination of glued tabs

Also, boxes of each number of tornadoes opened and the subjective force used to open the tabs was noted. There were three key outcomes:

• Every tray made using a deadly combination of hot melt, regardless of type, and cold bonded adhesive exhibited excellent breakage and a high tear-open force.

• Trays made with HB Fuller HL9254 and Chief 235 Plus melt adhesives and no cold-fixed slips failed significantly more strongly than those made with cold-fixed adhesive, and showed no fiber breakage.

• Trays made with the National 34-6601 Polyamide Melt Adhesive and with no cold fixed slip applied also achieved significant fiber breakage and flaps failing at high strength.

Impact of polishing glued flaps

A condition in which the outer surfaces of the model covers have been roughened or punctured to determine if the standard hot melt adhesive used in the uncoated housings (henkel 80-7883) can successfully bond to a latex-lined housing (condition 3). Using a knife, the glued flaps of various trays were drilled to simulate a lapping operation that can also be used on folded cartons as a cold glue assisted methodology. These samples were produced and demonstrated that good fiber breakage can be produced even using a less aggressive hot melt adhesive.

Sulfur Dioxide Resistance of Converted Boxes. Sulfur dioxide fumigation is used by the California tableware industry for insect control and decomposed into packed table grapes. Decay control treatment is designed to achieve a minimum of 100 CT (concentration in ppm χ time in hours), achieved either by a 30-minute treatment or a full-use treatment. The treatment for black widow spider control is a 30 minute fumigation with 6% CO2 and 1% SO2. Although there is no official requirement to monitor CTs during black widow spider treatment, laboratory studies suggest that a CT of approximately 3,000 to 3,300 ppm is required for high spider mortality. The type of packaging material used may influence the concentrations of carbon dioxide. sulfur in the fumigation room during treatment due to the potential of packaging materials to absorb sulfur dioxide. Generally, cardboard packaging material has a high sulfur dioxide absorbing rate. In fact, the cardboard box is no longer approved for use on the Black Widow Spider protocol.

Example 4: Comparison of various box types. Initial tests included two experimental boxes, # 1 and # 3. For each test, two boxes of the same type were used to pack 18 pounds of cold table grapes, kept at 20 ° C overnight to equilibrate at that temperature, and were fumigated the next day. The two boxes (25.4 liters, 0.90 ft2 each) were loaded into a 165 liter chamber and the final loading volume was 30.8%. The boxes were fumigated with 1% sulfur dioxide (1,900 mL, 100% injected SO 2) for 30 minutes at 20 ° C. Sulfur dioxide levels in the chamber were monitored at baseline and every 5 minutes using a rapid gas analyzer thereafter. A 10 mL sample was withdrawn through a rubber septum mounted in the fumigation chamber and injected into the analyzer. Sulfur dioxide concentrations over time (TC) were calculated for each test.

The results of these tests indicated that STYROFOAM boxes had the maximum CT, followed by condition # 3, then condition # 1 and finally the regular carton.

Table 16. Initial Tests Comparing Samples of Experimental Boxes with Cardboard Grape Boxes and STYR0F0AM for Sulfur Dioxide Absorbance and the Final CT Value Following a Black Widow Spider Fumigation

<table> table see original document page 43 </column> </row> <table>

In these initial tests, the grapes were placed in the crates immediately after removal and allowed to cool in the box. This likely resulted in condensation within the bags which may have reduced the final CT values for all tests.

However, it was clear that box # 3 performed better than cardboard boxes and therefore subsequent tests focused on box # 3. It should be reiterated that box # 3 was constructed and converted from the covering sheet and the middle of condition # 3 of Table 11 and described in detail above. We wondered if the amount of time the grapes were in the box after harvesting would influence the moisture absorbance in the box and subsequent sulfur dioxide absorbance.

In this next test, we heat and dry the grapes completely before placing them in the cardboard boxes. Gloves were kept in different sets of boxes for 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours before fumigation with 1% sulfur dioxide as described above. There were two separate boxes for each time point.

Table 17. Effect of the time grapes were kept in boxes before sulfur dioxide fumigation on change in box weight and sulfur dioxide absorbance.

<table> table see original document page 44 </column> </row> <table>

Over time, the boxes absorbed weight loss, but most of the weight gain occurred in the early hours and after that became slow. There was not much effect on the sulfur dioxide absorbance of grape storage up to 8 hours in the box, but perhaps a slight decrease in TC at 12 hours. The results indicate that the final CT used type # 3 box and a load factor close to 30.8% would be close to 3,000 CTs and should provide a high mortality of black widow spider.

Cold Storage Effect

The final test involved storing a box of regular untreated paper grapes and an experimental box # 3 with grapes at 0 ° C for two weeks before sulfur dioxide fumigation at 0 ° C. The boxes were weighed before and after cold storage to determine the amount of moisture gained during this period. After storage, two boxes of each type were fumigated with 1% sulfur dioxide as described above and determined the TC values.

Table 18. CT values following fumigation of regular and experimental # 3 carton grapes with 1% sulfur dioxide for 30 minutes at 0 ° C after two weeks of cold storage with grapes at 0 ° C.

<table> table see original document page 44 </column> </row> <table>

There was a clear difference between the TC values for the two types of fumigated boxes after two weeks of cold storage, with a CT value four times higher for experimental box # 3. The regular carton box absorbed more water than the experimental box # 3.

However, weight gain was also substantial for the experimental box, but this did not appear to affect much of the CT value achieved during sulfur dioxide fumigation. Shown below is the pattern of decline in sulfur dioxide concentration between the two shell types during cold storage fumigation.

As can be seen from the graph in Figure 14, the sulfur dioxide percentage in the fumigation chamber during a 30 minute fumigation with 1% sulfur dioxide. In each fumigation, two boxes of the same type, untreated cardboard boxes or experimental boxes # 3 were placed in the cold room for two weeks with gloves before loading them into the fumigation chamber in a 0.8% load factor. The final TCs are given in

Table 18 above.

Conclusions

Our results show that the experimental boxes absorbed less sulfur dioxide during a simulated black widow spider fumigation protocol than the standard cardboard grapes box. The best performance was for box # 3 which achieved a CT value 80% higher than the standard cardboard box under the test conditions employed. The CTs after fumigation in box # 3 were approximately 3,000. Accordingly, the present invention relates to a paper substrate that is capable of deconfecting a box having a CT greater than 2000, preferably greater than 2500, more preferably greater than 3000. This substrate is capable of being incorporated into a box having a hair CT. minus 2000, 2100, 2200,2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100,3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600, 3700, 3800, 3900, and 4000, thereby including any and all the subband bands. Previous laboratory test results suggest that these CTs would provide greater than 90% black widow spider mortality. In comparison, the regular cardboard grapes box of a CT of 1,500 would provide a 50% black widow spider mortality. After cold storage for two weeks, both types of crates weighed more (presumably they absorbed moisture from the air and fruit), but the experimental crate showed a smaller increase in weight and reached a four-fold higher TC than that of regular paper grapes. CT reached with box # 3 (2400 ppm * h) should provide a spider mortality of approximately 80% while CT achieved with regular cardboard box would provide a mortality of less than 30%.

Experimental box ## developed by InternationalPaper has been shown to absorb considerably less sulfur dioxide than regular cardboard table grapes and deserves additional consideration as an improved packaging material for the table grape industry.

Reduction in sulfur dioxide absorbance would probably be beneficial for decay control and black widow spider control.

Example 5: More Tests

To find a suitable replacement for STYROFOAM boxes used for long-term storage of table grapes, several different coated boxes were developed and tested in our laboratory for performance during sulfur dioxide fumigation. The box of the present invention containing the substrate of the present invention showed the best performance. Absorption of sulfur dioxide was significantly reduced compared to uncoated housing. Its performance was also superior compared to that of the breaking boxes.

Test method

Testing was performed in an airtight chamber with a mixture of air and sulfur dioxide (0.7% by weight). An empty box was placed in a test chamber and fumigated with gas mixture to completely change the atmosphere in the chamber. After fumigation, SO2 concentration was periodically measured using Drager tubes.

Results

The graph shown in Figure 15 compares results of measurements from different boxes. In order to confirm that the chamber was sealed, the empty chamber was fumigated with a gas mixture and the sulfur dioxide concentration was measured at 15 and 30 minutes. The concentration of SO2 remained constant within the limits of the experimental error (see blue line in the graph below). The remaining lines in the graph show sulfur dioxide absorption by different types of boxes. The best performing box will have a more horizontal line showing less change in sulfur dioxide concentration. The STYROFOAM box showed less SO2 absorption as expected. The uncoated box caused a dramatic decrease in sulfur dioxide concentration (orange line on the graph), which dropped by half after just 5 minutes. The GP box (blue line) behaved similarly to the uncoated box. The Weyerhaeuser box (green line) showed lower absorption of sulfur dioxide, and the Maxcobe box behaved better compared to the other two competitor boxes.

We tested two DURAC00L IP boxes (red lines). One of them was printed, the other unprinted. Overlapping the two red lines indicates good reproducibility of the data. The performance of the box according to the present invention made with the substrate of the present invention was superior to all of the decomposer boxes tested and showed significant performance improvements compared to the uncoated casing.

Inventive boxes have also been tested in the Department of Botanical Sciences laboratory at the University of California Davis. The test was performed with boxes containing grapes using the similarly loaded chamber as that used by the grape growers. The amount of sulfur dioxide introduced into the chamber was equivalent to 1% by weight. These test conditions closely simulated the grape fumigation process prior to storage. We were unable to test the breaker boxes in the same way due to logistics, however correlating the inventive box data (ie DORACOOL) obtained in our laboratory with the UC Davis results, we were able to make predictions of competitor box performance under the same conditions. Box performance is expressed by the amount of sulfur dioxide remaining in the chamber during treatment in units called CT (ppm * h). The actual CT value tested for the DURACOOL box was close to 3,000, while the Maxco box (which is the best performing competitor boxes) had a predicted CT value of 2570. Based on the overall test results, a box having a CT Approximately 2 70 0 or greater will provide black widow spider mortality greater than 90%.

In light of the above teachings numerous modifications and variations are possible in the present invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced differently from that specifically written herein.

As used from beginning to end, simplified-form ranges are used to describe each and every value within a range, thereby including all sub-ranges.

All references cited herein, as well as their references cited herein, are incorporated herein by reference with respect to the related portions relating to the subject matter of the present invention and all its embodiments.

Claims (24)

1. Paper or cardboard substrate, characterized in that it comprises a cellulose fiber web and a functional layer, and when the substrate is incorporated into a box, the box has at least one CT 100 (concentration of sulfur dioxide in ppm χ time in hours). ) achieved either by 30 minute treatment or by total sulfur dioxide treatment; and the functional layer comprises at least one film forming compound and optionally starch. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the functional layer optionally comprises starch and at least one film-forming compound selected from the group consisting of latex and styrene acrylate. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the functional layer comprises at least one film-forming compound having a Tg of not greater than 350 ° C. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the functional layer is present on the substrate in a coating weight ranging from 5 to 15 g / m2. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the functional layer further comprises at least one selected member of the group consisting of a crosslinker, a clay, a pigment, a nonstick agent, and a defoamer. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the functional layer and the cellulosic fiber web have an interpenetrating layer. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the functional layer and the cellulosic fiber web have an interpenetration layer and the interpenetration layer is less than 25% of the entire cross-section of the substrate. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the functional layer and the cellulosic fiber web have an interpenetration layer and the interpenetration layer is greater than 25% of the entire cross-section of the substrate. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the functional layer and the cellulosic fiber web have an interpenetrating layer and the interpenetrating layer is 100% of the entire cross-section of the substrate. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the functional layer and the cellulosic fiber web have an interpenetration layer and the interpenetration layer is greater than 100% of the entire cross-section of the substrate and the layer is functioning. disperses evenly throughout the screen. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the substrate has a Cobb value of less than 35 g / m2 determined by a dimensional Cobb test according to ASTM D-3285 (TAPPI T-441). Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the substrate has an increase in sulfur dioxide resistance of at least 5% greater than that of a substrate not containing the cellulose fiber web and the functional layer. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an adhesive layer. Paper or cardboard substrate according to claim 13, characterized in that the functional layer lies between the adhesive layer and the screen. Paper or cardboard substrate according to claim 13, characterized in that the functional layer is located on at least one surface of the web and between the adhesive layer and the web. 16. Substrate of paper or cardboard. according to claim 15, characterized in that the functional layer and the screen further create an interpenetrating layer. Paper or cardboard substrate according to claim 13, characterized in that a portion of the functional layer is at least on one surface of the web and between the adhesive layer and the web. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 13, characterized in that a portion of the functional layer is located on at least one surface of the web and between the adhesive layer and the web; and a screen surface is also in contact with a portion of the adhesive layer. Paper or cardboard substrate according to Claim 18, characterized in that a portion of the adhesive layer penetrates through a portion of the surface of the screen. Corrugated cardboard, characterized in that it comprises the paper or cardboard substrate as defined in claim 1. 21. Package, cartridge, or box, characterized in that it comprises corrugated cardboard as defined by claim 20. Package according to claim 21, characterized in that it has a sulfur dioxide CT which is at least 2500. Package according to claim 21, characterized in that it has a sulfur dioxide TC of at least 2 700. Package according to claim 21, characterized in that it has a sulfur dioxide CT of at least 3000.