BRPI0613162A2 - product and method for emanating vaporized active substances - Google Patents

Abstract

PRODUCT AND METHOD FOR EMANATING VAPORIZED ACTIVE SUBSTANCES. The present invention relates to an emanator for emanating at least one vaporized active substance, such as a vaporized active insecticide or an aromatic chemical in the surrounding air by passive emanation. The emanator comprises a multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fiber substrate coated and / or metered with at least one vaporized active substance. The present invention also relates to methods for emanating air-vaporized active substances in order to achieve, for example, insect control. The present invention further relates to the use of an emanator comprising a multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fiber substrate to achieve passive emanation of air-vaporized active substances.

Description

Report of the Invention Patent for: "PRODUCT AND METHOD FOR EMANATING VAPORIZED ACTIVE SUBSTANCES".

Technical Field

The present invention generally relates to substrates for emanating vaporized active substances such as aroma chemical substances or vaporized active insecticides. More particularly, the present invention relates to a polyester or polyamidamidifilamentate substrate containing at least one vapor active substance such as, for example, a pyrethroid which is effective in controlling flying insects, particularly mosquitoes.

Prior Art

Control of flying insects in an indoor or outdoor area has traditionally been achieved by using devices and devices that release insecticidal vapors into the atmosphere. Such articles or devices generally burned heat a liquid or solid substrate to vaporize the active ingredient. For example, in mosquito control, spirals impregnated with an active ingredient are burned so that the heat of combustion releases active ingredient into the atmosphere, candles containing decitronella oil burn to release citronella oil and allow it to vaporize in the atmosphere, As electrical devices are heated using electricity, the active ingredient vaporizes and is dispersed in the atmosphere. Battery-operated, wind-driven products are also used to control mosquitoes. The above mentioned products require a source of energy in the form of combustion, heating or electricity to paralyze the active ingredient. The function of products such as mosquito coils, candles, liquid vaporizers, battery-powered fans and electrically heated mats are essentially independent of the surrounding environment, since the driving force for the discharge of the asset is provided from within the system.

However, the above-mentioned articles and devices used to control mosquitoes have disadvantages. The combustion of mosquito coils requires a safe burning site and results in ashes and pleasant smoke. Burning candles exposes a naked flame and consequently requires a safe burning site, while the use of electricity to heat an insecticide device restricts portability and is expensive and unreliable in some developed countries.

Ambient emanation is a term used to describe passive evaporation of a substance into the environment immediately under ambient conditions to elicit a beneficial effect. The availability of insecticides that vaporize under ambient conditions serves to incorporate environmentally emanating products themselves that are designed to control flying insects.

Environmental emanating products designed to control flying insects have many benefits: they are efficient and do not need an internal power source such as a heater or fan; they provide continuous and long lasting protection; they do not release smoke or unpleasant odors; There is no risk of burns; They are portable, modern and practical.

Compared to the availability of traditional pest control products that require a heater or fan, ambient emanating products are uncommon. Some examples include room temperature moth repellent products that are based on the passive insecticidal evaporation of a substrate into the environment. However, known ambient temperature pest control products also have disadvantages. First, many of the prior art products are only effective in small, enclosed spaces and require significant air movement for the insecticide to be effective over a larger area of space. Secondly, there is a slight inclination in the amount of economical products that are able to function efficiently using low doses of insecticide for the control of non-moth insects such as mosquitoes.

In attempting to address the above faults, the present inventors have found an effective way to control insects, particularly mosquitoes, using a combination of cellulose-based substrate or matrix and a vaporized reactive pyrethroid that permits low passive dopyrethroid emanation of the substrate to achieve a minimum effective emanation rate. and be economical. These findings have been previously described in co-pending patent application No. GB 0326053.6, the total contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The present invention provides an alternative to the cellulose-based substrate or matrix for controlling flying insects disclosed in co-pending patent application No. GB0326053.6.

Discovery of the invention

By using a combination of a multifilamentous polyamide or polyamide substrate and a vaporized substance, the present inventors have determined a way by which passive emanation of the substrate-vaporized active substance at dose levels that achieve a minimum effective emanation rate and are economical is achieved. In addition, the inventors have determined that the emanation rate of the vaporized active pyrethroids of multifilamentous polyester or polyamide materials is significantly higher than other substrates such as paper or glass. This enables the development of products with considerably reduced emanating surface areas to achieve an effective airborne insecticide concentration. The inventors have also determined that high passive emanation rates of active steam substances, such as, for example, aromatic chemicals, are capable of being interchangeable with polyester or polyamidamultifilamentous substrates.

In a first aspect, the invention provides an emanator for emanating at least one surrounding vaporized active substance in the passive emanation comprising a multifilament polyester or polyamide substrate coated and / or dosed with at least one vapor active substance, wherein the polyester or polyamidamidiflamid substrate is in the form of a canvas is either a braided or braided fiber. Preferably, the vaporized substance is a vaporized active pyrethroid.

In a second aspect, the invention provides an emanation device for emanating an active substance vaporized by the passive emanation adapted to retain an emanator according to the first aspect.

In a third aspect, the invention provides an insecticidal emanator for emanating a vaporized active pyrethroid in the surrounding area by passive emanation, comprising a multifilamentous polyester or polyamide substrate coated and / or dosed with the vaporized active pyrethroid.

In a fourth aspect, the invention provides an insect control article emanating an insecticide into the air by passive emanation, the insect control being adapted to retain an insecticide extractor according to the third aspect.

In a fifth aspect, the invention provides a method for dewatering a passive fuming active substance, comprising:

- provide an emanator according to the first aspect;

- exposing the emanator in an environment with non-increased air movement; and

- let the vaporized active substance passively emanate from the emanator into the air.

In a sixth aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling flying insects, comprising the steps of:

- provide an insecticide emanator according to the third aspect;

- exposing the emanator in an environment with non-increased air movement; e- let the vaporized active pyrethroid emanate passively from the emanator into the air.

In a seventh aspect, the invention provides the use of an emanating device according to the second aspect to passively release an air-vaporized active substance.

In an eighth aspect, the invention provides the use of an insect control article according to the fourth aspect for controlling flying insects.

As used herein, the term "polyester fiber" or "polyamide fiber" encompasses any braided or interwoven fabric or any other knitted fabric, such as comforter or crochet, which is produced from a polyester or polyamide yarn.

According to § 303.7 Generic names and definitionsfor manufactured fibers of the Rules and Regulations under the United States Textile Fiber Products Identification Act 16 CFR Part 3 03, a "polyester" is defined as a fiber produced in which the fiber-forming substance is any polymer. long chain synthetic compound composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester of a substituted carboxylic aromatic acid, including but not limited to ρ-substituted terephthalate units (-RO-CO-C6H4-CO-O -), and hydroxybenzoate units para-substituted ρ (-RO-C6H4-CO-O -) Persons skilled in the art, however, will find that this is only a definition of the term "polyester" and other definitions are also encompassed by the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the multifilamentous polyamide fiber substrate is nylon. According to the United States Federal Trade Commission (FederalTrade Commission), "nylon" is defined as the fiber produced in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain synthetic polyamide with amidecurrent groups as an integral part of the polymer chain.

(-CO-NH-)

An amide group is shown above. People skilled in the art, however, will find that it is only a definition of the term "nylon" and other definitions are also encompassed by the invention.

It will be understood that a "substrate" is something which underlies or serves as the basis or foundation which is capable of being coated and / or metered with a vaporized active substance from which the vaporized active substance may emanate.

In a preferred embodiment, the substrate is a braided or braided substrate and, more preferably, the multifilamentous substrate is in the form of a mesh.

As used herein, the term "mesh substrate" encompasses any fiber substrate made by tying the fiber intersections to form meshes. Netting can be made of a variety of mesh sizes and weights combined for various end uses.

As used herein, the term "interlaced" substrate encompasses a method of constructing fabric by a twisted series of turns of one or more fibers. The two main classes of interlacing are arched interlacing and knitted interlacing. Further, as used herein, the term "interlaced" substrate also encompasses any fiber substrate in which one or more strands of a fiber pass through each other as they intersect with each other. This is opposite to a "braided" substrate in which one or more filaments of a fiber pass above and below each other as they cross each other.

Detailed Description of the Invention

In accordance with the present invention, the polyester or polyamide fiber substrate is coated and / or dosed with a solution containing at least one vaporized active substance. The substrate is considered to be "coated" with the vaporized active substance when the substance is partially or completely distributed throughout the substrate fibers such that the substrate fills all or any of the substrate intersections and is directly maintained on the substrate and thereby not absorbed. on individual polyester or depolyamide filaments. The substrate is considered to be "dosed" with the vaporized active substance when a specific amount of the substance is applied to the substrate and either partially or completely coats the substrate as described above.

Polyester or polyamidamifilamentous fiber substrate

It will be appreciated that a multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fiber substrate may be composed of a variety of filaments and thus be named polyester or "multifilamentous" polyamide or may be composed of a single filament and thus be named "monofilamentous" polyester or polyamide. The present invention is directed to the use of multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fiber substrates. The inventors have found that the use of polyester or multifamily polyamide fiber substrates results in increased emanation rates compared to other substrates, including cellulose-based substrates such as 18 gsm tissue paper. In general, the multifilamentous appearance also provides an increase in emanating surface area compared to monofilament materials due to an increased number of defilements present to construct the fibers. In addition, the multifilamentous character of the multifilamentous polyester or polyamide substrates increases the humidifying properties of the substrate. The ease of humidification is an important aspect as it allows the rapid distribution of an active vapor substance such as, for example, an active pyrethroid vaporized through the substrate simply by applying droplets of vaporized active substance to the substrate and allowing them to spread. By the action of capillary. In general, monofilament polyesters or polyamides do not readily wet and are therefore unsuitable for this invention, particularly when using a fingering technique that is based on the distribution of the vaporized active solution through the substrate by capillary action.

Another advantage associated with multifilamentous polyester or polyamide substrates is that vaporized active substances such as pyrethroids will vaporize to a point where there is no residual substance remaining in the substrate. When polyester or polyamidamultifilamentous substrates are dosed with, for example, pyrethroid actives vaporized in a carrier solvent, they evaporate completely. This is the opposite of what is observed with cellulose-based substrates whereby a small amount of the pyrethroid remains absorbed into the substrate and is unavailable for release under environmental conditions.

The multifilament polyester or polyamide substrate according to preferred embodiments of the invention is braided or woven fabric. In the case of a braided deflating substrate, any type of braid is suitable and may include flat, twill or satin braids, for example, which have their usual meanings in the art.

Alternatively, interlaced fabrics may include both arcuate and weft interlacing, for example, which have their usual meanings in the art. The multifilament polyester or polyamide (also referred to as a "polyester or polyamide filament" or "polyester or polyamide yarn") may be unbraided, braided or plaited or any other suitable braid or interlacing form and may be made from a continuous or continuous filament. from stapled fibers.

The polyester or polyamidamultifilamentous fiber substrate has a filament count per fiber greater than one, however counts of about 10-40 are preferred.

Preferably also the multifilament polyamide or polyamide fiber substrate has a deflection diameter of about 10-30 μπι and may be circular, trilobal, concave or any other cross-sectional shape suitable for interlacing or braiding.

Polyvalent polyamide or polyamide fiber substrates may have a larger orifice size of about 0.05 mm2, preferably about or above 0.5 mm2.

Preferably also, multifilamentous polyamide or polyamide fiber substrates have a porosity (ratio of the gap area contained within the tissue boundaries or material to the total area (solid material and elapses) expressed as a percentage) of more than about 30%, however. substrates with a porosity of more than 40% are preferred.

Multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fiber substrates may have an air permeability (expressed in centimeters per second and measured according to Australian Standard AS 2001.2.34-90 (Determination of Air Tissue Permeability) of more than about 400 cm / s However, substrates with an air permeability of more than 444 cm / s are preferred.

Vaporized active substance

(i) Vaporized Active Pyrethroids It will be understood that vaporized active pyrethroids are those which vaporize at room temperature (ie, about 18-40 ° C) without heating or combustion. Vaporized active pyrethroids are preferably selected from the group consisting of metofluthrin (1.9MPa / 25 ° C), transfluthrin (0.40 MPa / 20 ° C), empenthrin (14MPa / 23.6 ° C), methotrine, tefluthrin (8.4 MPa / 20 ° C) efenfluthrin (1.0 MPa / 20 ° C), or combinations thereof. Vapor pressures of these compounds are given in parentheses.

It will be appreciated that one or more vaporized active pyrethroids may be employed in the present invention. Preferably, the vaporized active pyrethroid is metofluthrin. Metofluthrin has a high potency against mosquitoes, flies and moths. The chemical name of metofluthrin is 2,3,5,6-tetrafluor-4- (methoxymethyl) benzyl- (EZ) - (IRS; 3RS; IRS; 3SR) -2,2-dimethyl-3- (prop-1-enyl). ) cyclopropanecarboxylate.

Metofluthrin is available from Sumitomo ChemicalCompany.

The emanation or release of vaporized active pyrethroids from multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fiber substrates in the surrounding environment may be referred to as the emanation rate or release rate shall be understood to mean the depletion of a quantity of vaporized active pyrethroids from the multifilament polyester or polyamide fiber substrate during a period of time and has a measured unit of mg / h. The emanation rate is a measure of the effectiveness of flying insect control. The inventors have found that, regardless of environmental factors such as temperature and air flow, the emanation rate is primarily affected by the air permeability and porosity of the polyester or polyamidamidifilamentous substrate for any given surface area. The amount of the active and / or dosed vaporized active pyrethroid on the substrate will determine the duration of dopyrethroid emanation.

The present inventors have found that the emanation of a vaporized active pyrethroid, preferably metofluthrin, from a multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fiber substrate into the atmosphere at a rate of at least 0.040 mg / hr, more preferably at least about 0.075 mg / hr, is required to effectively control insects. flies, particularly mosquitoes and moths at a temperature in the range of about 18-40 ° C, more preferably 21-35 ° C. Through the specification, the emanation rate of about 0.040 mg / h can be referred to as the minimum effective emanation rate (MEER). This MEER can be achieved by controlling a variety of parameters, including but not limited to the multifilamentous desubstrate type; the surface area of the available maturation and the folding of the multifilating substrate; temperature and air flow. The ability to achieve the vaporization of the activated vaporized pyrethroid from the multifilament polyester substrates according to the present invention at temperatures below 18-21 ° C contributes to the commercial viability of the various aspects of the invention.

It will be understood that an environment with non-augmented motion refers to the natural air movement that passes over and / or through the multifilamentous polyester substrate, thereby allowing the vaporized insecticide to passively emanate into the atmosphere. This excludes the use of fans, heating or other mechanical ways to increase air movement. Suitable environments include, but are not limited to, closed rooms and open volumes of space, such as similar courtyards, with air movement provided by natural causes such as breeze coming in through windows or people moving around a room.

Throughout the specification, the term "passive emanation" is used to describe the process by which vaporized reactive pyrethroid emanates from the multifilamentous polyester substrate into the atmosphere without the application of external energy.

As noted above, the active dopyrethroid vapor emanation rate of the multifilamentous polyester substrate is affected by a variety of parameters, regardless of environmental factors such as temperature and air flow, including air permeability and porosity. This in turn means that products that are effective in killing and / or repelling insects at different time periods, such as 8h and 300h, could be different.

Some air movement is required for the oproid to emanate from the substrate in the atmosphere. The rate of reduction increases with increased air flow. A minimum flow rate, such as movement of people or open windows and / or gates, is sufficient to allow a minimum dimming rate of about 0.040 mg / hr, and the preferred dimming rate of about 0.075 mg / hr.

The vaporized active pyrethroid may be applied to the polyester or polyamid multifilament fiber substrate by any method known to those skilled in the art, for example, a pyrethroid solution could be applied by dropping, spraying or dipping.

(ii) Aroma chemicals

In one embodiment of the invention, polyester or polyamide fiber substrates may be coated and / or metered with natural or synthetically derived aromatic chemicals. These include substances preferably having a melting range of about 60-250 ° C (for example, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, including aldehydes, ketones, esters, oxides, hydrocarbons and sesquiterpene monoterpene alcohols such as linalool, geraniol, citronellal, citral, geranial menton, linalyl acetate, debornyl acetate, 1,8-coneol and limonene); and essential oils.

The term "essential oils" shall be understood to mean a volatile and aromatic liquid which is isolated by a physical process from an odorous plant of a single botanical species. The oil bears the name of a plant from which it is derived; for example, rose oil and lavender oil. Such essential oils obtained from plants can be extracted by distillation, steam distillation, expression or by extraction with organic fats or solvents.

It will be understood that "aromatic chemicals" are natural or synthetic isolates which have an aroma. Natural isolates are removed mechanically (eg by distillation) or chemically (e.g. hydrolysis or salt formation) from a natural essential oil. The isolates are then modified. For example, rose and lavender oils may be distilled to produce finalool, which may then be acetylated to make minalyl acetate. Aromatic chemicals are the main constituents of essential oils. These constituents are generally monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, including but not limited to alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, oxides and hydrocarbons. Preferably, natural or synthetically derived aromatic chemical substances have a boiling point in the range of approximately 60-250 ° C.

Aromatic chemicals may be applied to the polyester or polyamid multifilament fiber substrate by any method known to those skilled in the art, for example, a solution of the aromatic chemical could be applied by dropping, spraying or dipping,

(iii) Carrier solvent

According to the invention, the multifilament polyamide or polyamide fiber substrate may be coated and / or metered with the active vapor pyrethroid, preferably metofluthrin, dissolved in a solvent carrier. The carrier solvent may be any solvent or combination of solvents in which the spray-activated pyrethroid is soluble.

The inventors have identified two important physical properties of solvents that can be used to characterize and classify preferred carrier solvents. The first is the boiling point and the second is the evaporation rate according to ASTM D3539-87.

Preferably, the carrier solvent has a boiling point in the range between about 33-285 ° C, more preferably about 50-265 ° C.

The carrier solvent may be selected from, but not limited to chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g. 1,1,1-trichloroethane, dichloromethane, chloroform); alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, n-propanol); ketones (e.g. acetone); mixtures of alcohol and ketone (eg acetone / ethanol (1: 1 by volume)); normal paraffins with a boiling range of about 155-2760 ° C (eg Norpar 12); de-aromatized aliphatic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof in the boiling range of about 33-2650 ° C (eg pentane, heptane, hexane, Exxsol D40, Exxsol D80 and Exxsol D100); isoparaffins in the boiling range of about 150-285 °. C (e.g. Isopar G and Isopar M); glycol ethers in the boiling range of about 120-243 ° C, natural or synthetically derived aromatic chemicals as discussed above. Norpar, Exxsol and Isopar solvents are all available from Mobil Exxon.

The inventors have also found that using low boiling solvents with high evaporation rates will be effective as carrier solvents. The inventors have also found that the use of higher boiling point solvents with lower evaporation rates leads to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

The multipurpose polyester or polyamid fiber substrate is coated and / or metered with the vaporized pyrethroid, preferably metofluthrin in a solvent carrier.

The vaporized active pyrethroid, preferably metofluthrin, is dissolved in the carrier solvent and the resulting solution is applied to the multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fiber substrate, so that the vaporized active pyrethroid is preferably distributed through the multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fiber substrate. The carrier solvent used is preferably a solvent that does not evaporate within about 10 minutes after application to the multi-stranded polyester or polyamide fiber substrate and most preferably is characterized by having a high boiling point and a low evaporation rate. However, the evaporation rate of the carrier solvent is required to be faster than that of the vaporized active pyrethroid.

Preferably, the carrier solvent has a boiling point in the range of about 120-285 ° C, more preferably about 150-265 ° C, and may be selected from known solvents including, but not limited to, normal paraffins of a range. boiling point range of about 155-276 ° C, such as Norpar 12, unaromatized aliphatic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof in the boiling point range of about 150-265 ° C, such as Exxsol D40, Exxsol D80 and Exxsol D100; isoparaffins in the boiling range of about 150-285 ° C, such as Isopar G and Isopar M and glycol ethers in the boiling point range of about 120-243 ° C.

In a preferred embodiment, the carrier solvent used has an evaporation rate according to ASTMD3539-87 or less than about 1.0, a boiling point in the range of about 120-285 ° C, preferably about 150-265 ° C. ° C.

It will be appreciated that solvents used to apply a vaporized active pyrethroid to the polyester fiber or multifilament polyamide substrate may be employed as carrier solvents in all aspects of the present invention which require a carrier solvent.

While the use of carrier solvents is discussed with particular reference to the vaporized active pyrethroids, it will be appreciated that the use of carrier solvents as described above is contemplated along with the application of any vaporized active substance to the polyester or polyamidamidified substrate requiring the presence of a solvent carrier.

Insect control

The polyester or multi-filamentous polyamid fiber substrate, insecticide emanators and insect control devices of the present invention are used in a mode for controlling flying insects.

Flying insects can be selected from, but not limited to, biting dipterous pests (order Diptera) such as mosquitoes (Culicidae family), spotted gnats (Ceratopogonidae family), blackflies (F.Simulidae), gunpowder mosquitoes (certain Psychodidae) and biting flies (various families, eg Muscidae and Tababidae) and non-biting dipterous insects (eg flies and mosquitoes of various families including, but not limited to, Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Drosophilidae, Chironomidae and Psychodidae) and certain moths (order Lepidoptera). Preferably, the multifilament polyester substrate and insect control devices of the present invention are used to control mosquitoes.

It will be understood that "control" of the flying insect population includes, but is not limited to, any combination of killing, repelling (bite inhibition) or killing a flying insect. It will be appreciated that a typical format of measuring an insecticide's performance is in the form of "slaughter" or the use of "sting inhibition" studies.

Articles to retain the emanator of the invention

While it is envisaged that the emanator comprising the polyester fiber or polyamid multifilament substrate is a self-supporting structure, this is not always the case. In configurations in which the emanator is not self-sustaining, an article capable of retaining and sustaining the emanator will be necessary. Accordingly, the present invention also provides an insect control article and an emanation device for retaining the insecticidal emanator or emanator as described herein. It will be appreciated that the insect control article or manometer device of the present invention may take any form, provided that it is capable of retaining the insecticidal emanator or emanator as described herein, in order to achieve the emanation of the vaporized active substance into the air.

In one embodiment, the insect emanating device or insect control article is in the form of the packaging means as described in No. GB 0326056.9 (PCT / GB20 04/004369), the total contents of which are incorporated herein. In such form, the emanator, or insecticidal emanator, comprising the multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fiber substrate, will have at least two ends which are attached to two support plates of or aligned with the protective material into which the vaporized active substance is unable to migrate. or be absorbed. Figure 5 shows an emanator 1 according to one embodiment of the invention comprising a double-ended multifilament polyester mesh substrate 3 which are connected to two support plates 5, 7. The two support plates are then capable of being retained in a packaging form. comprising a cover, base and a longitudinal member extending therebetween as described in No. GB 0326056.9 (PCT / GB2004 / 004369).

The emanator comprising a multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fiber substrate, when retained in the insect control article or the accordion emanating device with the various aspects of the invention may be folded between an open form and a closed form, so that it is an expandable arrangement. "resealable". This means that when the emanation of the vaporized active substance is not required, the polyester fiber or polyamid multifilament substrate / insect control article may be closed and stored in a manner that minimizes the surface areas exposed to the environment containing the vaporized active substance. In contrast, when emanation of the vaporized substance is required, the multi-filamentous polyamide or polyamide fiber substrate / insect control article may be expanded in an open form, thereby increasing the surface area of the multi-filamentous polyamide or polyamide fiber substrate containing the active vaporized substance. It is exposed to the atmosphere, allowing the vaporized active substance to be emanated into the atmosphere.

It will also be appreciated that since the multi-stranded polyester or polyamide defibrate substrate is coated / dosed with, for example, the vaporized activated pyrethroid, it may need to be stored for significant periods of time. It is therefore important that the packaging material or protective material is effective in minimizing the release / emanation rate of the vaporized active pyrethroid from the multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fibrate substrate in the atmosphere. This is most successfully achieved when the packaging material or The protective material is a material through which the vaporized active pyrethroid will not migrate and / or be absorbed.

Preferably, the packaging / protective material used in the present invention is selected from, but not limited to glass, foil, preferably aluminum foil, and laminates thereof; polyester, polyester metallized, heat-sealable polyester film, polyester-based film and formed sheet, such as crystalline ePET amorphous PET, and their laminates; and methyl acrylonitrile-acrylate copolymers and their laminates.

It has been found that when the multi-filamentous polyester or polyamide fiber substrate is packaged in the presence of a significant amount of solvent carrier, a larger range of packaging materials and protectors may be used than when the polyamide defibrate substrate or multi-filamentous substrate is packed in the absence, or in the presence of a small amount of carrier solvent.

To better understand the invention, a variety of examples will now be described with reference to the following figures.

Brief Description of the Figures

Figure 1 is a graph showing the amount (mg) of methofluthrin emanating from a multifilamentous polyester substrate as a function of time. Paper (18 gsm) is used as a control.

Figure 2 shows photographs of the multifilamentous polyester or polyamide fabrics (# 1 through 8, 11, 19 and 22) as tested and discussed in Example 3. All photographs are taken on the same scale.

Figure 3 shows a photograph of a braided monofilament polyester substrate that is outside the scope of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a bar graph showing bioefficacy results as discussed in Example 4.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of an emanator according to one embodiment of the invention.

As previously described, the polyester or polyamide substrates of the invention refer to polyester or polyamidamidifilamentous fiber substrates (Figure 2), as opposed to monofilament (Figure 3). The present inventors have found that high emanation rates of vaporized substances are capable of being achieved with polyester fiber substrate or polyamid multifilament compared to other substances such as paper or glass. Without wishing to be bound to the theory, this is probably due to the increased substrate porosity and air permeability.

Examples

Example 1 - Determination of the demetofluthrin emanation rate of a range of substrates

A strip of multifilamentous polyester fabrics (as described in Table 1) of size 625 cm 2 (equivalent to the size of an A4 sheet of paper) were methofluthrin (50 mg) to determine the rate of maturation of these substrates.

Metofluthrin was dissolved in Norpar 12 and dosed into the substrate using a pipette. A 0.8 mL volume of metofluthrin in Norpar 12 solution was required to achieve complete humidification of all polyester tissues examined. The samples were suspended and aged in a low air flow 280 ° C chamber for up to 50 hours. The amount of metoflutrin remaining in the samples was measured at various intervals during the aging period.

Figure 1 shows an example of a graph obtained from one of these experiments carried out using multisolid polyester (7) with a density of 51 gsm and a porosity of 60%. The amount of metofluthrin released from the sample is plotted as a function of time. Best fit line generated is used to calculate sample release rate. In all experiments, 18gsm (A4 flat) paper was used as a control.

A summary of the relative emanation rates for parametofluthrin is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

<table> table see original document page 31 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 32 </column> </row> <table>

Density (gsm) is defined as the substrate mass (g) per unit area (m2).

bPorosity (%) is defined as the ratio of the volume of air or vacuum contained within the boundaries of a material to the total volume (solid matter plus air or vacuum expressed as a percentage. From the above results, it is concluded that increased ratios are achieved from many polyester fabrics examined compared to 18 gsm paper.The results also demonstrate that essentially linear deliberation kinetics are observed for amethofluthrin emanating from all samples tested.

Example 2- Determination of Metofluthrin Emanation Rate from Various Substrates in relation to Air Permeability of Substrates

The air permeability of a multifilamentous polyester strip and other substrates (randomly designated sample codes, Table 2) was investigated to determine the effect of air permeability on the evaporation rate of a vaporized active substance in the substrates.

Air permeability was tested using the Australian Standard AS 2001.2.34-90 method. Air permeability is used in the evaluation and comparison of the breathability of various end-use fabrics such as waterproof covers, tents and specialized clothing. The principle of the test is that air is drawn through a specified area of tissue. The air flow rate to a specified depression difference between the two tissue surfaces (face and back) is achieved. Airflow is measured and air permeability is calculated.

The emanation (evaporation) rate of a solvent (Norpar12) from the samples in Table 2 was also determined by measuring the weight loss of substrates against time.

Approximately 0.5 g of solvent was sprayed evenly onto the specified substrate area (625 cm 2), which was placed on a specially designed low weight metal hook. The hook was positioned on an electronic scale so that weight loss over time could be recorded. The substrate remained in a flat state and fully extended during the experiment so that the solvent could evaporate under ambient conditions. All samples were measured under the same conditions to compare solvent evaporation from each substrate. Results are expressed in terms of a relative evaporation rate. The relative evaporation rate is expressed as the half-life of Norpar12 once it evaporated from Norpar 12's split-life substrate once it evaporated from 18gsm paper. As an example, it is understood that a substrate with a relative evaporation rate of 2 will have a solvent evaporation rate twice the evaporation rate of 18 gsm under ambient conditions.

A summary of air permeability and relative evaporation data is shown in Table 2.

Table 2

<table> table see original document page 35 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 36 </column> </row> <table>

Density (gsm) is defined as the substrate mass (g) per unit area (m2).

bPorosity (%) is defined as the ratio of the volume of air or vacuum contained within the boundaries of a material to the total volume (solid matter plus air or vacuum) expressed as a percentage.

c Non-porous substrate where the evaporating surface is independent of porosity or density.

From these results, it is concluded that the evaporation rate of a substrate is clearly dependent on the air permeability of the substrate. Substrates with an air permeability greater than 444 cm.s "1 (which is the measurement limit) show dramatic increases in the evaporation rate compared to those substrates with reduced air permeability. In addition, based on metofluthrin wasting from multifilamentous polyester substrates (see Example 1) where the sample (polyester multifilament braided voile (1)) had an emanation rate of 1.5 compared to 1.0 paper 18 gsm, it is concluded that an arminimal permeability of about 400 cra.s "1, more particularly 424cm.s" 1 is required to achieve faster metofluthrin emanation rates than 18 gsm paper under ambient conditions.

Example 3 - Determination of the demetofluthrin emanation rate with respect to various parameters tested on a variety of substrates

Air permeability, evaporation half-life, relative evaporation rate, and metofluthrin release rate (relative to methofluthrin release rate on 18gsm = 1 paper) was determined for a variety of polyester and polyamide fiber substrates as shown in Table 3. Photographs of the present tissues are shown in Figure 2.

The results demonstrate that good metofluthrin release rates are achieved with all multifilament polyester or polyamide fiber substrates. The results also demonstrate that since air permeability (measured as described in Example 2) of the various polyester and polyamidamidifilamentous fiber substrates approaches and exceeds 400 cm.s "1, metofluthrin release rates and increased evaporation are achieved for the substrates. multifilamentous polyester fiber in relation to the evaporation rate as measured on 18 gsm paper The results further demonstrate that increased metofluthrin release and evaporation rates are achieved for the multifilament polyester and polyamide fiber substrates as compared to 18 gsm paper as substrate porosity approaches and exceeds 30% .A decrease in evaporation half-life (min) of a C12 hydrocarbon solvent with air permeability and increased substrate porosity is also observed, suggesting that the evaporation of a vaporized active substance (in this case a solvent hydrocarbon (C 12) is dependent on substrate porosity and air permeability. For example, a significant decrease in the evaporation half-life of the C12 hydrocarbon solvent is observed for substrates with a porosity above about 30% and an air permeability above about 400 cra.s "1.

The results further confirm that of all the multifilamentous polyester and polyamid fiber substrates tested, the best results were achieved with the multifilament screen substrates; that is, with the interlaced polyester fabric (in terms of the highest relative metofluthrin release rate), with interlaced nylon mesh, and with the interlaced polyester fabric (in terms of the highest relative evaporation rate).

Table 3

<table> table see original document page 39 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 40 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 41 < / column> </row> <table>

* Evaporation half-life based on C12 hydrocarbon solvent

** For paper 18 gsm = 1 *** For paper 18 gsm = 1

Example 4 - Example of Bioefficacy

In this example, the mosquito-bite inhibiting properties of insecticide-treated multifilament braided polyester fabrics were compared with insecticide-treated paper. The surface area / dose response ratio of these two substrates was also investigated.

Several pieces of multifilament braided polyester fabric and 18 gsm paper were dosed with metofluthrin according to the following table, amethofluthrin being previously dissolved in 0.8 mL of normal paraffin solvent (boiling range 189-218 ° C).

Table 4

<table> table see original document page 42 </column> </row> <table>

The amount of active was reduced in proportion to the progressive reduction in the geometric surface area of the substrates. As a result, the amount of active area unit remains constant for each treatment. Two separate tests were compared to evaluate this substrate. It is also important to understand that the geometric surface area of the substrate and not the amount of metofluthrin present determines the release rate. In this respect, the inventors have found that the rate of reduction is independent of metofluthrin concentration. The treated substrates were, in turn, suspended from the ceiling center of a 40 m3 purpose-built test chamber, the test chamber being maintained at a temperature range of 26-280 ° C and a relative humidity range of 50-70%.

After 15 minutes, 100 Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes were introduced into the test chamber.

An evaluation of the bite inhibition was conducted 5 minutes after the release of the mosquitoes. In this evaluation, a human forearm was introduced into the chamber through an opening in the chamber wall. The amount of mosquitoes landing and trying to bite was counted within 2 minutes and the procedure was repeated using a second opening to give a total exposure of 4 minutes during the evaluation time.

This procedure was repeated to provide one total and three (3) replicates per test formulation, an untreated control being also performed to establish mosquito bite density.

The percentage of mosquito repellency for the respective treatments was then calculated against untreated control.

As can be seen from Figure 4, for inhibition of the 8 gsm paper mosquito bite, equivalent to the surface area of the substrate is reduced, there is a clear drop in effectiveness. However, good depicted inhibition results are observed for all surface areas examined for interwoven polyester fabric.

The fume rate studies presented in Example 2 showed that metofluthrin release from interlaced polyester fabric is faster than that of 18 gsm paper. The inhibition results depicted in this example support the conclusion that the absolute rate of metofluthrin reduction is substrate dependent, and subsequently this rate is proportional to the surface area of the substrate.

In the present study, and in the case of 18 gsm paper from smaller surface areas, the emanation rate is reduced to an extent that is no longer effective against mosquitoes.

However, for the polyester fabric it has been shown that although the emanation rate is reduced in the smaller surface area samples, the amount of metofluthrin emanating under these conditions is still effective counterchecks.

Interlaced polyester fabric achieves an effective vapor concentration (as measured by% mosquito-repellency) of metofluthrin faster than 18 gsm paper due to its higher global release rate from this substrate.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various variations and / or modifications may be made to the invention as shown in specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.

Claims (26)

1. Emanator for emanating at least one passivated emanating air-activated active substance comprising a coated and / or dosed multifilament polyester or polyamide fiber substrate as at least one vaporized active substance, characterized in that the multifilamentous polyamide or polyamide fiber substrate is in the form of a canvas is either an interwoven or braided fiber. Emanator according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one vaporized active substance is a vaporized active pyrethroid. Emanator according to claim 2, characterized in that the vaporized active pyrethroid is selected from any of metofluthrin, transfluthrin, empenthrin, methotrine, tefluthrin or phenflutrin or combinations thereof. Emanator according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the activated vaporized pyrethroid is metofluthrin. Emanator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one vaporized active substance is a carrier solvent. Emanator according to claim 1, characterized in that the vaporized active substance is an aromatic chemical substance. Emanator according to Claim 6, characterized in that the vaporized active substance is an essential oil. Emanator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multifilamentous polyester or polyamide substrate is in the form of a web. Emanator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyester or multifilamentous polyamide substrate is a braided fiber. Emanator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyester or polyamidamidifying substrate is a braided fiber. Emanator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multifilamentous polyamide fiber substrate is nylon. Emanator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyester or multi-filamentary polyamid fiber substrate has an air permeability of more than about 400 cm / s. Emanator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyester or multi-filamentous polyamid fiber substrate has an air permeability of more than about 444 cm / s. Emanator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyester or multi-filamentous polyamid fiber substrate has a porosity of more than about 30%. Emanator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyester or polyamidamidifilamentous substrate has a porosity of more than about 40%. Emanator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyester or polyamidamidiflamentous substrate has a hole size of more than about 0.05 mm 2. Emanator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyester or polyamidamidified substrate has an orifice size of about or more than about 0.5 mm2. Emanator according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is for the control of flying insects. Emanator according to claim 18, characterized in that flying insects are mosquitoes. An emanation device characterized in that it is for emanating an air-vaporized active substance by passive emanation adapted to retain an emanator as defined in any one of the preceding claims. 21. Insecticidal emanator for emanating an active vaporized pyrethroid into the surrounding air by passive emanation characterized by comprising a multifilamentous polyester or polyamide substrate coated and / or dosed with the vaporized active pyrethroid. Insect control article for emanating an insecticide in the air by passive emanation characterized by the fact that said insect control article is adapted to retain an insecticidal emanator as defined in claim 21. A method for emanating an active substance vaporized by passive emanation characterized by the fact that it comprises: - providing an emanator as defined in any one of claims 1 to 19, - exposing the emanator in an environment with non-increased air movement; letting the vaporized active substance emanate passively from the emanator into the air. 24. Method for controlling flying insects characterized by understanding the steps of: - providing an insecticidal emanator as defined in claim 21, - exposing the emanator in an environment with non-increased air movement; and letting the vaporized active pyrethroid emanate passively from the emanator into the air. Use of an emanating device according to claim 20, characterized by the step of emanating passively an active substance vaporized into the air. Use of an insect control article according to claim 22, characterized in that it is for controlling flying insects.