BR202019019895U2 - OPTIMIZATION PROCESS OF THE COMMUNICATION SATELLITE FREQUENCY SPECTRUM - Google Patents

Abstract

the present utility model patent called “process of optimization of the frequency spectrum of communication satellites”, belonging to the area of telecommunications specifically in the category of communication via geostationary orbit satellites of the type fss (fixed satellite service); consists of the use of the modulation standard called dvb-s2 extended (dvb-s2x) that provides framing structure, with transmission modes that offer significantly greater and more efficient capacity to attend professional transmissions, added with the “last generation” codec video developed by the broadcasting industry; the union of the evolution of the modulation technique (dvbs2x) with the high efficiency video / audio compression technique (hevc / h.265), together provide the most efficient use of the frequency spectrum of the communication satellites, with a decrease in the bandwidth in the order of 2/3, without degradation of the subjective quality of the received signal, and consequently the increase in bandwidth availability for customers and the services offered. the main objective of this process is the creation of space in the frequency spectrum of communication satellites, thus comprising the digitization of the analogue channels of open TV (tvro service) in the ku band, with the advantage of making them less vulnerable to terrestrial inferences from the band c (3g, 4g or 5g mobile telephony).

Description

Descriptive Report

Process of Optimization of the Frequency Spectrum of the Communication Satellites [1] The present Utility Model Patent called “Process of Optimization of the Frequency Spectrum of the Communication Satellites”, belongs to the Telecommunications area specifically in the category of Communication via Orbit Satellites Geostationary type FSS (fixed satellite service), regardless of its operating band (C or Ku); has as main objective the more efficient use of the Frequency Spectrum of the band occupied in these referred Satellites; thus providing space for activating new services as well as new customers.

[2] This Process basically describes the use of the DVB-S2 Extended modulation standard (DVB-S2X) defined by the DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting Project) Consortium aggregated with the high efficiency video / audio compression standard HEVC (H.265 ) defined by the Moving Image Experts Group - MPEG). Applies only to services that use domestic equipment (low cost) at reception points.

[3] Digital TV links via Communication Satellite (HDTV) in bands C and Ku, are responsible for the dissemination of sports, religious, musical programs, reports, films, telesales, etc. The images and sounds are captured by digital electronic devices (cameras, microphones, receivers, DVDs, etc.) that direct them to the video / audio editing equipment (editing tables, switchers) of the TV stations, which in turn , after processing, take them to the transmission equipment and later to the Satellites, strictly following the Norms of the DVB Consortium and the MPEG Group for a perfect reception signal recovery.

[4] Digital TV transmissions via satellite currently use digitization techniques defined by the European Modulation Standard of the ETSI Technical Standard

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EN 302 307 (European Telecommunications Standards Institute), known as the Digital Video Broadcasting Project (DVB); second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for broadcasting and broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2 European Standard). Compatible with the AVC (H.264) digital data and video / audio compression technique, also known as MPEG-4; this specification was developed jointly by the ITU-T Video Coding Specialist Group (VCEG) and the ISO / IEC Moving Image Experts Group MPEG Group of Experts.

[5] The Digital Video Broadcasting Project (DVB) is a Consortium led by broadcasting industries, manufacturers, TV broadcasters, network operators, software developers, regulators, content owners and other elements committed to creating global standards for the provision of television and digital data services. The DVB Consortium promotes market-oriented solutions that serve the economies of stakeholders in the broadcasting industry, operators and consumers.

[6] DVB standards (DVB-S, DVB-C and DVB-T) cover all aspects of television from transmission through data interface, conditional access and interactivity for video / audio; used worldwide.

[7] The DVB-S2 standard, second generation of the DVB-S standard, specifies the use of Pilot (optional) and roll-off filter factors (20%, 25% or 35%); it is intended to execute the Direct To Home Service (DTH) and the TV Receiver Only Service (TVRO) with reception through the Domestic Digital TV Receiver via Satellite, existing in stores specialized in retail trade and later directing the received signal in high resolution (Full HD) for digital televisions in the homes of viewers (users), as well as for the collective antenna systems of condominiums and hotels or for the Terrestrial TV Transmission Towers (SBTVD).

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Page: 3 of 11 [8] Among the various services available in the Communication Satellites type FSS (VSAT, DSNG, contribution, data transmission, telephony, telemetry, Analog TV, Digital TV, etc.) the service known as “DTH - Direct To Home ”(Direct Reception at the User's Home)” and the service known as “TVRO - TV Receiver Only” (Open TV Reception), are the only services that allow the use of low-cost (domestic) equipment at the end reception area, located in the viewer's home (Figure 1). The other services sold in the Communication Satellites involve professional equipment with high investments and advanced technologies, mainly in the link of descent.

[9] Domestic reception equipment, purchased at specialized retail stores and installed by pay-TV operators (DTH Service) or by users in their homes (TVRO Service); compatible with the band (C or Ku) of the Satellite used by the service; are formed by Satellite Dish, Low Noise Amplifier (LNBF), Domestic Digital TV Receiver via Satellite (Set Top Box) and digital television (Plasma screen, LCD or LED) or analog television (cathode ray tube screen) , set known as Domestic Earth Station via Satellite (Figure 1).

[10] Due to the great variety and need for services provided via Satellite; since they provide communications over long distances, as well as large coverage areas of the beams, and mainly the limitation of the Transponders (linear channel of the satellites) available, usually with 36MHz band each, they are already running out and lack of space for activation from other services and customers, forced telecommunications experts to use the high-efficiency video / audio compression standard HEVC (H.265) which is the latest generation of video / audio compression technology with greater compression capacity than the AVC High Profile standard (Η.264). The HEVC (H.265) standard supports all commonly used progressive scan image formats, ranging from QVGA (320x240 pixels) to UHD resolution (4K), as well as image formats of arbitrary size. The high-efficiency HEVC (H.265) video / audio compression standard improves the subjective quality of

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Page: 4 of 11 image and sound in comparison to the AVC standard (H.264), using its main characteristic which is the operation with low info bit rate.

[11] Taking advantage of the main feature of the HEVC (H.265) high-efficiency video / audio compression standard, it has been added to the Extended DVB-S2 (DVB-S2X) modulation standard that specifies the use of Pilot (mandatory), roll-off filtering factors 5% and 10%, and finer modulation-type steps with an extensive FEC variation range (error correction factor), thus increasing the efficiency of using the Frequency Spectrum, as well as the flexibility to define the “link calculation” where the best ratio (Eb / No x Info rate) of the downlink is chosen; as a function of the C / No ratio of the receiving earth station, directly interconnected with the gain of the satellite dish, gain and noise temperature (or noise figure) of the low noise amplifier (LNBF) used in the receiving stations.

[12] It is concluded that the combination of the DVB-S2X modulation standard with the HEVC (H.265) video / audio compression standard becomes the ideal solution (trend) for creating additional space in the frequency spectrum , enabling the activation of new services, new customers as well as new channels in the pay TV programming schedule (DTH Service) involving digital video / audio signals, providing the optimization of the use of the occupied band of the Communication Satellites (claim 1 ).

[13] This Utility Model Patent called “Process of Optimizing the Frequency Spectrum of Communication Satellites” is divided into two (2) distinct parts, for greater understanding; they refer to the DTH (Direct To Home) Service performed by pay-TV operators and the TVRO Service (TV Receiver Only) performed by Open TV broadcasters.

[14] In the first part dealing with the DTH Service (Pay TV), we can see the current occupation of the Transponders (satellite linear channel), in the Ku band

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Page: 5 of 11 of the Communication Satellites, using the DVB-S / DVB-S2 modulation standard and the AVC video / audio compression standard (H.264), occupying the entire available band (36MHz) and using the power of Transponder saturation (Figure 3). With the migration to the most advanced modulation techniques (DVB-S2X) and high-efficiency video / audio compression (HEVC / H.265) using the suggested configuration parameters, we will have a reduction of occupied band in the order of 2/3 , as shown in the table below (Figure 6).

Modulation DVB-S DVB-S2 DVB-S2X Modality Single-carrier Single-carrier Multi-carrier Pattern QPSK 8PSK 16APSK FEC 3/4 3/5 3/4 Pilot - On (optional) On (required) Roll-off factor 20% 20% 5% Symbol rate 29,892 Ksps 29,892 Ksps 11,429 Ksps Busy band 35.978 MHz 35.870 MHz 12 MHz Information rate 41,435 Kbps 51,999 Kbps 33,101 Kbps Es / No 6.03 dB 5.36 dB 10.09 dB Eb / No 4.62 dB 2.96 dB 5.47 dB C / No 80.80 dBHz 80.12 dBHz 80.67 dBHz Video compression MPEG-2 AVC (H.264) HEVC (H.265)

[15] Note: the application for “Link Calculation” (Satellite Network Calculator) was used, made available on the website of a renowned modulator manufacturer, member of the DVB Consortium.

[16] The suggested link configuration parameters were strictly respected the values indicated by the manufacturer of the Latest Generation Domestic Digital TV Receiver (Set Top Box) available in retail trade and mainly the band occupied by the transmitted signal (12MHz).

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Page: 6 of 11 [17] After a detailed analysis of the data presented in the comparative table (above) of the modulation standards defined by the DVB Consortium, it is concluded that the DVB-S2X modulation standard is the one that best meets (the trend) the need reduction of the occupied band, together with the high efficiency video / audio compression standard HEVC (H.265), which supports low bit rates of information (bit rate or info rate), perfectly satisfying the subjective image quality and sound recovered at reception. Therefore, it is concluded that this Process presented is only feasible with the replacement (by pay-TV operators) of the Domestic Digital TV Receivers currently used in Earth Reception Stations, by the Latest Digital Home Digital TV Receivers existing in the retail trade.

[18] The Domestic Digital Satellite TV Receiver (Set Top Box) is called the Last Generation, due to the implementation of electronic components (chipset, RAM memory, processors, etc.) with high speed of information processing, compatible with the DVB-S2X modulation standard and the HEVC (H.265) video / audio compression standard, recently launched by the broadcasting industry, thus enabling the implementation of new links via Communication Satellite and mainly with low production cost consequently low cost of acquisition by the end user; becomes the only option for the execution of the “Process of Optimization of the Frequency Spectrum of the Communication Satellites” described in this Utility Model Patent.

[19] The Latest Generation Digital Home Satellite TV Receiver (Set Top Box), which operates in the configuration of DVB-S2X / HEVC standards (H.265) has the versatility to operate in the lower layers of the modulation and compression standards , that is, it also operates in the DVB-S / MPEG-2 and DVB-S2 / AVC (H.264) standard configurations, thus facilitating the signal migration.

[20] In the second part of this Patent, which deals with the TVRO Service (analogue channels of Open TV), we can see the current occupation of the Transponder (linear channel of the satellite), in band C applied only in the Brazilian Satellite,

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Page: 7 of 11 using the FM modulation standard of aggregated video and audio, without compression and without encryption, occupying the entire band available on the Transponder (Full Transponder mode - 36MHz) and occupying half the available band on the Transponder (Half Transponder mode - 18MHz) , Figures 3 and 4 respectively. With the migration to the most advanced modulation techniques (DVB-S2X) and video / audio compression (HEVC / H.265), using the suggested configuration parameters, we will have a reduction of occupied band in the order of 11/12 for modality Full Transponder and 5/6 for Half Transponder mode, as shown in the table below (Figure 5).

Modulation Analog Analog DVB-S2X Modality Full Transponder Half Transponder Multi-carrier Pattern FM FM 16APSK FEC - - 3/4 Pilot - - On (required) Roll-off factor - - 5% Symbol rate - - 2,857 Ksps Busy band 36 MHz 18 MHz 3 MHz Information rate - - 8,275 Kbps Es / No - - 10.09 dB Eb / No - - 5.47 dB C / No - - 74.65 dBHz Video compression - - HEVC (H.265)

[21] Note: the application for “Link Calculation” (Satellite Network Calculator) was used, available on the website of a renowned modulator manufacturer, member of the DVB Consortium.

[22] The suggested link configuration parameters were strictly respected the values indicated by the manufacturer of the Domestic TV Receiver

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State-of-the-art Digital (Set Top Box) available in retail trade and mainly the band occupied by the transmitted signal (3MHz).

[23] The Latest Generation Domestic Digital TV Receiver via Satellite (Set Top Box), is considered essential (trend) for the digitalization of the analogue channels of Open TV existing in the Brazilian Communication Satellite, which currently occupy a 36MHz band (modality Full Transponder) and 18MHz band (Half Transponder mode). Using the suggested link configuration parameters, which occupy a 3MHz band (Figure 5), we will not only have a considerable reduction in the occupied band in the proportion of 11/12 (Full Transponder) and 5/6 (Half Transponder) , as well as an exceptional subjective improvement of the video / audio signal received by the end user; switching from the PAL-M or NTSC analog video signal of VGA resolution (640x480 pixels) to the Digital HD TV (HDTV) signal of Full HD resolution (1920x1080 pixels), claim 2.

[24] It is recommended that the migration of this TVRO Service be carried out in the Ku band, making it less vulnerable to terrestrial interference (IMT - ERB's from cell phones, WiMax service, ignition of combustion engines, aircraft altimeter radar, etc.) existing in band C (claim 3), and especially the “Open Signal” (without Conditional Access System) is maintained, dispensing the activation of encrypted systems. According to the ITU Radiocommunication Conference (International Telecommunication Union) this frequency range was planned and coordinated globally in 1983 to receive Satellite Broadcasting, a plan made with guaranteed frequency spectrum protection for broadcasters worldwide (claim 4) .

[25] Another considerable advantage provided by the digitalization of the analogue channels of the TVRO of the TVRO Service on Brazilian Communication Satellites is the reduction in the amounts paid to the Satellite Operator for the rental of the band used, today charged on the basis of "US $ / MHz" ( claim 5).

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Page: 9 of 11 [26] Summary of the technical advantages highlighted, from the operation of the TVRO Service in the Ku band, on the downlink (claim 6):

Less vulnerable to terrestrial interference (commented above).

Less vulnerable to gusts of wind (causing deformation of the antenna).

Less signal attenuation due to the accumulated dirt on the antenna parabola (plate).

Less signal attenuation due to the lack of screen in the screened parabola (dish) of the C band antenna.

Less signal attenuation due to the accumulation of water in the galvanized sheet parabola (plate) of the C band antenna.

Smaller antenna / LNBF set, facilitating installation, antenna pointing and system maintenance (claim 7).

Antenna / LNBF set of less commercial value for purchase (claim 8).

Low Noise Amplifier (LNBF) single point with several independent outputs, serving several simultaneous reception points (8 points maximum) with only one satellite dish.

[27] The Next Generation Digital Home Satellite TV Receiver (Set Top Box) has a digital video output connection in HDMI v1.4 format and an analog video output connection (CVBS) in PAL composite video format. -M or NTSC and analog audio (stereo) to meet the demand of users who have not yet purchased digital television (LED screen).

[28] It is suggested to create a “Social Kit” formed by the Satellite Dish, Low Noise Amplifier (LNBF), Domestic Digital TV Receiver via Latest Generation Satellite, RGC-6 coaxial cable (20 meters) and connectors (2 ), to be distributed to low-income users, participants in social programs offered by the Federal Government (Cadastro Único), as well as distributed to Indigenous Communities and Quilombola Communities, thus speeding up the completion of the digitization of the analogue channels of Open TV (Service TVRO) of band C (claim 9).

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Page: 10 of 11 [29] Follow the “Step by Step” (flowchart) of this Utility Model Patent referring to the Process of Optimizing the Frequency Spectrum of the Communication Satellites (Figure 2):

Step 1: Activation of the Mirror Carrier with the schedule to be migrated.

Step 2 - DTH Service: Acquisition of new Domestic Digital TV Receivers via Next Generation Satellite by the pay TV operator.

Step 2 - TVRO Service: Disclosure of the transmission parameters (satellite, frequency, polarization and symbol rate) of the Mirror Carrier, through the communication channels of the Open TV broadcasters, in order to guide the user customers to acquire the new equipment and subsequently install and activate them.

Step 3 - DTH Service: Training of installers and strategy for carrying out the replacement service for domestic receivers in operation.

Step 3 - TVRO Service: Acquisition of new equipment and campaign for the distribution of new equipment (Social Kit) for low-income customers.

Step 4 - TVRO Service: Survey of customer users to learn about the proportionality of accession of points already migrated.

Step 5: Shutdown (blackout) of the Original Carrier from the Schedule; when the index of migrated points reaches 90% for the TVRO Service or 18 months after the start of the transmission from the Mirror Carrier to the DTH Service.

Step 6: Release the band occupied by the Original Programming Carrier to activate new customers as well as new services.

[30] Here are the comments regarding the figures presented in this Patent:

[31] In figure 1 we can see the block diagram of a typical Domestic Earth Station via Satellite, installed by the user in his home, or installed by the pay TV operator. The characteristics / identifications of the blocks shown are as follows:

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Page: 11 of 11 ¹ Satellite dish (off-set), Ku band, “live time” environment

Universal LNBF (single point), Ku band, environment “at the time”

Domestic Digital Satellite TV Receiver, “air-conditioned” environment

Television set (digital or analog), “air-conditioned” environment [32] In figure 2, we can see the flowchart of the “Process for Optimizing the Frequency Spectrum of the Communication Satellites” presented in this Utility Model Patent.

[33] In figure 3 we can see the occupation of the satellite's linear channel (Transponder), when used by the TVRO Service in the Full Transponder mode (36MHz), characterized by Analog TV in the FM modulation standard of the composite video signal (PAL- M) and aggregate audio (stereo). This figure also represents the occupation of the Transponder by the DTH Service when used with the DVB-S2 / AVC (H.264) standards.

[34] In figure 4 we can see the occupation of the satellite's linear channel (Transponder), when used by the TVRO Service in the Half Transponder mode (18MHz), characterized by Analog TV in the FM modulation standard of the composite video signal (PAL- M) and aggregate audio (stereo).

[35] In figure 5 we can see the occupation of the satellite's linear channel (Transponder), when used by the TVRO Service in digital mode (suggested) occupying 3MHz of band, characterized by Digital TV (HDTV) in the DVB-S2X modulation standard and HEVC (H.265) video / audio compression standard of the 3G / HD / SD-SDI digital video / audio input signal without compression (transport stream).

[36] In figure 6 we can see the occupation of the satellite's linear channel (Transponder), when used by the optimized DTH Service as described in this Utility Model Patent, occupying 12MHz of band.

Claims (9)

Claims Process for Optimizing the Frequency Spectrum of Communication Satellites 01- The Process of Optimizing the Frequency Spectrum of the Communication Satellites is characterized by creating space in the Transponders (linear channel of the Satellites), applying the advanced modulation technique (DVB-S2X) combined with the advanced video compression technique (HEVC /H.265), without prejudice to the subjective evaluation of the received video / audio signal; regardless of the service used. 02- The Process of Optimization of the Frequency Spectrum, when applied to the digitalization of the analogue channels of the Open TV (TVRO Service) in the Ku band, is characterized by creating space in the Transponders (linear channel of the Satellites), using the advanced modulation technique ( DVB-S2X) added with the advanced video compression technique (HEVC / H.265), without prejudice to the subjective evaluation of the received video / audio signal; providing a considerable improvement of the received signal, transforming the composite video signal (PAL-M or NTSC) and analog audio to the digital signal of high resolution Full HD (HDTV). 03- The Process of Optimization of the Frequency Spectrum, when applied to the digitalization of the analogue channels of the Open TV (TVRO Service) in the Ku band, is characterized by reducing the vulnerability to interfering signals of great proportions in the C band, mainly of the ERB's of the Operators Mobile Telephony (3G, 4G and 5G), as well as the altimeter radar (altimeter) of the aircraft, the ignition of the combustion engines, the WiMax service, etc. 04- The Frequency Spectrum Optimization Process is characterized by modernizing the type of operation of the TVRO Service, using the Ku band of the Communication Satellites, which offers several advantages over the C band, thus equaling the Brazilian Service to the Operation of the main worldwide digital satellite TV stations. Petition 870200008879, of 19/01/2020, p. 14/21 Page: 2 of 2 05- The Frequency Spectrum Optimization Process is characterized by providing great savings in the amounts paid to the Satellite Operator, by renting the occupied band, regardless of the service used. 06- The Frequency Spectrum Optimization Process, when applied to the digitalization of the analogue channels of the Open TV (TVRO Service) in the Ku band, is characterized by decreasing the attenuation of the received signal, due to the accumulation of dirt in the parabola (dish), the accumulation of water in the parabola (plate) of galvanized sheet and gusts of wind; very common effects occurred in band C. 07- The Process of Optimization of the Frequency Spectrum, when applied to the digitization of the analogue channels of the Open TV (TVRO Service) in the Ku band, is characterized by the antenna / LNBF set being less bulky, thus facilitating the installation, the pointing of the antenna and maintenance of the reception system. 08- The Process of Optimization of the Frequency Spectrum, when applied to the digitalization of the analogue channels of the Open TV (TVRO Service) in the Ku band, is characterized by being acquired, by the users, for cheaper commercial values (cheaper) of the set antenna / LNBF. 09- The Process of Optimization of the Frequency Spectrum, when applied to the digitalization of the analogue channels of the Open TV (TVRO Service) in the Ku band, is characterized by creating a “Social Kit” formed by the antenna / LNBF and Domestic Digital TV Receiver via State-of-the-art satellite to be distributed to low-income users, participants in social programs offered by the Federal Government (Cadastro Único), as well as distributed to Indigenous Communities and Quilombola Communities; thus speeding up the completion of the digitalization of the analog channels of the Open TV (TVRO Service) of band C.