BR202016026087U2 - single-body integrated three-pole polymeric switch control and protection electronics - Google Patents

Abstract

single-body integrated three-pole polymeric switch the control and protection electronics that uses a new concept in which both the medium voltage interrupter element and its command, control and power electronics are in one polymeric body, which will be self-powered by Primary network, installed to potential, integrating the protection, sectionalization, fault indication and communication functions in one device, to be used as an automation device, integrated to the control centers, as well as a protection device against short-term transient currents. circuits; The utility model will allow the reduction of the interruption times of electrical circuits, reducing interruptions when transient events occur, as well as the isolation of sections that may present permanent events; Because it has a long-range communication radio with client or repeater operation, the device will allow long distance communication, sending its status to the control centers, reducing the time needed to identify the faulty sections of the air network; Its low cost, weight and ease of installation will make it possible to expand automatic control and supervision solutions for overhead power grids.

Description

(54) Title: TRIPOLAR POLYMERIC SWITCH INTEGRATED IN A SINGLE BODY WITH COMMAND AND PROTECTION ELECTRONICS (51) Int. Cl .: H01H 85/00; H01H 45/04; H01H 51/27 (73) Holder (s): CELSO GARCIA LELLIS JUNIOR, LUIZ ANDRÉ DANESIN, AYRES ANTONIO PAES DE OLIVEIRA (72) Inventor (s): AYRES ANTONIO PAES DE OLIVEIRA; CELSO GARCIA LELLIS JUNIOR; LUIZ ANDRÉ DANESIN (85) Start date of the National Phase:

08/11/2016 (57) Abstract: TRIPOLAR POLYMERIC SWITCH INTEGRATED IN A SINGLE BODY WITH COMMAND AND PROTECTION ELECTRONICS that uses a new concept in which both the medium voltage interruption element and its command, control and power electronics meet in a single polymeric body, which will be self-powered by the primary network, installed at potential, integrating the protection, sectionalization, fault indication and communication functions in a single device, to be used as a device for automation, integrated into the control centers, as well as a protection device against transient currents derived from short circuits; The utility model will allow the reduction of the interruption times of the electrical circuits, reducing the interruptions in the occurrence of transient events, as well as allowing the isolation of sections that may present events of a permanent nature; As it has a long-range communication radio, with the characteristic of operating as a client or repeater, the device will allow communication along (...)

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DESCRIPTIVE PATENT REPORT OF THE UTILITY MODEL OF A “POLYMERIC TRIPOLAR SWITCH INTEGRATED IN A SINGLE BODY TO COMMAND AND PROTECTION ELECTRONICS” [001] This reference refers to the utility model of a “POLYMERIC TRIPOLAR SWITCH INTEGRATED BY UNDERTAKING UNDER BODY. AND PROTECTION ”. The utility model proposed here uses a new concept in which both the medium voltage interruption element and its control and protection electronics are found in a single polymeric body, which is self-powered by the primary electricity network and installed at potential .

[002] Such an interrupting element is encapsulated in an injected polymeric body, mounted on a polymeric bar, composing a low-cost and heavy three-phase power equipment, which can be used in the maneuvering or protection functions of overhead electric power networks, in replacement of current equipment, or even used in the line outlets of the substations' electrical networks. Its gain occurs in the drastic reduction of cost, weight, and in the integration with communication elements by radio frequency technology or optical fiber, incorporated in the final product.

[003] The utility model can use two different forms of mechanical drive. By a bistable magnetic actuator described in the filed patent number BR 10 2016 024353-0, authored by two of the authors of that patent, coupled to a conventional vacuum switch (the so-called Vacuum Ampoules), or by a mechanical actuation system, made magnetic dipole, mounted in the same way as the electrical contacts, which makes

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2/16 both elements are subjected to the same barometric pressure, described in that same patent.

[004] Associated with this, we have an electronic set consisting of a CPU, a power supply system, a 900 MHz radio, with RF MESH or Ponto - Multi Point technology and a transceiver for optical fiber, which perform the control functions, protection and communication of the switching element, allowing its remote management and integration to intelligent electrical networks.

[005] The power supply for this whole set is provided by a high transformer current (TC) with a nanocrystalline core, “loop / ampere”, which converts the current passing through the distribution network cable into voltage (Volt). of electrical energy, being aided by a set of photovoltaic panels coupled in the upper part of the polymeric bar. This power supply maintains the loading of a group of supercapacitors, destined to supply the necessary energy, both for the activation of the opening and closing devices of the electrical contacts, as well as supplying power to the control electronics, responsible for the management of the functionalities of the equipment.

[006] The whole set consists of three switch elements and an electronic module that, integrated with a polymeric bar, make up a complete three-phase switch equipment, eliminating the use of external control panels. The utility model can be used to replace the automatic reclosers and switches, in overhead electrical distribution networks, or to replace the circuit breakers, at the medium voltage outputs of 15KV or 27 KV of the substations. It was developed to support

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3/16 rated currents from 530A to 800A, with interruption levels from 12.5KA to 20 KA (depending on the dimensions of its components), enabling its use in the main branches of the electricity distribution networks. This same utility model may, with constructive modifications, be used as an interruption element in medium voltage cubicles, replacing the traditional three-phase vacuum switches, resulting in a reduction in weight, size and cost compared to current solutions.

[007] Area electrical networks, widely used as a box for the distribution of energy, present problems caused by vegetation and climatic events, which result in short transient circuits, causing constant power interruptions. This has a direct consequence for energy distributors, in the worsening of their quality of supply indexes to consumers, as well as representing a high cost of maintenance and operation. For consumers, it represents a major inconvenience, caused by the constant lack of energy.

[008] The state of the art uses two main automation equipment to mitigate problems in overhead electricity distribution networks; reclosers and switchgear. Such equipment is currently the only solution to address these problems and has been installed, both in overhead networks and in the medium voltage outputs of substations. The current solutions have a high cost, high maintenance rate and are still products built under the same principles for 40 to 50 years.

[009] Before the creation of vacuum ampoules, and for a long time

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4/16 time after their introduction in the market, the switches were isolated by CF6 gas, which caused enormous environmental problems, in addition to representing a point of weakness in the equipment that needed sensors to monitor the pressures of the extinguishing tanks, as well as, a program of periodic exchange of the insulating gas to guarantee its operation. The same occurred with insulating oils that needed periodic verification of their insulating conditions, in specialized laboratories and suffered from problems generated by the absorption of water in the oil, reducing their insulating characteristics. The introduction of vacuum extinguishing technology, through glass or ceramic ampoules, was an innovation that brought many benefits in the use of equipment, solving environmental problems and eliminating the need for frequent maintenance or complex systems for monitoring and disposal.

[010] “Vacuum ampoules have the advantage of using vacuum as an insulating element, ensuring high insulation, as well as being made up of physically small elements, which facilitated the creation of smaller weight and dimension switches. They are associated with mechanical assemblies called “magnetic actuators, responsible for the closing and opening action.

[011] However, this innovation brought some limitations in its use, or rather, it demanded some characteristics in the construction of solutions, which today can be better addressed by other forms of implementation.

The principle of “vacuum interrupters is the existence of a significant pressure difference between the switching element and the

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5/16 external world, in which the magnetic actuator is installed. In addition, the form of insulation between the internal and external components is made using metal foils, to allow the mechanical movement of your contacts.

[012] Figure 1 shows, schematically, the operation of a switch solution using the traditional “vacuum interrupters”. In it we can identify the electrical contacts (1), the current outlet contact (2), the metallic closing cap (3), the vacuum insulating medium (4), the ceramic / glass ampoule (5), the folie movement (6), the lower closing metal cover (7), the magnetic actuator (8) and the opening spring (9).

[013] The contacts are closed by moving the magnetic actuator shaft (8) in the direction shown in the figure (from bottom to top). During this movement, the actuator stores mechanical energy in the opening spring (9) that will be used in the process of opening the contacts. The contacts are opened in the opposite direction (from top to bottom). For this, the magnetic actuator moves its axis using the magnetic force of its piston, associated with the mechanical force stored in the opening spring. This is due to the need for great force associated with the high opening speed during the interruption of current, to overcome the pressure differential between the internal vacuum (PO) and the external atmospheric pressure (P1), and interrupt the arc in the shortest time possible.

[014] Thus, the principle of current vacuum interruption systems must necessarily be strong enough to overcome the internal / external pressure difference to which the ampoule is exposed.

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6/16 subjected, in addition to the natural resistance of the mechanical folie, which imposes another limitation, the opening and closing speed of the switching element. As an example, a magnetic actuator requires 60KGF, to close a simple 15KV / 630A vacuum ampoule, per pole.

[015] The practical result of this is the construction of medium voltage interruption equipment that requires a lot of energy for its operation, with typical solutions, large electrolytic capacitors and batteries to store and supply energy in the openings and closings of the contacts.

[016] This makes automation and protection equipment for electrical networks complex and costly, requiring panels, metal boxes, shafts, springs and a multitude of mechanical elements for their operation. All this represents costs and points of failure and maintenance that end up limiting its use on a large scale.

[017] Another complicating factor in this solution is the need to use batteries to maintain the energy necessary for the operation of state-of-the-art equipment, due to its high consumption. Batteries are items that require periodic maintenance and have low reliability, as they cannot be easily monitored, even with constant maintenance routines. The use of batteries is increasingly becoming a major problem for utilities, as the number of automation equipment has been spreading through electrical networks.

[018] The state of the art reclosers and switchgear are made up of two distinct parts; the element of

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7/16 power (circuit breaker) and the control element (protection relay and power and drive system), interconnected by means of an electric cable. Its enclosure is made by a metallic cabinet, which results in a final product of high complexity, weight and which uses many different materials for its construction. As an example, a typical 15KV recloser, has a switch weight of around 120Kg, and its control in the 60 Kg range.

[019] The utility model presented here addresses technical solutions for most of the limitations and problems presented by state of the art products. The use of the bistable magnetic actuator described in the filed patent number BR 10 2016 024353-0, dispensed with the use of springs to aid the mechanical movement of opening the contacts, since the use of rare earth magnets, associated with a different mechanical format, has resulted in a product that requires little energy to drive, great strength and high speed. In comparison, a magnetic actuator typical of the state of the art uses, at each actuation, around 105 Joules while the bistable actuator referenced here uses only 15 Joules.

[020] This constructive characteristic allowed the development of a three-phase solution that uses supercapacitors, instead of batteries for their activation, allowing the power to be supplied directly from the medium voltage networks, avoiding the use of auxiliary voltage transformers, and allowing that the set is assembled in a single polymeric body, reducing its complexity and eliminating corrosion and wear problems.

[021] Regarding the polymeric body, both the base box,

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8/16 as the respective insulating bushings of the utility model, use an unprecedented resin from the manufacturer DuPont, whose composition guarantees its physical and chemical integrity for the period of 30 years. Both parts are injected under high pressure, ensuring high repeatability, low production losses and reduced weight and use of material.

[022] This new manufacturing approach represents an undeniable evolution, when compared to the bicomponent resins used in state-of-the-art equipment, which are injected at low pressure, present high industrial losses, derived from the formation of bubbles, and use a large amount of polymeric material , resulting in high weight and cost. In addition, the low pressure injection process has much lower productivity than the high pressure ones, requiring curing times around days.

[023] The attached figures describe the product in detail. However, their proportions are merely references, and may undergo changes to fully meet the requirements of the utility model, in which.

Figure 2 represents a front view of the utility model, indicating the final assembly with the 3 polymeric bushings, the basic polymeric box and the electronic control;

Figure 3 represents a cross-sectional view of the insulating bushing embedded in the actuation and interruption element, which may be both the actuation system that uses the magnetic bistable, coupled to a traditional “vacuum ampoule”, and the actuation element already integrated in the switch, both in vacuum, described in patent filed under number BR 10 2016

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024353-0. Detail 14, shown in figure 3, schematically represents the “ampoule + actuator” set. More constructive information on that specific product can be obtained in the drawings of the respective patent;

Figure 3, in addition to the constrictive detail above, indicates the terminals for the current cables (10), the connection thread to the terminals (11), the drive element and switch of the patent BR 10 2016 024353-0 (14), the silicone insulating jacket (13), the insulating adapter sleeve (15), the measuring current transform (16), the self-feeding current transformer (17), the main conductor shaft (18), the ducts for the passage of the control and signal cables (20), control cables (21), signal cables (22) and screws for fixing to the lower polymeric housing (19);

Figure 4 represents a front view and Figure 5 a top view of the polymeric box indicating the polymeric box (30), the photovoltaic cells for auxiliary power (26), the metallic inserts for fixing the insulating bushings (23), the holes for passage of signal and command cables (24), the cavity for fixing the electronic command, control and communication box (27), the electrical interconnection connector (29) and the fixing insert for the electronic command, control and control box communication (28);

Figure 6 represents a front view, figure 7 a side view, figure 8 a top view and figure 9 a sectional view of the electronic command, control and communication box, that is, figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 represent the views of the electronic box; The front view (fig. 6) indicates the lock lever (32), control lever (33), connector (31), fixing pin (39) captive washer (40), status LED (35), lock LED (36), operation LED (37),

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10/16 RF antenna (38), fixing eye (34) and guide (41). The side view (fig. 7) indicates the metal electronics box (42) and guide (41); The top view (fig. 8) indicates the metal electronics box (42), guides (41), connector (31) and hole through the fixing pin (43). The sectional view (fig. 9) indicates the connector (31), fixing pin (39), metal housing (42), guides (41), electronic plate (45), captive washer (40), fixing eye ( 34) and RF antennas (38);

Figure 10 represents the parts of the equipment, where the insulating bushings (48) and the electronic box (49) are fixed in the polymeric box (47) as indicated by the arrows;

[024] In the drawings, the block diagram page 8, figure 11 of the utility model is presented schematically, containing its main parts and interactions.

[025] The utility model presented here is based on the principle of use of the patent already filed under number BR 10 2016 024353-0, by two of the authors of this patent, which solve the problems related to the need for high energy for switching the switch elements. The patent filed under number BR 10 2016 024353-0, described as “ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR, BIESTABLE, CLOSED FIELD, WITH EXTERNAL COIL AND AM VACUUM POLE” describes two products that can be used individually. The first product describes a bistable magnetic actuator, closed field, whose actuation coils are external to the ferromagnetic body, using as a principle for the activation of the vacuum switch element coupled to it, a magnetic dipole that, due to its constructive characteristics, uses the magnetic force as a movement element, eliminating the storage of mechanical energy in a spring.

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The second product, described in that same patent, describes a single element that is totally polymeric, in which both the interrupting contacts and the closed-field, bistable magnetic actuator, responsible for the mechanical actuation, are subjected to vacuum. Both solutions bring enormous advantages in drastically reducing the need for energy for opening and closing, enabling the industrial design presented here.

[026] These new actuation and interruption elements, described in patent BR 10 2016 024353-0, are inserted in a polymeric bushing (figure 3), allowing its external assembly, and integrated with a polymeric box (figures 4 and 5), in which is installed all necessary electronics for its operation (figures 6, 7, 8 and 9), including control, performance and communication. As already stated, the operating principle of the devices of the patent BR 10 2016 024353-0 enables this mechanical formatting, due to the need for a reduced amount of energy for its mechanical movement of opening and closing the electrical contacts.

[027] This results in a unique polymeric set (figure 2), weighing around 25 kg, containing all the elements necessary for its operation. It can be connected to the operation centers of energy companies by radio frequency, which radio is already integrated into the utility model, allowing its remote operation. Due to its low energy consumption, derived from its constructive principle, it does not need batteries and can be powered by the primary circuit energy, when installed at potential, or by a low voltage supply. This same solution can be installed at the substations' medium voltage lines exits, playing an identical role to the current ones

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12/16 circuit breakers, but with its integrated protection, command and communication electronics.

[028] The actuation and interruption elements described in the patent BR 10 2016 024353-0 will be inserted in a polymeric bushing injected at high pressure (figure 3), using high insulation resin manufactured by DuPont, which has all the physical characteristics / chemicals to meet this application. The use of high pressure injection technology, to the detriment of traditional bicomponent resins, injected at atmospheric pressure that are used in state-of-the-art solutions, results in a product with better repeatability, as it is free of bubbles, higher productivity and low weight, with direct impacts on reducing production costs. Its low weight is derived from the high dielectric strength of 33.5 kV / mm, compared to the resistance of 20.0 kV / mm of traditional two-component resins, combined with a greater mechanical resistance, which allows the production of insulating wall plugs. 3.0 mm thick, compared to 21.0 mm for bicomponent resins.

[029] In a polymeric box (figures 4 and 5), 3 bushings (figure 3) will be associated with their respective switch elements (14) and current sensors (16) and self-supply transformers (17), from which only one will come out. small conductor for sending the electric drive command (21), and another for sending the phase current signal (22). This polymeric box (figures 4 and 5) houses a pair of solar panels (26) and the removable control module (figures 6, 7, 8 and 9) that contains the electronic command, control and communication set, consisting of a plate circuit board (45) with an ultra low CPU

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13/16 power, a 900 MHz radio communicator, a power supply with energy storage by supercapacitors, in addition to the operating levers (32), and locking levers (33). As the energy consumption for the mechanical drive is minimal, such an electronic assembly has reduced dimensions. This electronic set is coupled to the polymeric box (figures 4 and 5), by a quick-connect connector (31), and uses as a fixing element an endless screw (39) with lifting eye (34), allowing its easy maintenance in field using only a working instrument of the electrician teams called “rod takes it all”, which allows the hook in the lifting eye (34) and its threading to the polymeric box (figures 4 and 5) directly from the ground, without the need for use aerial baskets or stairs.

[030] The utility model is powered by the use of a Nanocrystalline core CT (16), which provides the necessary energy for the operation of all control electronics (figures 6. 7. 8 and 9) and provides energy to be stored by the supercapacitor bank (46) necessary for the operation of the set to perform the functions of opening and closing the electrical contacts, as well as for maintaining its operation, even when the medium voltage power circuit is de-energized. This set of supercapacitors must be previously charged by auxiliary energy at low external voltage, being kept operational when installed in the electrical network. A set of photovoltaic panels (26) guarantees the maintenance of energy for its operation and communication for a long period, even in the condition of interruption of the medium voltage circuit.

[031] The complete set consists of a single body

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14/16 polymeric, coupled to a control module in a polymeric box of small dimensions, without the need for external control panels, batteries, interconnection cables, or any other element. The utility model was designed to be easily installed next to the crossheads of the aerial distribution posts, in the same way that conventional reclosers are installed. For cases in which the utility model is installed to the potential, it will not be necessary to add lightning bolts or the prediction of earthing points. Similarly, the set can be installed in substations and include a remote interface as an accessory, with a display and buttons whose communication will take place via the radio integrated into the control module or via fiber optic cable.

[032] As it is entirely built with polymeric resins injected at high pressure, the utility model does not require finishing paint, surface treatment of any kind, nor additional mechanical protections. The product can be installed in saline areas or with high humidity, not suffering from the constant oxidation problems, so common in products installed over time. Its embedded electronics is mounted in a watertight metallic box, free of moisture, also resulting in better environmental conditioning.

[033] Its configuration is performed by software, with connection by the integrated radio, allowing its configuration and adjustments to be carried out locally, or by the telecommunications system, remotely. Two polymeric levers, installed in the control module, allow its manual opening and closing command, as well as the digitally activated lock command. Such levers have coupling

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15/16 electromagnetic, without axial axes, thus ensuring total tightness of the control and protection module.

[034] Thus, the utility model fully replaces the current three-phase reclosers, automated switches or medium voltage circuit breakers, with advantages of low cost, low weight, low maintenance and ease of installation. This same utility model can be used as a switch circuit for medium voltage cubicles instead of the current three-phase switches, with the same advantages presented here.

[035] The basic functions to be performed by the “TRIPOLAR POLYMERIC SWITCH INTEGRATED IN A SINGLE BODY TO COMMAND AND PROTECTION ELECTRONICS” are:

1) Identification of electrical network transients, differentiating what is a fault current, from what is an “in roush” current, allowing the adjustment of actuation curves by time versus current;

2) Configuration to operate as an automatic sectionalizer, upstream of a recloser, allowing the configuration of the actuation currents, as well as, the number of cycles for actuation;

3) Fault identifier function, allowing to signal transient or permanent faults, locally and remotely;

4) Acting as a switch, receiving a remote control signal from the Control Centers;

5) Integration with radio in 900 MHz free band, low consumption and high sensitivity and coverage, operating as a communication module in client or repeater mode.

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16/16 [036] In the drawings we present, in schematic form, the block diagram page 8, figure 11 of the utility model containing its main parts and interactions.

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Claims (6)

CLAIM 1 - “TRIPOLAR POLYMERIC SWITCH INTEGRATED IN A SINGLE BODY TO COMMAND AND PROTECTION ELECTRONICS” characterized by using a new concept in which both the medium voltage interruption element and its command and protection electronics are in a single polymeric body, integrating protection, sectionalization, fault indication and communication functions in one device. 2 - “TRIPOLAR POLYMERIC SWITCH INTEGRATED IN A SINGLE TO ELECTRONIC COMMAND AND PROTECTION BODY” according to claim 1, characterized by using low consumption current switches based on patent BR 10 2016 024353-0, for the opening and opening actuation closing of your medium voltage electrical contacts. 3 - “TRIPOLAR POLYMERIC SWITCH INTEGRATED IN A SINGLE BODY TO COMMAND AND PROTECTION ELECTRONICS” according to claim 1, characterized by having command and control electronics (figures 6, 7 and 8), and three-phase insulation bushings (figure 2 ) integrated by means of a single polymeric box (figures 4 and 5), forming a single body to be installed directly in overhead medium voltage electrical distribution networks. 4 - “TRIPOLAR POLYMERIC SWITCH INTEGRATED IN A SINGLE BODY TO COMMAND AND PROTECTION ELECTRONICS” according to claim 1, characterized by having electronics Petition 870180066851, of 08/01/2018, p. 11/34 2/2 of command and control (figures 6, 7 and 8), containing the entire electronic set of control, power, energy storage and activation of the mechanical actuation elements in a single polymeric, airtight box, fixed to the main body of the model usefulness, by means of a fixing pin (39) activated by eyebolt (34), allowing its installation and removal to be made by a maneuver stick, directly from the ground, as well as its opening / closing actuation (32) and lock / unlocking (33). 5 - “TRIPOLAR POLYMERIC SWITCH INTEGRATED IN A SINGLE BODY WITH COMMAND AND PROTECTION ELECTRONICS” according to claim 1, characterized by having two operating levers (32 and 33), with contacts activated by magnetic means, without axial mechanical axes , for executing a command to open / close the medium voltage electrical contacts (14), as well as to lock and unlock their automatic operation. 6 - “TRIPOLAR POLYMERIC SWITCH INTEGRATED IN A SINGLE BODY WITH COMMAND AND PROTECTION ELECTRONICS” according to claim 1, characterized by being self-powered by the load current of the medium voltage network, by means of high-performance nanocrystalline core CT / amper (16), aided by photovoltaic panels (26) that store energy through a supercapacitor bank (46), guaranteeing its operation even in the absence of energy in the primary medium voltage network. Petition 870180066851, of 08/01/2018, p. 12/34 1/8