BR122017003395A2 - reference cell enhancement for shared cell - Google Patents

Abstract

improvement of the shared cell reference signal in the embodiments, apparatus, methods and storage means may be described to distinguish, by user equipment (eu), a reference signal (rs) transmitted by a cell that may have the same identifier (id) as another cell in a network. a user equipment (eu) comprises a receive circuitry for receiving a discovery reference signal (drs) and reference signal circuitry (rs) coupled to the receive circuitry, the rs circuitry to: identify a time domain offset parameter associated with drs; and perform, based on the displacement parameter, a measure related to drs.

Description

IMPROVEMENT OF THE REFERENCE SIGN FOR SHARED CELL

Divided from Order BR 11 2016 019287-7, deposited on 2/4/2015

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This application claims priority from US Patent Application No. 14 / 555,259, filed on November 26, 2014, entitled “REFERENCE SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT FOR SHARED CELL (Reference Cell Enhancement for Shared Cell), which claims priority for US Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 985,355, filed on April 28, 2014, entitled “Reference Signal Enhancement for Shared Cell ID Scenario” and the Application for Shared Cell ID Scenario, and US Provisional Patent No. 61 / 968,269, filed on March 20, 2014, entitled “OTDOA Based Positioning Enhancement, whose entire disclosures are hereby incorporated in their entirety for reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The modalities of the present invention generally refer to the technical field of identifying the reference signal in cellular radio networks.

HISTORY [0003] The description of the background provided here is intended to present in a general way the context of the revelation. The inventors' work

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2/65 presently named, to the extent that it is described in that background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing are not expressly or implicitly admitted as prior art against the present revelation. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the approaches described in that section are not prior art to the claims in the present disclosure and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in that section.

In some networks, the observed arrival time difference (OTDOA

Observed Time

Difference of

Arrival) can be used to locate the physical position of user equipment (UE

User

Equipment). Specifically, a reference signal (RS

Reference Signal), such as a positioning reference signal (PRS

Positioning

Reference Signal), can be transmitted from multiple transmission stations (sometimes also referred to as transmission points (TPs - Transmit Points), and the

EU can measure a time difference from the reference signal (RSTD

Reference Signal

Time Difference) for each

RS received. Transmission stations can be, for example, access points,

E evolved B nodes (eNBs - evolved NodeBs), remote radio heads (RRHs

Remote Radio Heads) or some other type of base station for a network (collectively referred to here as “broadcast stations).

[0005]

In some cases, broadcast stations can be broadcast stations in a network scenario

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3/65 coordinated multiple point (CoMP - Coordinated Multiple Point). In such cases, the transmitting stations may have identical physical cell identifiers (PCIDs). In such a scenario, the allocation of the RS sequence or resource element (RE - Resource Element) of the RSs of each transmission station can be identical, since the RS sequence and the RE mapping can be initialized by the identical PCIDs, which can result in identical RSs. Additionally, the REs in which the RSs are transmitted can be identical, since the allocation of resource elements can also be based on identical PCIDs. As the RSs transmitted from the multiple transmission stations are identical, and transmitted in identical REs, the signal received in the UE may appear as combined waveforms of a single frequency network (SFN - Single Frequency Network) that can be indistinguishable from each other . Consequently, the UE may not be able to measure the RSTD for each cell.

[0006] Similarly, Primary Synchronization Signals (PSSs), Secondary Synchronization Signals (SSSs), Cell Specific Reference Signals (CRSs) and Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RSs) (collectively referred to here as Discovery Reference Signals) (DRSs) from the different TPs can

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4/65 can also be indistinguishable from each other, since DRSs can also be based on the identical PCID used by each transmission station. As used herein, the various reference signals, such as PRS, PSS, SSS, CRS, CSI-RS, DRS, etc., will be generically referred to as RSs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0007] The modalities will be readily understood through the following detailed description together with the attached drawings. To facilitate this description, the same reference numbers designate the same structural elements. The modalities are illustrated as an example and not as a limitation in the figures in the attached drawings.

[0008] Figure 1 schematically illustrates a high-level example of a network that includes a UE and an eNB, according to several modalities.

[0009] Figure 2 schematically illustrates a high-level example of a network that includes a plurality of cells, according to various modalities.

[0010] Figure 3 illustrates an example of RS timing in a network, such as the network in Figure 2, according to several modalities.

[0011] Figure 4 illustrates an example of RS muting mode in a network, such as the network in Figure 2, according to several modalities.

[0012] Figure 5 illustrates an example process that can be performed by a transmission station in a network, such as the network in Figure 2, according to various modalities.

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5/65 [0013] Figure 6 illustrates an example process that can be performed by a UE of a network, such as the network of Figure 2, according to several modalities.

[0014] Figure 7 illustrates an example process that can be performed by a transmission station on a network, such as the network in Figure 2, according to

various modalities. [0015] Figure 8 illustrates one process in example what can be done for one HUH of a network , how per example the network Figure 2, according with several modalities. [0016] Figure 9 illustrates one process in example what

it can be carried out by a transmission station in a network, such as the network in Figure 2, according to various modalities.

[0017] Figure 10 illustrates an example process that can be performed by a UE of a network, such as the network in Figure 2, according to several modalities.

[0018] Figure 11 schematically illustrates an example system that can be used to practice the various modalities described here.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0019] In the modalities, the devices, methods and storage means can be described for the distinction, by a UE, of an RS, such as a PRS or a DRS transmitted by a cell that may have the same ID, and specifically the same PCID, as another cell on a network. In modalities, a pattern of silence mode, a

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6/65 time lag or a virtual cell identifier (VCID - Virtual Cell Identifier) can be used to generate an RS sequence allocation or RS resource. In the modalities, the UE can receive the RS and associate it with one or more between the time lag, the silence mode pattern or the VCID. The UE can also measure a parameter of the RS, such as RSTD, a measurement of radio resource management (RRM - Radio Resource Management) or some other measurement that can be used to calculate a physical location of the UE. The UE can then report the measurement and an indication of the VCID, the silence mode pattern and / or the time lag to a service cell with respect to RRM measurement, or to a mobile service location center (SMLC - Serving Mobile Location Center) for the calculation of an OTDOA parameter related to the UE.

[0020] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the attached drawings, which constitute a part of it, in which the equal numbers designate equal parts, and in which are shown, as an illustration, modalities that can be practiced. It should be understood that other modalities can be used, and structural or logical changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Consequently, the following detailed description should not be taken in a limiting sense.

[0021] In turn, several operations can be described as multiple actions or different operations, in a way that is more useful in understanding the

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7/65 claimed discussion matter. However, the order of description should not be interpreted as implying that these operations necessarily depend on the order. In particular, these operations may not be performed in the order of presentation. The described operations can be carried out in an order different from the described mode. Several additional operations can be performed and / or the operations described can be omitted in the additional modalities.

[0022] For the purposes of this disclosure, the expression

"A and / or B means (THE), (B) or (A and B). For effects of this revelation, the expression “A, B and / or Ç means (A), (B), (Ç), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C) or (A, B and C). [0023] The description can use expressions "in an

modality or “in modalities, in which each of them may refer to one or more of the same or different modalities. Furthermore, the terms "comprising, including," having and the like, as used with respect to the modalities of the present disclosure, are synonymous.

[0024] As described here, the term “module can be used to refer to one or more physical or logical elements or components of a system. In some embodiments, a module may be a separate circuit, while in other embodiments, a module may include a plurality of circuits.

[0025] Figure 1 schematically illustrates a wireless communication network 100 (hereinafter "network 100) according to various modalities. Network 100 may include a UE 110 that is communicatively coupled to the

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8/65 transmission station 105. In modalities, network 100 can be a Long Term Evolution (LTE - Long Term Evolution) network, Advanced LTE (LTE-A - LTE-Advanced) and / or Unlicensed LTE (LTE -U - LTE-Unlicensed) of third generation partnership project (3GPP - Third

Generation Partnership Project). In other modalities, the network 100 can be some other type of network of

Communication wireless. [0026] As illustrated in Figure 1, the EU 110 can include a module of transceiver 130, what can equally be referred like a chip in transceiver multimode. The module of transceiver 130 can to be

configured for the transmission and reception of signals using one or more protocols, such as LTE, LTE-A and / or LTE-U protocols.

Specifically, the transceiver module

130 can be coupled to one or more of a plurality of antennas 125 of UE 110 for wireless communication with other components of network 100, e.g. transmission station 105 or other UE. Antennas 125 can be powered by a power amplifier 135 which can be a component of transceiver module 130 as shown in Figure 1, or separate from, but coupled to, transceiver module 130. In one embodiment, power amplifier 135 can provide the power for all transmissions on antennas 125. In other embodiments, there may be multiple power amplifiers on the UE 110. The use of multiple antennas 125 may allow the UE 110 to use diversity of transmission techniques, such as diversity of orthogonal spatial transmission of

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9/65 resources (SORTD - Spatial Orthogonal Resource Transmit Diversity), MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Multiple Input, Multiple Output) or full-dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO - Full-Dimension MIMO).

[0027] In certain embodiments, the transceiver module 130 may include a communication module 137, which may be referred to as a baseband module, which may contain the transmission circuitry 140 configured to cause the antennas 125 transmit one or more signals from the UE 110, and the set of reception circuits 145 signals received by the modalities, the module configured to process antennas 125. In other communications 137 it can be implemented on separate chips or modules, for example, a chip including the receiving circuitry 145 and another chip including the transmission circuitry 140. In some embodiments, the transmitted or received signals may be cellular signals transmitted to, or received from, the transmitting station 105. In some embodiments, the transceiver module 130 may include, or be coupled to, the RS 120 measuring circuitry for measuring one or more parameters or characteristics characteristics of a received RS, as described in more detail below. The set of RS 120 measurement circuits can also be used to associate the received RS to a transmission station and to generate a measurement report related to the received RS.

[0028] Similar to UE 110, transmission station 105 may include a transceiver module 150. The transmission module

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10/65 transceiver 150 may also be coupled to one or more of a plurality of antennas 175 of the transmission station 105 for wireless communication with other components of the network 100, e.g. eg, EU 110. Antennas 175 can be powered by a power amplifier 160 which can be a component of transceiver module 150, as shown in Figure 1, or it can be a separate component of transmission station 105. In one embodiment , power amplifier 160 can provide power for all transmissions from antennas 175. In other embodiments, there may be multiple power amplifiers at transmission station 105. Using multiple antennas 175 may allow transmission station 105 to use techniques transmission diversity, such as SORTD,

MIMO or FD-MIMO. In certain embodiments, the transceiver module

150 may contain the transmission circuitry

165 configured to make the antennas

175 transmit one or more signals from the transmitting station 105, and the receiving circuitry 170 to process signals received by the antennas 175. In other embodiments, the transceiver module 150 can be replaced by the transmission circuitry 165 and the set of receiving circuits 170 which are separated from each other (not shown). In some embodiments, although not shown, the transceiver module 150 may include a communication module, such as communication module 137 which includes the receiving circuitry 170 and the transmission circuitry

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11/65

165. In some embodiments, transmission station 105 may include the RS 115 circuitry, which can be configured for generating an RS based on one or more parameters related to code, time or silence mode, as described below in more detail.

[0029] Figure 2 schematically illustrates a high-level example of a network 200 that can include several cells, for example cells 210a, 210b, 210c, 210d, 210e and 210f (collectively referred to as cells 210). Each cell 210 may include a transmission station, such as transmission stations 205a, 205b, 205c, 205d, 205e and 205f (collectively referred to as transmission stations 205). The transmission stations 205 can be similar to the transmission station 105 of Figure 1. Each transmission station 205 can be configured to send or receive signals to or from the UEs in the respective cell 210 of the transmission station 205. The network 200 may also include a cell 225 with an eNB 220 configured to send or receive signals to or from the UEs in cell 225. The eNB 220 may also be similar to the transmission station 105 in Figure 1. The network may also include a UE 215 that can be similar to the UE 110 in Figure 1. Specifically, the UE 215 can

be configured for shipping and / or The reception in information to / from eNB 220 and / or at seasons in streaming 205. How used here, if at seasons in

broadcasts are generally described as sending an RS, the description of the broadcasting stations may include eNB 220.

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12/65 [0030] It will be understood that although cells 210 and 225 are illustrated as having a generally hexagonal shape, this illustration is for example purposes only and cells 210 and 225 may have a different shape in different modalities. Additionally, in the modalities, the UE 215 can be found in one of the cells of network 200 different from cell 225. Additionally, in the modalities, cells 210 or 225 different from network 200 can overlap each other.

[0031] In the embodiments, eNB 220 can generally be configured for sending and receiving messages to a macrocell that can include cells 225 and 210. Cells 210 can be referred to as small cells and be considered a subcell of the macrocell. Each transmission station 205 may be responsible for sending and receiving information to or from an UE 215 in its respective small cell 210 as described above.

[0032] In the modalities, the transmission stations 205 can be RRHs, and the network 200 can be configured as a coordinated multiple point network 4 (CoMP) scenario, in which the carrier frequencies of the eNB 220 and the transmission stations 205 are the same. Specifically, the eNB 220 can direct one or more of the transmission stations 205 to send the same signal to an UE 215 to ensure that the UE 215 receives the signal properly and accurately. In these networks, it may be desirable to employ one or more positioning techniques in relation to the physical location of the UE 215. Such a technique may correspond to the difference in

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13/65 observed arrival time (OTDOA), in which the UE can measure one or more parameters of an RS received from the eNB 220 and / or the transmission stations 205. The UE 215 can then report the measurements to the eNB 220 which it can then identify the physical location of the UE 215 on the network.

[0033] Specifically, the UE 215 can measure the time difference between position reference signals (PRSs

Position Reference Signals) specific since

multiple stations streaming 205 and / or eNB 220. The EU 215 can measure and report to time difference of sign of reference ( RSTD) of each PRS received at eNB 220 or one SMLC (not illustrated in Figure 2 by an question in clarity). In others modalities, the UE 215 can measure and to report a measurement related RRM with a DRS. In some modalities, SMLC can be one element of eNB 220, while in other modalities the

to be

SMLC can be communicatively separated from, coupled to, eNB

220 and / or

EU 215. In some modalities, the

HUH

215 can transmit the measurements directly to the SMLC, while in other modalities the UE

215 can transmit measurements to eNB 220 for forwarding to

SMLC. Based on the measurements received, the SMLC can calculate the geographical location of the UE 215 based on reports

RSTD and knowledge of the geographic positions of the eNB

220 and transmission stations 205.

In the modalities, the UE can measure the RSTD from a

PRS, a

DRS or any other RS as described above.

In some modalities, PRS can be used, since the

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14/65

PRS can be an RS that is specifically designed for accurate position measurements of the UE 215. In some embodiments, the network

200 can be configured for measurement in the order of dozens of OTDOAs from multiple transmission stations 205 using

PRSs, while the use of a DRS, such as a CRS, may result in a limitation on the number of

OTDOAs that can be measured. Generally, a higher number of

Reported OTDOAs can result in a more accurate calculation of the geographical position of the UE.

Ci _ ₉ 10 init ^- * (7 (n _s + 1) +1 + 1) (2 Ng ¹¹ +1) + 2- Ng ¹¹ + N _CP

Equation 1

In some embodiments, an RS can be generated based on an encryption seed. Specifically, a pseudo-random sequence generator can be iniciali Zado with ^not only the equation 1. Specifically, it can refer to a track number within a radio frame in which

RS will be transmitted. 1 can refer to the number of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol (OFDM

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division Multiplexing) iV '° ^1T broadcast transmitted.

within the range in which the RS will be can refer to an identifier (ID) of the cell, such as cells 210.

v ₃ hift = N ^ mode

Equation 2 [0036] Additionally, the allocation of REs used for the transmission of RS can be based on Equation 2, in which

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15/65 corresponds to a number of REs that an RS standard is changed into a resource block (RB - Resource Block).

^1T cell

As can be seen, the value can be an important factor in specifying the RS sequence (with

C init base on) and the RE RS allocation per cell (based on change) · [0037] However, as noted above in a network, such as network 200 that is configured to use cell 210 implementation, scenario network 4 CoMP so that each specifically each broadcast station 205, has the same physical cell identifier (PCID

Physical

Cell Identifier), calculations

OTDOA can be difficult to do.

That's because the value used

N ^{! D} cell for can be the

PCID of the various cells 210.

However, if the same PCID is assigned to the cells

210, then cells can transmit the same sequence

RS using the same

REs from each other.

Since the RS sequences can be identical and use the same REs, the UE 215 may be unable to distinguish which RS has been transmitted since cell 210.

As a result, the UE may not be able to accurately measure and report RSTD,

RRM or other OTDOA measurements that can be used to identify the physical location of the UE 215 on the 200 network. Specifically, with respect to the PRS, the PRS RSTD measurements can become an overlap of multipath channels, since it can be the same PCID was used for the PRS sequence encryption and RE mapping, and thus the PRSs of

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16/65 different transmission stations 205 may be indistinguishable from each other.

RRM measurements of a

DRS, and particularly a CRS, may experience the same overlap as CRS or DRS, since the same

PCID for the generation of these RSs, and thus

CRSs or can be indistinguishable from each other's DRS.

[0038] To resolve The difficulty of UE 215 in identify RSs of the same cells 21 0 or similar, can be used one or more approaches. In an modality, eNB 220 e at stations streaming 205 can transmit the PRS or the DRS in one way in division of frequency or division of code. In

or alternatively, the eNB 220 can schedule PRS transmission

DRS designating different instances of time, such as subframes or radio frames in which broadcast stations 205 are intended to transmit the

Respective PRSs or DRSs. Specifically, if PRSs or

DRSs are transmitted at different times, then the UE 215 may be able to identify that

RS came from which 205 broadcast station

Time lag

In one embodiment, PRSs or

DRSs can be transmitted in a time-splitting manner.

Or broadcast on different

RSs can be either, the various

instances of time since an or more many different seasons in streaming 205 and / or eNB 220. Like here used, O lag in time will be generically referred as “instance in time , but it can refer at the level in OFDM symbol, to level band, at the level of

subframe, at the radio frame level, or according to some

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17/65 another time division of a radio broadcast. If the RS transmission can be differentiated in different time instances, then it may be possible for the UE 215 to measure and distinguish measurements, such as RSTD or RRM measurements based on PRS or DRS, respectively, from different cells 210.

[0040] Specifically, the UE 215 can receive or be previously provided with one or more time lag parameters configured in the network as described in more detail below.

The time lag parameters configured on the network can refer to a time lag of a transmission

RS, such as a transmission

PRS or DRS. As the

UE 215 can receive the time lag parameter configured on the network, UE 215 may be able to identify which transmission stations 205 sent that RS, and calculate a measurement, such as an RSTD or RRM measurement based on the transmission station. identified transmission 205. The UE 215 can then report a measurement of the RS transmission, for example

RRM or an RSTD that can be used to calculate an OTDOA. In some embodiments, for example, when PRSs are used for location determination, the fields of an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message can be used to provide the UE 215 with one or more of the offset parameters. configured on the network. For example, time lag parameters configured on the network can be included in a PRS Information field

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18/65 for PRSs by LPP signaling, or some other field for DRSs or some other RS by RRC signaling.

[0041] Along with communicating the RSTD or RRM measurements to the eNB 220 and / or SMLC as described above, the UE 215 can report one or more time lag parameters configured in the network related to the time lag, or an indication of broadcast stations 205 broadcast the RS. Specifically, UE 215 can report an indication of a time lag parameter configured on the network, such as a PRS or DRS configuration index, which can generally be referred to as IPRS or IDRS, respectively. In the modalities, IPRS can be referred to as prs-Configuration Index and can have a value between 0 and 4095. A name or similar value can be used for IDRS.

[0042] In the modalities, the time lag parameter configured in the network can correspond to, or include, a PRS or DRS periodicity, which can generally be referred to as TPRS or TDRS, respectively, and can be included as an element of the index of configuration described above. The time lag parameter configured in the network can additionally or alternatively correspond to, or include, an indication of PRS or DRS subframe lag, which can generally be referred to as APRS or ADRS, respectively, which can also be an element of the index configuration described above. In modalities, the PRS or DRS subframe offset may indicate a number of subplots by which the PRS or DRS should be

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19/65 out of phase and, in other modalities, the parameter can be referred to as a PRS or DRS time instance offset and refer to a number of tracks, OFDM symbols, subframes or radio frames by which the PRS or DRS must be out of phase. In some modalities, TPRS, TDRS, APRS or ADRS can be separated from the PRS or DRS configuration index. In some embodiments, the UE 215 can also report information regarding a time lag parameter configured on the network, such as a silence mode standard for RS transmissions, as described in more detail below. In some modalities, the UE 215 can report other information or other parameters that can be used for the measurement of RSTD, RSRQ - Reference Signal Received Quality, RSRP Reference Signal Received Power) or some other parameter that can be used for the measurement or identification of a parameter used for OTDOA measurements. [0043] In some modalities, the time lag parameters configured in the network may include a value, such as NPRS or NDRS, which can refer to a number of subplots in which the PRS or DRS must be repeated, respectively. Specifically, the NPRS can be referred to as Frame-DLnúm and have a value between 1, 2, 4 or 6, and indicate that the PRS must repeat that number of frames. A similar name or value can be used for DRS transmission.

[0044] Figure 3 represents an example of a subframe lag algorithm that can be used

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20/65 for the transmission of RSs, such as PRSs, using the time lag parameters configured in the network described above. Specifically, in Figure 3, RSs can be transferred in a subframe of a radio frame, such as SFn to SFn + 7. As illustrated in Figure 3, a first transmission station (or group of transmission stations) can be assigned to the group designated as group TP0. The transmission stations in the TP0 group can transmit an RS in the first four subframes of the radio frame, that is, SFn to SFn + 3. This configuration can be designated, for example, by an IPRS value of 0 and an NPRS value of 4, which can indicate that the TP0 group must use the configuration indicated by the value of 0 and repeat the transmission of the RS (in this case the PRS) for 4 subplots.

[0045] The transmission stations in the TP1 group can then transmit an RS, such as a PRS for two subframes starting at the SFn + 4 subframe. This configuration can be designated, for example, by an IPRS value of 4 and an NPRS value of 2, indicating that the TP0 group must use the configuration indicated by the value of 4 and repeat the transmission from RS (in this case the PRS) to 2 subplots. Then, the transmission stations in the TP2 group can then transmit an RS, such as a PRS, for two subframes starting at the SFn + 6 subframe. This configuration can be designated, for example, by an IPRS value of 6 and an NPRS value of 2, indicating that the TP0 group should use the configuration indicated by the value of 6 and repeat the transmission from RS (in this case the PRS) to 2 subplots.

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21/65 [0046] As described above, IPRS can be used to designate the number of subframes by which the RS transmission is to be offset. However, in other modalities, the IPRS configuration index may assign a different value or affect the RS time lag differently. In the modalities described above, PRS is used as an example, but in other modalities similar parameters or time lags for DRS can be used. Additionally, in some embodiments, the values used (0, 4 or 6) for IPRS may differ from the example above, and similarly the values used (4 or 2) for NPRS may differ from the example above.

[0047] In some embodiments, the TP0, TP1 and / or TP2 group, or some other group of transmission stations, may include multiple transmission stations. Per

example, in some modalities, can be identified many different 205 broadcast stations as if finding in different clusters of work stations streaming 205. In some modalities, clusters

they can be based on geographic criteria or some other criteria, and have different PCIDs from each other. Each of the groups (TP0, TP1 and TP2) can include a transmission station from each cluster of transmission stations 205.

Silence Mode Pattern [0048] In some modalities, a silence mode pattern can be used for RS transmission. Specifically, a series of time instances or subframes can be designated for RS transmission

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22/65 by one or more transmission stations, such as transmission stations

205. In these modalities, a transmission station (or group of transmission stations from different clusters) can transmit in one of the time instances, while the other transmission stations do not transmit a signal. [0049] Figure 4 represents an example of how a silence mode standard can be used for the transmission of RSs on a network, such as the 200 network. The example below will be described with respect to PRS, but in other modalities a similar silent mode pattern can be used for DRS transmission or the transmission of some other RS. Additionally, the example below will be described with respect to subframes that are designated for PRS transmission, however in other modalities a different time instance, such as an OFDM symbol, a radio frame or a time band within a subplot. In the modalities, the pattern of silence mode can be a parameter configured in the network, which can be considered a time lag parameter configured in the network, which is previously provided in the various transmission stations or in the UE 215, or included in a message PRS information or some other message provided on the network as described above. In other embodiments, the silent mode pattern can be a type of parameter configured on the network other than a time lag parameter configured on the network. In some modalities, the pattern of silence mode can be indicated in a prs field

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23/65

InfoModoSilêncio-r9, which can be a 2-bit string, a 4-bit string, an 8-bit string, a 16-bit string or some other string size.

[0050] In the modalities represented in Figure 4, each of the transmission stations TP0, TP1, TP2 and TP3 can have the same PRS configuration, p. IPRS can be equal to 0 for TP0, TP1, TP2 and TP3. The PRS configuration can indicate, for example, that the PRS transmission must have a PRS periodicity of 160 milliseconds (ms), and no PRS time instance lags. That is, TPRS can be equal to 160, and APRS can be equal to 0. In the modalities of Figure 4, NPRS can be equal to 2, indicating that the PRS must be transmitted in two simultaneous subplots. As illustrated in Figure 4, eight subframes (numbers 1 to 8) can be designated for RS transmission.

In the modalities, one or more of the subplots can be simultaneous, while in other modalities the subplots can be distributed differently from that illustrated in Figure 4.

[0051] In the modalities, the silence mode pattern for each transmission station 205 can be a parameter configured in the network that is previously provided in the various transmission stations or in the UE 215, or included in a PRS information message or some other message provided on the network as described above. In some embodiments, the silence mode pattern can be indicated in a prsInfoModoSilêncio-r9 field, which can be a 2-bit string, a 4-bit string, an 8-bit string, a 16-bit string or some other size of chain. How

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24/65 illustrated in Figure 4, the TP0 silence mode pattern can be “1 0 0 0, where the value of 1 indicates that the TP0 associated transmission station or stations must transmit an RS in the first two subframes as illustrated. The default of silent mode for TP1 can be “0 1 0 0, where the value of 1 indicates that the station or transmission stations associated with TP1 must transmit an RS in the second two subframes. Similarly, the default for silent mode for TP2 can be “0 0 1 0 and the default for silent mode for TP3 can be“ 0 0 0 1 1.

[0052] On receipt of a PRS from one of the transmission stations 205, the UE 215 can identify the subframe in which the PRS was transmitted. The UE 215 can then identify, based on the subframe, the silence mode pattern used for PRS transmission. Based on the silent mode standard, UE 215 can identify which broadcast stations 205 have transmitted the PRS. The UE 215 can then perform an RSTD measurement and report the RSTD measurement and the transmission station identity and / or the silence mode standard used for the SMLC and / or eNB 220. The SMLC and / or eNB 220 they can then use the RSTD and the silence mode standard or the transmitting station identity to perform an OTDOA measurement and identify the location of the UE 215. In some embodiments, the UE 215 can report the indication of the silence mode standard and a PRS-Configuration Index (IPRS) to the SMLC and / or eNB 220 so that a greater degree of freedom can be provided to the SMLC, which can result in greater scheduling flexibility.

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25/65

VCID Solution

As noted above, RSs, such as the

PRS and / or DRS, can be initialized in legacy systems based on cinic, which in turn can be based on w® _Λ , cell, _, _ _π in the parameter as illustrated in Equation above.

w® „,. ,. cell

As described above, it can be equivalent to the PCID associated with the various cells

210, which can result in

RSs of cells 210 being identical to each other, so the UE 215 may not be able to identify that

RS came from which of cells 210.

In the modalities, the values of ^JT cell can be manipulated to generate

Exclusive RSs.

Specifically, a cell 210 can use a VCID for RS encryption and mapping

RE that is different from the PCID.

For example, the cell

210a can have a different VCID from cell 210b, which can have a different VCID from cell

210c, etc. Specifically, in the modalities,

In cell ^id „in Equation a VCID that can or Equation 2 can be replaced by jV ^{, D}

DRS to be jV ^p ? ^s referred to as ^{G & tuta} _or generation of

PRS or

DRS, words, jV ^p values? ^s cell respectively.

jV ^{, d} DRS can be

In others or used to generate RS strings or RE resource mappings that may be different for each cell

210

In some modalities, the value

N ^{fD J} * DRS para can vary between 0 and 503 for legacy systems (eg, 504 different PCIDs may be available on

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26/65 legacy systems). Consequently, for the generation of

encryption strings for one DRS that be likely to to be backward compatible, a value, how put example N ^{! D} MAX. what can equal 504, you can be added to n DRS ^id for a given cell. Or be the Cinic value for an particular cell can be defined how:

'«0 = 2 ¹⁰ (7 · (n, + 1) + l + 1) (2 · (Λ” _s +) + 1) + 2- (There “ _s + H' ^) + N„

Equation 3 [0056] To signal the VCID associated with a given cell 210, an LPP message as described above can provide the VCID to a reference cell and neighboring cells by means of elements, such as OTDOA-InfoCélulaReference and OTDOAElementolnfoCélulaVizinha, respectively.

Specifically, OTDOA-InfoCell Reference can be defined in pseudocode as:

OTDOA-InfoCélulaReference :: = SEQUENCE {

CellIDIS FULL NUMBER (0..503),

IDGlobalECGI Cell OPTIONAL, - ON Required

VirtualCellID INTEGER NUMBER (0..503) OPTIONAL [0057] Similarly,

OTDOA-ElementolnfoCelulaVi zinha can be defined in pseudocode as:

OTDOA-ElementolnfoCelulaVizinha :: = SEQUENCE {

CellIDIS FULL NUMBER (0..503),

IDGlobalECGI Cell OPTIONAL, - ON Required

VirtualCellID WHOLE NUMBER (0..503) OPTIONAL

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27/65 [0058]

A UE, such as UE 215, that receives an LPP message can identify whether the element

VirtualCellID indicates or not a value to be used for the VCID and, if so, the UE 215 can use the VCID as a basis for generating RS sequences and / or RE RS allocation.

[0059] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the Global Cell ID (designated as GlobalGlobal ID in the examples above) can be used as a basis for generating RS sequences and / or allocating RS.

Specifically, the Global Cell ID can be a value that is unique to each cell 210, and that can be greater than the PCID or VCID described above. Consequently, in some modalities, equations 1 and 2 can be used for the generation of RS sequences and RE allocation mappings, as described above, but / y®

CellID or can be set to equal mod (CellGlobal, 504) for each cell 210.

[0060] Figure 5 represents an example process that can be used by a transmission station, such as one of the transmission stations 205. Initially, the transmission station can identify in 500 a first instance of time in which it must transmit an RS. The time instance may be one of a plurality of time instances associated with the transmission of RS. The time instance can be identified based on an RS-related silence mode pattern. In some modalities, the RS can be a PRS, a DRS or some other type of RS. The station

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28/65 transmission can transmit the RS at the time instance identified at 505.

[0061] The transmitting station can then identify, based on the silent mode pattern, a second instance of time from the plurality of instances of time in which the transmitting station must be placed in silent mode at 510, and the broadcasting station can mute transmissions from the broadcasting station in the second instance of time at 515.

[0062] Figure 6 represents an example process that can be used by an UE, such as UE 215. Initially, the UE 215 can receive an RS, such as a PRS or a DRS, in an instance of time 600. The UE 215 can then identify the silent mode setting used for transmitting the RS in 605. Based on the silent mode configuration, the UE 215 can optionally identify the cell that transmitted the RS in 610. As the UE 215 can know the time the RS was sent and the identity and / or location of the cell that sent the transmission, the UE 215 can then identify a measurement associated with the RS received in 615. In the modalities, the measurement can be an RSTD , an RRM measurement or some other measurement. Finally, UE 215 can transmit at 620 the RS measurement identified at 605 and an indication of the silent mode setting and / or the cell identification at 620.

[0063] Figure 7 represents an alternative example process that can be used by a transmission station, such as one of the transmission stations.

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29/65 transmission 205. In the modalities, the transmission station can identify a subframe in which an RS must be transmitted, such as a PRS or a DRS, based on an indication of a time lag in

700. The time lag indication may include a configuration index, a periodicity indication, a number of subplots in which the RS is to be repeated, or some other parameter as described above. The transmitting station can then transmit the RS in the subframe identified at 705.

[0064] Figure 8 represents an alternative example process that can be used by a UE, such as UE 215. In the embodiments, UE 215 can receive an RS from a cell, such as one of cells 210 in 800. In the modalities, the RS received for being a PRS, a DRS or some other RS as described above. The UE can then identify a time lag parameter associated with the RS at 805, as described above. Specifically, the time lag parameter can indicate a time lag associated with the RS, as described above. Based on the identified time lag parameter, the UE 215 can optionally identify the RS as associated with one of the specific cells 210 in 810. The UE 215 can then identify an RS measurement related to the RS received in 815, as described above . Specifically, since the UE 215 can know the identity and / or geographic position of the cell that transmitted the RS, or the time of transmission of the RS, the RS measurement can include, for example, an RSTD measurement, a measurement RRM or

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30/65 some other measurement as described above. The UE 215 can then transmit the RS measurement identified at 805, the configuration index identified at 810, and the cell identity optionally identified at 815 at 820.

[0065] Figure 9 represents an example process

alternative that can be used by an season in streaming, like for example a of seasons in streaming 205. Specifically, The season in streaming generates an RS, such as a PRS, a DRS

or some other type of RS, based on a 900 VCID. The transmission station can then transmit the RS generated in 905.

[0066] Figure 10 represents an alternative example process that can be used by a UE, such as UE 215. Specifically, UE 215 can receive an RS, such as a PRS, a DRS or some other type of RS , and identify the RS as an RS of a specific cell 210 of the network 200 based on the VCID used for generating the RS in 1000. Specifically, the UE 215 can receive the RS and an indication of the VCIDs that can be used by the network 200 , as well as which cell is associated with each VCID. Alternatively, the UE 215 can be previously provided with the various VCIDs and the association between the VCIDs and the UE 215. In the modalities, the UE 215 can be configured for the generation of an RS parameter, such as parameters c init or v change described above using the various VCIDs. If the UE 215 is capable of generating an RS, or an RE mapping, that matches the RS received using one of the VCIDs,

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31/65 then the UE 215 may be able to identify the cell that transmitted the RS.

[0067] As the UE 215 can know the identity and / or geographic location of the cell that transmitted the RS, the UE 215 can then measure one or more characteristics of the RS signal, such as RSTD, RRM or some other characteristic in 1005, as described above. Finally, the UE 215 can transmit an indication of the cell that transmitted the RS and / or an indication of the VCID associated with the RS, as well as the characteristic of the measured signal, in 1010.

[0068] The modalities of the present disclosure can be implemented in a system using any suitable hardware and / or software to configure as desired. Figure 11 schematically illustrates an example system 1100 that can be used to practice the various modalities described here. Figure 11 illustrates, for one embodiment, an example system 1100 having one or more processors 1105, the system control module 1110 coupled to at least one of the processors 1105, the system memory 1115 coupled to the control module of the system 1110, non-volatile memory (NVM - NonVolatile Memory) / storage 1120 attached to the 1110 system control module, and one or more 1125 communication interfaces attached to the 1110 system control module.

[0069] In some embodiments, the 1100 system may be able to function as the UE 110 or 215 as described here. In other embodiments, the 1100 system may be able to function as a 105, eNB transmission station

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32/65

220 or one of the transmission stations 205 as described herein. In some embodiments, the 1100 system may include one or more computer-readable media (eg, 1115 system memory or NVM / 1120 storage) having instructions and one or more processors (eg, 1105 processor (s) ) coupled in one or more computer-readable media and configured to execute the instructions for implementing a module to perform the actions described here.

[0070] The 1110 system control module for a mode can include any suitable interface controllers to provide any suitable interface to at least one of the 1105 processors and / or any suitable device or component in communication with the control module of the 1110 system.

[0071] The 1110 system control module can include the 1130 memory controller module to provide an interface to the 1115 system memory. The 1130 memory controller module can be a hardware module, a software module and / or a firmware module.

[0072] The system memory 1115 can be used to load and store data and / or instructions, for example, for the system 1100. The system memory 1115 for a modality can include any suitable volatile memory, such as the memory of dynamic random access memory (DRAM). In some embodiments, system memory 1115 may include dynamic data rate random access memory

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33/65 double transfer type 4 (DDR4 SDRAM - Double Data Rate Type Four SDRAM).

[0073] The system control module 1110 for a modality may include one or more input / output (I / O) controllers to provide an interface to NVM / storage 1120 and communications interface (s) 1125.

[0074] NVM / 1120 storage can be used to store data and / or instructions, for example. NVM / 1120 storage may include any suitable non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, and / or may include any or any non-volatile storage devices, such as one or more hard disk drives (HDDs) ), one or more compact disc drives (CD - Compact Disc) and / or one or more digital versatile disc drives (DVD - Digital Versatile Disc).

[0075] The NVM / 1120 storage may include a storage resource physically part of a device on which the 1100 system may be installed or may be accessible by, but not necessarily a part of, the device. For example, NVM / storage 1120 can be accessed over a network via the 1125 communications interface (s).

[0076] The communications interface (s) 1125 may provide an interface for the 1100 system to communicate on one or more networks and / or with any other suitable device. The 1100 system can communicate wirelessly with the single or more components of the wireless network in accordance with any one or more of the standards and / or

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34/65 of wireless network protocols. In some embodiments, communication interfaces 1125 may include transceiver modules 130 or 150.

[0077] For one modality, at least one of the 1105 processors can be packaged together with logic for one or more controllers of the 1110 system control module, p. eg, 1130 memory controller module. For one embodiment, at least one of the 1105 processors can be packaged together with logic for one or more controllers of the 1110 system control module to form a System in a Package (SiP

System in Package).

For a modality, at least one of the processors

1105 can be integrated into the same die (lattice) with logic for one or more controllers of the 1110 system control module.

For a modality, at least one of the processors

1105 can be integrated in the same die together with logic for one or more controllers of the 1110 system control module for the formation of a System on a Chip (SoC - System on Chip).

[0078] In some modalities, the processor (s)

1105 can (m) include or be coupled (s) to one or more between a graphics processor (GPU - Graphics Processing Unit) (not shown), a digital signal processor (DSP - Digital Signal Processor) (no

illustrated), modem without wires (not illustrated), camera digital or set in circuits multimedia (no illustrated), set in circuits of sensor (no illustrated), set in circuits of display (no illustrated) and / or set of circuit the satellite of

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35/65 global positioning (GPS - Global Positioning Satellite).

[0079] In several embodiments, the 1100 system can be, but is not limited to, a server, a workstation, a desktop computing device or a mobile computing device (eg, a computer computing device) laptop, handheld computing device, tablet, netbook, smartphone, game console, etc.). In several modalities, the 1100 system can have more or less components, and / or different architectures. For example, in some modalities, the 1100 system includes one or more between a camera, a keyboard, a liquid crystal display screen (LCD - Liquid Crystal Display) (including touchscreen displays), non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, graphics chip, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and speakers.

EXAMPLES [0080] Example 1 may include a method comprising: the identification, by a first cell of a cellular network that includes a plurality of cells, wherein the cells in the plurality of cells have the same physical cell identifier (PCID) as from the others, based on an indication of a silence mode pattern related to a discovery reference signal (DRS) transmission, of a first time instance associated with the DRS transmission in which the first cell must transmit a DRS; the transmission, by the first cell, of the DRS in the first

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36/65 instance of time; the identification, by the first cell based on the indication of the pattern of silence mode, of a second instance of time associated with the transmission of DRS in which the first cell must be placed in silence mode; and placing in silence mode, by the first cell, the transmissions from the first cell in the second instance of time.

[0081] Example 2 can include the method of example 1, where the DRS is based on a physical cell identifier (PCID) associated with the first cell.

[0082] Example 3 can include the method of example 1, wherein the first cell and a second cell in the plurality of cells correspond to cells in a coordinated multiple point network (CoMP).

[0083] Example 4 can include the method of example 1, where the DRS is a first DRS, and the silent mode standard includes an indication that a second cell in the cellular network should be placed in silent mode during first time instance and the second cell must transmit a second DRS in the second time instance.

[0084] Example 5 can include the method of any of Examples 1 to 4, where the first instance of time and the second instance of time are respective subframes of a radio frame.

[0085] Example 6 can include the method of any of examples 1 to 4, where the instance of time includes more than one subframe.

[0086] Example 7 may include one or more non-transitory, computer readable media comprising

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37/65 instructions for making a first cell transmission station in a cellular network that includes a plurality of cells, where the cells in the plurality of cells have the same physical cell identifier (PCID) as each other, in the execution of instructions by one or more transmission station processors: identify, based on an indication of a silence mode pattern related to a discovery reference signal (DRS) transmission, a first time instance associated with the DRS transmission in which the first cell must transmit a DRS; transmit the DRS in the first instance of time; identify, based on the indication of the silence mode pattern, a second instance of time associated with the DRS transmission in which the first cell must be placed in silence mode; and mute the transmissions from the first cell in the second instance of time.

[0087] Example 8 can include the single or more non-transitory, computer-readable media of example 7, where DRS is based on a physical cell identifier (PCID) associated with the first cell.

[0088] Example 9 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer-readable media of example 7, wherein the first cell and a second cell in the plurality of cells correspond to cells in a coordinated multiple point network (CoMP).

[0089] Example 10 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer-readable media in Example 7, where DRS is a first DRS, and the mode mode standard

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38/65 silence includes an indication that a second cell in the cellular network must be placed in silent mode during the first instance of time and the second cell must transmit a second DRS in the second instance of time.

[0090] Example 11 may include the single or more non-transient, computer readable media of any of Examples 7 to 10, wherein the first instance of time and the second instance of time are respective subframes of a radio frame.

[0091] Example 12 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer-readable means of any of Examples 7 to 10, where the time instance includes more than one subframe.

[0092] Example 13 can include a first cell transmission station in a cellular network that includes a plurality of cells, wherein the cells in the plurality of cells have the same physical cell identifier (PCID) as each other, the a transmission station comprising: means for identifying, based on an indication of a silence mode pattern related to a discovery reference signal transmission (DRS), of a first time instance associated with the DRS transmission in which the first cell must transmit a DRS; means for the transmission of the DRS in the first instance of time; means for the identification, based on the indication of the pattern of silence mode, of a second instance of time associated with the transmission of DRS in which the first cell must be placed in silence mode; and means for

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39/65 placing in silence mode the transmissions of the first cell in the second instance of time.

[0093] Example 14 can include the transmission station of example 13, where the DRS is based on a physical cell identifier (PCID) associated with the first cell.

[0094] Example 15 can include the transmission station of example 13, wherein the first cell and a second cell in the plurality of cells correspond to cells in a coordinated multiple point network (CoMP).

[0095] Example 16 can include the broadcast station of example 13, where DRS is a first DRS, and the silent mode standard includes an indication that a second cell in the cellular network should be placed in silent mode during the first time instance and the second cell must transmit a second DRS in the second time instance.

[0096] Example 17 may include the broadcast station of any of Examples 13 to 16, wherein the first instance of time and the second instance of time are respective subframes of a radio frame.

[0097] Example 18 can include the transmission station of any of Examples 13 to 16, where the time instance includes more than one subframe.

[0098] Example 19 can include a first cell transmission station in a cellular network that includes a plurality of cells, wherein the cells in the plurality of cells have the same physical cell identifier (PCID) as each other, the station of

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40/65 transmission comprising: a set of reference signal (RS) circuits for: the identification, based on an indication of a silence mode pattern related to a discovery reference signal transmission (DRS), of a first instance of time associated with DRS transmission in which the first cell must transmit a DRS; and the identification, based on the indication of the pattern of silence mode, of a second instance of time associated with the transmission of DRS in which the first cell must be placed in silence mode; and the transmission circuitry coupled to the control circuitry, the transmission circuitry for: the transmission of the DRS in the first instance of time; and placing the transmissions from the first cell in the second time instance in silent mode.

[0099] Example 20 can include the transmission station of example 19, where the DRS is based on a physical cell identifier (PCID) associated with the first cell.

[00100] Example 21 can include the station

transmission of example 19, in that the first cell and a second cell at plurality in cells correspond to cells in an network Score multiple coordinated (CoMP). [00101] Example 22 can include the station transmission of example 19, in that DRS it is a first

DRS, and the silent mode standard includes an indication that a second cell in the cellular network should be placed in silent mode during the first

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41/65 time instance and the second cell must transmit a second DRS in the second time instance.

[00102] Example 23 can include the broadcast station of any of examples 19 to 22, wherein the first instance of time and the second instance of time are respective subframes of a radio frame.

[00103] Example 24 can include the transmission station of any of examples 19 to 22, wherein the time instance includes more than one subframe.

[00104] Example 25 may include user equipment (UE) in a cellular network that includes a plurality of cells, the UE comprising: receiving the circuitry for receiving a reference signal (RS) and an instance of time associated with RS transmission; the RS measurement circuitry coupled to the receiving circuitry, the RS measurement circuitry for: the identification, based on a silent mode configuration, of the RS as an RS associated with a plurality cell of cells; and identifying, based on the silent mode setting, an RS measurement related to the received RS; and the transmission circuitry coupled to the RS measurement circuitry, the transmission circuitry to transmit, to an evolved Node B (eNB), the RS measurement and an indication of the identified cell.

[00105] Example 26 can include the UE of example 25, where the RS corresponds to a positioning RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

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42/65 [00106] Example 27 can include the UE of example 25, where the RS measurement corresponds to a time difference from the reference signal (RSTD) or a measurement related to radio resource management (RRM).

[00107] Example 28 can include the UE of any of Examples 25 to 27, wherein the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (CoMP).

[00108] Example 29 can include the UE from any of Examples 25 to 27, wherein the UE further comprises a baseband processor coupled to the receiving circuitry.

[00109] Example 30 can include the UE of any of examples 25 to 27, where the time instance corresponds to a subframe of a radio frame or a unit of the subframe.

[00110] Example 31 can include the UE of any of examples 25 to 27, wherein the indication of the identified cell is an indication of a pattern of silence mode associated with the identified cell.

[00111] Example 32 can include the UE of any of examples 25 to 27, where the RS is based on a physical cell identifier (PCID) of the cell.

[00112] Example 33 may include a method comprising: the reception, by a user equipment (UE) in a cellular network that includes a plurality of cells, of a reference signal (RS) and a time instance associated with the transmission of RS; the identification, by the UE based on a silent mode configuration, of the RS as an RS associated with a cell of the

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Plurality of cells; the identification, by the UE based on the silent mode configuration, of an RS measurement related to the received RS; and the transmission, by the UE to an evolved Node B (eNB), of the RS measurement and an indication of the identified cell.

[00113] Example 34 can include the method of example 33, where the RS corresponds to a positioning RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

[00114] Example 35 may include the method of example 33, in which the RS measurement corresponds to a time difference from the reference signal (RSTD) or a measurement related to radio resource management (RRM).

[00115] Example 36 can include the method of any of Examples 33 to 35, wherein the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (CoMP).

[00116] Example 37 can include the method of any of Examples 33 to 35, wherein the time instance corresponds to a subframe of a radio frame or a unit of the subframe.

[00117] Example 38 can include the method of any of examples 33 to 35, wherein the indication of the identified cell is an indication of a pattern of silence mode associated with the identified cell.

[00118] Example 39 can include the method of any of examples 33 to 35, where the RS is based on a physical cell identifier (PCID) of the cell.

[00119] Example 40 may include one or more non-transitory, computer readable means comprising

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44/65 instructions to make a user equipment (UE) in a cellular network that includes a plurality of cells, in the execution of instructions by one or more UE processors: receive a reference signal (RS) and an instance of time associated with RS transmission; identify, based on a silent mode setting, the RS as an RS associated with a cell of the plurality of cells; identify, based on the silent mode setting, an RS measurement related to the received RS; and transmit, to an evolved Node B (eNB), the RS measurement and an indication of the identified cell.

[00120] Example 41 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer readable means of Example 40, where the RS corresponds to a positioning RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

[00121] Example 42 may include the single or more non-transient, computer readable means of example 40, where the RS measurement corresponds to a time difference from the reference signal (RSTD) or a measurement related to the management of radio (RRM).

[00122] Example 43 may include the single or more non-transient computer-readable media from any of Examples 40 to 42, wherein the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (CoMP).

[00123] Example 44 may include the single or more non-transient computer-readable means of any of Examples 40 to 42, where the time instance

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45/65 corresponds to a subframe of a radio frame or a unit of the subframe.

[00124] Example 45 may include the single or more non-transient, computer readable means of any of Examples 40 to 42, wherein the indication of the identified cell is an indication of a silence mode pattern associated with the identified cell.

[00125] Example 46 may include the single or more non-transient computer-readable media from any of Examples 40 to 42, where the RS is based on a physical cell identifier (PCID) of the cell.

[00126] Example 47 may include user equipment (UE) in a cellular network that includes a plurality of cells, the UE comprising: means for receiving a reference signal (RS) and a time instance associated with the transmission of RS; means for identifying, based on a silent mode configuration, the RS as an RS associated with a cell of the plurality of cells; means for identifying, based on the silent mode setting, an RS measurement related to the received RS; and means for transmitting, to an evolved Node B (eNB), the RS measurement and an indication of the identified cell.

[00127] Example 48 can include the UE of example 47, where the RS corresponds to a positioning RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

[00128] Example 49 can include the UE of example 47, where the RS measurement corresponds to a time difference from the reference signal (RSTD) or a measurement

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46/65 related to radio resource management (RRM).

[00129] Example 50 can include the UE of any of examples 47 to 49, wherein the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (CoMP).

[00130] Example 51 can include the UE of any of examples 47 to 49, where the time instance corresponds to a subframe of a radio frame or a unit of the subframe.

[00131] Example 52 can include the UE of any of examples 47 to 49, where the indication of the identified cell corresponds to an indication of a pattern of silence mode associated with the identified cell.

[00132] Example 53 can include the UE of any of examples 47 to 49, where the RS is based on a physical cell identifier (PCID) of the cell.

[00133] Example 54 may include a cell transmission station in a cellular network, the transmission station comprising: the set of reference signal (RS) circuits for identification, based on an indication of a data lag. Discovery RS (DRS) time instance, a time instance in which the transmitting station must transmit a DRS; and the transmission circuitry coupled to the RS circuitry, the transmission circuitry for transmitting the DRS in the time instance.

[00134] Example 55 may include the transmission station of example 54, where the time instance corresponds to a division multiplexing symbol

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47/65 orthogonal frequency (OFDM), a time frame of a subframe, a subframe or a radio frame.

[00135] Example 56 may include the transmission station of Example 54 or 55, where DRS is based on a physical cell identifier (PCID) of the transmission station.

[00136] O

Example 57 can include the broadcasting station of the example or 55, where the DRS corresponds to a channel status RS (CSI-RS).

[00137] O

Example 58 can include the broadcasting station of example or 55, where the cell corresponds to a cell in a coordinated multiple point network (CoMP).

[00138] O

Example 59 can include the transmission station of example or 55, where the transmission station corresponds to a transmission point (TP) of the cellular network or a remote radio head (RRH) of the cellular network.

[00139] Example 60 may include a method comprising: the identification, by a transmission station of a cell in a cellular network, based on an indication of a time instance lag.

Discovery RS (DRS), a time instance in which the transmitting station must transmit a DRS; and the transmission, by the transmission station, of the

DRS in the time instance.

[00140] Example 61 can include the method of the example

60, where the time instance corresponds to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol

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48/65 (OFDM), a time frame of a subframe, a subframe or a radio frame.

[00141] Example 62 can include the method of example 60 or 61, where the DRS is based on a physical cell identifier (PCID) of the transmitting station.

[00142] Example 63 can include the method of example 60 or 61, where the DRS corresponds to a channel status RS (CSI-RS).

[00143] Example 64 can include the method of example 60 or 61, where the cell corresponds to a cell in a coordinated multiple point network (CoMP).

[00144] Example 65 can include the method of example 60 or 61, in which the transmission station corresponds to a transmission point (TP) of the cellular network or a remote radio head (RRH) of the cellular network.

[00145] Example 66 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable means comprising instructions for causing a cell station to transmit a cell in a cellular network, upon execution of instructions by one or more processors of the transmitting station: identify , based on an indication of

a lag instance of time of LOL in discovery (DRS), an instance of time at what The station of transmission should transmit one DRS; and broadcast the DRS in time instance.

[00146] Example 67 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer-readable media of example 66, where the time instance corresponds to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol

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49/65 (OFDM), a time frame of a subframe, a subframe or a radio frame.

[00147] Example 68 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer-readable media of Example 66 or 67, where DRS is based on a physical station identifier (PCID) of the transmitting station.

[00148] Example 69 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer-readable media of Example 66 or 67, where the DRS corresponds to a channel status RS (CSI-RS).

[00149] Example 70 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer-readable media of Example 66 or 67, where the cell corresponds to a cell in a coordinated multiple point network (CoMP).

[00150] Example 71 may include the single or more non-transient, computer readable means of Example 66 or 67, where the transmission station corresponds to a transmission point (TP) of the cellular network or a remote radio head (RRH) ) of the cellular network.

[00151] Example 72 may include a cell transmission station of a cellular network, the transmission station comprising: means for identification, based on an indication of a discovery RS time instance lag (DRS) , of a time instance in which the transmitting station must transmit a DRS; and means for transmitting the DRS at the time instance.

[00152] Example 73 may include the transmission station of example 72, where the time instance corresponds to a division multiplexing symbol

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50/65 orthogonal frequency (OFDM), a time frame of a subframe, a subframe or a radio frame.

[00153] Example 74 may include the transmission station of Example 72 or 73, where the DRS is based on a physical cell identifier (PCID) of the transmission station.

[00154] O Example 75 can include the station in streaming from example 72 or 73, wherein DRS corresponds to an RS of information channel status (CSI-RS). [00155] O Example 76 can include the station in streaming of the example 72 or 73, where the cell corresponds to a cell in a multi-point network coordinated (CoMP). [00156] O Example 77 can include the station in streaming of the example 72 or 73, where the station in streaming corresponds to a point of streaming ( : tp) cellular network or a head radio remote (RRH) gives cellular network.

[00157]

Example 78 may include one or more non-transitory, computer-readable means comprising instructions for making user equipment (UE) on a cellular network, upon execution of instructions by one or more UE processors: receive a reference signal ( RS) from a cell in the cellular network; identify a time lag parameter configured on the network associated with the RS; identify, based on the time lag parameter configured in the network, an RS measurement related to the received RS; and transmit, to an evolved Node B (eNB), the

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51/65 RS measurement and an indication of the time lag parameter configured in the network.

[00158] Example 79 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer-readable media of Example 78, where the RS corresponds to a positioning RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

[00159] Example 80 may include the single or more non-transient, computer-readable means of Example 78 or 79, where the RS measurement corresponds to a time difference from the reference signal (RSTD) or a measurement related to the management of radio resources (RRM).

[00160] Example 81 may include the single or more non-transient computer readable media of Example 78 or 79, wherein the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (CoMP).

[00161] Example 82 may include the single or more non-transient computer readable means of Example 78 or 79, where the time lag parameter configured on the network includes an RS configuration index, an indication of an RS periodicity , an indication of RS time instance lag, or an indication of a channel state RS (CSI) configuration.

[00162] Example 83 may include the single or more non-transient, computer-readable means of Example 82, where the RS periodicity corresponds to 1, 2, 4 or 6 subplots.

[00163] Example 84 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer-readable media from Example 78

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52/65 or 79, where RS is based on a cell's physical cell identifier (PCID).

[00164] Example 85 may include a method comprising: receiving, by user equipment (UE) on a cellular network, a reference signal (RS) from a cell on the cellular network; the identification by the UE of a time lag parameter configured in the network associated with the RS; the identification, by the UE based on the time lag parameter configured in the network, of an RS measurement related to the received RS; and the transmission, by the UE to an evolved Node B (eNB), of the RS measurement and an indication of the time lag parameter configured in the network.

[00165] Example 86 can include the method of example 85, where the RS corresponds to a positioning RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

[00166] Example 87 can include the method of example 85 or 86, in which the RS measurement corresponds to a time difference from the reference signal (RSTD) or a measurement related to radio resource management (RRM).

[00167] Example 88 can include the method of example 85 or 86, wherein the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (CoMP).

[00168] Example 89 can include the method of example 85 or 86, in which the time lag parameter configured in the network includes an RS configuration index, an indication of an RS periodicity, an indication of an instance lag. RS time,

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53/65 or an indication of a channel status RS (CSI) configuration.

[00169] O Example 90 can include the method of example 89, in what the periodicity of RS corresponds The 1, 2, 4 or 6 subplots. [00170] O Example 91 may include the method of example

or 86, where RS is based on a cell's physical cell identifier (PCID).

[00171] Example 92 may include user equipment (UE) in a cellular network, the UE comprising: means for receiving a reference signal (RS) from a cell in the cellular network; means for identifying a time lag parameter configured in the network associated with the RS; means for identifying, based on the time lag parameter configured in the network, a RS measurement related to the received RS; and means for transmitting, to an evolved Node B (eNB), the RS measurement and an indication of the time lag parameter configured in the network.

[00172] Example 93 can include the UE of example 92, where the RS corresponds to a positioning RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

[00173] Example 94 can include the UE of example 92 or 93, where the RS measurement corresponds to a time difference from the reference signal (RSTD) or a measurement related to radio resource management (RRM).

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54/65 [00174] Example 95 can include the UE of example 92 or 93, where the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (CoMP).

[00175] Example 96 may include the UE of example 92 or 93, in which the time lag parameter configured in the network includes an RS configuration index, an indication of an RS periodicity, an indication of an instance lag. RS time, or an indication of a channel status RS (CSI) configuration.

[00176] Example 97 can include the UE of example 96, where the frequency of

RS corresponds to 1, 2, 4 or 6 subplots.

Example 98 can include the UE of example 92 or

93, where RS is based on a cell's physical cell identifier (PCID).

[00178]

Example 99 can include user equipment (UE) on a cellular network, the UE comprising:

receiving the circuitry for receiving a reference signal (RS) from a cell in the cellular network;

set of measuring circuits

RS coupled to the receiving circuitry, RS measuring circuitry for:

identification of a time lag parameter configured on the network associated with the RS; and the identification, based on the time lag parameter configured in the network, of an RS measurement related to the received RS; and the transmission circuitry coupled to the RS measurement circuitry, the transmission circuitry for

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55/65 transmit, to an evolved Node B (eNB), the RS measurement and an indication of the time lag parameter configured in the network.

[00179] Example 100 can include the UE of example 99, where the RS corresponds to a positioning RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

[00180] Example 101 may include the UE of Examples 99 or 100, where the RS measurement corresponds to a time difference from the reference signal (RSTD) or a measurement related to radio resource management (RRM).

[00181] Example 102 may include the UE of Examples 99 or 100, where the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (CoMP).

[00182] Example 103 can include the UE of example 99 or 100, where the time lag parameter configured on the network includes an RS configuration index, an indication of an RS periodicity, an indication of an instance lag. RS time, or an indication of a channel status RS (CSI) configuration.

[00183] Example 104 can include the UE of example 103, where the RS periodicity corresponds to 1, 2, 4 or 6 subplots.

[00184] Example 105 can include the UE of example 99 or 100, where the RS is based on a physical cell identifier (PCID) of the cell.

[00185] Example 106 may include a method comprising: the generation, by a cell based on a virtual cell identifier (VCID) associated with the

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56/65 cell that is different from a physical cell identifier (PCID) associated with the cell, a parameter of a reference signal (RS); and the transmission, by the cell, of an RS based on the parameter and the VCID to a user equipment (UE) on the cellular network.

[00186] Example 107 can include the method of example 106, where the RS corresponds to a positioning RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

[00187] Example 108 can include the method of example 106, further comprising generating the RS based on a pseudo-random sequence based on the VCID.

[00188] Example 109 can include the method of example 106, where the PCID is equal to a PCID of another cell in the cellular network, and the VCID is different from a VCID associated with another cell.

[00189] Example 110 may include the method of example 106, wherein the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (COMP).

[00190] Example 111 can include the method of example 106, where the parameter is a string associated with the RS or a mapping of resource elements associated with the RS.

[00191] Example 112 may include a cell transmission station on a wireless network, the transmission station comprising: means for generation, based on a virtual cell identifier (VCID) associated with the cell that is different from a physical cell identifier (PCID) associated with the cell, a parameter of a reference signal (RS); and means for transmitting an RS based on

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57/65 parameter and in the VCID to a user equipment (UE) on the cellular network.

[00192] Example 113 can include the transmission station of example 112, where the RS corresponds to a positioning RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

[00193] Example 114 may include the transmission station of example 112, further comprising means for generating the RS based on a pseudo-random sequence based on the VCID.

[00194] Example 115 may include the transmission station of any of Examples 112 to 114, where the PCID is equal to a PCID of another cell in the cellular network, and the VCID is different from a VCID associated with another cell.

[00195] O Example 116 can include the station in streaming of any one of the examples 112 to 114, in that the network cell matches to a cellular network in coordinate multiple point (COMP) ^. [00196] O Example 117 can include the station in streaming of any one of the examples 112 to 114, in

that the parameter is a string associated with the RS or a mapping of resource elements associated with the RS.

[00197] Example 118 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable means comprising instructions for making a cell transmitting station on a wireless network, upon execution of instructions by one or more transmitting station processors: generate, based on a virtual cell identifier (VCID) associated with the cell that is different from a physical cell identifier (PCID)

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58/65 associated with the cell, a parameter of a reference signal (RS); and transmit an RS based on the parameter and the VCID to a user device (UE) on the cellular network.

[00198] Example 119 can include the single or more means computer readable transient of example 118, where the RS corresponds to an RS in positioning (PRS) or an RS Discovery (DRS). [00199] Example 120 can include the single or more means computer readable transient of example 118, where instructions if are also intended for generation RS based in a pseudo-random sequence based on the VCID. [00200] Example 121 can include the single or more means computer readable transient in

any of examples 118 to 120, where the PCID is equal to a PCID of another cell in the cellular network, and the VCID is different from a VCID associated with another cell.

[00201] Example 122 may include the single or more non-transitory computer-readable media of any of Examples 118 to 120, wherein the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (COMP).

[00202] Example 123 can include the single or more non-transient computer-readable media from any of Examples 118 to 120, where the parameter corresponds to a sequence associated with the RS or a mapping of resource elements associated with the RS.

[00203] Example 124 may include a cell transmission station on the wireless network, the

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59/65 transmission comprising: the set of reference signal (RS) circuits for generation, based on a virtual cell identifier (VCID) associated with the cell that is different from a physical cell identifier (PCID) associated with the cell , of an RS parameter; and the transmission circuitry coupled to the RS circuitry, the transmission circuitry for transmitting an RS based on the parameter and the VCID to a user equipment (UE) on the cellular network.

[00204] Example 125 may include the transmission station of example 124, where the RS corresponds to a positioning RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS). [00205] Example 126 may include the transmission station of example 124, in which the RS circuitry is still intended for the generation of the RS based on a pseudo-random sequence based on the VCID.

[00206] Example 127 can include the transmission station of any of Examples 124 to 126, where the PCID is equal to a PCID of another cell in the cellular network, and the VCID is different from a VCID associated with another cell.

[00207] O Example 128 can include the station in streaming of any one of the examples 124 to 126, in that the network cell matches to a cellular network in coordinate multiple point (COMP) • [00208] O Example 129 can include the station in streaming of any one of the examples 124 to 126, in

that the parameter is a string associated with the RS or a mapping of resource elements associated with the RS.

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60/65 [00209] Example 130 may include a method comprising: the identification, by user equipment (UE) on a cellular network, of a received reference signal (RS) as an RS of a cell in the cellular network with based on a virtual cell identifier (VCID) received from the cell that is different from a cell physical cell identifier (PCID); measuring a characteristic of the RS signal; and transmitting an indication of the cell and an indication of the signal characteristic.

[00210] Example 131 may include the method of example 130, in which the signal characteristic corresponds to a time difference from the RS reference signal (RSTD) or a measurement related to RS radio resource management (RRM) .

[00211] Example 132 can include the method of example 130, in which the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (COMP).

[00212] Example 133 can include the method of any of examples 130 to 132, wherein the RS corresponds to a first RS and further comprising: the generation of a second RS based on the VCID; and the identification that the first RS and the second RS are equivalent.

[00213] Example 134 can include the method of example 133, in which the generation of the second RS includes the generation of a pseudo-random sequence based on the VCID.

[00214] Example 135 can include the method of any of examples 130 to 132, wherein the RS corresponds to a physical RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

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61/65 [00215] Example 136 can include user equipment (UE) from a cellular network, the UE comprising: means for identifying a reference signal (RS) received as an RS from a cell in the cellular network with based on a virtual cell identifier (VCID) received from the cell that is different from a cell physical cell identifier (PCID); means for measuring a characteristic of the RS signal; and means for transmitting an indication of the cell and an indication of the characteristic of the signal.

[00216] Example 137 may include the UE of example 136, in which the signal characteristic corresponds to a time difference from the RS reference signal (RSTD) or a measurement related to RS radio resource management (RRM) .

[00217] Example 138 can include the UE of example 136, where the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (COMP).

[00218] Example 139 can include the UE of any of examples 136 to 138, where the RS corresponds to a first RS and further comprising: means for generating a second RS based on the VCID; and means for identifying that the first RS and the second RS are equivalent.

[00219] Example 140 may include the UE of example 139, wherein the means for generating the second RS includes means for a pseudo-random sequence based on the VCID.

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62/65 [00220] Example 141 can include the UE of any of examples 136 to 138, where the RS corresponds to a physical RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

[00221] Example 142 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable means comprising instructions to make a user equipment (UE) of a cellular network, upon execution of instructions by one or more UE processors: identify a signal received reference (RS) as an RS of a cell in the cellular network based on a virtual cell identifier (VCID) received from the cell that is different from a physical cell identifier (PCID) of the cell; measure a characteristic of the RS signal; and transmit an indication of the cell and an indication of the signal characteristic.

[00222] Example 143 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer readable means of Example 142, where the signal characteristic corresponds to a time difference from the RS reference signal (RSTD) or a measurement related to the management of radio resources (RRM) of RS.

[00223] Example 144 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer readable media of example 142, wherein the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (COMP).

[00224] Example 145 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer readable means of any of Examples 142 through 144, further comprising instructions for: the generation of a second RS based on

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63/65

VCID; and the identification that the first RS and the second RS are equivalent.

[00225] Example 146 may include the single or more non-transitory, computer-readable media of Example 145, wherein the instructions for generating the second RS include instructions for generating a pseudo-random sequence based on the VCID.

[00226] Example 147 may include the single or more non-transient, computer readable media of any of Examples 142 through 144, where the RS corresponds to a physical RS (PRS) or a discovery RS (DRS).

[00227] Example 148 may include user equipment (UE) from a cellular network, the UE comprising: a set of reference signal (RS) measurement circuits for: identifying an RS received as an RS from a cell network cell based on a virtual cell identifier (VCID) received from the cell that is different from a cell physical cell identifier (PCID); and measuring a characteristic of the RS signal; and the transmission circuitry coupled to the RS measurement circuitry, the transmission circuitry for transmitting a cell indication and an indication of the signal characteristic.

[00228] Example 149 may include the UE of example 148, where the signal characteristic corresponds to a time difference from the RS reference signal (RSTD) or a measurement related to RS radio resource management (RRM) .

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64/65 [00229] Example 150 may include the UE of example 148, where the cellular network corresponds to a coordinated multiple point cellular network (COMP).

[00230] Example 151 can include the UE of any of examples 148 to 150, in which the RS corresponds to a first RS and the measurement of RS is also intended for: the generation of a second RS based on the VCID; and the identification that the first RS and the second RS are equivalent.

[00231] Example 152 may include the UE of example 151, in which the RS measurement circuitry is also intended for the generation of a pseudo-random sequence based on the VCID.

[00232] The Example

153 can include the UE of any of examples 148 to

150, where the RS corresponds to a physical RS (PRS) or a

Discovery RS (DRS).

[00233] Although certain modalities have been illustrated and described here for purposes of description, this application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the modalities described here.

Consequently, it is manifestly intended that the modalities described herein are only limited by the claims.

[00234] When the revelation refers to one or “a first element or the equivalent thereof, that revelation includes one or more of these elements, not requiring or excluding two or more of these elements. In addition, ordinal indicators (eg, first, second or third) for identified elements are used to distinguish between elements, and do not indicate or imply

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65/65 a required or limited number of such elements, nor do they indicate a specific position or order of those elements, unless specifically stated otherwise.

Claims (16)

1. User equipment (UE), characterized by comprising: set of receiving circuits for receiving a discovery reference signal (DRS); and reference signal (RS) circuitry coupled to the receiving circuitry, the RS circuitry for: identify a time-shift parameter associated with DRS; and perform, based on the displacement parameter, a measurement related to the DRS. 2. User equipment (UE) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that DRS is a channel state information RS (CSI) (CSIRS). 3. User equipment (UE) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises a set of transmission circuits coupled to the set of receiving circuits, the set of transmission circuits to transmit a measurement indication related to the DRS. 4. User equipment (UE), according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the displacement parameter is related to a subframe displacement. 5. User equipment (UE), according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the Petition 870170011218, of 02/20/2017, p. 75/121 2/4 DRS is related to a network in which a plurality of cells must transmit with the same identifier. 6. Non-transitory computer-readable media, characterized by understanding instructions for making user equipment (UE) on a cellular network, when instructions are executed by one or more UE processors, instructions for: identify a time-shift parameter associated with DRS; identify a received discovery reference signal (DRS); and accomplish, based at the parameter in displacement, a measure related to DRS. 7. Media, according with the claim 6, characterized by the fact that O DRS is an RS in channel status information (CSI) (CSI-RS). 8. Media, according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the instructions are additionally to transmit an indication of the measurement related to the DRS. 9. Media, according with the claim 6, characterized by fact of what the parameter of displacement is related to one displacement of subframe. 10. Media, according with the claim 6, characterized by the fact that the cellular network is a coordinated multiple point cellular network (CoMP). 11. User equipment (UE), characterized by comprising: one or more processors; and Petition 870170011218, of 02/20/2017, p. 76/121 3/4 one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the UE to: identify a displacement parameter associated with DRS, the displacement parameter related to displacement in the time domain; identify a discovery reference signal (DRS) received; and perform, based on the displacement parameter, a measurement related to DRS. 12. User equipment (UE) according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that DRS is a channel state information RS (CSI) (CSI-RS). 13. User equipment (UE) according to claim 11, characterized in that the instructions are additionally for transmitting a measurement indication related to the DRS. 14. User equipment (UE), according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the displacement parameter is related to a subframe displacement. 15. User equipment (UE), according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the network is a coordinated multiple point cellular network (CoMP). 16. Method characterized by understanding: Petition 870170011218, of 02/20/2017, p. 77/121 4/4 identify, by a user equipment (UE), a displacement parameter in the time domain associated with DRS; identify, by a UE, a received reference reference signal (DRS); and perform, by a UE based on the displacement parameter, a measure related to the DRS. 17. Method according to claim 16, characterized by the fact that DRS is a channel state information (CSI) RS (CSI-RS). 18. Method according to claim 16, characterized by the fact in which comprises additionally transmit, by HUH, the indication gives related measurement to the DRS. 19. Method, according to the claim 16, characterized by the fact what the parameter in displacement is related to one displacement in subframe. 20. Method according to the claim 16, characterized by the fact that the network is a coordinated multiple point cellular network (CoMP).