BR112021010837A2 - Solutions to increase the effectiveness of insecticides and fungicides on live plants and related methods - Google Patents

Abstract

SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES IN LIVE PLANTS AND RELATED METHODS. The present invention relates to a solution to resist destruction of live plants and a related method. A solution that includes a buffered amine oxide mixed with at least one material selected from the group consisting of insecticides and fungicides is applied to the live plant and provides greater resistance synergistically effective at live plant decay than any amine oxide individual buffer, insecticides and fungicides reach. a method related is disclosed.

Description

“SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES IN LIVE PLANTS AND RELATED METHODS” CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUEST

[0001] This PCT International Application claims priority of US Part Continuing Application No. 16/208,976, filed on December 4, 2018 and is entitled “SOLUTIONS

FOR ENHANCEMENT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSECTICIDES ON LIVING PLANTS AND RELATED METHODS,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to an improved solution for enhancing the protection of live plants through synergistic effects between buffered amine oxides and insecticides and fungicides and related methods.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE

[0003] Fungi, insects and other pests cause significant economic losses in crop food production, as well as losses in forestry, tree plantations, pastures, flowers and other agricultural products. In addition, fungicides and insecticides have been employed in a wide variety of locations and types of use to inhibit plant destruction by fungi and insect pests. Problems created by insects and fungi have long existed in many environments, including but not limited to agriculture, parks, golf courses, residential environments, highways, vegetable gardens, train tracks, recreational facilities, flower gardens, forests, grasslands. , waterways and many other environments. This can interfere with the desired functionality, plant health, as well as the aesthetics of an area with vegetation.

[0004] It is known to use a wide variety of materials to protect living plants from insects and fungi. A wide variety of insecticides and fungicides have been used to improve the health of living plants and resist attack by insects, fungi and other destructive organisms.

[0005] It is known to introduce wood preservatives in sawn wood to resist its deterioration.

[0006] Ward, US Patent 7,896,960, discloses a method and solution for providing improved penetration of wood preservatives into wood at greater depth through synergism between a buffering agent and an amine oxide, which contemplates the use of various types. of wood preservatives in wood that has been cut from a living tree. Green lumber is also considered treatable by the system.

[0007] This patent, which refers to wood as distinct from living plants, includes, in the definition of wood preservatives, a number of chemical compounds including specific reference to fungicidal, insecticidal, water resistant and termite resistant materials.

[0008] U.S. Patent 6,811,731 is directed to a flame retardant wood-based compound created by treating a green wood pulp with a phosphate/borate flame retardant material. The flame retardant treated green wood pulp is blended with a binder and then bonded by applying pressure to form a non-leaching flame retardant wood-based compound.

[0009] Walker, U.S. Patent 6,572,788, discloses the use of amine oxides as wood preservatives and states that amine oxides inhibit microbial growth in wood. This patent relates to wood that has been cut from growing trees and discloses the use of wood preservatives believed to inhibit destructive organisms such as fungi and sapstain, for example. It is aimed at conserving the structural integrity of the wood after the tree has been killed and resisting destruction of the resulting lumber as a primary objective.

[0010] Tseng, U.S. Patent 6,508,869, discloses the use of amine oxides to improve the performance of boron compounds as wood preservatives. Amine oxides which improve the effectiveness of boron compounds as insecticides or biocides and plant growth regulating agents are mentioned. They are also believed to provide a better dispersion of boron compounds when applied to plants and fungi. It also refers to the seeds of plants and the area in which the plants or fungi grow.

[0011] There remains, therefore, a very real and substantial need for an improved system to resist attack and destruction of living plants by insects and fungi.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The present invention provides a solution and method for obtaining synergistic action between a fungicide and a buffered amine oxide and/or an insecticide and a buffered amine oxide, in order to provide increased resistance of a living plant to unwanted spoilage due to to fungi and insects.

[0013] The solution and related method provide greater protection to the plant than would be obtained using the fungicide alone or the insecticide alone.

[0014] It is an object of the present invention to provide cost-effective means to improve the performance of insecticides and fungicides on live plants.

[0015] It is another object of the present invention to provide a solution and related method that improves the performance of fungicides and insecticides on live plants.

[0016] It is another objective of the present invention that, through synergism with a buffered amine oxide, it improves the performance of conventional insecticides and fungicides.

[0017] It is yet another object of the present invention to employ a synergistic combination of insecticides or fungicides with a buffered amine oxide system to produce improved insect and fungal resistance while employing a lesser amount of the insecticide or fungicide.

[0018] These and other objects of the invention will be better understood from the following description of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES

[0019] As used in this document, the term “living plant” is used in its common sense and is to be distinguished from (a) plants that have died and (b) products or items that once existed but are no longer alive or part of a plant. a living plant such as, for example, lumber. This definition will include live plant food products, such as fruits or vegetables that have been removed from a plant.

[0020] Living plants are characterized by the following:

[0021] (a) they obtain energy from light, water and carbon dioxide, or from pre-existing carbon-based life forms, or from other forms of energy;

[0022] b) they can grow through reproductive cells and/or specialized evolutionary cells that can differentiate into oilier cell types to perform different functions;

[0023] (c) they have structures that allow them to resist water loss, allow the movement of water, allow the movement of materials (such as sugars, minerals, hormones, residues and microelements, for example), resist environmental forces (such as ultraviolet light, freezing and thawing, desiccation, submersion, blow particles, fire, animal digestion, toxins and altitudes as examples);

[0024] (d) they perform biochemical metabolic functions to live, grow and reproduce through many types of cells or organelles that are engineered by actively operating DNA, enzymes and other biologically active molecules;

[0025] (e) they compete for resources from other plants and other living organisms; and

[0026] (f) they die by natural or man-made forces.

[0027] As used herein, a "buffer" or "buffer system" is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base with its conjugate acid. A buffer system can also be obtained by adding a weak acid/conjugate base or a weak base/conjugate acid or by adding the weak acid/weak base and a strong acid/strong base in sufficient quantity to form the conjugate acid/base. conjugated. A buffer is a solution that resists the change in pH when an acid or base is added to it. A “single buffer” involves just one compound being added to a solution to make a buffer that internally contains either a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. A “double buffer system” or “double buffer” consists of two different buffering agents, each of which has its own weak acid/conjugate base or weak base/conjugate acid or weak acid/weak base pairs that combine to provide the desired pH. The specific buffering system or buffers of the present invention are preferably all double buffering systems or dual buffers.

[0028] The present invention involves creating a synergistic effect by applying to the plant a solution that includes an insecticide or a fungicide or both that achieves a synergistically created improvement in the result by combining it with a buffered amine oxide.

[0029] Amine oxides can be mixed with buffers in a solvent to create a buffered amine oxide solution and then mixed with an insecticide and/or fungicide solution. Preferred amine oxides are selected from the group consisting of (a) amine oxides of 12 carbon length, such as that sold under the tradename Barlox 12, and (b) a mixture of 12 and 18 carbon lengths sold under the Barlox trade name

1218. The buffer system has the property that the pH of the solution changes very little when a small amount of a strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping the pH at an almost constant value over a wide range of chemical operations. In the present invention, the buffer system helps to maintain a substantially constant pH when in contact with biological systems, such as living plants.

[0030] Buffer system concepts can be extended to polyprotic species in which one or more protons can be removed to form different buffer systems, that is, phosphate systems. Among the preferred buffers are ammonium/ammonium salt, Deprotonated Lysine/Double Deprotonated Lysine, Dibasic Phosphate, Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate.

[0031] Boric Acid/Borax, Dibasic Potassium Phosphate/Tribasic Potassium Phosphate, Tribasic Ammonium Citrate and Monobasic Potassium Phosphate/Dibasic Potassium Phosphate.

[0032] It will be appreciated that buffered amine oxides do not significantly change the pH of insecticidal or fungicidal products, but rather make the pH much less likely to change based on the buffering capacity of the buffering additives.

[0033] A series of tests were performed in the United States in order to determine the effectiveness of a solution of the present invention combining an insecticide with a double-buffered amine oxide and the effectiveness of a solution of the present invention combining a fungicide with an oxide of buffered amine.

[0034] TABLES 1 to 3 describe, respectively, the buffer systems used in the North American experiments reported in TABLES 4 and 5, with TABLE 2 referring to the experimental method and TABLE 4 showing a group of pH and total ionic strengths.

[0035] TABLE 1 describes the composition of buffer systems 3 to 4 that were used in the studies. Buffer systems 3 to 4 were prepared by dissolving the appropriate reagents in one liter of deionized water until a homogeneous solution was obtained. TABLE 4 shows, in the left column, the number assigned to a specific buffer with column 2 containing the abbreviated name or the full name of the buffers. The amount of acidic chemical per liter and basic chemical per liter appears in the next two pairs of columns.

[0036] TABLE 2 is directed to the experimental method in the preparation of pre-blended amine oxide and buffer systems. Buffer system compositions identify the name of the buffer system in the first column with the next two columns providing the acidic chemical identification and the weight percent amount followed by the basic chemical amount and the name. The last two columns give, respectively, the weight percentage of water and the weight percentage of Barlox 12 (30% by weight of the amine oxide donor).

[0037] TABLE 2 describes the composition of pre-blended Amine Oxide and Buffer System 3 that was used in the studies. Buffer system 3 was prepared by dissolving the appropriate reagent salts in water and then adding sufficient amine oxide donor to make one liter of solution.

[0038] TABLE 3 shows the pH and total buffer ionic strengths (molars) of buffer systems 3 and 4.

[0039] With reference to TABLES 4 and 5, the columns under the heading Buffered Amine Oxide System correspond to the identification provided in TABLES 1 to 3.

[0040] In general, in the present invention, the amine oxides were mixed with buffers and then added to insecticide or fungicide formulations. Among the preferred amine oxides were those with a length of 12 carbons, such as that sold under the tradename Barlox 12 and a mixture of the lengths of 12 and 18 carbons sold under the tradename Barlox 1218. The buffer solution serves to stabilize the pH at an almost constant value over a wide variety of chemical operations.

[0041] In the present invention, the buffer system maintains a substantially constant pH when in contact with biological systems. The buffer system is an aqueous system consisting of a mixture of a weak acid in its conjugate or a weak base in its conjugate acid. The desired buffer system can be obtained by directly adding the weak acid/conjugate base or weak base/conjugate acid salts or by adding the weak acid/weak base and a strong acid/strong base in sufficient quantity to form the conjugate acid/conjugate base. .

[0042] Amine oxide additives can be mixed as tank mixes with insecticides or fungicides or can be incorporated into insecticides or fungicide formulas.

[0043] TABLE 1 shows 2 different buffers, while TABLE 3 shows a mixture of amine oxide. TABLE 4 describes systems in which the appropriate reagents were dissolved in deionized water until a homogeneous solution was obtained. TABLE 3 deals with pre-blending the amine oxide and buffer systems with the appropriate reagent salts dissolved in water and subsequently adding the amine oxide donor.

[0044] Except when the fungicide or insecticide is listed in column 1 of the table and identified by concentrations in terms of PPM that involves the total amount present based on the total weight of the solution, in relation to the other columns of the table, consult the concentration on a total solution volume basis.

[0045] When using the tests that generated the data cited in Table 4, a water control that employs twenty seedlings of 20 milliliters per seedling of low volume manual spray showed 100% of coloring fungi in the stem wound, as indicated in first number in the last column of Table 4. The buffers and amine oxide employed are shown in Tables 1 to 3. The protocol involved seven days after application, a sterile razor blade wound of about 2 millimeters by 10 millimeters was established on each stem of the seedling. Fourteen days after the stem wound, the wounds were examined for the presence of staining fungi. In creating these for solution, the buffer was used and amine oxides were added to the dilute solution of fungicide.

[0046] American Field Tests of Buffered Amine Oxide Additives for Fungicide and Insecticide (Tables 4 and 5) TABLE 4 - MAY TO JUNE 2013

[0047] Referring to TABLE 4, in which a commonly used fungicide, Propiconazole, was employed in tests in the amount of 50:200 PPM (parts per million), employed with and without buffered amine oxide systems 3 and 4 with some of the tests employing the length of 12 carbons and others the mixture of 1218 carbons. In a preferred embodiment in 1218 on a weight basis, the 12-carbon length will be present in an amount of about 1.3 to 2.0 times the amount of the 18-carbon length and in the preferred range about 1.5 to 1 .8 times the amount of length of 18 carbons. The tests were carried out on white oak seedlings that were provided with a wound on the stem into which colored fungi of the ceratocystis variety were introduced. Staining indicates that the fungicide or other treatment did not resist the growth of the fungi with the number 100 representing 100% no inhibition of mold growth and the number 0 indicating 0% or 0 indicating no mold growth.

[0048] With reference in TABLE 4 to the title of No Buffer, it is seen that amine oxides of length 12 and 1218 in concentrations of 200:1 and 400:1 did not inhibit the growth of the coloring fungi at all. Considering Propiconazole used alone, it appears that at 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm, inhibition at 50 ppm did not exist, as there was 100% growth and 80% growth was experienced at 100 ppm, while at 200 ppm there was a growth of 20%.

[0049] With continuous reference to TABLE 4, the combination of the fungicide with the buffered amine oxide system #3, employing 50 ppm in the 12 carbon length combined with 50 ppm of propiconazole, the concentration of 200:1, there was 0 growth of the fungus and, at 400:1, there was a growth of 20%. The same 50 ppm of the fungicide employed with 200:1 and 400:1, buffered amine oxide system 1218 #3, produced 0 fungal growth.

[0050] TABLE 4 shows that both lengths 12 and 1218 of buffered amine oxide system #3 used alone at concentrations of 200:1 and 400:1 did not produce fungal growth inhibition as both showed 100% fungal growth. of coloring.

[0051] Considering buffered amine oxide system #4 when the length of 12 is used in combination with 50 ppm of the fungicide, at the concentration of 400:1, 20% fungal growth was experienced and at 200:1 no fungal growth has been experienced. Concerning the fungicide which is at 50 ppm and the length of 1218 carbons, a buffered amine oxide system #4, at concentration 200:1 and 400:1, there was 0 growth of fungi.

[0052] Considering the lengths of 12 and 1218 employed without the fungicide in both concentrations, 200:1 and 400:1, there was a fungal growth of 100%.

[0053] The test results in TABLE 4 therefore support the conclusion that in the absence of a plug there was 100% fungal growth. When using 12-length amine oxide or 1218-length amine oxide alone with both buffered amine systems #3 and #4, there was 100% fungal growth. When, however, the combination of fungicide and buffered amine oxide systems was employed, the length of 12 or 1218 was considered, when the concentration was 200:1 there was no fungal growth, and when the concentration was 400: 1 there was 20% fungal growth.

[0054] The method of testing the materials consisted of spraying the stem of the seedling with the particular solution to be tested and 7 days after application, creating a wound of approximately 2 millimeters by 10 millimeters on each stem of the seedling. Fourteen days after wounding, the wounds were examined for the presence of staining fungi.

TABLE 5 - MAY TO JUNE 2013

[0055] With reference to TABLE 5, are shown the results of tests of an insecticide which, in this case, was permethrin, which was presented in several tests in amounts from 10 ppm to 50 ppm and concentrations of 100 ppm were tested in relation to to a bufferless control, as well as buffered amine oxide systems employing a length of 12 carbons.

[0056] The specific solutions tested were applied to a stem of a white oak seedling using low volume manual spraying and spraying 20 milliliters per seedling. In total, 20 seedlings were tested. The use of permethrin alone at a concentration of 10 ppm resulted in 80% damage to the gypsy moth caterpillar. At the permethrin concentration of 50 ppm, the damage after one month was 30% and with 100 ppm used alone, the damage was 0. When the buffered amine oxide system #3 was used at concentrations of 400:1 with

10 ppm of the insecticide, the damage of the gypsy moth caterpillar was 10% and when a concentration of 200:1 was used with 10 ppm of the insecticide, the damage was

0. This shows that a much smaller amount of insecticide was required to achieve 0 damage when it was used in combination with the buffered amine oxide system which created a desired synergistic effect. If less than 50 percent of the leaf mass was consumed, this shows successful inhibition of gypsy moth damage.

[0057] Use of buffered amine oxide system #3 alone at concentrations of 400:1 and 200:1 resulted in 100% damage to the gypsy moth caterpillar after one month.

[0058] The use of Buffered Amine Oxide System #4 in combination with 10 ppm of the insecticide reduces gypsy moth caterpillar damage to 10% when using a concentration of 400:1 and to 0 when using a concentration of 200:1.

[0059] The use of buffered amine oxide system #4 without the insecticide resulted in 100% damage to the gypsy moth caterpillar.

[0060] Previous tests show that neither the buffered amine oxide system 3 nor 4 at concentrations of 200:1 and 400:1 produced any measurable difference in gypsy moth caterpillar damage compared to the control that had neither insecticide nor buffered amine oxide systems. When, however, the buffered amine oxide systems 3 and 4 were used with insecticide concentrations of 10 ppm, in the 400:1 concentration of the buffered amine oxide systems with a length of 12 carbons, there was only 10% damage. of the gypsy moth caterpillar and, at a concentration of 200:1, there was 0 damage.

[0061] If desired, a single solution may contain both an insecticide and a fungicide.

[0062] Extensive additional testing of a wide variety of fungicides was carried out in an effort to confirm the performance of the present invention. The data are presented in Table 6.

[0063] When carrying out the tests, ten seedlings of red oak are used per iteration with the materials being tested applied at approximately 12 milliliters per sowing applied with a low volume hand sprayer. Red oak (Quercus rubra) was then tested during the period August 28, 2017 through October 5, 2017 in the suburban area of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the transferee's agricultural greenhouse. All of the fungicides used in the test were registered by the US Environmental Protection Agency for use as pesticides. Seven days after application, a sterile razor blade wound measuring approximately 2 millimeters by 10 millimeters was created on each seedling stem. Immediately after wounding, 1 ml of macerated fungal mixture suspended in distilled water was applied to each stem wound. Twenty-eight days after wounding, wounds were evaluated for an average percentage of coloring fungi present in each seedling stem wound. A black opaque straw dressing was applied to each wound. The black opaque straws were applied approximately one minute after the wound and inoculation with the fungi. Straws are simple polypropylene straws, used in the poultry industry, for example. They are wider than regular straws as they are employed in the healthcare industry for patients who need these straws. They are sterile. The purpose of using these straws is to facilitate the creation of a dark environment in the wound, as fungi tend to like damp, dark places. This is employed to increase the effectiveness of the test by accelerating the severity of fungal growth conditions. Each stem wound received two ml of distilled water 10, 17, 21, and 28 days after wounding by a low-volume trigger spray. A propylene glycol based dye was included at a concentration of 100:1 in all solutions. The oven conditions were maintained between 18.33 °C and 30 °C (65 °F and 85 °F) and the relative humidity range of

30 to 80%. The test which employed the combination of thiabendazole, fludioxonil and azoxystrobin was obtained as a formulated pesticide product that was available under the tradename “Sporgard”.

[0064] It will be appreciated from the following analysis and from the data containing the results of testing a large number of fungicides with various amounts and with various combinations of materials, including the preferred composition of the present invention. Among the preferred fungicides that were tested are Thiabendazole, Fludioxonil, Azoxystrobin, Chlorothalonil, Propiconazole, Mancozeb, Vinclozolin and Mefenoxam.

[0065] The resulting conclusion, as demonstrated by the test results, is that Applicant's invention allows for the use of substantially fewer fungicides, while achieving equal or better results. This can help to save the end user money.

[0066] The general format of tables 6 to 8 will involve the first column identifying the absence or amount of a fungicide or the identity of the fungicide, as well as controls. The use in column 1 of “(No water control)” means that neither water nor dye was used. The use of “(No dye control)” means that no dye was used, only water was used as a control. Dye when used was added to show that the test article was adequately covered in the required area with the same treatment volume. Controls also work to confirm that no influence from inert co-formulants has occurred. The second column will indicate the amount in parts per million of the fungicide used. The third to fifth columns involve concentrations of 200:1. The third column will identify the concentrations of the chosen buffer systems which, in this series of tests, were buffer systems 3 and 4, as defined in Tables 1 to 3.

[0067] The third column deals with two buffer systems but no amine oxides.

[0068] The fourth column employs amine oxides without a buffer. The fourth column deals with amine oxide without a buffer.

[0069] The fifth column deals with the use of the buffered amine oxide system and the identity of the buffer. The final column is a numerical grade representing the percentage coverage of coloring fungi in percentage in the stem wound of red oak seedlings, as measured on day 28.

[0070] Referring more specifically to Table 6 (pages 14 to 17) with reference to the first nine entries where no fungicide was employed, it is seen that where buffer systems 4 and 3 were employed without an amine oxide at concentrations of 200:1, the scores were 67% and 85%.

[0071] As for the unbuffered amine oxide and lengths of 12 and 1218 carbons, the percentages were, respectively, 77 and 56. As shown in the next column, the buffered amine oxide system of the present invention was employed. Both buffered amine oxide and buffer 4 or buffer 3, each with lengths of 12 or 1218 carbons, were employed. The staining percentages were 61 and 78 relative to buffer system 4 with the 12 carbon length performing better than the 1218 carbon length. Furthermore, with regard to buffer system 3 in combination with amine oxide, the percentage was 69 over the 12-carbon length and 94 over the 1218-carbon length.

[0072] In short, based on the absence of use of any fungicide, the staining percentage ranged from a low of 56 to a high of 94.

[0073] Referring to Table 6, the tests were performed using a combination of thiabendazole, fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, which combination is commercially offered under the trade name of "Sporgard" with a composition of 19.04% Thiabendazole , 19.04% Azoxystrobin and 1.92% Fludioxonil, Propiconazole, Mancozeb, Vinclozolin and Mefenoxam. In all but the last two tests that employ this combination, 160 ppm (parts per million) was used based on the total weight of the solution. Note that when it was used alone, the fungal coverage was 72. With the fungicide and without amine oxide and buffer systems 4 and 3, respectively, it was 92 and 67.

[0074] Unbuffered amine oxide in lengths 12 and 1218 produced staining of 52 and 59. Buffer system 4 in combination with buffered amine oxide in lengths of 12 and 1218, respectively, produced 19 and 36, which it was a substantial improvement over the previous categories without the amine oxide or without the buffer. Similarly, buffered amine oxide employing buffer system 3 with lengths of 12 and 1218 carbons yielded 25 and 26, respectively.

[0075] With both tests employing the fungicide in increased amounts of 320 ppm and 640 ppm, without any of the other materials, the results were, respectively, 40 and 22. This series of tests shows that successful results can be obtained with use of the fungicide in the amount of 160 ppm with the buffered amine oxide system of the invention yielding comparable results while allowing for a reduction in the amount of fungicide employed.

[0076] In Table 6, the results of using chlorothalonil were compared. Chlorothalonil in an amount of 1,235 ppm used alone resulted in a coverage of 91 fungi of very unsatisfactory color. When used in the same amount without amine oxide, but in buffer concentrations of 200:1 for buffer systems 4 and 3, respectively, the results were 41 and 72. When testing the same fungicide with a 200:1 concentration of fungicide with amine oxides without buffer, the results were, respectively, staining of 64 and 55.

[0077] The chlorothalonil fungicide employed with buffered amine oxide employing buffer system 4 and fungicide concentration of 200:1 and length of 12 and 1218 carbons produced good results of 24 and 33, respectively. The buffered amine oxide system employing buffer system 3 and lengths of 12 and 1218 carbons, respectively, produced results of 0.27 and 33. When the chlorothalonil fungicide was used alone in the amount of 2,470 ppm, the percentage of staining was 49 and when 4,940 ppm were employed, the percentage of staining was 37. As a result, use of the unique combination of the invention produced superior resistance to staining fungal coverage when 1,235 ppm of the fungicide was used compared to using the fungicide alone in much larger quantities. These tests confirmed the fact that superior results can be obtained with the formulation of the present invention using a reduced amount of fungicide compared to (a) the fungicide used alone, and (b) when the buffer was used without the amine oxide and when the amine was used without the buffer.

[0078] Table 6 also provides test results employing the fungicide Propiconazole. When propiconazole was used alone, the staining percentage was 85. Employing buffer systems 4 and 3 without amine oxide resulted in percentage staining, respectively, at a concentration of 200:1, of 77 and 74. of amine without buffer at lengths of 12 and 1218 showed a staining percentage of 43 and 55, respectively.

[0079] The use of the buffered amine system 4 in lengths of 12 and 1218 carbons, respectively, produced results of 13 and 33. The use of the buffered amine oxide system with buffer system 3 and lengths of 12 and 1218 produced coloring in 20 and 44. It is observed that in these tests the amount of propiconazole varied from 100 ppm to 107 ppm, and in 107 the result was 44. Further increases in propiconazole to 200 ppm and 400 ppm produced 81 and 33. series of tests shows that employing the formulation of the invention with different buffer systems and carbon lengths of 12 and 1218 successfully created resistance to staining fungi compared to substantially increasing the percentage of propiconazole without employing the formulations of the present invention.

[0080] As shown in Table 6, tests were performed with the fungicide Mancozeb with all but the last two tests having a concentration of 1097 ppm. In the fungicide concentration without other ingredients, the percentage of fungal staining was 74. When buffer systems 4 and 3 were used without amine oxide, the numbers were, respectively, 77 and 67. When the same amount of Mancozeb was used with amine oxide without buffer, the lengths of 12 and 1218 carbons showed a performance of 58 and 30.

[0081] When the buffered amine oxide system of the present invention was employed, buffer system 3 had values of 24 and 30 and buffer system 4 with lengths of 12 and 1218, respectively, had values of 9 and 23. mancozeb concentration was increased to 2194 ppm and 4388 ppm, the numbers were 35 and 22. These numbers, respectively, were no more effective and generally less effective than the fungicide employed at 1097 ppm. As a result, it is apparent that a lesser amount of fungicide can be employed when it is used with the buffered amine oxide systems of the present invention.

[0082] Without buffer or amine oxide, the result was 43 and when the fungicide Vinclozolin was used at 122 ppm, without amine oxide, the results were 55 and 49 with the formulation being 200:1. When it was used with amine oxide, but without buffer, at lengths of 12 carbons, the percentage of staining was 32 and at lengths of 1218 carbons, it was 16.

[0083] Use at this level with 200:1 concentration and buffer system 4 at 12 carbon length and 1218 carbon length yielded results of 7 and 34. Buffer system 3 yielded results of 17 and 38 respectively. of Vinclozolin was increased to 244 ppm, which is double the result of the following previous test, and 488 ppm, the results were respectively 21 and 15. As a result, these data with Vinclozolin establish the fact that with the formulation of the buffered amine oxide of the present invention, substantially less fungicide can be employed with equal or better results in terms of percentage of coloring fungi.

[0084] In Tables 6, there are reported data from tests of Mefenoxam with all but the last two tests employing 20 ppm of the fungicide. The other components when employed were used at a concentration of 200:1. Mefenoxam alone produced a result of

64. Buffer systems 4 and 3, respectively, without amine oxide produced results of 55 and 52 and the amine oxide system without buffer at lengths of 12 and 1218, respectively, produced results of 38 and 25. of preferred buffered amine at lengths of 12 and 1218 carbons, the results were 14 and 25, respectively, and for buffer system 3 were 16 and 21, respectively. In contrast, doubling mefenoxam to 40 ppm without the buffered amine oxide system yielded a result of 42 and doubling mefenoxam to 80 ppm without the buffered amine oxide system yielded a result of 23. These results confirm the fact that the use of the buffered amine oxide of the present invention allows the use of a much smaller amount of fungicide with better or equivalent results.

[0085] In evaluating the test results, it is observed that the inhibition of the staining fungus was substantially better when employing Applicant's buffered amine oxide system with the preferred buffer systems 4 and 3. It will also be noted that the 12 carbon length and the 1218 carbon length performed effectively. In each case, the buffered amine oxide system was most effective in inhibiting coloring fungi (a) in tests without fungicide, (b) in tests without amine oxide, and (c) in tests with amine oxide, but without plug.

[0086] A series of tests were performed involving exposure of live plants that were treated with a variety of insecticides and buffered amine oxide systems of the present invention. These tests included comparative tests where no insecticide was used, tests where no amine oxide was used, tests where no buffer was used but lengths of 12 and 1218 carbons were employed, and finally where two different buffered amine oxide systems were used. of the present invention were used with a length of 12 carbons and a length of 1218 carbons.

In all of these tests, when the insecticide dosage was increased by approximately 50% or 100%, these results reflect the insecticide use alone.

[0087] In a first group of tests, the results of which are shown in Table 7 (pages 22 to 24), romaine lettuce plants five to seven centimeters (two to three inches) in height were exposed to 10 milliliters of solution applied to each plant using a low volume trigger sprayer. Regarding containers 0-7, ten plants were used per container, nine were treated and one was an internal control. In the M-H containers, ten plants were used per container, five were treated and 5 were internal controls. Each container was infested with 30 lepidopteran larvae between the 5th and 6th instar development. Fifteen caterpillars (Trichoplusia ni) and 15 beetroot (Spodoptera exigua) caterpillars were used to infest the romaine lettuce plants. Visual assessments for mean percentage of total surface area damage were made 24 hours after infestation. The percentage of damage was evaluated in 5% increments for the total damage on all leaves of the plants.

[0088] As indicated in the first column of Table 7, in some tests, no insecticide was used and there were two controls; a water-free control and a dye-free control. A wide variety of insecticides selected from the following group were tested: Chlorantranilopril, Acephate, Methoxyfenozide, Spinosad, Permethrin and Indoxacarb. The product concentration is shown in PPM in column 2. Column 3 is divided into two subunits, the first being CO 3 and the second being PO4. In all examples in columns 3, 4 and 5 and their sub-columns, the concentrations used were 200:1. The fourth column employed amine oxide, but without buffer. The fifth column shows the preferred buffered amine oxide system using amine oxide and a buffer. Two sub-columns are each represented for CO3 and PO4. The final column is a reading of the percentage of lepidopteran damage to romaine lettuce plants after 24 hours.

[0089] A second series of tests involved disks of romaine lettuce approximately 1.58 cm (5/8 inch) in diameter.

(L. sativa). The results are reported in Table 8. They were dipped in the treatment solution one second per disc. This test involved the 5/5 configuration, that is, 5 treated and 5 untreated. The infestation involved lepidopteran larvae in the 3rd to 4th development of instar per container: four caterpillars (Trichoplusia ni) and four beet caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) were employed. The test containers were placed in a dark cabinet with humidity at 15 °C and 80% relative humidity. Visual assessments of mean percent damage were made 24, 48, and 72 hours after the start of infestation. Results are provided in the last column of Table 8. Damage was assessed in 5% increments based on total disc area.

[0090] In addition to testing the buffered amine system of the present invention with the two amine oxides identified as CO 3 and PO4 and their use with a length of 12 carbons and a mixture of 12 and 18 designated 1218 for comparative data purposes, several differences were created in the tests. Some of the tests were performed with (a) no insecticide along with (b) no amine oxide for CO3 and PO4 and (c) no buffer but amine oxide. In addition, the tests were performed without insecticide and without water control, without foliar application being made. The tests without insecticide and without dye control used foliar application of water only. The tests were conducted with all tests on the buffer alone, on the amine oxide alone and on the buffered amine oxide system of the present invention at a concentration of 200:1.

[0091] The tests were monitored over 24 hours with the results shown in the last column of Table 7 in percentage values. The concentrations of each of the insecticides remained constant for the first nine tests, were increased for the tenth test, and were further increased for the eleventh test. The first group of tests did not involve insecticides. The insecticide-only test produced a value of 41. When the insecticide-free tests were performed without amine oxide for CO3 and PO4, the values were, respectively, 32.5 and 42.5. With the amine oxide and without the buffer, the test results were 41.5 and 48. With the use of the buffered amine oxide of the present invention, the CO3 buffer produced damages of only 28.0 and 47.5, respectively for the lengths of 12 and 1218 carbons. PO4 buffer produced values of 45.0 and 60.0.

[0092] The values for control without water and control without dye were, respectively, 55.0 and 45.5.

[0093] In the test involving the insecticide Chlorantranilopril, at 60 ppm, without amine oxide, the values were 13.5 and 9.0, respectively. With amine oxide, but without buffer, the values were 9.0 and 5.5, respectively. In the preferred buffered amine oxide system of the present invention, the CO 3 values were 2.5 and 2.5 for the 12 and 1218 carbon lengths. For PO4, the values were 4.0 and 0, respectively for lengths of 12 and 1218 carbons.

[0094] When the insecticide was increased from 50¼ to 90 ppm, the damage value was 8.2 and when it was increased to 120 ppm, the damage value was 8.5. These tests show that the preferred buffered amine oxide system produced superior results even at the very high concentration of the insecticide, showing the economic advantage of using less while achieving the applicant's successful results.

[0095] With respect to Acephate, the damage where the buffered amine oxide system of the invention was employed ranged from 1.0 to 11.5, which was drastically superior to the other two categories, that is, without amine oxide and without cap. Without amine oxide the values were 31.0 and 20.0 and without buffer the values were 28.0 and 36.0. Increasing the Acephate concentration to 105 ppm and 140 ppm still showed increased damage of 16.5 and 13.0, respectively, compared to Applicant's preferred buffered amine oxide system.

[0096] When the insecticide concentration of 105 ppm and 140 ppm was employed, the results were respectively 16.5 and 13.0, which was not as good as the buffered amine oxide system of the present invention. Note that, relative to Chlorantranilopril and Acephate, the buffered amine oxide system of the present invention was superior to even greater amounts of the insecticide. As a result, superior damage inhibition was achieved with the use of less insecticide.

[0097] Tests involving Methoxyfenozide showed damages ranging from 4.5 to 9.0 with the two preferred buffers compared to tests without amine oxide or without buffer where damages ranged from 13.0 to 29.5 . Increasing the insecticide concentration to 150 ppm and 200 ppm resulted in damage values of 43.0 and 23.5 which were substantially higher than the preferred buffered amine oxide system which produced much substantially lower values.

[0098] With the Spinosad tests, the damage range with the preferred buffers and lengths of 12 and 1218 carbons ranged from 6.5 to 12.5, while the tests without amine oxide or buffer had a range of 17 to 24 ,5.

[0099] Even when the concentration of Spinosad was increased to 45 and 60 respectively, the damage was 17.0 and 19.0, which substantially exceeded the damage when employing the system of the present invention.

[0100] With Permethrin, the damage using the buffered amine oxide system of the invention ranged from 21.0 to 28.0, while for the other two categories that do not involve amine oxide or buffer, the damage ranged from 72 .0 to 83.0, which was substantially above tests involving the system of the invention. When permethrin was increased from 10 parts per million to 15 ppm and 20 ppm, the results were 78.0 and 90.0, respectively. This again confirms the substantial advantage of reducing the amount of insecticide use while achieving superior results through the use of the buffered amine oxide system.

[0101] With the tests involving Indoxacarb, the range of damage when using the system of the present invention was from 7.0 to 8, while the other tests that did not involve any amine oxide or any buffer varied from 25.5 to 47 Increasing the concentration of Indoxacarb for tests involving 75 ppm and 100 ppm produced results of 20.0 and 12.0 which, despite the increase in insecticide, were lower than the results produced by the present invention.

[0102] It will be appreciated, therefore, that the extensive tests reported in Table 7 establish synergy between the components of the present invention that produce superior results while employing less insecticide.

[0103] In the tests reported in Table 8 pages 29 to 32), disks of romaine lettuce (L. sativa) leaves 1.58 cm (5/8”) in diameter were dipped in the treatment solution for about one second. per disk. The infestation was provided by eight lepidopteran larvae in the 3rd to 4th instar development per container. Four caterpillars (Trichoplusia ni) and four beet caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) were used in the infestation. The containers were placed in a dark cabinet with humidity at 15 °C and 80% relative humidity. Visual observations of mean percent damage were made 24, 48 and 72 hours after infestation. Damage assessment was done in 5% increments over the total area of the disc.

[0104] In the test results provided in Table 8, the identity and concentrations of the insecticide were identical to the test results reported in Table 7. A concentration of 200:1 was employed for the system without amine oxide, without buffer and with buffered amine oxide. This series of tests, however, reported how the percentage damage changed over time in the respective 24, 48, and 72 hour intervals.

[0105] With respect to testing, when no insecticide, amine oxide, or buffer was employed, while changes between 24-hour and 48-hour measurements varied, at 72 hours, there was 100 percent damage. The same is true of the waterless control and dyeless control.

[0106] Continuing with the analysis of Table 8, the performance of chlorantranilopril with the formulations CO> and PO4 and length of 12 carbons and length of 1218 carbons had a range of 2 to 13 after 72 hours. When the chlorantranilopril concentration was increased to 90 and 120, respectively, the results after 72 hours were 15.0 and 17.5. Even with the increased concentration of Chlorantranilopril, the buffered amine oxides at lengths 12 and 1218 produced superior performance to the use of the pesticide alone. With increasing concentration to 90 ppm and 120 ppm, chlorantranilopril showed damage of 15.0 and 17.50 percent, which confirms the applicant's superiority in terms of obtaining better results using less of the insecticide.

[0107] With Acephate, the buffered amine oxide system of the present invention after 72 hours, Acephate without the use of buffered amine oxide showed damage in the range of 59.5 to 79.5. This should be contrasted with the buffered amine oxide tests at lengths 12 and 1218 of applicant's two buffered amine oxides that had damage in the range of 51 to 72.

[0108] With Methoxyfenozide, the ranges for the buffered amine oxide system after 72 hours were 57.0 to 88.0, which was a substantial improvement over no amine oxide and no buffer. Methoxyfenozide at concentrations of 100 without the amine oxide showed after 72 hours damage in the range of 87.5 to 100 and with the concentration increased from 150 to 200, 100 percent damage.

[0109] Spinosad used alone had a range of 28 to 59 damage. The range for the preferred amine oxide with Spinosad at 72 hours was 29.5 to 49.5. Increasing use of Spinosad alone increased the concentration of Spinosad alone and produced results of 36.0 and 36.5.

[0110] With respect to Permethrin, applicant's buffered amine oxide system after 72 hours showed damage in the range of 3.0 to 91.0 compared to damage figures of 89.0 to 100% for the test without amine and without buffer. Increasing the concentration to 15 ppm and 20 ppm resulted in damage of 0.5 and 4.5 percent, respectively.

[0111] With the Indoxacarb tests at 72 hours, the damage values of the applications when using the buffered amine oxide ranged from 34.5 to 57.5, and without amine oxide and without buffer the results were in the range of 32.5 to 88. Increasing insecticide concentrations to 75 ppm and 100 ppm produced 72.0 and 39.5 damage, respectively, which were generally similar to applicant's system, which employed substantially less insecticide.

[0112] As will be evident from the above, extensive testing with a large number of different fungicides and insecticides has shown by the comparative data that the buffered amine oxide system achieved a synergistic effect and better results in terms of plant damage resistance. cheers. The additives in the buffered amine oxide system of the present invention can be employed in many ways, such as by mixing, as tank blends with insecticide, or incorporation into insecticidal formulations.

[0113] It will be appreciated, therefore, that in connection with both the fungicide tests and the insecticide tests, neither the insecticide nor the fungicide employed alone achieved any significant reduction in gypsy moth coloring fungi or caterpillar at the lowest concentrations of the gypsy moth. material. Likewise, the buffered amine oxide system, when used alone, did not produce any significant reduction in staining fungus or gypsy moth caterpillar damage. When, however, the fungicide was used in lower parts per million in combination with the buffered amine oxide systems, there was, due to synergism, a substantial reduction or elimination of the coloring fungi. Similarly, when the insecticide was used at lower concentrations in combination with buffered amine oxide systems, there was substantial reduction or elimination of gypsy moth caterpillar damage.

[0114] It will be appreciated that the additional extensive testing related to a wide range of fungicides measured against coloring fungi covering a stem wound of red oak seedlings and the additional testing of a wide range of insecticides in tests against live romaine lettuce plants and romaine lettuce leaf discs challenged with lepidopteran larvae; caterpillars and sugar beet caterpillars provided clear evidence of the synergistic effect of the combination contained in Applicant's buffered amine oxide system buffers, in contrast to no fungicide or insecticide or omission of the amine oxide or omission of the buffer.

[0115] While particular embodiments of this invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous variations of the details of the present invention can be made without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (60)

1. Solution to resist the destruction of live plants characterized in that it comprises a buffered amine oxide mixed with at least one material selected from the group consisting of insecticides and fungicides, wherein said solution has the characteristic of having the property of synergistically effect greater resistance to plant destruction than said buffered amine oxide and said insecticides or said fungicides used alone. 2. Solution according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes said amine oxide buffered with a double buffer. 3. Solution according to claim 2, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide which is present in a concentration of about 200:1 to 400:1, based on the total volume of the solution. 4. Solution according to claim 3, characterized in that said solution includes having a fungicide present in an amount of at least about 50 ppm based on the total weight of the solution. 5. Solution according to claim 3, characterized in that it includes said solution having an insecticide present in an amount of at least about 10 ppm based on the total weight of the solution. 6. Solution, according to claim 5, characterized in that said solution includes said insecticide present in an amount of about 10 to 100 ppm. 7. Solution according to claim 4, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide with a carbon length selected from the group consisting of (a) amine oxide of 12 carbon length and (b) ) an amine oxide mixture of length 12 and 18 carbons. 8. Solution according to claim 7, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide with a carbon length of a mixture of amine oxides with a length of 12 and 18 carbons. A solution as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that it includes said 12-carbon-long weight-based amine oxide that is present in an amount of about 1.3 to 2.0 times the amount of amine oxide with a length of 18 carbons. 10. Solution according to claim 8, characterized in that it includes said 12-carbon-long weight-based amine oxide that is present in an amount of about 1.5 to 1.8 times the amount of amine oxide with a length of 18 carbons. 11. Solution according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes said amine oxide buffered with a pH of about 6.5 to 10.5. 12. Solution according to claim 11, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide with a pH of about 7 to 9. 13. Solution according to claim 2, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide which is amine oxide 12 carbons in length and said buffer system selected from the group consisting of (a) Phosphate of Monobasic Potassium/Potassium Phosphate Dibasic and (b) Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 14. Solution according to claim 2, characterized in that it includes said amine oxide buffered with a mixture of 12-carbon-long amine oxide and 18-carbon-long amine oxide, and said selected buffer from the group consisting of (a) Monobasic Potassium Phosphate/Dibasic Potassium Phosphate and (b) Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 15. Solution according to claim 2, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being Monobasic Potassium Phosphate/Dibasic Potassium Phosphate. 16. Solution, according to claim 2, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 17. Method for resisting the destruction of live plants characterized in that it comprises providing a solution with a buffered amine oxide mixed with at least one material selected from the group consisting of insecticides and fungicides and applying said solution to effect synergistic protection of said live plants against at least one pest selected from the group consisting of insects and fungi. 18. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that it includes, through said application of said solution, synergistically effecting greater resistance to said plant deterioration than said buffered amine oxide and both said insecticides and fungicides used alone would achieve. 19. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that it includes the use of a double buffer in said buffered amine oxide. A method as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that it includes said solution with said buffered amine oxide which is present in an amount of from about 400:1 to 200:1 on a volume-to-volume basis. based on the total solution. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that it includes said solution having a fungicide present in an amount of at least about 50 ppm based on the total weight of the solution. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that it includes said solution having an insecticide present in an amount of at least about 10 ppm based on the total weight of the solution. 23. Method according to claim 22, characterized in that it includes said solution having insecticide in an amount of about 10 to 100 ppm based on the total weight of the solution. A method as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide having a carbon length selected from the group consisting of (a) 12 carbon long amine oxide and (b) ) a mixture of amine oxides of length 12 and 18 carbons. A method as claimed in claim 24, characterized in that it includes said 12-carbon-long weight-based amine oxide that is present in an amount of about 1.3 to 2.0 times the amount of amine oxide with a length of 18 carbons. A method as claimed in claim 24, characterized in that it includes said 12-carbon-long weight-based amine oxide that is present in an amount of about 1.5 to 1.8 times the amount of amine oxide with a length of 18 carbons. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that it includes said solution containing a buffered amine oxide having a pH of about 6.5 to 10.5. 28. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that it includes said solution containing a buffered amine oxide having a pH of about 7 to 9. A method as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being amine oxide of 12 carbon length and a buffering amine oxide selected from the group consisting of (a) Phosphate of Monobasic Potassium/Potassium Phosphate Dibasic and (b) Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 30. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being Monobasic Potassium Phosphate/Dibasic Potassium Phosphate. 31. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 32. Method according to claim 18, characterized in that it includes said amine oxide buffered with a mixture of amine oxide with a length of 12 carbons and amine oxide with a length of 18 carbons and said buffers selected at from the group consisting of (a) Potassium Phosphate Monobasic/Potassium Phosphate Dibasic and (b) Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate, and said buffered amine oxide having a concentration of about 200:1 to 400:1 on a volume-to-volume basis. 33. Solution to resist the destruction of live plants, characterized in that it comprises a double buffered amine oxide mixed with at least one insecticide, and in which said solution has the characteristic of synergistically effecting greater resistance to the destruction of plants than said buffered amine oxide and said insecticides used alone. 34. Solution according to claim 33, characterized in that it includes said insecticides, wherein at least one insecticide is selected from the group consisting of Chlorantranilopril, Acephate, Methoxyfenozide, Spinosad, Permethrin and Indoxacarb. 35. Solution according to claim 34, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide having a carbon length selected from the group consisting of (a) amine oxide of 12 carbon length and (b) ) an amine oxide mixture of length 12 and 18 carbons. 36. Solution according to claim 34, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide which is amine oxide 12 carbons in length and said buffer system selected from the group consisting of (a) Phosphate Monobasic Potassium/Potassium Phosphate Dibasic and (b) Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 37. Solution according to claim 34, characterized in that it includes said amine oxide buffered with a mixture of amine oxide with a length of 12 carbons and said buffered amine oxide with a length of 18 carbons and said buffer selected from the group consisting of (a) Potassium Phosphate Monobasic/Potassium Phosphate Dibasic and (b) Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 38. Solution according to claim 34, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being Monobasic Potassium Phosphate/Dibasic Potassium Phosphate. 39. Solution according to claim 34, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 40. Method for resisting the destruction of live plants, characterized in that it comprises providing a solution with a double buffered amine oxide mixed with at least one insecticide and applying said solution to said living plant to effect synergistic protection of said live plants against insects. 41. Method according to claim 40, characterized in that it includes said insecticides, at least one insecticide being selected from the group consisting of Chlorantranilopril, Acephate, Methoxyfenozide, Spinosad, Permethrin and Indoxacarb. A method as claimed in claim 41, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide having a carbon length selected from the group consisting of (a) amine oxide 12 carbons in length and (b) ) an amine oxide mixture of length 12 and 18 carbons. 43. The method of claim 41, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide which is amine oxide 12 carbons in length and said buffer system selected from the group consisting of (a) Phosphate Monobasic Potassium/Potassium Phosphate Dibasic and (b) Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 44. The method of claim 41, characterized in that it includes said amine oxide buffered with a mixture of amine oxide of 12 carbons in length, said buffered amine oxide of 18 carbons in length and said buffer selected from the group consisting of (a) Potassium Phosphate Monobasic-Potassium Phosphate Dibasic and (b) Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 45. Method according to claim 41, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being Monobasic Potassium Phosphate/Dibasic Potassium Phosphate. 46. Method according to claim 41, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 47. Solution to resist the destruction of live plants, characterized in that it comprises a double buffered amine oxide mixed with at least one fungicide, and in which said solution has the characteristic of synergistically effecting greater resistance to the destruction of plants than said buffered amine oxide and said insecticides used alone. 48. Solution according to claim 47, characterized in that it includes said fungicides, wherein at least one fungicide is selected from the group consisting of Thiabendazole, Fludioxonil, Azoxystrobin, Chlorothalonil, Propiconazole, Mancozeb, Vinclozolin and Mefenoxam. 49. Solution according to claim 48, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide having a carbon length selected from the group consisting of (a) amine oxide 12 carbons in length and (b) ) an amine oxide mixture of 12 and 18 carbons in length. 50. Solution according to claim 48, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide which is amine oxide 12 carbons in length and said buffer system selected from the group consisting of (a) Phosphate Monobasic Potassium/Potassium Phosphate Dibasic and (b) Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 51. Solution according to claim 48, characterized in that it includes said amine oxide buffered with a mixture of amine oxide with a length of 12 carbons and amine oxide with a length of 18 carbons and said buffer selected at from the group consisting of (a) Monobasic Potassium Phosphate/Dibasic Potassium Phosphate and (b) Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 52. Solution according to claim 48, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being Monobasic Potassium Phosphate/Dibasic Potassium Phosphate. 53. Solution according to claim 48, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 54. Method for resisting the destruction of live plants, characterized in that it comprises providing a solution with a double buffered amine oxide mixed with at least one fungicide and applying said solution to said living plant to effect synergistic protection of said live plants against insects. 55. Method according to claim 54, characterized in that it includes said fungicides, at least one fungicide being selected from the group consisting of Chlorantranilopril, Acephate, Methoxyfenozide, Spinosad, Permethrin and Indoxacarb. 56. The method of claim 55, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide having a carbon length selected from the group consisting of (a) amine oxide 12 carbons in length and (b) ) an amine oxide mixture of length 12 and 18 carbons. 57. The method of claim 55, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide which is amine oxide 12 carbons in length and said buffer system selected from the group consisting of (a) Phosphate Monobasic Potassium/Potassium Phosphate Dibasic and (b) Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 58. The method of claim 55, characterized in that it includes said amine oxide buffered with a mixture of 12-carbon-long amine oxide and 18-carbon-long amine oxide and said buffer selected at from the group consisting of (a) Monobasic Potassium Phosphate/Dibasic Potassium Phosphate and (b) Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate. 59. Method according to claim 55, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being Monobasic Potassium Phosphate/Dibasic Potassium Phosphate. 60. Method according to claim 55, characterized in that it includes said buffered amine oxide being Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium Carbonate.