BR112017007801B1 - METHODS AND DEVICES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION - Google Patents

Abstract

TECHNIQUES FOR SIGNALING BASED ON CELL SPECIFIC REFERENCE SIGNALS (CRS) IN A SHARED RADIO FREQUENCY SPECTRUM BAND. These are techniques for wireless communication. A first method includes identifying a configuration of a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band and generating, based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, a specific cell reference (CRS) signal. for the downlink subframe. A second method includes dynamically determining a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band and performing at least one operation during the downlink subframe in response to the dynamic determination.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE

[0001] The present Patent Application claims priority for the U.S. Patent Application 14/864,056 by Yerramalli et al., entitled “Techniques for Cell-Specific Reference Signal (CRS)-Based Signaling in a Shared Radio Frequency Spectrum Band” filed on September 24, 2015, and Provisional Patent Application No. 62/064,711 by Yerramalli et al., entitled “Techniques for Cell-Specific Reference Signal (CRS)-Based Signaling in a Shared Radio Frequency Spectrum Band” filed in October 16, 2014; each of which is assigned to the transferee thereof.

REVELATION BACKGROUND FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure, for example, relates to wireless communication systems and, more particularly, to techniques for signaling based on cell specific reference signal (CRS) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNIQUE

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, and so on. These systems may be multi-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (eg time, frequency and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division (SC-FDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems.

[0004] By way of example, a wireless multiple access communication system may include multiple base stations, each of which simultaneously supports communication to multiple communication devices, otherwise known as user equipment (UEs). A base station may communicate with UEs on downlink channels (e.g., for transmissions from a base station to a UE) and uplink channels (e.g., for transmissions from a UE to a base station). -base).

[0005] Some communication modes may enable communications between a base station and a UE in a shared RF spectrum band or in different RF spectrum bands (for example, a dedicated RF spectrum band or a dedicated RF spectrum band). shared radio frequency) of a cellular network. With increasing data traffic on cellular networks that use a dedicated (e.g. licensed) radio spectrum band, offloading at least some data traffic to a shared radio spectrum band can provide a cellular operator with opportunities to improved data transmission capability. A shared radio spectrum band can also provide service in areas where access to a dedicated radio spectrum band is unavailable.

[0006] Before gaining access to a shared radio frequency spectrum band, and communicating over it, a base station or UE may perform a Listen Before Talking (LBT) procedure to contend for access to the radio spectrum band. shared radio frequency. An LBT procedure may include performing a clear channel assessment (CCA) procedure to determine whether a channel in the shared RF spectrum band is available. When the shared RF spectrum band channel is determined to be unavailable, a channel usage beacon (CUBS) signal may be transmitted to reserve the channel.

[0007] When a base station communicates with numerous UEs in a dedicated radio frequency spectrum band using Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications or LTE Advanced (LTE-A) communications, the base station can transmit a CRS during any downlink subframe, and the number of UEs can receive a CRS during any downlink subframe. Each CRS can be used for various CRS-based operations in one or more of the UEs. When a base station communicates with numerous UEs in a shared radio spectrum band, the base station may not be able to transmit a CRS during any downlink subframe. Furthermore, one or more of the UEs may not be able to receive a CRS during any downlink subframe. This could be the result of the shared radio frequency spectrum being unavailable to the base station and each of the UEs during any given subframe.

SUMMARY

[0008] The present disclosure, for example, relates to one or more techniques for signaling based on CRS in a shared radio frequency spectrum band. Due to the fact that a shared radio frequency spectrum band may not be available to a base station and a UE for the purposes of transmitting and receiving a CRS during any downlink subframe, a technique for transmitting CRSs in a spectrum band shared RF spectrum is to limit such transmissions to relatively sparse downlink CCA-exempt subframes (i.e., subframes where a base station can transmit in the shared RF spectrum band without first performing a CCA and winning contention for access to the shared radio frequency spectrum). shared radio frequency spectrum band, which may occur, for example, once every 80 milliseconds). Another technique is to limit CRS transmissions to a relatively small number of CCA subframes that occur on a periodic basis (i.e., subframes that a base station can only transmit after winning contention for access to the radio spectrum band). shared radio frequency during the subframe, which might occur, for example, once every 20 milliseconds assuming the CCAs are successful). A UE can then be programmed to decode a CRS on each downlink CCA exemption subframe, and on each periodic number of CCA subframes for which the UE acquires contention for access to the shared radio spectrum band. In some examples, a base station may be programmed to transmit a CRS during each downlink subframe for which a base station acquires contention for accessing the shared radio frequency spectrum band. When a base station has the potential to transmit a CRS on any downlink subframe, the UEs it communicates with can be programmed to decode a CRS on any downlink subframe. However, scheduling a UE to decode a CRS in any downlink subframe may be an unsatisfactory use of UE resources and power, as a base station CCA success rate may be unsatisfactory under some situations, and as CCA success rates of UEs may vary from UE to UE.

[0009] When CRSs are transmitted less frequently, or at fixed periodic intervals, CRS-based signaling may be limited. For example, a base station may be usable for transmitting a CRS-based transmission, or a UE may be usable for performing a CRS-based operation. Other techniques for transmitting CRSs in a shared radio frequency spectrum band are therefore described in the present disclosure. From a base station perspective, techniques may include generating a CRS for a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, thereby enabling for example, transmitting a CRS-based transmission during any downlink subframe. From a UE perspective, techniques may include dynamically determining a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in a shared radio spectrum band, thereby enabling, for example, the performance of a CRS-based operation. when a CRS is present.

[0010] In an example, a method for wireless communication is described. In one configuration, the method may include identifying a configuration of a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, and generating, based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, a CRS for the downlink subframe downward.

[0011] In some examples, the method may include signaling a presence of the CRS in the downlink subframe. In some examples, signaling the presence of the CRS may include signaling the presence of the CRS in downlink control (DCI) information included in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or an enhanced PDCCH (ePDCCH) on a first carrier in the shared radio frequency spectrum, and transmitting the signaling on a licensed carrier in the shared radio frequency spectrum or an unlicensed carrier in the shared radio frequency spectrum band, wherein the licensed carrier and the unlicensed carrier are different from the first carrier.

[0012] In some examples, the method may include transmitting, and a first set of at least one symbol period that includes a first symbol period of the downlink subframe, wherein a control region includes a format indicator channel control channel (PCFICH), a physical frame format indicator channel (PFFICH), a PDCCH, or a physical hybrid autorepeat request indicator channel (PHICH), and transmit the CRS in the first symbol period of the subframe downlink. In some examples, the first set of at least one symbol period may include at least one second symbol period of the downlink subframe, and the control region may be further transmitted in at least the second symbol period of the downlink subframe. . In some examples, the method may include increasing an aggregation level by at least the second symbol period to satisfy a minimum bandwidth occupancy, or transmitting a payload symbol through at least one tone at least the second symbol period to satisfy a minimum bandwidth occupancy. In some examples, the payload symbol may include a symbol that is decodable or usable by a UE. In other examples, the payload symbol may include a garbage symbol that is not decodable or usable by a UE. In some examples, the method may include increasing a transmit power in the at least second symbol period to maintain a constant transmit power from the first symbol period to the at least second symbol period. In some examples, increasing the transmit power may include transmitting a payload symbol through at least one tone in at least the second symbol period. In some examples, the method may include transmitting, in a second set of at least one symbol period after the first set of at least one symbol period, a region of data, and increasing a transmit power by at least one symbol period. symbol in the first set to maintain a constant transmit power from the first set to the second set.

[0013] In some examples of the method, the downlink subframe may include a transmission of a PCFICH, and the method may further include transmitting in the PCFICH an indication of whether a base station will be active in a next downlink subframe subsequent to the downlink subframe. In some examples, the downlink subframe may include a transmission of a PFFICH, and the method may further include contention winning for access to the shared radio spectrum band, and transmitting the downlink subframe after contention winning for access to the shared radio frequency spectrum band.

[0014] In some examples of the method, the downlink subframe may include a transmission of one PHICH, and the method may further include transmitting in the PHICH a group acknowledgment for a group of uplink subframes received from a UE. In some examples, the method may include transmitting the group acknowledgment with a set of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits. In some examples of the method, the downlink subframe may include a transmission of a first PHICH, and the method may further include transmitting in the first PHICH a first group acknowledgment for a first group of uplink subframes received from a first UE, and transmitting in a second PHICH, in a second downlink subframe, a second group acknowledgment for a second group of uplink subframes received from a second UE. The first group of uplink subframes may be received for a different time domain duplexing (TDD) frame structure than the second group of uplink subframes. In some examples, the downlink subframe may include a transmission of a PHICH, and the method may further include allocating at least one resource to the PHICH as a function of a UE permission initialization resource block and an identifier of a uplink subframe.

[0015] In some examples of the method, the downlink subframe may include a CRS-based Enhanced System Information Block (eSIB). In some examples, the downlink subframe may include a downlink free channel evaluation (D-CET) exemption transmission subframe. In some examples, the CRS-based eSIB may include one of a plurality of eSIBs transmitted on a periodic basis. In some examples, the downlink subframe may include at least one of: a data transmission to a UE, where the data transmission is based at least in part on a space frequency block (SFBC) encoding; a CRS-based Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) measurement subframe; a transmission of a common search space grant in a self-scheduling mode; a transmission of a PCFICH; a transmission of a PFFICH; a transmission of a PDCCH; a transmission of a PHICH; or a transmission of a PBCH.

[0016] In an example, an apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one embodiment, the apparatus may include means for identifying a configuration of a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, and means for generating, based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, the downlink signal. specific cell reference (CRS) is the downlink subframe.

[0017] In an example, another device for wireless communication is described. In one configuration, the apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in memory. Instructions may be executable by the processor to identify a configuration of a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, and generate, based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, a CRS for the downlink subframe downward.

[0018] In one example, a non-transient computer-readable medium is described that stores computer-executable code for wireless communication. In one configuration, code may be executable by a processor to identify a configuration of a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, and generate, based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, a CRS for the downlink subframe.

[0019] In an example, another method for wireless communication is described. In one embodiment, the method may include dynamically determining a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, and performing at least one operation during the downlink subframe in response to the dynamic determination.

[0020] In some examples of the method, performing at least one operation during the downlink subframe may include performing a measurement on the CRS to obtain a channel estimate, and decoding, based at least in part on the channel estimate, at least one of: a PCFICH, a PFFICH, a PDCCH, a PHICH, or a PBCH. In some examples of the method, dynamically determining the presence of the CRS can include at least one of: inferring the presence of the CRS in a CQI measurement subframe or a subframe that includes an eSIB, or decoding received DCI in a PDCCH or an ePDCCH . In some examples of the method, performing at least one operation during the downlink subframe may include receiving a PCFICH, and receiving in the PCFICH an indication of whether a base station will be up in a next downlink subframe subsequent to the downlink subframe. downlink.

[0021] In some examples of the method, performing at least one operation during the downlink subframe may include receiving a PHICH, and receiving in the PHICH a group acknowledgment for a group of uplink subframes. In some examples, the method may include receiving group acknowledgment with a CRC bit set.

[0022] In some examples of the method, performing at least one operation during the downlink subframe may include performing a measurement on the CRS to obtain a channel estimate, and decoding, based at least in part on the channel estimate, an eSIB. In some examples, the downlink subframe may include a D-CET subframe. In some examples, the eSIB may include one of a plurality of eSIBs received on a periodic basis.

[0023] In some examples, the method may include inferring a presence of a PHICH in the downlink subframe based at least in part on a TDD frame structure of a frame in which the downlink subframe is included; and performing the at least one operation in the downlink subframe may include receiving a PHICH transmission during the downlink subframe.

[0024] In an example, another apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one embodiment, the apparatus may include means for dynamically determining a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, and means for performing at least one operation during the downlink subframe in response to the determination dynamics.

[0025] In an example, another device for wireless communication is described. In one configuration, the apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in memory. Instructions may be executable by the processor to dynamically determine a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, and to perform at least one operation during the downlink subframe in response to the dynamic determination.

[0026] In one example, another non-transient computer-readable medium that stores computer-executable code for wireless communication is described. In one embodiment, code may be executable by a processor to dynamically determine a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, and perform at least one operation during the downlink subframe in response to the dynamic determination.

[0027] The foregoing has largely highlighted the characteristics and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the following detailed description may be better understood. Additional features and benefits will be described later in this document. The design and specific examples disclosed can readily be used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures to accomplish the same purposes as the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed in the present document, both their organization and their method of operation, together with the associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the attached Figures. Each of the Figures is provided by way of illustration and description only and is not intended to limit the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention can be realized in relation to the following drawings. In the accompanying Figures, similar components or features may have the same reference identification. Additionally, several components of the same type can be distinguished by following the reference marking with a dash and a second marking distinguishing between similar components. If the first reference tag is used in the descriptive report, the description is applicable to any of the similar components that have the same first reference tag regardless of the second reference tag.

[0029] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 2 shows a wireless communication system in which LTE/LTE-A can be installed in different situations with the use of a shared radio frequency spectrum band in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 3 shows an example of wireless communication over a shared radio frequency spectrum band in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 4 shows a diagram of a resource block used for one or more wireless communications in a shared radio frequency spectrum band in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 5 shows an exemplary resource allocation for CCA Exemption Transmissions (CETs) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 6 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for use in wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 7 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for use in wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 8 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for use in wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 9 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for use in wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 10 shows a block diagram of a base station (e.g., a base station forming all or part of an eNB) for use in wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 11 shows a block diagram of a UE for use in wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 12 is a block diagram of a MIMO communication system including a base station and a UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 13 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure

[0042] Figure 14 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure

[0043] Figure 15 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure

[0044] Figure 16 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure

[0045] Figure 17 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure

[0046] Figure 18 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure

[0047] Figure 19 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure

[0048] Figure 20 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure; It is

[0049] Figure 21 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Techniques are described in which a shared radio frequency spectrum band is used for at least a portion of communications via a wireless communication system. In some instances, the shared RF spectrum band can be used for LTE/LTE-A communications. The shared RF spectrum band may be used in combination with, or independent of, a dedicated RF spectrum band. The dedicated RF spectrum band may be a RF spectrum band to which transmitting devices may not grant access due to the fact that the RF spectrum band is licensed to a subset of users, such as a dedicated RF spectrum band. of licensed radio frequency usable for LTE/LTE-A communications. The shared RF spectrum band can be a band of RF spectrum to which a device may need to grant access (for example, a band of RF spectrum that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner).

[0051] With increasing data traffic on cellular networks that use a dedicated RF spectrum band, offloading at least part of the data traffic to a shared RF spectrum band can provide a cellular operator (e.g. , a public land mobile network (PLMN) operator, and/or a coordinated set of base stations defining a cellular network, such as an LTE/LTE-A network) opportunities for enhanced transmission data capability. The use of a shared radio spectrum band can also provide service in areas where access to a dedicated radio spectrum band is unavailable. As noted above, before communicating over a shared radio frequency spectrum band, transmitting devices may perform an LBT procedure to gain access to the medium. Such an LBT procedure may include performing a CCA procedure (or extended CCA procedure) to determine whether a channel of the shared radio frequency spectrum band is available. When it is determined that the shared RF spectrum band channel is available, a CUBS can be transmitted to reserve the channel. When a channel is determined to be unavailable, a CCA procedure (or extended CCA procedure) can be performed for the channel again at a later date.

[0052] When CRS transmissions in a shared radio frequency spectrum band are limited to relatively sparse downlink CCA waiver subframes, or a relatively small number of CCA subframes that occur on a periodic basis, the relatively The low rate at which CRS transmissions are made can limit the use of CRS to measurements based on CRS or automatic gain control (AGC) and tracking cycles. Due to the fact that the scarcity of CRS transmissions, control signal and data signal demodulation can be based on, for example, a UE reference signal (UE-RS) or a demodulation reference signal (DM- LOL). However, UE-RSs and DM-RSs are precoded for a subset of UEs, and therefore, transmissions based on CRS, which are precoded for a cell and not a specific UE, may not be made during a subframe of downlink that contains only one UE-RS or one DM-RS.

[0053] When CRSs are generated and transmitted for downlink subframes in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, based at least in part on the configurations of the downlink subframes, CRSs can be used for a wider range of purposes, which include CRS-based transmissions and CRS-based operations. In some examples, a CRS may be generated for a downlink subframe when the downlink subframe configuration includes at least one of: a CRS; a transmission of data to a UE, wherein the transmission of data is based at least in part on a space frequency block (SFBC) encoding; a CRS-based Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) measurement subframe; an enhanced CRS-based system information block (eSIB); a transmission of a common seek space grant in a self-scheduling mode; a transmission of a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH); a transmission of a physical frame format indicator channel (PFFICH), a transmission of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); a transmission of a physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator (PHICH) channel; or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission. In downlink subframes that have other configurations, a CRS cannot be generated for the downlink subframe.

[0054] When a base station generates a CRS for a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, based at least in part on a downlink subframe configuration, a base station can signal a presence of the CRS for UEs that are in communication with a base station. The signaling may allow the UEs to perform physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) rate matching. In other or same examples, UEs can be programmed to infer the presence of a CRS in some types of downlink subframes (e.g., CQI measurement subframes or subframes that include an eSIB).

[0055] The following description provides examples and is limited to the scope, applicability or examples set forth in the claims. Changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Multiple examples can omit, replace, or add multiple procedures or components, as appropriate. For example, the methods described may be performed in a different order than described, and multiple steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described in relation to some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0056] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 100 in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. Wireless communications system 100 may include base stations 105, UEs 115, and a core network 130. Core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authentication, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The base stations 105 interface with the main network 130 via return traffic links 132 (e.g., SI, etc.) and may perform configuration and radio programming for communication with the mobile devices 115, or may operate under the control from a base station controller (not shown). In several examples, base stations 105 can communicate, directly or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130), with each other over return traffic links 134 (e.g., XI, etc.), which can be wired or wireless communication links.

[0057] The base stations 105 can wirelessly communicate with the UEs 115 via one or more base station antennas. Each of the base station locations 105 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. In some examples, the base stations 105 may be referred to as a transceiver base station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. The geographic coverage area 110 for a base station can be divided into sectors that form a portion of the coverage area (not shown). The wireless communication system 100 may include base stations 105 of different types (e.g., macrocell, microcell, and/or picocell base stations). There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 for different technologies.

[0058] In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include an LTE/LTE-A network. In LTE/LTE-A networks, the term Evolved Node B (eNB) can be used to describe the base stations 105, whereas the term UE can be used to describe the UEs 115. The wireless communication system 100 it could be a Heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A network in which different types of eNBs provide coverage for different geographic regions. For example, each eNB or base station 105 can provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, or other cell types. The term "cell" is a 3GPP term that can be used to describe a base station, a carrier, or a component carrier associated with a base station, or a coverage area (e.g., sector, etc.) of a carrier or base station, depending on the context.

[0059] A macrocell can cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius), and can allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell can be a base station of lower power compared to a macro cell, which can operate in the same or different radio frequency spectrum bands (eg dedicated, shared, etc.) as macro cells. Small cells can include picocells, femtocells and microcells according to several examples. A picocell can cover a relatively smaller geographic area and can allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A femtocell may also cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a household) and may provide restricted access by UEs that have a femtocell membership (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs for users in the household). and the like). An eNB for a macrocell can be called a macro-eNB. An eNB for a small cell may be called a small cell eNB, a pico-eNB, a femtoeNB, or a Residential eNB. An eNB can support one or multiple (eg two, three, four and the like) cells (eg component carriers).

[0060] The wireless communication system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, base stations can have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations can be approximately time-aligned. For asynchronous operation, base stations may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be time-aligned. The techniques described in this document can be used for both synchronous and asynchronous operations.

[0061] The communication networks that can accommodate some of the various examples disclosed may be packet-based networks that operate according to a layered protocol stack. At the user plane, communications at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer or at the bearer layer can be IP-based. A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer can perform packet reassembly and segmentation to communicate over logical channels. A Media Access Control (MAC) layer can perform multiplexing and priority handling of logical channels on transport channels. The MAC layer can also use Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. At the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide for establishing, configuring, and maintaining an RRC connection between a UE 115 and base stations 105 or the core network 130 supporting bearers. radio to user data plan. At the physical (PHY) layer, transport channels can be mapped to physical channels.

[0062] The UEs 115 can be dispersed throughout the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 may also include or be called, by those skilled in the art, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device wire, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a customer or some other suitable terminology. A UE 115 can be a cell phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local circuit station (WLL) or the like. A UE can communicate with various types of base stations and network equipment including macroeNBs, small cell eNBs, relay base stations, and the like.

[0063] The communication links 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink (DL) transmissions from a base station 105 to a UE 115 or uplink (UL) transmissions from a UE 115 to a base station 105. Downlink transmissions may also be called forward link transmissions whereas uplink transmissions may also be called reverse link transmissions. In some examples, DL transmissions may include Downlink Control Information (DCI) transmissions, and UL transmissions may include Uplink Control Information (UCI) transmissions. DCI may be transmitted over a downlink control channel (eg, a PDCCH or enhanced PDCCH (ePDCCH)). DCIs can include, for example, acknowledgments (ACKs) or unacknowledgements (NAKs) of UL transmissions, or a SIB or eSIB. DL transmissions can also include the transmission of a PCFICH, a PFFICH, a PHICH, a PBCH, or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). DL transmissions can also include reference signal transmissions, such as a CRS, UE-RS or DM-RS. Some types of DL transmissions may depend on the transmission of one or more reference signals, including the transmission of one or more reference signals. The UCIs may be transmitted over an uplink control channel (for example, a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or enhanced PUCCH (ePUCCH)). UCIs can include, for example, ACKs/NAKs from downlink transmissions, or channel state information (CSI). UL transmissions may include transmissions, where such data may be transmitted over a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or enhanced PUSCH (ePUSCH).

[0064] In some examples, each communication link 125 may include one or more carriers, when each carrier may be a signal made up of multiple subcarriers (for example, waveform signals of different frequencies) modulated according to different technologies radio described above. Each modulated signal can be sent on a different subcarrier and can carry control information (e.g., reference signals, control channels, etc.), dropdown information, user data, etc. The communication links 125 can transmit bidirectional communications using either a frequency domain duplexing (FDD) operation (e.g. using paired spectrum resources) or a time domain duplexing (TDD) operation ( for example, using unpaired spectrum resources). Frame structures for the FDD operation (eg frame structure type 1) and for the TDD operation (eg frame structure type 2) can be defined.

[0065] In some examples of the wireless communication system 100, the base stations 105 or UEs 115 may include multiple antennas to employ antenna diversity schemes to improve the quality and reliability of communication between the base stations 105 and UEs 115 Additionally or alternatively, base stations 105 or UEs 115 can employ multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) techniques that can take advantage of multipath environments to transmit multiple spatial layers that carry the same or different encoded data.

[0066] The wireless communication system 100 may support operation on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to as carrier aggregation (CA) or dual connectivity operation. A carrier may also be called a component (CC) carrier, a layer, a channel, etc. The terms "carrier", "component carrier", "cell" and "channel" may be used interchangeably in this document. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink CCs and one or more uplink CCs for carrier aggregation. Carrier aggregation can be used with either FDD component carriers or TDD component carriers.

[0067] In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may sustain operation over a dedicated radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a radio frequency spectrum band to which transmission appliances may not grant access due to to the fact that the RF spectrum band is licensed to a subset of users for various uses, such as licensed RF spectrum band usable for LTE/LTE-A communications) or a shared RF spectrum band (e.g. , a band of radio frequency spectrum to which transmitting devices may need to grant access (for example, a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio spectrum radio frequency that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner)). Upon winning a contention for access to the shared RF spectrum band, a transmitting apparatus (e.g. a base station 105 or UE 115) may transmit one or more CUBS over the shared RF spectrum band. CUBS can reserve the shared radio frequency spectrum by providing a detectable energy in the shared radio frequency spectrum band. The CUBS can also serve to identify the transmitting apparatus or serve to synchronize the transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus.

[0068] Figure 2 shows a wireless communication system 200 in which LTE/LTE-A can be installed in different situations with the use of a shared radio frequency spectrum band, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure; More specifically, Figure 2 illustrates examples of a supplemental downlink mode (also referred to as a shared downlink mode), a carrier aggregation mode, and a standalone mode in which LTE/LTE-A is incorporated using of a shared radio frequency spectrum band. The wireless communication system 200 may be an example of portions of the wireless communication system 100 described with reference to Figure 1. Furthermore, a first base station 205 and a second base station 205-a may be examples of aspects of one or more of the base stations 105 described with reference to Figure 1, while a first UE 215, a second UE 215-a, a third UE 215-b and a fourth UE 215-c may be examples of aspects one or more more of the UEs 115 described with reference to Figure 1.

[0069] In the example of a complementary downlink mode in the wireless communication system 200, the first base station 205 can transmit OFDMA waveforms to the first UE 215 using a downlink channel 220. downlink 220 may be associated with an F1 frequency in a shared radio frequency spectrum band. The first base station 205 can transmit OFDMA waveforms to the first UE 215 using a first bidirectional link 225 and can receive SC-FDMA waveforms from the first UE 215 using the first bidirectional link 225 The first bidirectional link 225 may be associated with an F4 frequency in a dedicated radio frequency spectrum band. The downlink channel 220 in the shared radio spectrum band and the first bidirectional link 225 in the dedicated radio spectrum band can operate contemporaneously. Downlink channel 220 may provide a downlink capacity offload to first base station 205. In some examples, downlink channel 220 may be used for unicast (e.g., addressed to a UE) or for multicast services (eg addressed to multiple UEs). This situation can occur with any service provider (for example, UM Mobile Network Operator (MNO)) that uses a dedicated RF spectrum and needs to alleviate some traffic or signaling congestion.

[0070] In an example of a carrier aggregation mode in the wireless communication system 200, the first base station 205 may transmit OFDMA waveforms to the second UE 215-a using a second bidirectional link 230 and can receive OFDMA waveforms, SC-FDMA waveforms or interlaced FDMA waveforms from resource block from the second UE 215-a using the second bidirectional link 230. The second bidirectional link 230 can be associated with the frequency F1 in the shared radio frequency spectrum band. The first base station 205 can also transmit OFDMA waveforms to the second UE 215-a using a third bidirectional link 235 and can receive SC-FDMA waveforms from the second UE 215-a using of the third bidirectional link 235. The third bidirectional link 235 may be associated with an F2 frequency in a dedicated radio frequency spectrum band. The bidirectional second link 230 can provide an offload of downlink and uplink capacity to the first base station 205. As per the complementary downlink described above, this situation can occur with any service provider (e.g., MNO) that uses a dedicated radio frequency spectrum that needs to alleviate some of the traffic or signaling congestion.

[0071] In another example of a carrier aggregation mode in the wireless communication system 200, the first base station 205 may transmit OFDMA waveforms to the third UE 215-b using a fourth bidirectional link 240 and may receive OFDMA waveforms, SC-FDMA waveforms or resource block interlaced waveforms from the third UE 215-b using the fourth bidirectional link 240. The fourth bidirectional link 240 may be associated with an F3 frequency in the shared radio frequency spectrum band. The first base station 205 can also transmit OFDMA waveforms to the third UE 215-b using a fifth bidirectional link 245 and can receive SC-FDMA waveforms from the third UE 215-b using of the fifth bidirectional link 245. The fifth bidirectional link 245 may be associated with the F2 frequency in the dedicated radio frequency spectrum band. The fourth bidirectional link 240 may provide an offload of downlink and uplink capacity to the first base station 205. This example and those provided above are presented for illustrative purposes and there may be other similar modes of operation or deployment scenarios that combine LTE/LTE-A into a dedicated RF spectrum band and use a shared RF spectrum band for capacity offloading.

[0072] As described above, one type of service provider that can benefit from the capacity offload offered with the use of LTE/LTE-A in a shared radio spectrum band is a traditional MNO that has access rights to a dedicated radio frequency spectrum band of LTE/LTE-A. For these service providers, an operational example might include an initiated mode (e.g. complementary downlink, carrier aggregation) that uses the LTE/LTE-A primary component (PCC) carrier in the dedicated radio frequency spectrum band and at least one secondary component carrier (SCC) in the shared radio frequency spectrum band.

[0073] In the carrier aggregation mode, data and control can, for example, be communicated in the dedicated radio frequency spectrum band (for example, through the first bidirectional link 225, the third bidirectional link 235 and the fifth bidirectional link 245) while data may be communicated, for example, in the shared radio frequency spectrum band (for example, via the second bidirectional link 230 and the fourth bidirectional link 240). The carrier aggregation mechanisms supported when using a shared radio frequency spectrum band can be included in a time division duplexing and hybrid frequency division duplexing (FDD-TDD) carrier aggregation or a FDD-TDD with different symmetry on component carriers.

[0074] In an example of an autonomous mode in the wireless communication system 200, the second base station 205-a can transmit OFDMA waveforms to the fourth UE 215-c using a bidirectional link 250 and can receive OFDMA waveforms, SC-FDMA waveforms or resource block interlaced FDMA waveforms from the fourth UE 215-c using the bidirectional link 250. The bidirectional link 250 may be associated with the frequency F3 in the shared radio frequency spectrum band. Standalone mode can be used in non-traditional wireless access situations, such as stadium access (eg, unicast, multicast). An example of a type of service provider for this mode of operation could be a stadium owner, cable company, event host, hotel, firm or large corporation that does not have access to a dedicated RF spectrum band. .

[0075] In some examples, a transmission apparatus, such as one of base stations 105, 205 or 205-a described with reference to Figures 1 or 2, or one of UEs 115, 215, 215-a, 215 -b or 215-c described with reference to Figures 1 or 2, may use a keyhole to gain access to a channel of a shared radio spectrum band (for example, to a physical channel of the shared radio spectrum band ). In some examples, the switching interval may be periodic. For example, a periodic switching interval can be synchronized with at least one boundary of an LTE/LTE-A radio interval. The switching range can define the application of a contention based protocol, such as an LBT protocol based on the LBT protocol specified in the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) (EN 301 893). By using a switching interval that defines the application of an LBT protocol, the switching interval can indicate when a transmitting apparatus needs to perform a conflict procedure (e.g. an LBT procedure), such as a free channel (CCA). The result of the CCA procedure may indicate to the transmitting apparatus the possibility that a channel of a shared radio spectrum band is available or in use for the keying interval (also called an LBT radio frame). When a CCA procedure indicates that the channel is available for a corresponding LBT radio frame (e.g. "free" for use), the transmitting apparatus may reserve or use the channel from the shared radio frequency spectrum band during part of the LBT radio frame or throughout the same. When the CCA procedure indicates that the channel is not available (for example, when it indicates that the channel is in use or reserved by another transmitting device), the transmitting device can be prevented from using the channel during the radio frame of LBT.

[0076] Figure 3 shows an example 300 of a wireless communication 310 over a shared radio frequency spectrum band, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communication 310 may include a transmission of one or more uplink component carriers, where the uplink component carriers may be transmitted, for example, as part of a transmission made in accordance with the supplemental downlink mode, the carrier aggregation mode, or the autonomous mode described with reference to Figure 2.

[0077] In some examples, an LBT radio frame 315 of the wireless communication 310 may be ten milliseconds in duration and include a number of downlink (D) subframes 320, a number of uplink (U) subframes 325, and two types of special subframes, a subframe S 330 and a subframe S' 335. Subframe S 330 can provide a transition between downlink subframes 320 and uplink subframes 325, whereas subframe S' 335 can provide a transition between uplink subframes 325 and downlink subframes 320 and, in some examples, a transition between LBT radio frames.

[0078] During subframe S' 335, a downlink free channel assessment (DCCA) procedure 345 may be performed by one or more base stations, such as one or more of base stations 105, 205 or 205 -a described with reference to Figure 1 or 2, to reverse, for a period of time, a channel of the shared radio frequency spectrum band over which wireless communication 310 takes place. Following a successful DCCA procedure 345 by a base station, the base station may transmit a channel usage beacon (CUBS) signal (e.g. a downlink CUBS (D-CUBS 350)) to provide an indication to other base stations or apparatus (eg UEs, Wi-Fi access points, etc.) that the base station has reserved the channel. In some examples, a CUBS-D 350 may be transmitted using a plurality of interleaved resource blocks. Transmitting a D-CUBS 350 in this manner enables the D-CUBS 350 to occupy at least a percentage of the available frequency bandwidth of the shared radio frequency spectrum band and satisfy one or more regulatory requirements (for example, a requirement for that transmissions over the shared radio frequency spectrum band occupy at least 80% of the available frequency bandwidth). The D-CUBS 350 may, in some examples, take on a form similar to that of an LTE/LTE-A CRS or a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS). When the DCCA 345 procedure fails, the D-CUBS 350 may not be transmitted.

[0079] Subframe S' 335 may include a plurality of OFDM symbol periods (e.g. 14 OFDM symbol periods). A first portion of subframe S' 335 may be used by a number of UEs as a shortened uplink period (U). A second portion of subframe S' 335 may be used for the DCCA procedure 345. A third portion of subframe S' 335 may be used by one or more base stations successfully contending for access to the bandwidth channel. shared radio frequency spectrum to transmit the D-CUBS 350.

[0080] During subframe S 330, an uplink CCA procedure (UCCA) 365 may be performed by one or more UEs, such as one or more of UEs 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b or 215 -c described above with reference to Figure 1 or 2 for reserving, for a period of time, the channel over which wireless communication 310 takes place. Following a successful UCCA procedure 365 by a UE, the UE may transmit an uplink CUBS (U-CUBS 370) to provide an indication to other UEs or apparatus (e.g. base stations, access points Wi-Fi etc.) that the UE has reserved the channel. In some examples, a CUBS-U 370 may be transmitted using a plurality of interleaved resource blocks. Transmitting a U-CUBS 370 in this manner enables the U-CUBS 370 to occupy at least a percentage of the available frequency bandwidth of the shared radio frequency spectrum band and satisfy one or more regulatory requirements (e.g., the requirement to that transmissions over the shared radio frequency spectrum band occupy at least 80% of the available frequency bandwidth). The U-CUBS 370 may, in some instances, take on a form similar to that of an LTE/LTE-A CRS or CSI-RS. When the UCCA 365 procedure fails, the U-CUBS 370 may not be transmitted.

[0081] Subframe S 330 may include a plurality of OFDM symbol periods (e.g., 14 OFDM symbol periods). A first portion of subframe S 330 may be used by multiple base stations as a shortened downlink period (D) 355. A second portion of subframe S 330 may be used as a guard period (GP) 360. of subframe S 330 may be used for the UCCA procedure 365. A fourth portion of subframe S 330 may be used by one or more UEs that successfully conflict for access to the channel of the shared RF spectrum band as a slot uplink pilot time (UpPTS) or to transmit the U-CUBS 370.

[0082] In some examples, the 345 DCCA procedure or the 365 UCCA procedure may include performing a single CCA procedure. In other examples, DCCA procedure 345 or UCCA procedure 365 may include performing an extended CCA procedure. The extended CCA procedure can include a random number of CCA procedures and, in some examples, can include a plurality of CCA procedures. The terms DCCA procedure and UCCA procedure are therefore intended to be broad enough to cover the performance of a single CCA procedure or an extended CCA procedure. The selection of a single CCA procedure or an extended CCA procedure for performance by a base station or a UE during an LBT radio frame can be based on the LBT rules. In some cases, the term CCA procedure may be used in this disclosure, in a general sense, to refer to either a single CCA procedure or an extended CCA procedure.

[0083] By way of example, the LBT radio frame 315 has a frame structure of TDD DDDDDDSUUS'. In other examples, an LBT radio frame may have a different TDD frame structure. For example, an LBT frame can have one of the TDD frame structures used in enhanced traffic adaptation and interference mitigation (elMTA).

[0084] Figure 4 shows a diagram 400 of a resource block 405 used for one or more wireless communications in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure; in some examples, resource block 405 may be an example of one or more resource blocks transmitted as part of a downlink subframe 320 described with reference to Figure 3.

[0085] By way of example, resource block 405 may include a plurality of resource elements (which include, for example, resource element 410 or 415) that span in frequency or time dimensions. In some examples, feature block 405 may include feature elements spanning fourteen OFDM symbol periods (numbered 0 through 13), two slots 420 and 425, or a subframe 430 in one time dimension, and twelve subcarriers of (subcarriers) that span a frequency bandwidth (BW). In some examples, the duration of subframe 430 may be one millisecond.

[0086] In some examples, resource block 405 may include a first set of at least one symbol period defining a control region 435, and a second set of at least one symbol period defining a data region 440 By way of example, control region 435 of resource block 405 is shown to include a first symbol period (0), a second symbol period (1), and a third symbol period (2) of the resource block. resource 405, and data region 440 is shown to include the fourth symbol period (3) to the fourteenth symbol period (13) of resource block 405.

[0087] In some examples, control region 435 may include a transmission of a CRS and a transmission of at least one PDCCH, a PCFICH, a PFFICH, a PHICH, a PBCH, or an eSIB. The PCFICH may include an indication of the number of OFDM symbol periods used for a control region transmitted in a downlink subframe. The PCFICH may also include an indication of whether a base station will be up in a next downlink subframe subsequent to the downlink subframe. In some examples, the indication may include an extra bit in the PCFICH. In the absence of a CRS, the PFFICH can be multiplexed with a DCUBS. However, where a CRS can be dynamically generated for a downlink subframe, the PFFICH can be transmitted in a downlink subframe (or resource block 405) after a base station has won contention for access to a spectrum band. shared radio frequency. The PFFICH can share the same Resource Element Groups (REGs) used by a PDCCH, a PCFICH, a PHICH, etc. The PHICH may include a group acknowledgment for a group of uplink subframes received from a UE (e.g., an acknowledgment having an acknowledgment bit for each of a plurality of contiguous uplink subframes received from a UE). In some examples, the group acknowledgment may be transmitted with a set of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits. The structure of a PHICH can be that of a transmitted PHICH for LTE/LTE-A communications in a dedicated radio frequency spectrum band, or a structure similar to a PDCCH for conducting a group acknowledgment with a set of CRC bits. A base station can ensure that PHICH resources for data transmitted over subframes do not collide (for example, a base station can allocate at least one resource to a PHICH as a function of a UE permission initialization resource block and an identifier of an uplink subframe). The eSIB may be a CRS-based eSIB regardless of whether a downlink subframe that includes resource block 405 is transmitted in a D-CET subframe or a CCA subframe. Potential advantages for transmitting a CRS-based eSIB include: no precoding allows uniform coverage of all UEs in a cell; wideband channel estimation can improve robustness to irregular interference; and an ability to use a PDCCH to allocate a lease instead of defining a common search space for an ePDCCH.

[0088] In some examples, a transmission of a downlink subframe (or resource block 405) in a shared radio spectrum band may have a requirement that the transmission span a majority of a BW resource block frequency (for example, a requirement that the transmission satisfy a minimum bandwidth occupancy of 80% of the BW resource block frequency). In some examples of a CRS-based transmission, a CRS may be transmitted in the first symbol (0) period of resource block 405 and, alone or in combination with the transmission of one or more control channels, may satisfy an occupancy of minimum bandwidth. However, in some examples, the CRS cannot be transmitted in the second symbol period (1) or in the third symbol period (2). As a result, the one or more control channels transmitted in the second symbol period (1) or the third symbol period (2) may not satisfy the minimum bandwidth occupancy. In these latter examples, an aggregation level in the second symbol period (1) or in the third symbol period (2) may be increased to satisfy the minimum bandwidth occupancy, or a payload symbol may be transmitted over at least a tone in the second symbol period (1) or in the third symbol period (2). The payload symbol may, in some examples, include a garbage symbol (for example, a symbol that is not decoded or discarded by a UE).

[0089] In examples where a CRS is transmitted in the first symbol period (0), a base station may boost a transmit power in the second symbol period (1) or in the third symbol period (2) to maintain a constant transmit power from the first symbol period (0) to the second symbol period (1) to the third symbol period (2). In some examples, a base station may also alternately boost a transmit power for at least one symbol period in control region 435 to maintain a constant transmit power from control region 435 to data region 440. In some examples , a base station can boost a transmit power by increasing the transmit power of the tones on which one or more channels are transmitted. In some examples, a base station can boost a transmit power by transmitting additional channels or garbage symbols in additional tones. Maintaining a constant transmit power can be useful in preventing another transmitting apparatus from acquiring a channel and initiating a transmission when a base station is transmitting at a lower transmit power, where the lower transmit power may be interpreted by the other transmitting apparatus as a channel release.

[0090] Figure 5 shows an exemplary resource allocation 500 for CCA Exemption Transmissions (CETs) in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure; A CET can be made without resolving a conflict over access to the unshared RF spectrum band and, in some instances, without performing a CCA (for example, a DCCA or UCCA). Instead, an operator may be exempt from performing a CCA for the purpose of transmitting a CET.

[0091] As shown, an allocation of resources 505 to the CETs can be made, for example, once every eight milliseconds (80ms) or once every CET period, where the CET period can have a Configurable periodicity. Each of the numerous operators (eg different PLMNs) in the shared radio spectrum band may be provided with a separate subframe (shown) or subframes (not shown) for transmitting the CETs. A subframe in which a CET can be transmitted can be called a preconfigured CET occasion. For exemplary purposes, Figure 5 shows adjacent CET subframes for seven different operators (eg, operators PLMN1, PLMN2,..., PLMN7). Such a CET transmission structure may be applicable (e.g. separately applicable) to downlink and/or uplink transmissions between a base station and a UE (e.g. in the form of uplink CET occasions (U-CET ) preconfigured or preconfigured CET downlink occasions (D-CET)). In some examples, a D-CET occasion may be used by a base station to transmit a CRS or eSIB.

[0092] Although Figure 5 illustrates an example resource allocation for synchronous operator CETs, resources can also be allocated for asynchronous operator CETs.

[0093] Figure 6 shows a block diagram 600 of an apparatus 605 for use in wireless communication, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Apparatus 605 may exemplify aspects of one or more of base stations 105, 205 or 205-a described with reference to Figure 1 or 2. Appliance 605 may be or include a processor. Apparatus 605 may include a UE wireless communication management component 610, a wireless communication management component 620, or a transmitter component 630. Each of these components may be in communication with each other.

[0094] The components of the apparatus 605 may, individually or collectively, be implanted using one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) adapted to perform all or part of the applicable functions in hardware. Alternatively, functions may be performed by one or more processing units (or cores) on one or more integrated circuits. In other examples, other types of integrated circuits may be used (eg, structured/platform ASICs, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and other semi-custom ICs), which may be programmed in any manner known in the art. The functions of each component may also be implemented, in whole or in part, with instructions embedded in memory, formatted to be executed by one or more general-purpose or application-specific processors.

[0095] In some examples, the receiving component 610 may include at least one radio frequency (RF) receiver, such as at least one RF receiver operable to receive transmissions over a dedicated radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a band of radio frequency spectrum to which transmitting devices may not grant access due to the fact that the radio frequency spectrum band is licensed to a subset of users for various uses, such as a licensed radio frequency spectrum band usable for LTE/LTE-A communications) or a shared RF spectrum band (for example, a band of RF spectrum to which transmitting devices may need to grant access (for example, a band of RF spectrum that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner)). In some examples, the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band may be used for LTE/LTE-A communications, as described, for example, with reference to Figure 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Receiver component 610 may be used to receive various types of data or control signals (i.e., transmissions) over one or more communication links of a wireless communications system, such as one or more system communication links. of wireless communication 100 or 300 or network architecture 200 described with reference to Figures 1 or 2. The communication links can be established through the first radio frequency spectrum band or the second radio frequency spectrum band.

[0096] In some examples, the transmitter component 630 may include at least one RF transmitter, such as at least one RF transmitter operable to transmit over the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band. Transmitter component 630 may be used to transmit various types of data or control signals (i.e., transmissions) over one or more communication links of a wireless communications system, such as one or more communication links of a wireless communications system. wireless communication 100 or 300 or network architecture 200 described with reference to Figures 1 or 2. The communication links can be established over the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band.

[0097] In some examples, the wireless communication management component 620 may be used to manage one or more aspects of wireless communication for the appliance 605. In some examples, the wireless communication management component 620 may include a subframe configuration identification component 635 or a CRS generation component 640.

[0098] In some examples, subframe configuration identification component 635 may be used to identify a configuration of a downlink subframe in the shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the downlink subframe may be configured to include at least one of: a data transmission to a UE, where the data transmission is based at least in part on an SFBC; a CRS-based CQI measurement subframe; a CRS-based eSIB; a transmission of a common seek space grant in a self-scheduling mode; a transmission of a PCFICH; one transmission of a PFFICH, one transmission of a PDCCH; a transmission of a PHICH; or a transmission of a PBCH. The downlink subframe can also be configured to include other transmissions or alternate transmissions. When the downlink subframe is configured to include a CRS-based eSIB, the downlink subframe may be a D-CET subframe or the CRS-based eSIB may be one of a plurality of eSIBs transmitted on a periodic basis.

[0099] In some examples, CRS generation component 640 may be used to generate, based at least in part on an identification made by subframe configuration identification component 635, a CRS for a downlink subframe. For example, the CRS generation component 640 may generate a CRS for a downlink subframe when the downlink subframe configuration includes at least one of: a data transmission to a UE, where the data transmission is intended to based at least in part on an SFBC; a CRS-based CQI measurement subframe; a CRS-based eSIB; a transmission of a common seek space grant in a self-scheduling mode; a transmission of a PCFICH; one transmission of a PFFICH, one transmission of a PDCCH; a transmission of a PHICH; or a transmission of a PBCH.

[00100] Figure 7 shows a block diagram 700 of an apparatus 705 for use in wireless communication, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Apparatus 705 can be an example of aspects of one or more of base stations 105, 205 or 205-a described with reference to Figure 1 or 2 or aspects of apparatus 605 described with reference to Figure 6. Apparatus 705 can be or include a processor. Apparatus 705 may include a UE wireless communication management component 710, a wireless communication management component 720, or a transmitter component 730. Each of these components may be in communication with each other.

[00101] The 705 apparatus components may, individually or collectively, be deployed using one or more ASICs adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware. Alternatively, functions may be performed by one or more processing units (or cores) on one or more integrated circuits. In other examples, other types of integrated circuits may be used (eg Structured/Platform ASICs, FPGAs and other semi-custom ICs), which may be programmed in any manner known in the art. The functions of each component may also be implemented, in whole or in part, with instructions embedded in memory, formatted to be executed by one or more general-purpose or application-specific processors.

[00102] In some examples, the receiving component 710 may include at least one RF receiver, such as at least one RF receiver operable to receive transmissions over a dedicated radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a radio frequency spectrum to which transmitting devices may not grant access due to the fact that the radio frequency spectrum band is licensed to a subset of users for various uses, such as a licensed radio frequency spectrum band usable for LTE communications /LTE-A) or a shared RF spectrum band (for example, a band of RF spectrum to which transmitting devices may need to grant access (for example, a band of RF spectrum that is available for non- licensed, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner)). In some examples, the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band may be used for LTE/LTE-A communications, as described, for example, with reference to Figure 1 or 2. Receiver component 710 may in some cases include separate receivers for the dedicated RF spectrum band and the shared RF spectrum band. The separate receivers may, in some examples, take the form of an LTE/LTE-A receiver component to communicate across the dedicated RF spectrum band (e.g. LTE/LTE-A receiver component for Dedicated RF 712) and an LTE/LTE-A receiver component to communicate over the shared RF spectrum band (e.g. LTE/LTE-A receiver component for the shared RF spectrum band 714). The receiver component 710, which includes the LTE/LTE-A receiver component for the dedicated RF spectrum band 712 or the LTE/LTE-A receiver component for the shared RF spectrum band 714, can be used to receive various types of data control signals (i.e., transmissions) over one or more communication links of a wireless communication system, such as one or more communication links of the wireless communication system 100 or 200 described with reference to Figures 1 or 2. The communication links can be established through the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band.

[00103] In some examples, the transmitter component 730 may include at least one RF transmitter, such as at least one RF transmitter operable to transmit over the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band. Transmitter component 730 may, in some cases, include separate transmitters for the dedicated RF spectrum band and the shared RF spectrum band. The separate transmitters may, in some instances, take the form of an LTE/LTE-A receiver component to communicate across the dedicated RF spectrum band (e.g. LTE/LTE-A receiver component for Dedicated RF 732) and an LTE/LTE-A receiver component to communicate over the shared RF spectrum band (e.g. LTE/LTE-A receiver component for the shared RF spectrum band 734). The transmitter component 730, which includes the LTE/LTE-A transmitter component for the dedicated RF spectrum band 732 or the LTE/LTE-A transmitter component for the shared RF spectrum band 734, can be used to receive various types of data control signals (i.e., transmissions) over one or more communication links of a wireless communication system, such as one or more communication links of the wireless communication system 100 or 200 described with reference to Figures 1 or 2. Communication links can be established over the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band.

[00104] In some examples, the wireless communication management component 720 can be used to manage one or more aspects of wireless communication for the appliance 705. In some examples, the wireless communication management component 720 can include a subframe configuration identification component 735, a CRS generation component 740, a CRS signaling component 745, a transmission management component 750, or a CCA component 780.

[00105] In some examples, the subframe configuration identification component 735 can be used to identify a configuration of a downlink subframe in the shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the downlink subframe may be configured to include at least one of: a data transmission to a UE, where the data transmission is based at least in part on an SFBC; a CRS-based CQI measurement subframe; a CRS-based eSIB; a transmission of a common seek space grant in a self-scheduling mode; a transmission of a PCFICH; one transmission of a PFFICH, one transmission of a PDCCH; a transmission of a PHICH; or a transmission of a PBCH. The downlink subframe can also be configured to include other transmissions or alternate transmissions. When the downlink subframe is configured to include a CRS-based eSIB, the downlink subframe may be a D-CET subframe or the CRS-based eSIB may be one of a plurality of eSIBs transmitted on a periodic basis.

[00106] In some examples, the CRS generation component 740 may be used to generate, based at least in part on an identification made by the subframe configuration identification component 735, a CRS for a downlink subframe. For example, the CRS generation component 740 can generate a CRS for a downlink subframe when the downlink subframe configuration includes at least one of: a data transmission to a UE, where the data transmission is intended to based at least in part on an SFBC; a CRS-based CQI measurement subframe; a CRS-based eSIB; a transmission of a common seek space grant in a self-scheduling mode; a transmission of a PCFICH; one transmission of a PFFICH, one transmission of a PDCCH; a transmission of a PHICH; or a transmission of a PBCH.

[00107] In some examples, the CRS signaling component 745 may be used to signal a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe. In some examples, signaling the presence of the CRS may include signaling the presence of the CRS on DCIs included in a PDCCH or an ePDCCH on a carrier, wherein the signaling may be transmitted on a different carrier than the PDCCH/ePDCCH carrier. In some cases, signaling the presence of the CRS may be transmitted on a licensed carrier or an unlicensed carrier. When cross-carrier scheduling is used, a DCI bit included in a PDCCH/ePDCCH can be used to signal the presence of the CRS. When autoprogramming is used, a DCI bit included in an ePDCCH can be used to signal the presence of the CRS. DCI can be decoded by a UE before decoding the CRS.

[00108] In some examples, the transmission management component 750 can be used to manage one or more transmission aspects of a downlink subframe. In some examples, the downlink subframe may be transmitted as a first downlink subframe after contention is won for access to the shared radio spectrum band. In some examples, the downlink subframe may be transmitted as a different downlink subframe from the first downlink subframe after contention winning for access to the shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the downlink subframe may be transmitted as a D-CET subframe.

[00109] In some examples, the transmission management component 750 may include a control transmission management component 755, a CRS transmission management component 760, a data transmission management component 765, a selection component of frequency and time resource 770, or a power adjustment component 775.

[00110] In some examples, the transmission control management component 755 can be used to transmit, in a first set of at least one symbol period that includes a first symbol period of the downlink subframe, a control region which includes a PCFICH, a PFFICH, a PDCCH, or a PHICH. In some examples, the first set of at least one symbol period may include at least one second symbol period of the downlink subframe, and the control region may be further transmitted in at least the second symbol period of the downlink subframe. . The at least second downlink subframe symbol period may follow the first downlink subframe symbol period. In some examples, the first symbol period of the downlink subframe may temporally be a first symbol period of the downlink subframe.

[00111] In some examples, the control transmission management component 755 may include in a PCFICH an indication of whether the apparatus 705 will be activated in a next downlink subframe subsequent to the downlink subframe. In some examples, the indication may include an extra bit in the PCFICH.

[00112] In some examples, the transmission control management component 755 may allocate at least one resource to the PHICH as a function of a UE permission initialization resource block and an identifier of an uplink subframe. In some examples, control transmission management component 755 may transmit in a PHICH a group acknowledgment for a group of uplink subframes received from a UE. In some examples, the group acknowledgment may be transmitted with a CRC bit set. In some examples, control transmission management component 755 may transmit in a first PHICH, in a first downlink subframe, a first group acknowledgment for a first group of uplink subframes received from a first UE, and transmitting in a second PHICH, in a second downlink subframe, a second group acknowledgment for a second group of uplink subframes received from a second UE. The first group acknowledgment and the second group acknowledgment may be transmitted in different downlink subframes (for example, the first downlink subframe or the second downlink subframe) due to the fact that the first group of downlink subframes uplink is received for a different TDD frame structure than the second group of uplink subframes. Stated differently, the downlink subframe in which a group acknowledgment is transmitted may be based at least in part on the TDD frame structure of the uplink group of subframes to which the group acknowledgment corresponds.

[00113] In some examples, the CRS transmission management component 760 can be used to transmit a CRS generated by the CRS generation component 740. When a downlink subframe is configured to include a PCFICH, a PFFICH, a PDCCH , or a PHICH, the CRS may be transmitted in a first symbol period of the downlink subframe. In alternative examples, the CRS may be transmitted in other symbol periods of the downlink subframe, in addition to or instead of the first symbol period of the downlink subframe.

[00114] In some examples, data transmission management component 765 may be used to transmit a region of data. The data region may be transmitted in a second set of at least one symbol period after a first set of at least one symbol period that includes a control region.

[00115] In some examples, the frequency and time resource selection component 770 can be used to select one or more frequency or time resources to satisfy a minimum bandwidth occupancy when transmitting the signals or symbols of a subframe of downlink. For example, when control transmission management component 755 transmits a control region in a first symbol period of a downlink subframe and at least a second symbol period of a downlink subframe, the feature selection component of frequency and time 770 can be used to increase an aggregation level at least in the second symbol period. Additionally or alternatively, frequency and time resource selection component 770 may be used to transmit a payload symbol via at least one tone in at least the second symbol period to satisfy a minimum bandwidth occupancy. In some examples, the payload symbol may include a symbol that is decodable or usable by a UE. In other examples, the payload symbol may include a garbage symbol that is not decodable or usable by a UE.

[00116] In some examples, power adjustment component 775 may be used to adjust the transmit power of a transmitted downlink subframe. For example, when control transmission management component 755 transmits a control region in a first symbol period of a downlink subframe and at least a second symbol period of a downlink subframe, the power adjustment component 775 can be used to boost a transmit power in the at least second symbol period to maintain a constant transmit power from the first symbol period to the at least second symbol period. In some examples, the transmit power at least in the second symbol period may be boosted due to the fact that a CRS is transmitted in the first symbol period of the downlink subframe, but not in the at least second symbol period of the downlink subframe. downlink. As another example, power adjustment component 775 can be used to boost a transmit power for at least one symbol period in a control region to maintain a constant transmit power from the control region to a data region.

[00117] In some examples, the CCA component 780 may be used to grant access to the shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the CCA component 780 may grant access to the shared radio frequency spectrum band by performing a DCCA, as described, for example, with reference to Figure 3. A DCCA may be performed for each of a number of component carriers. . Upon winning a contention for access to the shared RF spectrum band, for a component carrier in the shared RF spectrum band, the CCA component 780 may enable the wireless communication management component 720 to transmit a CUBS in the shared RF spectrum band. component carrier in the second RF spectrum band, and subsequently allowing the wireless communication management component 720 to transmit data or control signals on the component carrier in the shared RF spectrum band.

[00118] In some examples, aspects of apparatus 605 and 705 described with reference to Figures 6 and 7 can be combined.

[00119] Figure 8 shows a block diagram 800 of an apparatus 815 for use in wireless communication, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Apparatus 815 may exemplify aspects of one or more of UEs 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b or 215-c described with reference to Figures 1 or 2. Appliance 815 may be or include a processor. Apparatus 815 may include a UE wireless communication management component 810, a wireless communication management component 820, or a transmitter component 830. Each of these components may be in communication with each other.

[00120] The 815 apparatus components may, individually or collectively, be deployed using one or more ASICs adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware. Alternatively, functions may be performed by one or more processing units (or cores) on one or more integrated circuits. In other examples, other types of integrated circuits may be used (eg Structured/Platform ASICs, FPGAs and other semi-custom ICs), which may be programmed in any manner known in the art. The functions of each component may also be implemented, in whole or in part, with instructions embedded in memory, formatted to be executed by one or more general-purpose or application-specific processors.

[00121] In some examples, the receiving component 810 may include at least one RF receiver, such as at least one RF receiver operable to receive transmissions over a dedicated radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a radio frequency spectrum to which transmitting devices may not grant access due to the fact that the radio frequency spectrum band is licensed to a subset of users for various uses, such as a licensed radio frequency spectrum band usable for LTE communications /LTE-A) or a shared RF spectrum band (for example, a band of RF spectrum to which transmitting devices may need to grant access (for example, a band of RF spectrum that is available for non- licensed, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner)). In some examples, the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band may be used for LTE/LTE-A communications, as described, for example, with reference to Figure 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Receiver component 810 may be used to receive various types of data or control signals (i.e., transmissions) over one or more communication links of a wireless communications system, such as one or more system communication links. of wireless communication 100 or 300 or network architecture 200 described with reference to Figures 1 or 2. The communication links can be established through the first radio frequency spectrum band or the second radio frequency spectrum band.

[00122] In some examples, the transmitter component 830 may include at least one RF transmitter, such as at least one RF transmitter operable to transmit over the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band. Transmitter component 830 may be used to transmit various types of data or control signals (i.e., transmissions) over one or more communication links of a wireless communications system, such as one or more communication links of a wireless communications system. wireless communication 100 or 300 or network architecture 200 described with reference to Figures 1 or 2. The communication links can be established over the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band.

[00123] In some examples, the wireless communication management component 820 may be used to manage one or more aspects of wireless communication for the apparatus 815. In some examples, the wireless communication management component 820 may include a identification component of CRS 835 or an operation management component based on CRS 840.

[00124] In some examples, the CRS identification component 835 can be used to dynamically determine a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band.

[00125] In some examples, the CRS-based operation management component 840 may be used to perform at least one operation during a downlink subframe, in response to a dynamic determination made by the CRS identification component 835.

[00126] Figure 9 shows a block diagram 900 of an apparatus 915 for use in wireless communication, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Apparatus 915 may be exemplary of aspects of one or more of UEs 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b or 215-c described with reference to Figures 1 or 2 or aspects of apparatus 815 described with reference to Figure 8 Apparatus 915 may be or include a processor. Apparatus 915 may include a UE wireless communication management component 910, a wireless communication management component 920, or a transmitter component 930. Each of these components may be in communication with each other.

[00127] The components of the apparatus 915 may, individually or collectively, be deployed using one or more ASICs adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware. Alternatively, functions may be performed by one or more processing units (or cores) on one or more integrated circuits. In other examples, other types of integrated circuits may be used (eg Structured/Platform ASICs, FPGAs and other semi-custom ICs), which may be programmed in any manner known in the art. The functions of each component may also be implemented, in whole or in part, with instructions embedded in memory, formatted to be executed by one or more general-purpose or application-specific processors.

[00128] In some examples, the receiving component 910 may include at least one RF receiver, such as at least one RF receiver operable to receive transmissions over a dedicated radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a radio frequency spectrum to which transmitting devices may not grant access due to the fact that the radio frequency spectrum band is licensed to a subset of users for various uses, such as a licensed radio frequency spectrum band usable for LTE communications /LTE-A) or a shared RF spectrum band (for example, a band of RF spectrum to which transmitting devices may need to grant access (for example, a band of RF spectrum that is available for non- licensed, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner)). In some examples, the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band may be used for LTE/LTE-A communications, as described, for example, with reference to Figure 1 or 2. Receiver component 910 may in some cases include separate receivers for the dedicated RF spectrum band and the shared RF spectrum band. The separate receivers may, in some examples, take the form of an LTE/LTE-A receiver component to communicate across the dedicated RF spectrum band (e.g. LTE/LTE-A receiver component for Dedicated RF 912) and an LTE/LTE-A receiver component to communicate over the shared RF spectrum band (eg, LTE/LTE-A receiver component for the shared RF spectrum band 914). The receiver component 910, which includes the LTE/LTE-A receiver component for the dedicated RF spectrum band 912 or the LTE/LTE-A receiver component for the shared RF spectrum band 914, can be used to receive various types of data control signals (i.e., transmissions) over one or more communication links of a wireless communication system, such as one or more communication links of the wireless communication system 100 or 200 described with reference to Figures 1 or 2. The communication links can be established through the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band.

[00129] In some examples, the transmitter component 930 may include at least one RF transmitter, such as at least one RF transmitter operable to transmit over the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band. Transmitter component 930 may, in some cases, include separate transmitters for the dedicated RF spectrum band and the shared RF spectrum band. The separate transmitters may, in some instances, take the form of an LTE/LTE-A receiver component to communicate across the dedicated RF spectrum band (e.g. LTE/LTE-A receiver component for Dedicated RF 932) and an LTE/LTE-A receiver component to communicate over the shared RF spectrum band (eg, LTE/LTE-A receiver component for the shared RF spectrum band 934). The transmitter component 930, which includes the LTE/LTE-A transmitter component for the dedicated RF spectrum band 932 or the LTE/LTE-A transmitter component for the shared RF spectrum band 934, can be used to receive various types of data control signals (i.e., transmissions) over one or more communication links of a wireless communication system, such as one or more communication links of the wireless communication system 100 or 200 described with reference to Figures 1 or 2. The communication links can be established through the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band.

[00130] In some examples, the wireless communication management component 920 may be used to manage one or more aspects of wireless communication for the apparatus 915. In some examples, the wireless communication management component 920 may include a CRS 935 identification component, a CRS 940 based operation management component, or a CCA 965 component.

[00131] In some examples, the CRS identification component 935 can be used to dynamically determine a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the CRS identification component 935 may include an inference component 945 or a DCI decoding component 950.

[00132] In some examples, inference component 945 can be used to infer the presence of a CRS in at least one of: a CQI measurement subframe or a subframe that includes an eSIB. In some examples, the subframe that includes the eSIB may be a D-CET subframe, or the eSIB may be one of a plurality of eSIBs received on a periodic basis.

[00133] In some examples, DCI decoding component 950 may be used to decode DCI received on a PDCCH or an ePDCCH. When cross-carrier scheduling is used, decoding the DCI may include decoding a bit of DCI included in a PDCCH/ePDCCH. When autoprogramming is used, DCI decoding may include decoding a DCI bit included in an ePDCCH. DCI can be decoded by a UE before decoding the CRS.

[00134] In some examples, the operation management component based on CRS 940 may be used to perform at least one operation during a downlink subframe, in response to a dynamic determination made by the identification component of CRS 935. For example, the CRS-based operation management component 940 may include a channel estimation management component 955 or a CRS-based decoding component 960.

[00135] In some examples, channel estimate management component 955 can be used to perform a measurement on a CRS to obtain a channel estimate.

[00136] In some examples, the CRS-based decoding component 960 can be used to decode, based at least in part on the channel estimate, at least one of: a PCFICH, a PFFICH, a PDCCH, a PHICH, a PBCH, or an eSIB. In some examples, the eSIB may be included in a D-CET subframe, or the eSIB may be one of a plurality of eSIBs received on a periodic basis.

[00137] In some examples, the CRS 940 based operation management component or CRS 960 based decoding component can be used to receive, in a PCFICH, an indication of whether a base station will be activated in a next subframe of downlink subsequent to the downlink subframe. In some examples, the indication may include an extra bit in the PCFICH. In some examples, the CRS-based operation management component 940 or CRS-based decoding component 960 may be used to receive, in a PHICH, a group acknowledgment for a group of uplink subframes. In some examples, a group acknowledgment may be received with a CRC bit set.

[00138] In some examples, the CRS 940-based operation management component or CRS 960-based decoding component can be used to infer a presence of a PHICH in a downlink subframe based at least in part on a structure TDD frame of a frame in which the downlink subframe is included. The CRS-based operation management component 940 or CRS-based decoding component 960 can then be used to receive (e.g., decode) a PHICH transmission during the downlink subframe.

[00139] In some examples, the CCA component 965 can be used to grant access to the shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the CCA component 965 may grant access to the shared radio frequency spectrum band by performing a UCCA, as described, for example, with reference to Figure 3. A UCCA may be performed for each of a number of component carriers. . Upon winning a contention for access to the shared RF spectrum band, for a component carrier in the shared RF spectrum band, the CCA component 965 may enable the wireless communication management component 920 to transmit a CUBS in the shared RF spectrum band. component carrier in the second RF spectrum band, and subsequently allowing the wireless communication management component 920 to transmit data or control signals on the component carrier in the shared RF spectrum band.

[00140] In some examples, aspects of apparatus 815 and 915 described with reference to Figures 8 and 9 may be combined.

[00141] Figure 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a base station 1005 (e.g., a base station forming part or all of an eNB) for use in wireless communication, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, base station 1005 may be an example of one or more aspects of base station 105, 205 or 205-a described with reference to Figure 1 or 2 or aspects of apparatus 605 or 705 described with reference to Figures 6 or 7. Base station 1005 may be configured to implement or facilitate at least some of the base station features and functions described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.

[00142] The base station 1005 may include a base station processor component 1010, a base station memory component 1020, at least one base station transceiver component (represented by the base station transceiver component (or components) base station 1050), at least one base station antenna (represented by base station antenna (or antennas) 1055) and/or a base station wireless communication management indicator component 1060. Base station 1005 also may include one or more of a base station communications component 1030 or a network communications component 1040. Each of these components may be in communication with each other directly or indirectly via one or more buses 1035.

[00143] Base station memory component 1020 may include Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM). The base station memory component 1020 may store computer-executable, computer-readable code 1025 that contains instructions that are configured to, when executed, cause the base station processor component 1010 to perform various functions described herein. related to wireless communication, including, for example, identifying a configuration of a downlink subframe in a shared radio spectrum band, and generating, based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, a CRS for the downlink subframe. Alternatively, software code 1025 may not be directly executable by processor component 1010, but is configured to cause base station 1005 (eg, when compiled and executed) to perform various of the functions described herein.

[00144] The base station processor component 1010 may include an intelligent hardware device, for example, a central processing unit CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, etc. The base station processor component 1010 may process information received via the base station transceiver component (or components) 1050, the base station communications component 1030, or the network communications component 1040. base station 1010 may also process information to be sent to transceiver component (or components) 1050 for transmission through antenna (or antennas) 1055, to base station communications component 1030 for transmission to one or more other stations. base or eNBs 1005-a and 1005-b and/or to the network communications component 1040 for transmission to a core network 1045, which may be an example of one or more aspects of core network 130 described with reference to Figure 1. base station processor component 1010 may handle, alone or in connection with base station wireless communication management component 1060, various aspects of communicating across (or managing communications across) a dedicated radio frequency spectrum band {for example, a band of RF spectrum to which devices do not grant access due to the fact that the RF spectrum band is licensed to a subset of users for various uses, such as a licensed wearable RF spectrum band for LTE/LTE-A communications) or a shared RF spectrum band (for example, a band of RF spectrum to which transmitting devices may need to grant access (for example, a band of RF spectrum that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner)).

[00145] The base station transceiver component (or components) 1050 may include a modem configured to modulate packets and deliver the modulated packets to the base station antenna (or antennas) 1055 for transmission and to demodulate packets received from the antenna Base station transceiver component (or antennas) 1055. Base station transceiver component (or components) 1050 may, in some examples, be deployed as one or more base station transmitter components and one or more base station receiver components. separate base station. The base station component (or components) 1050 may support communications in either the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band. The base station transceiver component (or components) 1050 may be configured to communicate bi-directionally, via the antenna (or antennas) 1055, with one or more UEs or devices, such as one or more of the UEs 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b or 215-c described with reference to Figures 1 or 2, or one or more of the apparatus 615 or 715 described with reference to Figure 6 or 7. Base station 1005 can, for example, including multiple base station antennas 1055 (e.g., an antenna array). Base station 1005 can communicate with main network 1045 through network communications component 1040. Base station 1005 can also communicate with other base stations, such as base stations 1005-a and 1005b, using of the base station communications component 1030.

[00146] The base station wireless communication management component 1060 can be configured to perform or control some or all of the features or functions described with reference to related Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 wireless communication via the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band. For example, the base station wireless communication management component 1060 may be configured to support a complementary downlink mode, a carrier aggregation mode, or a standalone mode that uses the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared radio frequency spectrum. The base station wireless communication management component 1060 may include a base station LTE/LTE-A component for the dedicated RF spectrum band 1065 configured to handle LTE/LTE-A communications in the dedicated RF spectrum, and a base station LTE/LTE-A component for the shared RF spectrum band 1070 configured to handle LTE/LTE-A communications in the shared RF spectrum band. The base station wireless communication management component 1060, or portions thereof, may include a processor and/or some or all of the functions of the base station wireless communication management component 1060 may be performed by the base station wireless communication management component 1060. base station processor 1010 and/or in connection with the base station processor component 1010. In some examples, the base station wireless communication management component 1060 may be an example of the wireless communication management component 620 or 720 described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00147] Figure 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a UE 1115 for use in wireless communication, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 1115 can be configured in a variety of configurations and can be included in or part of a personal computer (e.g., a laptop-type computer, a netbook-type computer, a tablet-type computer, etc.), a cell phone, a PDA , a digital video recorder (DVR), an internet appliance, a game console, a digital book reader, etc. The UE 1115 may, in some instances, have an internal power supply (not shown), such as a small battery, to facilitate mobile operation. In some examples, the UE 1115 may be an example of aspects of one or more of the UEs 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b or 215-c described with reference to Figures 1 or 2, or aspects of one or more from among apparatus 815 or 915 described with reference to Figures 8 or 9. UE 1115 may be configured to implement at least some of the UE or apparatus features and functions described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 or 9.

[00148] The UE 1115 may include a UE processor component 1110, a UE memory component 1120, at least one transceiver component UE (represented by the UE transceiver component (or components) 1130), at least one UE antenna ( represented by UE antenna (or antennas) 1140) or a UE wireless communication management component 1160. Each of these components may be in communication with each other directly or indirectly via one or more buses 1135.

[00149] The memory component of UE 1120 may include RAM or ROM. UE memory component 1120 may store computer-executable, computer-readable code 1125 that contains instructions that are configured to, when executed, cause UE processor component 1110 to perform various functions described herein relating to wireless communication. wire, including, for example, dynamically determining a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band, and performing at least one operation during the downlink subframe in response to the dynamic determination. Alternatively, code 1125 may not be directly executable by UE processor component 1110, but be configured to cause UE 1115 (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform various of the functions described herein.

[00150] The processor component of UE 1110 may include an intelligent hardware device, for example, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, etc. The UE processor component 1110 may process information received via the UE transceiver component (or components) 1130 and/or information to be sent to the UE transceiver component (or components) 1130 for transmission via the UE antenna (or antennas) 1140. UE processor component 1110 can handle, alone or in connection with UE wireless communication management component 1160, various aspects of communication across (or manage communications across) a dedicated radio frequency spectrum band { for example, a band of RF spectrum to which devices do not grant access due to the fact that the RF spectrum band is licensed to a subset of users for various uses, such as a licensed RF spectrum band usable for LTE/LTE-A communications) or a shared RF spectrum band (for example, a band of RF spectrum to which transmitting devices may need to grant access (for example, a band of RF spectrum that is available for use unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi usage, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner)).

[00151] The transceiver component (or components) of UE 1130 may include a modem configured to modulate packets and deliver the modulated packets to the antenna (or antennas) of UE 1140 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antenna (or antennas) of UE 1140. Transceiver UE component (or components) 1130 may, in some examples, be deployed as one or more transmitter UE components and one or more separate UE receiver components. UE transceiver component (or components) 1130 may support communications in the licensed RF spectrum band or in the unlicensed RF spectrum band. The UE transceiver component (or components) 1130 may be configured to communicate bi-directionally via the UE antenna (or antennas) 1140, with one or more of the base stations 105, 205, 205a or 1005 described with reference 1, 2 or 10, or apparatus 605 or 705 described with reference to Figures 6 or 7. Although UE 1115 may include a single UE antenna, there may be examples in which UE 1115 may include multiple UE antennas 1140 .

[00152] The UE state component 1150 can be used, for example, to manage transitions of the UE 1115 between an idle state of radio resource control (RRC) and a connected state of RRC, and can be in communication with other components of UE 1115, directly or indirectly, via one or more buses 1135. State component of UE 1150, or portions thereof, may include a processor, and/or a part or all of the functions of state component of UE 1150 may be performed by UE processor component 1110 or in conjunction with UE processor component 1110.

[00153] The UE wireless communication management component 1160 may be configured to perform or control some or all of the UE or apparatus features or functions described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, or 9 relating to wireless communication via the dedicated RF spectrum band or the shared RF spectrum band. For example, UE wireless management component 1160 may be configured to support a complementary downlink mode, a carrier aggregation mode, or a standalone mode that uses the dedicated radio frequency spectrum band or the dedicated radio frequency spectrum band. shared radio frequency. The UE wireless communication management component 1160 may include a UE LTE/LTE-A component for the dedicated RF spectrum band 1165 configured to handle LTE/LTE-A communications in the dedicated radio frequency spectrum band , and a UE LTE/LTE-A component for shared RF spectrum band 1170 configured to handle LTE/LTE-A communications in the shared radio frequency spectrum band. UE wireless management component 1160, or portions thereof, may include a processor or a part or all functionality of UE wireless management component 1160 may be performed by processor component 1110 or in conjunction with the processor component 1110. In some examples, the wireless communication management component 1160 may be an example of the UE wireless communication management component 820 or 920 described with reference to Figures 8 or 9.

[00154] Figure 12 is a block diagram of a MIMO communication system 1200 that includes a base station 1205 and a UE 1215, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. MIMO communication system 1200 may illustrate aspects of wireless communication system 100 or 200 described with reference to Figures 1 or 2. Base station 1205 may be exemplary aspects of base station 105, 205, 205-a or 1005 described with reference to Figure 1, 2 or 10 or aspects of apparatus 605 or 705 described with reference to Figures 6 or 7. Base station 1205 can be equipped with antennas 1234 to 1235, and UE 1215 can be equipped with antennas 1252 to 1253. In the MIMO communication system 1200, the base station 1205 may be capable of sending data over multiple communication links at the same time. Each communication link can be called a "layer" and the "classification" of the communication link can indicate the number of layers used for communication. For example, in a 2x2 MIMO communications system where base station 1205 transmits two "layers", the communication link rating between base station 1205 and UE 1215 is two.

[00155] At the base station 1205, a transmit (Tx) processor 1220 may receive data from a data source. Stream processor 1220 may process the data. Stream processor 1220 may also generate control symbols or reference symbols. A transmit MIMO processor 1230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on data symbols, control symbols, or reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to transmit modulators 1232 through 1233. Each modulator 1232 and 1233 can process a respective output symbol stream (eg, for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 1232 and 1233 can further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and amplify) the output sample stream to obtain a DL signal. In one example, DL signals from modulators 1232 to 1233 can be transmitted via antennas 1234 to 1235, respectively.

[00156] The UE 1215 may be an example of aspects of the UE 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b, 215-c or 1115 described with reference to Figure 1, 2 or 11 or aspects of the apparatus 815 or 915 described 8 or 9 . At UE 1215, UE antennas 1252 to 1253 can receive the DL signals from base station 1205 and can provide the received signals to modulators/demodulators 1254 to 1255, respectively. Each modulator/demodulator 1254 to 1255 can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, reduce, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each modulator/demodulator 1254 to 1255 can further process the input samples (eg, for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 1256 may obtain the received symbols from all modulators/demodulators 1254 to 1255, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide the detected symbols. A receive (Rx) processor 1258 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, providing the decoded data to the UE 1215 at a data output, and providing decoded control information to a 1280 processor or 1282 memory.

[00157] The processor 1280 may, in some cases, excite stored instructions to create an instance of a wireless communication management component of UE 1284. The wireless communication management component of UE 1284 may be an example of aspects of the 820, 920 or 1120 wireless communication management component described with reference to Figures 8, 9 or 11.

[00158] On the uplink (UL), at UE 1215, a transmission processor 1264 may receive and process data from a data source. Stream processor 1264 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal. Symbols from transmission processor 1264 may be pre-encoded by transmission MIMO processor 1266 if applicable, further processed by modulators/demodulators 1254 to 1255 (e.g., for SC-FDMA etc.) and may be transmitted to the station base station 1205 in accordance with transmission parameters received from base station 2105. At base station 1205, UL signals from UE 1215 may be received by antennas 1234 to 1235, processed by demodulators 1232 to 1233, detected by a MIMO detector 1236, if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 1238. The receive processor 1238 may provide decoded data to an output and to processor 1240 or memory 1242.

[00159] The processor 1240 may, in some cases, excite stored instructions to create the instance of a base station wireless communication management component 1286. The base station wireless communication management component 1286 may be a example aspects of the wireless communication management component 620, 720 or 1060 described with reference to Figures 6, 7 or 10.

[00160] The UE 1215 components may, individually or collectively, be deployed with one or more ASICs adapted to perform all or part of the applicable functions in hardware. Each of the noted components may be a means for performing one or more functions related to the operation of the MIMO communication system 1200. Similarly, the base station components 1205 may, individually or collectively, be deployed using a or more ASICs adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware. Each of the observed components can be a means to perform one or more functions related to the operation of the 1200 MIMO communication system.

[00161] Figure 13 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 1300 for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For the sake of objectivity, the method 1300 is described below with reference to aspects of one or more of the base stations 105, 205, 205-a, 1005 or 1205 described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 10 or 12, or aspects of one or more of the handsets 605 or 705 described with reference to Figures 6 or 7. In some examples, a base station and/or handset can execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the base station or the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station or handset may perform one or more of the functions described below using special purpose hardware.

[00162] In block 1305, method 1300 may include identifying a configuration of a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the downlink subframe may be configured to include at least one of: a data transmission to a UE, where the data transmission is based at least in part on an SFBC; a CRS-based CQI measurement subframe; a CRS-based eSIB; a transmission of a common seek space grant in a self-scheduling mode; a transmission of a PCFICH; one transmission of a PFFICH, one transmission of a PDCCH; a transmission of a PHICH; or a transmission of a PBCH. The downlink subframe can also be configured to include other transmissions or alternate transmissions. When the downlink subframe is configured to include a CRS-based eSIB, the downlink subframe may be a D-CET subframe or the CRS-based eSIB may be one of a plurality of eSIBs transmitted on a periodic basis. The shared RF spectrum band may include a band of RF spectrum to which a transmitting device may need to grant access (e.g., a band of RF spectrum that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner). The operation (or operations) in block 1305 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060 or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the identification component of 635 or 735 subframe configuration described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00163] In block 1310, method 1300 may include generating, based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, a CRS for the downlink subframe. For example, method 1300 may include generating the CRS for the downlink subframe when the downlink subframe configuration includes at least one of: transmitting data to the UE, where the transmitting data is based on at least least in part, in the SFBC; the CRS-based CQI measurement subframe; the CRS-based eSIB; transmitting the common search space grant in the self-scheduling mode; the transmission of the PCFICH; the transmission of the PFFICH, the transmission of the PDCCH; the transmission of the PHICH; or the transmission of the PBCH. The operation (or operations) at block 1310 may be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060, or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the generation component. CRS 640 or 740 described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00164] In this way, method 1300 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1300 is only an implementation and that the operations of method 1300 can be rearranged or otherwise modified so that other implementations are possible.

[00165] Figure 14 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 1400 for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For the sake of objectivity, the method 1400 is described below with reference to aspects of one or more of the base stations 105, 205, 205-a, 1005 or 1205 described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 10 or 12, or aspects of one or more of the handsets 605 or 705 described with reference to Figure 6 or 7. In some examples, a base station and/or handset can execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the base station or the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station or handset may perform one or more of the functions described below using special purpose hardware.

[00166] In block 1405, method 1400 may include identifying a configuration of a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the downlink subframe may be configured to include at least one of: a data transmission to a UE, where the data transmission is based at least in part on an SFBC; a CRS-based CQI measurement subframe; a CRS-based eSIB; a transmission of a common seek space grant in a self-scheduling mode; a transmission of a PCFICH; one transmission of a PFFICH, one transmission of a PDCCH; a transmission of a PHICH; or a transmission of a PBCH. When the downlink subframe is configured to include a CRS-based eSIB, the downlink subframe may be a D-CET subframe or the CRS-based eSIB may be one of a plurality of eSIBs transmitted on a periodic basis. The downlink subframe can also be configured to include other transmissions or alternate transmissions. The shared RF spectrum band may include a band of RF spectrum to which a transmitting device may need to grant access (e.g., a band of RF spectrum that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner). The operation (or operations) in block 1405 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060 or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the identification component of 635 or 735 subframe configuration described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00167] In block 1410, method 1400 may include generating, based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, a CRS for the downlink subframe. For example, method 1400 may include generating the CRS for the downlink subframe when the downlink subframe configuration includes at least one of: transmitting data to the UE, where the transmitting data is based on at least least in part, in the SFBC; the CRS-based CQI measurement subframe; the CRS-based eSIB; transmitting the common search space grant in the self-scheduling mode; the transmission of the PCFICH; the transmission of the PFFICH, the transmission of the PDCCH; the transmission of the PHICH; or the transmission of the PBCH. The operation (or operations) at block 1310 may be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060, or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the generation component. CRS 640 or 740 described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00168] In block 1415, method 1400 may include signaling a presence of the CRS in the downlink subframe. In some examples, signaling the presence of the CRS may include signaling the presence of the CRS on DCIs included in a PDCCH or an ePDCCH on a carrier, wherein the signaling may be transmitted on a different carrier than the PDCCH/ePDCCH carrier. In some cases, signaling the presence of the CRS may be transmitted on a licensed carrier or an unlicensed carrier. When cross-carrier scheduling is used, a DCI bit included in a PDCCH/ePDCCH can be used to signal the presence of the CRS. When autoprogramming is used, a DCI bit included in an ePDCCH can be used to signal the presence of the CRS. DCI can be decoded by a UE before decoding the CRS. The operation (or operations) at block 1415 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060 or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the signaling component of CR 745 described with reference to Figure 7.

[00169] In this way, method 1400 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1400 is only one implementation and that the operations of method 1400 can be rearranged or otherwise modified so that other implementations are possible.

[00170] Figure 15 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 1500 for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For the sake of objectivity, the method 1500 is described below with reference to aspects of one or more of the base stations 105, 205, 205-a, 1005 or 1205 described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 10 or 12, or aspects of one or more of the handsets 605 or 705 described with reference to Figure 6 or 7. In some examples, a base station and/or handset can execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the base station or the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station or handset may perform one or more of the functions described below using special purpose hardware.

[00171] In block 1505, method 1500 may include identifying a configuration of a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the downlink subframe may be configured to include at least one of: a transmission of a common search space grant in a self-scheduling mode; a transmission of a PCFICH; one transmission of a PFFICH, one transmission of a PDCCH; or a transmission of a PHICH. The downlink subframe can also be configured to include other transmissions or alternate transmissions. The shared RF spectrum band may include a band of RF spectrum to which a transmitting device may need to grant access (e.g., a band of RF spectrum that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner). The operation (or operations) in block 1505 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060 or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the identification component of 635 or 735 subframe configuration described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00172] In block 1510, method 1500 may include generating, based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, a CRS for the downlink subframe. For example, method 1500 can include generating the CRS for the downlink subframe when the downlink subframe configuration includes at least one of: transmitting the PCFICH; the transmission of the PFFICH, the transmission of the PDCCH; or the transmission of the PHICH. The operation (or operations) at block 1510 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060, or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the data generation component. CRS 640 or 740 described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00173] In block 1515, method 1500 may include transmitting, in a first set of at least one symbol period that includes a first symbol period of the downlink subframe, a control region that includes a PCFICH, a PFFICH, a PDCCH or a PHICH. In some examples, the first set of at least one symbol period may include at least one second symbol period of the downlink subframe, and the control region may be further transmitted in at least the second symbol period of the downlink subframe. . The at least second downlink subframe symbol period may follow the first downlink subframe symbol period. In some examples, the first symbol period of the downlink subframe may temporally be a first symbol period of the downlink subframe. The operation (or operations) at block 1515 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060, or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the wireless communication management component. transmission 750 or control transmission management component 755 described with reference to Figure 7.

[00174] In block 1520, method 1500 may include transmitting the CRS in the first symbol period of the downlink subframe. In alternative examples, the CRS may be transmitted in other symbol periods of the downlink subframe, in addition to or instead of the first symbol period of the downlink subframe. The operation (or operations) at block 1520 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060, or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the wireless communication management component. transmission 750 or CRS transmission management component 760 described with reference to Figures 7.

[00175] In examples of the method 1500 in which the control region is transmitted in the first symbol period of the downlink subframe and at least the second symbol period, and in the block 1525, the method 1500 may include increasing an aggregation level at least the second symbol period, or transmit a payload symbol via at least one tone at least the second symbol period, to satisfy a minimum bandwidth occupancy. In some examples, the payload symbol may include a symbol that is decodable or usable by a UE. In other examples, the payload symbol may include a garbage symbol that is not decodable or usable by a UE. The operation (or operations) at block 1525 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060 or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the communication management component transmission 750 or time and frequency resource selection component 770 described with reference to Figures 7.

[00176] In examples of the method 1500 in which the control region is transmitted in the first symbol period of the downlink subframe and at least the second symbol period, and in the block 1530, the method 1500 may include increasing a transmit power at least the second symbol period to maintain a constant transmit power from the first symbol period to the at least second symbol period. In some examples, increasing the transmit power may include transmitting a payload symbol through at least one tone in at least the second symbol period. In some examples, the transmit power at least in the second symbol period may be boosted due to the fact that the CRS is transmitted in the first symbol period of the downlink subframe, but not in the at least second symbol period of the downlink subframe. downlink. The operation (or operations) at block 1530 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060, or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the power 775 described with reference to Figures 7.

[00177] In block 1535, method 1500 may include transmitting, in a second set of at least one symbol period after the first set of at least one symbol period, a region of data. The operation (or operations) at block 1535 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060, or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the wireless communication management component. transmission 750 or data transmission management component 765 described with reference to Figure 7.

[00178] At block 1540, method 1500 may include increasing a transmit power by at least one symbol period in the first set to maintain a constant transmit power from the first set to the second set. In some examples, increasing transmit power may include transmitting a payload symbol through at least one tone in the at least one symbol period in the first. The operation (or operations) at block 1540 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060, or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the power 775 described with reference to Figures 7.

[00179] In this way, method 1500 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1500 is only an implementation and that the operations of method 1500 can be rearranged or otherwise modified so that other implementations are possible.

[00180] Figure 16 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 1600 for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For the sake of objectivity, the method 1600 is described below with reference to aspects of one or more of the base stations 105, 205, 205-a, 1005 or 1205 described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 10 or 12, or aspects of one or more of the handsets 605 or 705 described with reference to Figure 6 or 7. In some examples, a base station and/or handset can execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the base station or the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station or handset may perform one or more of the functions described below using special purpose hardware.

[00181] In block 1605, method 1600 may include identifying a configuration of a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the downlink subframe may be configured to include a transmission of a PCFICH. The downlink subframe can also be configured to include other transmissions or alternate transmissions. The shared RF spectrum band may include a band of RF spectrum to which a transmitting device may need to grant access (e.g., a band of RF spectrum that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner). The operation (or operations) in block 1605 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060 or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the identification component of 635 or 735 subframe configuration described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00182] In block 1610, method 1600 may include generating, based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, a CRS for the downlink subframe. For example, method 1600 may include generating the CRS for the downlink subframe when the downlink subframe configuration includes transmission of the PCFICH. The operation (or operations) in block 1610 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060 or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the generation component. CRS 640 or 740 described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00183] In block 1615, method 1600 may include transmitting in the PCFICH an indication of whether a base station will be active in a next downlink subframe subsequent to the downlink subframe. In some examples, the indication may include an extra bit in the PCFICH. Operations in block 1615 may be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060, or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the transmission management component 750 or component control transmission management tools 755 described with reference to Figure 7.

[00184] In this way, method 1600 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1600 is only one implementation and that the operations of method 1600 can be rearranged or otherwise modified so that other implementations are possible.

[00185] Figure 17 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 1700 for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For the sake of objectivity, method 1700 is described below with reference to aspects of one or more of base stations 105, 205, 205-a, 1005 or 1205 described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 10 or 12, or aspects of one or more of the handsets 605 or 705 described with reference to Figure 6 or 7. In some examples, a base station and/or handset can execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the base station or the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station or handset may perform one or more of the functions described below using special purpose hardware.

[00186] In block 1705, method 1700 may include identifying a configuration of a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the downlink subframe can be configured to include a transmission of a PFFICH. The downlink subframe can also be configured to include other transmissions or alternate transmissions. The shared RF spectrum band may include a band of RF spectrum to which a transmitting device may need to grant access (e.g., a band of RF spectrum that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner). The operation (or operations) in block 1705 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060 or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the identification component of 635 or 735 subframe configuration described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00187] In block 1710, method 1700 may include resolving a conflict over access to the shared radio frequency spectrum band. The operation (or operations) in block 1710 may be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060 or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10 or 12 or the CCA component 780 described with reference to Figure 7.

[00188] At block 1715, method 1700 may include generating, based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, a CRS for the downlink subframe. For example, method 1700 may include generating the CRS for the downlink subframe when the downlink subframe configuration includes transmission of the PDDICH. The operation (or operations) at block 1715 may be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060, or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the generation component. CRS 640 or 740 described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00189] In block 1720, method 1700 may include transmitting the downlink subframe, including the PFFICH, after the acquisition grant for access to the shared radio frequency spectrum band. Operations in block 1720 may be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060, or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the transmission management component 750 or component control transmission management tools 755 described with reference to Figure 7.

[00190] In this way, method 1700 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1700 is only one implementation and that the operations of method 1700 can be rearranged or otherwise modified so that other implementations are possible.

[00191] Figure 18 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 1800 for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For the sake of objectivity, method 1800 is described below with reference to aspects of one or more of base stations 105, 205, 205-a, 1005 or 1205 described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 10 or 12, or aspects of one or more of the handsets 605 or 705 described with reference to Figure 6 or 7. In some examples, a base station and/or handset can execute one or more sets of codes to control the functional elements of the base station or the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station or handset may perform one or more of the functions described below using special purpose hardware.

[00192] In block 1805, method 1800 may include identifying a configuration of a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the downlink subframe can be configured to include a transmission of a PHICH. The downlink subframe can also be configured to include other transmissions or alternate transmissions. The shared RF spectrum band may include a band of RF spectrum to which a transmitting device may need to grant access (e.g., a band of RF spectrum that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner). The operation (or operations) in block 1805 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060 or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the identification component of 635 or 735 subframe configuration described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00193] In block 1810, method 1800 may include generating, based at least in part on the configuration of the downlink subframe, a CRS for the downlink subframe. For example, method 1800 may include generating the CRS for the downlink subframe when the downlink subframe configuration includes transmission of the PHICH. The operation (or operations) at block 1815 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060, or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the data generation component. CRS 640 or 740 described with reference to Figures 6 or 7.

[00194] In some examples, method 1800 may be configured in various ways to perform operations on one or both of block 1815, block 1820, or block 1825. In block 1815, method 1800 may include allocating at least one resource to the PHICH as a function of a UE grant initialization resource block and an identifier of an uplink frame. In block 1820, method 1800 may include transmitting the downlink subframe including the PHICH.

[00195] At block 1825, method 1800 may include transmitting in the PHICH a group acknowledgment for a group of uplink subframes received from a UE. In some examples, the group acknowledgment may be transmitted with a CRC bit set. In some examples, method 1800 may continue, after performing the operation (the operations) in block 1825, in block 1815 or 1820. In some examples, the downlink subframe can be a downlink first subframe (where "first " means one of many, and not necessarily the first in time), the PHICH may be the first PHICH, and the group acknowledgment may be a first group acknowledgment for a first group of uplink subframes received from a first UE . In these latter examples, method 1800 may include transmitting a second PHICH in a second downlink subframe. The second PHICH may include a second group acknowledgment for a second group of uplink subframes received from a second UE. The first group acknowledgment and the second group acknowledgment may be transmitted in different downlink subframes (for example, the first downlink subframe or the second downlink subframe) due to the fact that the first group of downlink subframes uplink is received for a different TDD frame structure than the second group of uplink subframes. Stated differently, the downlink subframe in which a group acknowledgment is transmitted may be based at least in part on the TDD frame structure of the uplink group of subframes to which the group acknowledgment corresponds.

[00196] Operations in block 1815, 1820 or 1825 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 620, 720, 1060 or 1286 described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 10, or 12, or the component transmission management component 750 or control transmission management component 755 described with reference to Figure 7.

[00197] In this way, method 1800 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1800 is only an implementation and that the operations of method 1800 can be rearranged or otherwise modified so that other implementations are possible.

[00198] In some examples, the operation (the operations) of the methods 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, or 1800 described with reference to Figures 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 may be combined.

[00199] Figure 19 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 1900 for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For the sake of objectivity, the method 1900 is described below with reference to aspects of one or more of the UEs 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b, 215-c, 1115 or 1215 described with reference to Figures 1, 2 , 11 or 12, or aspects of one or more of the apparatus 815 or 915 described with reference to Figure 8 or 9 . In some examples, a UE or apparatus may execute one or more sets of codes to control functional elements of the UE or 12 . device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or apparatus may perform one or more of the functions described below using special purpose hardware.

[00200] In block 1905, method 1900 may include dynamically determining a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band. The shared RF spectrum band may include a band of RF spectrum to which a transmitting device may need to grant access (e.g., a band of RF spectrum that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner). The operation (or operations) in block 1905 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 820, 920, 1160 or 1284 described with reference to Figures 8, 9, 11, or 12, or the identification component of CRS 835 or 935 described with reference to Figures 8 or 9.

[00201] In block 1910, method 1900 may include performing at least one operation during the downlink subframe in response to the dynamic determination. The operation (or operations) at block 1910 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 820, 920, 1160 or 1284 described with reference to Figures 8, 9, 11, or 12, or the communication management component operation based on CRS 840 or 940 described with reference to Figures 8 or 9.

[00202] In this way, method 1900 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1900 is only an implementation and that the operations of method 1900 can be rearranged or otherwise modified so that other implementations are possible.

[00203] Figure 20 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 2000 for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For the sake of objectivity, the method 2000 is described below with reference to aspects of one or more of the UEs 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b, 215-c, 1115 or 1215 described with reference to Figures 1, 2 , 11 or 12, or aspects of one or more of the apparatus 815 or 915 described with reference to Figure 8 or 9 . In some examples, a UE or apparatus may execute one or more sets of codes to control functional elements of the UE or 12 . device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or apparatus may perform one or more of the functions described below using special purpose hardware.

[00204] The method 2000 may begin in one of the 2005 block or the 2010 block. In the 2005 block, the method 2000 may include dynamically determining a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in a radio frequency spectrum band shared by inferring the presence of CRS in at least one of: a CQI measurement subframe or a subframe that includes an eSIB. In some examples, the subframe that includes the eSIB may be a D-CET subframe, or the eSIB may be one of a plurality of eSIBs received on a periodic basis. In block 2010, method 2000 may include dynamically determining a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in the shared radio spectrum band by decoding received DCI into a PDCCH or an ePDCCH. When cross-carrier scheduling is used, decoding the DCI may include decoding a bit of DCI included in a PDCCH/ePDCCH. When autoprogramming is used, DCI decoding may include decoding a DCI bit included in an ePDCCH. DCI can be decoded by a UE before decoding the CRS.

[00205] The shared radio frequency spectrum band may include a radio frequency spectrum band to which a transmitting device may need to grant access (for example, a radio frequency spectrum band that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi usage -Fi, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner). The operation (or operations) in block 2005 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 820, 920, 1160 or 1284 described with reference to Figures 8, 9, 11, or 12, the CRS identification component 835 or 935 described with reference to Figures 8 or 9, or the interference component 945 or DCI decoding component 950 described with reference to Figure 9.

[00206] In block 2015, method 2000 may include performing at least one operation during the downlink subframe in response to the dynamic determination in block 2005 or block 2010. The operation (or operations) in block 2015 may be performed using of the wireless communication management component 820, 920, 1160, or 1284 described with reference to Figures 8, 9, 11, or 12, or the CRS-based operation management component 840 or 940 described with reference to Figures 8 or 9 .

[00207] In this way, method 2000 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 2000 is only an implementation and that the operations of method 2000 may be rearranged or otherwise modified so that other implementations are possible.

[00208] Figure 21 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 2100 for wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For the sake of objectivity, the method 2100 is described below with reference to aspects of one or more of the UEs 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b, 215-c, 1115 or 1215 described with reference to Figures 1, 2 , 11 or 12, or aspects of one or more of the apparatus 815 or 915 described with reference to Figure 8 or 9 . In some examples, a UE or apparatus may execute one or more sets of codes to control functional elements of the UE or 12 . device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or apparatus may perform one or more of the functions described below using special purpose hardware.

[00209] In block 2105, method 2100 may include dynamically determining a presence of a CRS in a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band. The shared RF spectrum band may include a band of RF spectrum to which a transmitting device may need to grant access (e.g., a band of RF spectrum that is available for unlicensed use, such as Wi-Fi use, or a band of radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by multiple operators in an equally shared or prioritized manner). The operation (or operations) in block 2105 can be performed using the wireless communication management component 820, 920, 1160 or 1284 described with reference to Figures 8, 9, 11, or 12, or the identification component of CRS 835 or 935 described with reference to Figures 8 or 9.

[00210] In block 2110, block 2115, block 2120, block 2125, or block 2135, method 2100 may include performing at least one operation during the downlink subframe in response to the dynamic determination. At block 2110, method 2100 may include receiving a PCFICH, and receiving in the PCFICH an indication of whether a base station will be active in a next downlink subframe subsequent to the downlink subframe. Operation (or operations) at block 2110 may be performed using the wireless communication management component 820, 920, 1160 or 1284 described with reference to Figures 8, 9, 11, or 12, the operation management component CRS 840 or 940-based decoding component described with reference to Figures 8 or 9, or the CRS 960-based decoding component described with reference to Figure 9.

[00211] In block 2115, method 2100 may include performing a measurement on the CRS to obtain a channel estimate. At block 2120, method 2100 may include decoding, based at least in part on the channel estimate, at least one of: a PCFICH, a PFFICH, a PDCCH, a PHICH, a PBCH, or an eSIB. In some examples, the eSIB may be included in a D-CET subframe, or the eSIB may be one of a plurality of eSIBs received on a periodic basis. The operation (or operations) at block 2115 may be performed using the wireless communication management component 820, 920, 1160 or 1284 described with reference to Figures 8, 9, 11, or 12, the operation management component 8 or 9, or channel estimation management component 955. Operation (or operations) on block 2120 may be performed using wireless communication management component 820 , 920, 1160 or 1284 described with reference to Figures 8, 9, 11, or 12, the CRS-based operation management component 840 or 940 described with reference to Figures 8 or 9, or the CRS-based decoding component 960 described with reference to Figure 9.

[00212] At block 2125, method 2100 may include receiving a PHICH, and receiving in the PHICH a group acknowledgment for a group of uplink subframes. In some examples, a group acknowledgment may be received with a CRC bit set. Operation (or operations) at block 2125 may be performed using the wireless communication management component 820, 920, 1160 or 1284 described with reference to Figures 8, 9, 11, or 12, the operation management component CRS 840 or 940-based decoding component described with reference to Figures 8 or 9, or the CRS 960-based decoding component described with reference to Figure 9.

[00213] In block 2130, method 2100 may include inferring a presence of a PHICH in the downlink subframe based, at least in part, on a TDD frame structure of a frame in which the downlink subframe is included . At block 2135, method 2100 may include receiving a PHICH transmission during the downlink subframe. Operations in block 2130 or 2135 may be performed using the wireless communication management component 820, 920, 1160 or 1284 described with reference to Figures 8, 9, 11, or 12, the wireless-based operation management component CRS 840 or 940 described with reference to Figures 8 or 9, or the CRS 960-based decoding component described with reference to Figure 9.

[00214] In this way, method 2100 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 2100 is only an implementation and that the operations of method 2100 can be rearranged or otherwise modified so that other implementations are possible.

[00215] In some examples, the operation (the operations) of methods 1900, 2000, or 2100 described with reference to Figures 19, 20, or 21 may be combined.

[00216] The techniques described in this document can be used for various wireless communication systems, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers the IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 Versions 0 and A are commonly referred to as CDMA2000 IX, IX, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as 1xEV-DO of CDMA2000, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Broadband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA system can implement a radio technology such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). An OFDMA system can deploy a radio technology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM™ etc. The UTRA and E-UTRA are parts of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). Long Term Evolution (LTE) of 3GPP and LTE Advanced (LTE-A) are new releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A and GSM are described in documents by an organization called the "Third Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents by an organization called the "Project Third Generation Partnership 2" (3GPP2). The techniques described in this document can be used for the radio systems and technologies mentioned above as well as other radio systems and technologies, which include cellular communications (e.g. LTE) via an unlicensed or shared bandwidth. The description below, however, describes an LTE/LTE-A system by way of example, and LTE terminology is used throughout much of the description below, although the techniques are applicable beyond of LTE/LTE-A applications.

[00217] The detailed description set forth above with reference to the accompanying drawings describes exemplary examples and does not represent all examples that can be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The terms "example" and "exemplary", when used in the present description, mean "which serves as an example, occurrence or illustration", and not "preferred" or "advantageous over other embodiments". The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described set of procedures. This set of procedures, however, can be practiced without these specific details. In some examples, well-known structures and apparatus are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring concepts from the examples described.

[00218] Information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and integrated circuits that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic particles or fields, optical particles or fields, or any combination thereof.

[00219] The various illustrative blocks and components described together in relation to the disclosure herein can be implemented or realized with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device , discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. A processor may also be deployed as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[00220] The functions described in this document can be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, functions may be stored on, or transmitted by, as one or more instructions or code, computer-readable media. Other examples and deployments are within the scope and spirit of the accompanying disclosure and claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described above can be implemented using software running through a processor, hardware, firmware, wired connection, or combinations of any of these. Feature deployment functions can also be physically located in various locations, which includes being distributed such that portions of the functions are deployed in different physical locations. As used in this document, including in the claims, the term "and/or", when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed alone or any combination of two or more of the items listed can be applied. For example, if a composition is described to contain components A, B and/or C, the composition may contain A only; B only; C only; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B and C in combination. In addition, as used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items preceded by a phrase such as "at least one of or one or more of" ), indicates a disjunctive list so that, for example, a list of "at least one of A, B, or C" means A or B or C, or AB, or AC, or BC, or ABC (that is, A and B and C).

[00221] Computer readable media include both the computer storage medium and the communication medium which includes any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program from one location to another. A storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and without limitation, computer-readable media may comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other media that can be used to carry or store desired means of program code in the form of instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately termed computer-readable media. For example, if instructions are transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital signage line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave, so coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of media. Magnetic disk and optical disk, as used herein, include compact disk (CD), laser disk, optical disk, digital versatile disk (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disk, where magnetic disks often reproduce data magnetic, while optical discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the foregoing are also included within the scope of computer-readable medium.

[00222] The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to such embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Therefore, disclosure must not be limited to the examples and designs described in this document, but must be consistent with the broadest scope consistent with the principles and innovative features disclosed in this document.

Claims (14)

1. Method for wireless communication, characterized in that it comprises: identifying (1305) a predetermined signal type within a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band; and generating (1310), based at least in part on the predetermined signal type within the downlink subframe, a specific cell reference (CRS) signal for the downlink subframe. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises: signaling a presence of the CRS in the downlink subframe. 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: transmitting, in a first set of at least one symbol period comprising a first symbol period of the downlink subframe, a control region that comprises a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical frame format indicator channel (PFFICH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), or a physical hybrid autorepeat request indicator channel (PHICH ); and transmitting the CRS in the first symbol period of the downlink subframe. 4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that: (i) the downlink subframe comprises a transmission of a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), and the method further comprising transmitting on the PCFICH a indication of whether a base station will be active in a next downlink subframe subsequent to the downlink subframe; or (ii) the downlink subframe comprising a transmission of a Physical Frame Format Indicator Channel (PFFICH), and the method further comprising: winning contention for access to the shared radio frequency spectrum band; and transmitting the downlink subframe after winning the contention for access to the shared radio frequency spectrum band; or (iii) the downlink subframe comprising a transmission of a physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator (PHICH) channel, and the method further comprising: transmitting in the PHICH a group acknowledgment for a group of uplink subframes received from a user equipment (UE); or (iv) the downlink subframe comprising a transmission of a first physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator (PHICH) channel, and the method further comprising: transmitting in the first PHICH a first group acknowledgment for a first group of subframes of uplink received from a first user equipment (UE); and transmitting in a second PHICH, in a second downlink subframe, a second group acknowledgment for a second group of uplink subframes received from a second UE; wherein the first group of uplink subframes is received for a different time domain duplexing (TDD) frame structure than the second group of uplink subframes; or (v) the downlink subframe comprising a transmission of a physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator (PHICH) channel, and the method further comprising: allocating at least one resource to the PHICH as a function of a resource block of user equipment (UE) lease initialization and an identifier of an uplink subframe. 5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the downlink subframe comprises a CRS-based Enhanced System Information Block (eSIB). 6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the downlink subframe comprises at least one of: a data transmission to a user equipment (UE), data transmission based at least on part, in a space-frequency block encoding (SFBC); a CRS-based Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) measurement subframe; a transmission of a common search space grant in a self-scheduling mode; a transmission of a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH); a transmission of a physical frame format indicator channel (PFFICH); a transmission of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); a transmission of a physical hybrid automatic repeat request (PHICH) indicator channel; or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission. 7. Apparatus for wireless communication comprising: a processor (1010, 1110); memory (1020, 1120) in electronic communication with the processor (1010, 1110); and the apparatus characterized in that the processor (1010, 1110) and memory (1020, 1120) are configured to: identify a predetermined signal type within a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band; and generating, based at least in part on the predetermined signal type within the downlink subframe, a specific cell reference (CRS) signal for the downlink subframe. 8. A method for wireless communication, comprising: dynamically determining (1905) whether a specific cell reference (CRS) signal is present in a downlink subframe in a shared radio frequency spectrum band; and performing (1910) at least one CRS-based operation during the downlink subframe by dynamically determining that the CRS is present in the downlink subframe. 9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that performing at least one operation based on CRS during the downlink subframe comprises: performing a measurement on the CRS to obtain a channel estimate; and decoding, based at least in part on the channel estimate, at least one of: a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical frame format indicator channel (PFFICH), a physical downlink (PDCCH), a physical hybrid auto-repeat request indicator channel (PHICH), or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). 10. Method, according to claim 8, characterized in that it dynamically determines whether the CRS that is present in the downlink subframe comprises at least one of: inferring the presence of the CRS in a data quality indicator measurement subframe channel (CQI) or a subframe comprising an enhanced system information block (eSIB), or decoding downlink control information (DCI) received on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or an enhanced PDCCH (ePDCCH ). 11. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that performing the at least one CRS-based operation during the downlink subframe comprises: receiving a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH); and receiving in the PCFICH an indication of whether a base station will be active in a next downlink subframe subsequent to the downlink subframe. 12. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that performing the at least one CRS-based operation during the downlink subframe comprises: receiving a physical hybrid automatic repeat request (PHICH) indicator channel; and receiving in the PHICH a group acknowledgment for a group of uplink subframes. 13. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that performing the at least one CRS-based operation during the downlink subframe comprises: performing a measurement on the CRS to obtain a channel estimate; and decoding, based at least in part on the channel estimate, an enhanced system information block (eSIB). 14. Apparatus for wireless communication comprising: a processor (1010, 1110); memory (1020, 1120) in electronic communication with the processor (1010, 1110); and apparatus characterized in that the processor (1010, 1110) and memory (1020, 1120) are configured to: dynamically determine whether a specific cell reference (CRS) signal is present in a downlink subframe in a band shared radio frequency spectrum; and performing at least one CRS-based operation during the downlink subframe by dynamically determining that the CRS is present in the downlink subframe.