BR112012032876B1 - TRIM PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A REINFORCED PIPE AND REINFORCED PIPE - Google Patents

Abstract

lining process to reinforce a pipe for axial maintenance and internal pressure maintenance. the present invention relates to a packing process that makes it possible to manufacture a reinforced tube in which the following operations are carried out: a reinforcement layer 2 is deposited around a metallic tube to plastically deform the metallic tube, applying a pressure p2 on the compartment z2, the force being determined to introduce a compressive effort in the metallic tube, after relaxation of the force, and - a pressure p1 is imposed in compartment z1 to apply pressure on the inner wall of the metallic tube, in order to plastically deform the metallic tube, the pressure being determined to introduce a compression effort in the metallic tube, in order to plastically deform the metallic tube, after relaxation of the force, and a pressure p1 is imposed in the z1 compartment to apply pressure on the inner wall of the metal, in order to plastically deform the metal tube, the pressure being determined to introduce a compression effort in the metal tube, after relaxing the pressure to. the fact that the two compartments z1 and z2 are distinct and independent allows to apply pressures p1 and p2 independently of each other. thus, the process allows to apply independent radial and axial prestresses, in order to optimize the resistance of the fitted tube

Description

Descriptive Report of the Invention Patent for PROCESS OF GUARNITION TO MANUFACTURE A REINFORCED PIPING AND REINFORCED PIPING.

The present invention relates to the domain of metal pipes reinforced by trim. The pipes, according to the invention, are well adapted to equip an offshore drilling installation and / or an offshore oil field production facility.

To drill a well in the sea or to produce a petroleum effluent, from a deposit located in the sea, an upstream column, usually called riser, is used, allowing the wellhead, located at the seabed level, to be connected to a support located on the sea surface. An upstream drilling or production column consists of a set of tubular elements, connected by connectors. The tubular elements are connected on the drilling or production site, using a floating support. The column descends in the water cut, as the tubular elements are connected, until reaching the wellhead located on the seabed.

With a view to drilling at water depths that can reach 3500 m or more, the weight of the upstream column becomes penalizing. This phenomenon is aggravated by the fact that, for the same maximum service pressure, the length of the column imposes a larger internal diameter of the auxiliary ducts, considering the need to limit pressure losses. The use of fitted pipes, according to the invention, as the main pipe or auxiliary pipe of an upright drilling column allows it to significantly reduce its weight and, therefore, operate at greater depth. Similarly, the production columns are subjected to increasingly important demands related to pressure and weight, which the present invention allows to reduce.

There are different methods of lining that make it possible to reinforce a metallic pipe, having the composite reinforcement elements, usually in the form of a belt composed of fibers coated in a polymer, under stress around the metallic pipe. The trim allows

Petition 870190060786, dated 06/28/2019, p. 10/16

2/12 increase the mechanical resistance of the pipeline, without significantly increasing its weight, considering the low weight of the reinforcement elements.

A lining technique, called circumferential lining, consists of wrapping a reinforcement element around a metal pipe in order to increase the resistance of the pipe to internal pressure. For example, WO 82/01159 proposes to wrap the reinforcement element around the metallic pipe, introducing a tension there. Thus, the reinforcement element wrapped around the tubing is compressed in ten10 s, which introduces the placing under stress of the metallic tubing. The radial prestress suffered by the pipe is similar to that which would produce an external pressure.

Another lining technique, called axial lining, proposes to introduce axial compression stresses in the metallic piping and axial traction forces in the reinforcement element. For example, US, 2010/0032214 proposes a device composed of a moving part axially in relation to the metallic piping to introduce tensile forces on the reinforcement element and compressive forces on the metallic piping.

The present invention proposes to combine the circumferential pad 20 and the axial pad to accumulate the weight reductions provided by these two techniques. However, this association presents the problem of carrying out the placement under stress of the axial and circumferential lining. In effect, the axial gasket mainly conditions the maintenance of the piped pipe, while the circumferential gasket mainly conditions the maintenance of the pipe to internal pressure. It is important that axial lining operations do not modify the characteristics of the circumferential lining or slightly modify it, and conversely, circumferential lining operations do not modify or slightly modify the characteristics of the axial lining.

The present invention proposes a lining technique that combines a circumferential and axial reinforcement of the metallic tubing, allowing the introduction of radial compression prestresses independently of the axial compressive prestresses in the metallic tubing.

In general, the present invention relates to a packing process to manufacture a reinforced pipe, in which the following operations are carried out:

a) if a metallic pipe is provided, then

b) a reinforcement layer is deposited around the metal pipe, the layer comprising elongated reinforcement elements at internal pressure and the axial design; after

c) a tensile force is imposed on the pipe ends * • 10 metallic to plastically deform the metallic pipe, the force being oriented parallel to the axis of the metallic pipe, the force being determined to introduce a compression effort in the metallic pipe, after relaxation strength; and

d) a pressure is imposed on the inner wall of the metallic pipe to plastically deform the metallic pipe, the pressure being „determined to introduce a compressive effort in the metallic pipe after the pressure has relaxed, the process being characterized by the fact that it is fixed the value of that pressure regardless of the value of that tractive force.

According to the invention, operation c), the pulling force can be imposed by means of a jack.

In step d), a compartment can be formed in the metallic piping, a part of the compartment being constituted by the inner wall of the metallic piping, and a fluid can be injected under pressure into the compartment. The compartment may have an annular shape between the inner wall of the metallic pipe and a second tubular wall disposed in the metallic pipe.

Operations c) and d) can be performed simultaneously.

Alternatively, operations c) and d) can be performed sequentially.

The reinforcement layer can be attached to both ends of the metal piping by means of connection.

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In step b), at least a first part of the elongated reinforcement elements can be deposited, forming an angle between 0 and 45 ⁰ in relation to the pipe axis and at least a second part of the elongated reinforcement elements can be deposited. , forming an angle between 45 and 90 ⁰ is in relation to the pipe axis.

Alternatively, the elongated elements can be deposited, forming an angle between 45 and 60 °.

The metal piping can be composed of steel, aluminum alloy or titanium alloy.

> 10 The elongated elements can be composed of reinforcement fibers coated in a polymer matrix. Reinforcement fibers can be chosen from glass fibers, carbon fibers and aramid fibers and in which the polymer matrix can be chosen from a polyethylene, a polyamide, a polyether ether ketone, a polypropylene, a polyfluoride 15 vinylidene and an epoxide.

. The invention also comprises the reinforced piping obtained by the process, according to the invention.

- * Other features and advantages of the invention will be better understood and will appear clearly with the reading of the description made below with reference to the drawings among which:

figure 1 represents the structure of a fitted pipe;

figure 2 schematically shows a packing device according to the invention;

figures 3 and 4 show axial packing devices, 25 according to the invention;

figures 5 and 6 diagram circumferential lining devices, according to the invention;

- figure 7 represents a diagram, indicating the axial and pressure resistance of pipes.

Figure 1 represents a metallic pipe 1 with axis AA ', which is reinforced by a reinforcement layer 2. The pipe comprises a current part B of substantially constant thickness E1 and an in diameter

5/12 suit D substantially constant over length Ha part B. Part B is made up of two parts C which make it possible to cooperate the metallic tubing with the reinforcement elements 2. The parts C can be reinforced, for example, by a thickness metal e2 more important than thickness e1. Finally, the ends of the piping 1 are provided with co ---------- connectors E.

Piping 1 can be made of steel, for example, steel X60, X80, X100. Piping 1 can be composed of an aluminum alloy. For example, aluminum alloys referenced can be used

- 10 1050,1100, 3014, 2024, 3003, 5052, 6063, 6082, 5083, 5086, 6061, 6013,

7050, 7055 by ASTM (American Standard for Testing and Material) or aluminum alloys sold under the references C405, CU31, C555, CU92, C805, C855, C70H by the company ALCOA. Piping 1 can also be composed of a titanium alloy. For example, you can use a Ti-6-4 titanium alloy (alloy containing, by weight, at least 85% titanium, approximately 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium) or Ti-6-4 alloy. 6-6-2, with a weight percentage of approximately 6 '% aluminum, 6% vanadium, and 2% tin and at least 80% titanium.

Part B of the piping is generally manufactured from a laminated or extruded sketch. Parts C and E can be parts obtained, for example, by machining, forging or molding. Parts C and E can be welded to part B.

The reinforcement layer 2 may consist of reinforcement elements, for example, elongated elements (ribbons or yarns), composed of fibers, for example, glass, carbon or aram fibers, the fibers being coated in, or impregnated with, a polymer matrix. The polymer matrix can be in thermoplastic material, such as polyethylene, polyamide (notably PA11, PA6, PA6-6 or PA12), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polypropylene (PP), or vinylidene polyfluoride (PVDF ). The polymer matrix can also be in thermosetting material, such as epoxides. In the present description an elongated element designates an element of which

6/12 one dimension is very large in relation to the others. The elements are deposited by layer 1 on the pipe 1, that is, forming a continuous case of substantially constant thickness on part B and possibly on part of parts C of pipe 1.

Reinforcement elements can be deposited on the external surface of the pipe 1, forming an angle between 45 and 60 ⁰ to reinforce the metal pipe axially and radially.

Alternatively, a part of the reinforcement elements can be deposited on the external surface of the pipe 1, in a direction 10 substantially parallel to the axis AA 'to axially reinforce the metal pipe, for example, forming an angle between 0 and 45 °, in preferably between 0 and 30 °, in relation to the axis AA '. And the other part of the reinforcement element can be deposited on the external surface of the pipe 1, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis AA 'to reinforce the metal pipe 15 radially, for example, forming an angle between 45 and 90 °, from preferably between 60 and 90 ⁰ with respect to axis AA '. For example, reinforcement elements are helically wound around the pipe 1 to form the reinforcement layer 2.

In general, to balance the maintenance of the elongated reinforcing elements 20, when depositing a number of elements, at an angle α, an equivalent amount of element is deposited at an angle equal to -a. In the present description, when specifying an α placement angle of an elongated element in relation to the pipe axis, it is understood that a part of the elongated elements is placed with an alpha angle and that the other part is placed with an angle - a in relation to the pipe axis.

The reinforcement layer 2 can be obtained by alternating the placement of reinforcement elements substantially perpendicular to the axis AA'and of reinforcement elements substantially parallel to the axis AA '. It is also possible to place a first reinforcement layer composed of reinforcement elements substantially perpendicular to the axis AA ', then the first layer is covered by a second reinforcement layer composed of elements extending 7/12 from those placed substantially parallel to the axis AA'. Conversely, a first reinforcement layer composed of reinforcement elements substantially parallel to the axis AA 'can also be presented, then the first layer is covered by a second reinforcement layer composed of elongated elements 5 placed approximately perpendicular to the axis AA'.

According to the invention, the elongated elements of the reinforcement layer 2 cooperate with the metallic piping 1, to allow the transfer of forces between the metallic piping 1 and the reinforcement elements layer 2. For example, it can be solidly connected to reinforcement layer -10 to the ends of the pipe 1, at the level of parts C, by means of connection

3. The means 3 form an interface between the reinforcement layer 2 and the metallic pipe 1. When the fitted pipe is subjected to an axial retraction effort, the means 3 allow to transmit the axial tensile stress together to the metallic pipe 1 and the layer reinforcement 2. Thus, the tractive effort is divided or divided between the metallic pipe 1 and the reinforcement layer 2. The grooves are circumferential and perpendicular to the axis AA 'of the pipe.

For example, connection means 3 can be a Trap Loock type device, for example, described in US 6,042,152A. The elements of the reinforcement layer are attached and kept in open grooves at the level of the C parts and the metallic piping.

The connection means 3 can also consist of a pedestrian device described in US 5 288 109. Metal grafts or pedestrians cross the thickness of the reinforcement layer at the level of the C parts of the metallic pipe. The pedestrians are partly housed in open limit holes in part C of the metal piping.

The pipe 1 provided with the reinforcement layer 2 is inserted in a fitting device, as shown in figure 2. The device consists of two parts of pipe 24 and 25 that have an external diameter d 30 smaller than the internal diameter D of the pipe 1. The pipe parts 24 and 25 are connected to each other by connection 26 and allow pipe 24 to slide in relation to pipe 25. For example, connection 26

8/12 can be a telescopic fit of pipe 24 to pipe 1 substantially parallel to its axis AA '. The end of the pipe 25 is plugged by the plug 27. For example, the plug 27 is welded on the end of the pipe 24 is plugged by the plug 28. In addition, the plugs 27 and 28 are respectively fixed severally to the ends of the metal pipe 1 , by means of a tightening or screwing on the connection tips E referenced in figure 1.

In figure 2, the sealing joints 29, 30 and 31 allow to create two distinct closed zones. The seal 29 allows to make the connection 26 between the pipe parts 24 and 25 watertight. The seal 30 is arranged between the outer surface of the pipe part 24 and the inner surface of the pipe 1, preferably at the level of the reinforced Cou part of the tip E. The seal 31 is arranged between the outer surface of the pipe part. piping 25 and the inner surface of piping 1, preferably at the level of the reinforced part C or the tip E.

Thus, the closed space bounded by the internal surface of the pipe 1 and the external surfaces of the pipe parts 24 and 25 and sealed by joints 29, 30 and 31 form a first compartment Z1. The closed space bounded by the inner surface of the pipe parts 24 and 25, and 20 closed by plugs 27 and 28 forms a second compartment Z2. Piping 33 allows a fluid to be introduced under pressure P1 into compartment Z1. Piping 34 allows a fluid to be introduced under pressure P2 into compartment Z2.

In order to place the metallic pipe 1 and the reinforcement elements 2 under pressure, a pressure P1 and a pressure P2 large enough to plastically deform the metal pipe 1. The pressures P1 and P2 can be applied simultaneously. One of the pressures P1 or P2 can also be applied, then the other, for example, P1, then P2 or P2 then P1.

The pressure P1 in compartment Z1 allows to deform radially the tube 1. In fact, the fluid in compartment Z1 applies pressure to the internal surface of the pipe 1. The internal pressure applied to the

9/12 inner surface of the pipe 1 causes a radial expansion of the pipe ------

1. When the limit of elastic deformation is exceeded, the pipeline deforms plastically and does not return to its original shape when pressure P1 is reduced. The residual deformation of the tubing 1 induces stress stresses in the circumferential layers of the reinforcement 1 which themselves induce radial compression stresses, that is, compressive stresses directed in the direction of the rays, in the metallic tubing 1.

The pressure P2 in compartment Z2 allows axial deformation of the pipe 1. In fact, the fluid in compartment Z2 imposes a pressure. 10 on plugs 27 or 28 that transmit tensile forces, parallel to the axis AA ', at the ends of the metallic pipe 1. The tensile forces T2 that are exerted on the ends of the pipe 1 via compartment Z2 subjected to pressure P2 are T2 = P2 kD ^2/4. The tensile forces imposed on the pipe 1 elongate the pipe 1. When the limit of elastic deformation is exceeded, the pipe deforms elastically and does not return to its initial shape when it is reduced approximately P2. The residual deformation of the tubing 1 induces tension stresses in the layers - axial reinforcement 2 which themselves induce axial compression stresses, that is, compression stresses directed along the axis AA ', in the metallic tubing 1.

The fact that the two compartments Z1 and Z2 are distinct and independent allows to apply pressures P1 and P2 independently of each other. Thus, the process, according to the invention, allows independent radial and axial prestressing to be applied in order to optimize the maintenance of the fitted pipe.

Applying a pressure P1 to compartment Z1, an axial retracting force is also applied to the ends of the pipe 1 due to the bottom effect. This axial traction depends on the annular section of compartment Z1 measured perpendicular to the axis AA 'at the level of the joint 29. According to the invention, the value of the annular section is minimized to reduce the bottom effect to a lower level, preferably to a value at least 50% less than the value of force T2 generated by pressure P2 in compartment Z2. THE

10/12 annular section can be reduced by increasing the diameter b value at the joint level. The bottom effect induces by placing the Z1 compartment under pressure does not prevent operating, according to the invention, independently setting the pressure P1 and P2, in order to apply a tractive force

T2 regardless of pressure P1. ------------------ In general, the present invention proposes to apply a T2 axial traction traction, the value of which can vary and be fixed by the user independently of the P1 value of the radial trim pressure. For example, the radial lining pressure P1 is applied by a first means, • 10 which comprises a first compartment placed under pressure and the lining pull T2 is applied by a second means which comprises a third compartment placed under pressure. Thus, one can set a radial trim value P2, then T2 can be determined, without considering the value of P2. This is possible because, according to the invention, pressure 15 P1 can be varied independently of pressure P2.

The invention can also be applied, using two different devices to apply a tensile force T on the ends of the metallic tubing and a pressure P on the inner surface of the metallic tubing.

With reference to figures 3 and 4, the pipe covered by a reinforcement layer 2 is installed on a traction bench. The ends are held by gripping means 7 and 8, for example tweezers, a system of bolts and nuts (the ends of the tubing forming the bolt, means 7 and 8 being the nuts). The gripping means 7 and 8 are connected by one or more jacks arranged inside or outside the metallic tubing 1. With reference to figure 3, the jacks 11 and 12 connected to the gripping means 7 and 8 by the rods 9 and 10 are arranged on the outside of the pipe 1. The jacks 11 and 12 make it possible to apply a tensile force T to the ends of the metal pipe 1. With reference to figure 4, the assembly consisting of the jack 15 and the rods 13 and 14 is installed inside the tubing 1. The jack 15 allows to detach the gripping means 7 and 8 and apply a tensile stress T to the ends of the tubing 1. The devices

11/12 described with reference to figures 3 and 4 allow to apply an axial tractive effort to the pipe and, therefore, to carry out an axial packing operation, without inducing radial stresses, and, therefore, without inducing radial packing.

Figures 5 and 6 represent two installations that make it possible to apply pressure to the inner wall of the metallic pipe 1 covered by the reinforcement layer 2. The ends of the metallic pipe 1 are closed by plugs 40 and 41. The sealing joint 40a, respectively 41a , ensures tightness between plug 40, plug 41, respectively, and the inner wall of the metal pipe 1. Thus, the space bounded by the plugs 40, 41 and the inner wall of the pipe 1 forms a closed and watertight compartment 50. Referring to figure 5, plug 41 is held in position by frame 42. Jack 43 allows to move plug 40 along the pipe axis. A substantially incompressible fluid is disposed in compartment 50, then jack 43 is activated to impose a pressure P in the compartment 50 and, therefore, on the inner wall of the metallic pipe 1. Referring to figure 6, the plug 41 is solidly connected to the plug 40 by one or more rods 44. The perforation 45 allows the introduction of a fluid under pressure in compartment 50, in order to apply a pressure P on the internal wall of the metallic pipe 1. The devices described with reference to figures 5 and 6 allow to apply an internal pressure to the pipe and, therefore, to carry out a radial lining operation, without induce axial traction efforts and, therefore, without inducing radial lining.

One of the devices described with reference to figures 3 and 4 can be used to induce compressive prestresses directed along the axis AA ', in the metallic pipe 1. And one of the devices described with reference to figures 5 and 6 can be used to induce prestressing of radial compression in the metallic pipe 1.

The numerical examples presented below illustrate the interest in the trim technique according to the invention.

Figure 7 shows the mechanical maintenance of a pipe, the abscissa axis Tu, indicating the stress in kkN, the ordinate axis

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Pui, indicating the internal pressure MPa.

It is considered a pipe with an internal diameter 14 ⁰ (0.3556 m_ and a thickness of 15.5 mm in 740 MPa elastic limit steel.

The C1 curve with black diamonds indicates the wrapping for the maintenance of the piping without trim. ------------------------------- The same steel tubing is covered with a 10 mm thick circumferential a 10 mm thick axial trim layer. The pipe is fitted, according to the process of the invention, applying a pressure P1 of 1070 bar and a traction T2 of. 10 18 mega Newton.

The layer C2 copm squares shows the elastic maintenance wrap of the fitted pipe. Curve 03 with triangles shows the maintenance envelope when the pipe is broken.

In comparison, curve 04 in discontinuous line shows the elastic maintenance of a pipe with an internal diameter 14 (0.3556 m) and a thickness of 21 mm in 740 MPa elastic limit steel, without trim.

Comparing curves 02 and 04, it is observed that the piping

- 14.5 mm thick liner has an elastic limit in tension only equivalent to that of 21 mm thick tubing without liner and internal pressure is only higher than that of 21 mm thick liner without liner.

Claims (11)

1. Trim process to manufacture reinforced piping, in which the following operations are carried out: a) supply a metallic pipe (1), after b) deposit a reinforcement layer (2) around the metallic pipe (1), the reinforcement layer comprising elongated reinforcement elements at internal pressure and axial traction, alternating the deposition of the reinforcement elements forming an angle between 60 and 90 ° in relation to the tube axis with the deposition of the reinforcement elements forming an angle between 0 and 30 ° in relation to the tube axis; after c) impose a tensile force on the ends of the metallic pipe (1) to plastically deform the metallic pipe, the force being oriented parallel to the axis of the metallic pipe, the force being determined to introduce an axial compression effort in the metallic pipe, after relaxation strength; and d) impose a pressure on the inner wall of the metallic pipe (1) to plastically deform the metallic pipe, the pressure being determined to introduce a radial compression effort in the metallic pipe after the pressure is relaxed, the process being characterized by the fact of being fixed the value of that pressure regardless of the value of that tractive force. 2. Process according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that in operation c) the pulling force is imposed by means of a jack. 3. Process according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that in step d) a compartment is formed in the metallic pipe (1), a part of the compartment consisting of this inner wall of the metallic pipe, and injects a fluid under pressure in the compartment. 4. Process according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the compartment has an annular shape between the inner wall of the metallic pipe (1) and a second tubular wall (24; Petition 870190060786, dated 06/28/2019, p. 11/16 2/2 25) arranged in the metallic piping (1). 5. Process, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that operations c) and d) are carried out simultaneously. 6. Process, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that operations c) and d) are carried out sequentially. 7. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the reinforcement layer (2) is attached to both ends of the metallic tubing (1) by means of connection (3). 8. Process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the metallic piping is composed of steel, aluminum alloy or titanium alloy. 9. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the elongated elements are composed of reinforcement fibers coated in a polymer matrix. 10. Process according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that reinforcement fibers are chosen from glass fibers, carbon fibers and aramid fibers and in which the polymer matrix is chosen from a polyethylene, a polyamide, a polyether ether ketone, a polypropylene, a vinylidene polyfluoride and an epoxide. 11. Reinforced piping characterized by the fact that it is obtained by the process as defined in any of the preceding claims.