BR112012018032B1 - method to control arthropods and aqueous gel - Google Patents

Abstract

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ARTHROPODES, WATER GEL AND CONCENTRATE GEL The present invention relates to a method for controlling arthropods that comprise applying an aqueous gel containing an insecticide, an attractive and a thickener, in which the aqueous gel is applied in the form points on fruit trees. The present invention also relates to an aqueous gel that comprises an insecticide, an attractive, a thickener, a humectant and a food stimulant. The present invention also relates to a concentrated gel for preparing the aqueous gel.

Description

METHOD FOR CONTROLING ARTHROPODS AND Aqueous GEL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[001] The present invention relates to a method for controlling arthropods which comprises applying an aqueous gel containing an insecticide, an attractive and a thickener, in which the aqueous gel is applied in the form of dots on plants or on a solid article. The present invention also relates to an aqueous gel that comprises an insecticide, an attractive, a thickener, a humectant and a food stimulant. The present invention also relates to a concentrated gel for preparing the aqueous gel. Combinations of preferred embodiments with other preferred embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[002] Several methods are known for insect control, especially flying insects.

[003] EP patent 0.547.828 describes a device for the control of flying insects which comprises the means for trapping flying insects and an aqueous water-releasing gel. The gel can comprise a pheromone, a thickener or an attractant.

[004] US patent 3,954,968 describes a gelled emulsion to attract cotton weevil which comprises an attractive, glycerol, thickener, preservative and water. The gel was poured into glasses and offered to insects.

[005] The document WO 2008/031870 describes a method to combat arthropod pests, which comprises applying a composition to a location where the pest comes into contact with the composition. The composition can be applied to the parts of the plants to be protected. The composition can be a gel, which contains a pesticide, a superabsorbent polymer, a filler material (for example, an attractant, or a food stimulant) and water.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[006] The object of the present invention was to find an improved method for insect control.

[007] The object was solved using a method to control arthropods that includes applying an aqueous gel that contains an insecticide, an attractive and a thickener, in which the aqueous gel is applied in the form of dots on plants or on an article solid.

[008] Before application, a concentrated gel is preferably diluted with a liquid, such as water, providing the aqueous gel. In another preferred embodiment, the aqueous gel is a diluted gel. Typically, the aqueous gel is prepared by mixing the concentrated gel and water in a weight ratio of the concentrated gel / water from 3/1 to 1/10, preferably from 2/1 to 1/5, from most preferably, from 1/1 to 1/3. Concentrated gel and aqueous gel usually differ only in water concentration.

[009] Aqueous gel and concentrated gel refer to formulations that have a dynamic viscosity η greater than water (η of water is 1.0 mPa.s at 20 ° C) and are not solid. The rheology of the aqueous gel and the concentrated gel is usually comparable to ketchup or toothpaste at 20 ° C. Preferably, the aqueous gel and the concentrated gel are viscoelastic gels. The gel-like state is usually found in a temperature range from 10 to 54 ° C, preferably from 1 to 45 ° C.

[010] Normally, the aqueous gel behaves rheologically according to a viscoelastic material. The dynamic viscosity η of the aqueous gel is usually in the range from 30 to 10,000 mPa.s, preferably from 50 to 1000 mPa.s, especially from 80 to 500 mPa.s (determined using rotational viscosimetry at 20 ° C, shear rate of 100 s-1)

[011] Aqueous gel normally behaves like an elastic gel at low shear stress as long as it is a low viscous liquid at high shear stress. The "liquid" behavior is often necessary for good spraying, while the "harder" elastic state is usually necessary for good adhesion on the target surface. More information on the rheological behavior in low and high shear conditions can be obtained through the equilibrium state flow experiments, producing the two rheological parameters of the zero shear viscosity ηο at the “zero” shear stress and infinite shear viscosity η ∞ to the “infinite” shear stress. The zero shear viscosity. ηο of the aqueous gel must be "high" for good adhesion to the target surface, in order to achieve low flow. Accordingly, the zero shear viscosity ηο of the aqueous gel is preferably at least 100 Pa. S and, more preferably, at least 200 Pa.s. On the other hand, the infinite shear viscosity η∞ of the aqueous gel must be “low” for good spraying. Therefore, the aqueous gel has an infinite shear viscosity η∞, preferably less than 300 mPa.s, more preferably, less than 200 mPa.s and, most preferably, less than 100 mPa.s.

[012] Valuable information for the texture and evaluation of the application property, from the oscillatory rheological tests, can be obtained by monitoring the rheological parameter of the complex G * modules (“stiffness”), a measure of the resting resistance for the deformation. Typically, the aqueous gel has a G * stiffness, preferably in the range from 1 to 200 Pa and, most preferably, from 5 to 100 Pa and, most preferably, from 10 to 50 Pa Stiffness is usually determined at 20 ° C.

[013] As mentioned above, the aqueous gel can be prepared from a concentrated gel by diluting it with water. The dynamic viscosity η of the concentrated gel is usually in the range from 100 to 100,000 mPa.s, preferably from 300 to 20,000 mPa.s and, most preferably, from 400 to 5,000 mPa.s (determined by of rotational viscosimetry at 20 ° C, shear rate of 100 s-1). For comparison, the usual pesticidal formulations, according to suspensions, have a dynamic viscosity of about 100 mPa.s under these analytical conditions. Normally, the concentrated gel has a G * stiffness in the range of 200 to 10,000 Pa, preferably from 300 to 2,000 and, most preferably, from 400 to 1,000 Pa.

[014] The concentrated gel is preferably an aqueous gel. It preferably comprises at least 10% by weight of water. Preferably, the aqueous gel comprises from 20 to 95% by weight of water, more preferably from 40 to 90% by weight and most preferably from 50 to 80% by weight.

[015] It is an advantage of the present invention, that only parts of the plants (such as the trunk or the foliage) need to be treated with the formulation. Preferably, the aqueous gel is applied to less than 30% of the total plant surface, more preferably, less than 15%, more preferably, less than 5% and even more preferably, less than 1 %.

[016] The aqueous gel is applied as dots on plants or on a solid article. The number of points per plant is up to 5, preferably up to 2 and most preferably just one. For example, normally a fruit tree needs only one or two points, preferably just one point, for effective treatment. Typically, a dot covers an area from 1 cm2 to 1,000 cm2, preferably from 10 to 100 cm2. The area of a point depends on the size of the plants and, normally, the aqueous gel is applied to the larger plants in the form of larger points. The points can have a shape of a circle, a line (for example, horizontal, vertical or with a slope) or any irregular shape, such as a wave shape.

[017] The aqueous gel can be applied using conventional means. Preferably, the aqueous gel is applied by spraying, for example, as a jet at one point or as a line. This can be achieved using a tapered nozzle, without a baffle plate, a solid flow nozzle or a plate with an orifice. The pressure is adjusted to apply the desired volume with the nozzle orifice. A typical orifice diameter is from 0.1 to 5 mm, preferably from 0.5 to 1.5 mm, most preferably from 0.6 to 0.8 mm with a typical pressure from 0.1 to 8 bar, more preferably from 1 to 5 bar and even more preferably from 2 to 3 bar. The concentrated gel is not normally sprayable, as under the aforementioned spray conditions.

[018] The application is not necessarily continuous, but preferably, it is of the trigger type. Each shot is normally 1 to 200 ml in volume, more preferably 2 to 50 ml, most preferably 3 to 20 ml. These quantities per shot are especially suitable for a fruit tree.

[019] Preferably, the application rate is up to 20 L of aqueous gel per hectare of land on which the plants grow. Most preferably, the application rate is up to 10 L / ha, more preferably up to 5 L / ha and even more preferably up to 3 L / ha. Typically, at least 1 L / ha is recommended. In case the aqueous gel is aqueous with water, the application rate mentioned above refers to the amount of the aqueous gel.

[020] The application may be carried out repeatedly. Treatment is usually effective for several weeks. Therefore, the application can be repeated, only after one week, preferably after two weeks and, most preferably, after three weeks.

[021] Normally, the aqueous gel is applied as dots on plants or on a solid article. Suitable plants are any type of cultivated plants or shrubs. Preferably, the plants are fruit trees, such as apple, peach, citrus, olive, cherry and pear trees. Persimmon trees are also examples of fruit trees. Suitable solid articles are panels or plates (for example, made of paper, plastic or wood), which can be hung in areas where pests may be located. Other solid articles are any solid surfaces in a greenhouse. Preferably, the aqueous gel is applied as dots on the plants, most preferably on fruit trees.

[022] Depending on the type of insecticide, the method can be used to control many arthropods, which include insects and arachnids. The method is particularly useful for combating insects, for example, from the following orders:
Lepidoptera (Lepidóptera), for example, Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gama, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Chimaistoneura, Chistoristuraura fumida pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bouliana, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Heliothisis hibiscus, Heliothisis, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lambdina fiscellaria, Laphygma exigua, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocolletis blancardella, Lobesia botrana, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria dispar, Lymantria monyster, Lymantria monacha, Lymantria monacha, Lyon nia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris brassicae, Plathypena scabra, Plutella xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Rhyacionipera fruta, Scrobatoria fruta, Scrobipalia Scrana, Scrha , Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusiani and Zeiraphera canadensis;
Beetles (Coleoptera), for example, Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Aphthona euphoridae, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Bluchtopusus Briper, Bluchtophagus piniperda, Bluchtophausha pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Diatenisbrotica, diatenicbripica, stenicbriposa, Diatenicbriposa, Diabrotica virgifera, Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lemma bilineata, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, limonisilisis, communist, Limonius , Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp., Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Sitillia japonica and Sitillia japonica;
Flies, mosquitoes (Diptera), for example, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes vexans, Anastrepha ludens, Anopheles maculipennis, Anopheles crucians, Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles leucosphusus, Anopheles, anopheles minimis , Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya hominivorax, Chrysomya macellaria, Chrysops discalis, Chrysops silacea, Chrysops atlanticus, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Contarinia sorghicola, Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culexides, Culexides, Culexides, Culexides, Culexides, Culexides, Culexides inornata, Culiseta melanura, Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Delia antique, Delia coarctata, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Dermatobia hominis, Fannia canicularis, Geomyza Tripunctata, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Glossina morsitins, Glossina paluscisinos, Glossina paluscisinos, Glossina palipesis Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris , Hippelates spp., Hylemyia platura, Hypoderma lineata, Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola destructor, Musca domestica, Florina, Oscinella frit, Pegomya hysocyami, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phorbia coarctata, Phlebotomus argentipes, Psorophora columbiae, Psila rosae, Psorophora discolor, Prosimulium mixtum, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Sarcophagaan, Sarcophagaem, Sarcophagaem, Sarcophagaem bovinus, Tabanus atratus, Tabanus lineola, and Tabanus similis, Tipula oleracea, and Tipula paludosa;
Cockroaches (Blatidea), for example, Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinae, Periplaneta threatmericana, Periplaneta japonica, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Periplaneta australasiae and Blatta orientalis;
Ants, bees, wasps, hornets (Hymenoptera), for example, Athalia rosae, Atta cephalotes, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Crematogaster spp., Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa testudinea, Monomorium pharaonis, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis richteri, Solenopsis xyloni, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Pogonomyrmex californicus, Pheidole megacephala, Dasymutilla occidentalis, Bombus spp. Vespula squamosa, Paravespula vulgaris, Paravespula pennsylvanica, Paravespula germanica, Dolichovespula maculata, Wasp crabro, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus and Linepithema humile;
Crickets, locusts, locusts (Ortóptera), for example, Acheta domestica, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Schistocerca graca, Schistocerca graca, Americana Tachycinesasynamorus, Oedaleus senegalensis, Zonozerus variegatus, Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera and Locustana pardalina.

[023] The preferred arthropods are Lepidoptera, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, ants, bees, wasps, hornets, crickets, grasshoppers and locusts. In another embodiment, the arthropods are the Lepidoptera, beetles, cockroaches, ants, bees, wasps, hornets, crickets, grasshoppers and locusts. Preferably, arthropods are Lepidoptera, such as Cydia pomonella (apple bug).

• - organo(tio)fosfatos: acefato, azametifós, azinfós-metila, clorpirifós, clorpirifós-metila, clorfenvinfós, diazinon, diclorvos, dicrotofos, dimetoato, dissulfoton, etiona, fenitrotiona, fentiona, isoxationa, malationa, metamidofós, metidation, paration-metila, mevinfós, monocrotofós, oxidemeton-metila, paraoxon, parationa, fentoato, fosalona, fosmet, fosfamidona, forato, foxima, pirimifós-metila, profenofós, protiofós, sulprofós, tetraclorvinfós, terbufós, triazofós e triclorfon;
• - carbamatos: alanicarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, carbaril, carbofuran, carbosulfan, fenoxicarb, furatiocarb, metiocarb, metomila, oxamila, pirimicarb, propoxur, tiodicarb e triazamato;
• - piretróides: aletrina, bifentrina, ciflutrina, cialotrina, cipermetrina, alfa-cipermetrina, beta-cipermetrina, zeta-cipermetrina, deltametrina, esfenvalerato, etofenprox, fenpropatrina, fenvalerato, imiprotrina, lambda-cialotrina, permetrina, praletrina, piretrina I e II, resmetrina, silafluofem, tau-fluvalinato, teflutrina, tetrametrina, tralometrina, transflutrina e proflutrina, dimeflutrina;
• - reguladores do crescimento dos insetos: a) inibidores da síntese de quitina: benzoiluréias, clorfluazurona, ciramazina, diflubenzurona, flucicloxurona, flufenoxurona, hexaflumurona, lufenurona, novalurona, teflubenzurona, triflumurona; buprofezina, diofenolano, hexitiazox, etoxazol e clofentazina; (b) antagonistas da ecdisona: halofenozida, metoxifenozida, tebufenozida e azadiractina; (c) juvenoides: piriproxifen, metopreno e fenoxicarbe e (d) inibidores da biossíntese de lipídios: espirodiclofeno, espiromesifeno e espirotetramato;
• - compostos agonistas/antagonistas receptores nicotínicos: clotianidina, dinotefuran, imidacloprida, tiametoxam, nitenpiram, acetamiprida, tiacloprida, 1-(2-cloro-tiazol-5-ilmetil) -2-nitrimino-3,5-dimetil-[1,3,5] triazinana;
• - compostos antagonistas GABA: endosulfan, etiprol, fipronila, vaniliprol, pirafluprol, piriprol, amido ácido de 5-amino-1-(2,6-dicloro-4-metil-fenil)-4-sulfinamoil-1 H-pirazol-3-carbotióico;
• - inseticidas lactonas macrocíclicas: abamectina, emamectina, milbemectina, lepimectina, spirosad e spinetoram;
• - inibidor de transporte de elétrons mitocondrial (METI) I acaricidas: fenazaquina, piridabeno, tebufenpirada, tolfenpirada e flufenerim;
• - compostos METI Il e III: acequinocila, fluaciprim e hidrametilnona;
• - compostos desacopladores: clorfenapir;
• - inibidores da fosforilação oxidativa: cihexatina, diafentiuron, óxido de fenbutatin e propargita;
• - compostos disruptores da troca de penas: ciromazina
• - inibidores da oxidase de função mista: butóxido de piperonila;
• - compostos bloqueadores do canal de sódio: indoxacarb e metaflumizona;
• - outros: benclotiaz, bifenazato, cartap, flonicamida, piridalila, pimetrozina, enxôfre, tiociclam, flubendiamida, clorantraniliprol, ciazipir (HGW86), cienopirafen, flupirazofós, ciflumetofen, amidoflumet, imiciafós, bistrifluron e pirifluquinazon.

[024] The term insecticide refers to at least one active substance selected from the group of insecticides and nematicides. The skilled worker is familiar with such insecticides, which can be found, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 14th ed. (2006), The British Crop Protection Council, London. Suitable insecticides are:

• - organo (uncle) phosphates: acephate, azametiphos, azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorfenviphos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotofos, dimetoate, disulfoton, etione, fenitrotiona, fentiona, isoxathila, methationation, metamination, methation , mevinfós, monocrotofós, oxidemeton-methyl, paraoxon, parathione, fentoate, fosalone, fosmet, phosphamidone, phorate, foxima, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofós, protiofós, sulprofós, tetrachlorvinfós, terbufós, triazofós and triclorfon;
• - carbamates: alanicarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, phenoxicarb, furatiocarb, metiocarb, metomyl, oxamyl, pyrimicarb, propoxur, tiodicarb and triazamate;
• - pyrethroids: alethrin, bifentrin, cyflothrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropatrin, fenvalerate, imiprotine, pretretrine, lambethrial, pyrethralin resmethrin, silafluofem, tau-fluvalinate, teflutrin, tetramethrin, tralometrine, transflutrin and proflutrin, dimeflutrin;
• - insect growth regulators: a) chitin synthesis inhibitors: benzoylureas, chlorfluazurone, ciramazine, diflubenzurone, flucicloxurone, flufenoxurone, hexaflumurone, lufenurone, novalurone, teflubenzurone, triflumurone; buprofezin, diophenolane, hexitiazox, ethoxazole and clofentazine; (b) ecdysone antagonists: halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide and azadiractin; (c) juvenoids: pyriproxifen, methoprene and phenoxycarb and (d) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors: spirodiclofen, spiromesifene and spirotetramate;
• - nicotinic receptor agonist / antagonist compounds: clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpiram, acetamipride, thiaclopride, 1- (2-chloro-thiazol-5-ylmethyl) -2-nitrimino-3,5-dimethyl- [1,3 , 5] triazinan;
• - GABA antagonistic compounds: endosulfan, etiprol, fipronil, vaniliprol, pirafluprol, pyriprol, 5-amino-1- (2,6-dichloro-4-methyl-phenyl) -4-sulfinamoyl-1 H-pyrazol-3 acid starch -carbothioic;
• - macrocyclic lactone insecticides: abamectin, emamectin, milbemectin, lepimectin, spirosad and spinetoram;
• - mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor (METI) I acaricides: phenazaquin, pyridaben, tebufenpirada, tolfenpirada e flufenerim;
• - METI II and III compounds: acequinocila, fluaciprim and hydramethylnone;
• - decoupling compounds: chlorfenapyr;
• - inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation: cyhexatin, diafentiuron, fenbutatin oxide and propargite;
• - feather-disrupting compounds: cyromazine
• - mixed function oxidase inhibitors: piperonyl butoxide;
• - sodium channel blocking compounds: indoxacarb and metaflumizone;
• - others: benclothiaz, biphenazate, cartap, flonicamide, pyridalil, pimetrozina, sulfur, thiocyclam, flubendiamide, clorantraniliprol, ciazipir (HGW86), cienopirafen, flupirazofós, ciflumetofen, amidoflazone

[025] The preferred insecticides are pyrethroids, sodium channel blockers and / or uncouplers. Preferred insecticides are alpha-pipermethrin, metaflumizone and / or chlorfenapyr. The insecticide can be present in any form, such as dissolved, emulsified, suspended or encapsulated. Preferably, the insecticide is suspended or encapsulated.

[026] The concentration of the insecticide depends largely on its insecticidal activity against insects. Therefore, a subject technician will select an appropriate concentration based on the insecticidal activity and official standards of national organizations. For example, the concentrated gel comprises from 0.01 to 30% by weight of the insecticide, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight. For example, the aqueous gel comprises from 0.001 to 15% by weight of the insecticide, more preferably from 0.01 to 8% by weight.

[027] Attractants are non-pesticidal materials that can act in one or several of the following ways: (a) attract the insect to approach the composition or the material treated with the composition; (b) attracting the insect to touch the composition or the material treated with the composition; (c) attracting the insect to consume the composition or material treated with the composition, and (d) attracting the insect to return to the composition or material treated with the composition. Suitable attractions include non-food attractions and food attractions, also called food stimulants.

[028] Stimulants can be included in any form, such as in solid or liquid form. It is also possible to include the encapsulated attractions. Several known encapsulation techniques can be used to encapsulate attractions, such as semi-chemicals. For example, patent EP 0.141.584 describes microcapsules in which the shell contains a polymer (for example, polymethylmethacrylates) and the core contains a biologically active (for example, cod bait); or WO 98/45036 describes microcapsules with a polyurea or polyurethane shell, in which a pheromone (for example, codlemone) is encapsulated. Typically, the capsule shell comprises a polymethacrylate or a polyurethane, with polymethacrylate being preferred.

[029] Polymethacrylate is a known encapsulating material, for example from WO 2008/071649, EP 0.457.154 or DE 10/2007/055813. Typically, the polymethacrylate comprises the C1-C24 alkyl esters of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and / or maleic acid in polymerized form. Preferably, the polymethacrylate comprises methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid. The polymethacrylate can also comprise, in polymerized form, one or more difunctional or polyfunctional monomers. Polymethacrylate can also comprise other monomers.

• - 30 a 100% em peso, com base no peso total dos monômeros, de um ou mais monômeros (monômeros I) a partir do grupo que consiste em ésteres de alquila C1-C24 do ácido acrílico e/ou metacrílico, ácido acrílico, ácido metacrílico, e/ou ácido maleico,
• - 10 a 70% em peso, com base no peso total dos monômeros, de um ou mais monômeros difuncionais ou polifuncionais (monômeros II), e
• - 0 a 40% em peso, com base no peso total dos monômeros, de um ou mais outros monômeros (monômeros III).

[030] Preferably, the polymer polymethacrylate is synthesized from

• - 30 to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers, of one or more monomers (monomers I) from the group consisting of C1-C24 alkyl esters of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic, and / or maleic acid,
• - 10 to 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers, of one or more difunctional or polyfunctional monomers (monomers II), and
• - 0 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers, of one or more other monomers (monomers III).

[031] Capsules with encapsulating material comprising a polyurethane are well known and can be prepared by analogy with the prior art. They are preferably prepared by means of an interfacial polymerization process of a polymer wall suitable for forming the material. Interfacial polymerization is usually carried out in an aqueous water-in-oil emulsion or suspension of the core material that contains at least part of the polymer wall for the formation of the material dissolved in it. During polymerization, the polymer secretes from the core material to the boundary surface between the core material and the water, thereby forming the microcapsule wall. Therefore, an aqueous suspension of the microcapsule material is obtained. Suitable methods for interfacial polymerization processes for the preparation of microcapsules containing the pesticide compounds have been described in the prior art, for example, US 3,577,515, US 4,280,833, US 5,049,182, US 5,229 .122, US 5,310,721, US 5,705,174, US 5,910,314, WO 95/13698, WO 00/10392, WO 01/68234, WO 03/099005, EP 619,073 or EP 1,109,450, for which it is full reference made ..

• - isocianato polifuncional/álcool polifuncional,
• - isocianato polifuncional/amina polifuncional e
• - isocianato polifuncional + ácido polifuncional ou cloreto de ácido/amina polifuncional.

[032] The wall suitable for forming materials for polyurethane capsules preferably includes 2 or 3 component systems, such as

• - polyfunctional isocyanate / polyfunctional alcohol,
• - polyfunctional isocyanate / polyfunctional amine and
• - polyfunctional isocyanate + polyfunctional acid or polyfunctional acid / amine chloride.

[033] Preferably, polyurethane comprises polyfunctional isocyanate (also called polyisocyanate) and polyfunctional amine (also called polyamine) in polymerized form.

[034] It is also known, that an isocyanate group can react with water to a group of carbamic acid, which in turn can eliminate carbon dioxide to finally obtain an amine group. In a further embodiment, the 2-component polyfunctional isocyanate / polyfunctional amine system can be prepared by reacting the polyfunctional isocyanate with water.

[035] In general, polyurethane is formed by reacting a polyisocyanate, containing at least two isocyanate groups with a polyamine with at least two primary amino groups, optionally in the presence of a polyfunctional acid chloride, to form a wall material of polyurea. Polyisocyanates can be used individually or as mixtures of two or more polyisocyanates. Polyisocyanates that are suitable for use include di- and triisocyanates, in which the isocyanate groups are attached to an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic portion (aliphatic isocyanates) or to an aromatic portion (aromatic isocyanates).

[036] Polyamines suitable within the scope of the present invention will be understood to mean, in general, those compounds that contain two or more amino groups in the molecule, that the amino groups may be attached to the aliphatic or aromatic moieties. Suitable examples of aliphatic polyamines are α, ω-diamines

• - os semioquímicos, tais como os feromônios, em particular os feromônios sexuais e feromônios de agregação, cairomônios e
• - os sabores de origem natural ou sintética.

[037] Suitable non-food attractions are usually volatile materials. Volatile lures act as bait and their types will depend on the pest to be controlled in a known way. Non-food attractions include:

• - semiochemicals, such as pheromones, in particular sexual pheromones and aggregation pheromones, keromones and
• - flavors of natural or synthetic origin.

[038] Suitable semiochemicals can be taken, for example, by TD Wyatt, Pheromones and Animal Behavior: Communication by Smell and Taste, Cambridge 2003: Cambridge University Press. Examples include the alkanols and volatile alkanols containing from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, the alkanols and volatile alkanols containing from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, the alkanones containing from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, 1,7-dioxaspirononan and 3- or 4-hydroxy-1,7-dioxaspiroundecan, benzyl alcohol, Z- (9) -tricosene (muscalare), hyeneicosene, diacetyl, alkanoic acids containing from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, such as caprylic acid, lauryl acid, a -pinen, methylenephenol, ethyldodecanoate, tert-butyl carboxylate 4- (or 5-) chloro-2-ethylcyclohexane, micrenone, cucurbitacin, trimedlure (commercially available as Capilure®), and (E, E) -8, 10-Dodecadien -1-ol (codlemone). In a preferred embodiment, the attractant is a semiochemical, such as a pheromone.

[039] Suitable flavors include meat flavor, yeast flavor, seafood flavor, milk flavor, butter flavor, cheese flavor, onion flavor and fruit flavors such as apple flavors, peach, banana, blackberry, cherry, raisin, currant, grape, grapefruit, raspberry and strawberry.

• - as proteínas, que incluem as proteínas animais e proteínas vegetais, por exemplo, na forma de farinha de carne, farinha de peixe, extratos de peixes, frutos do mar, extratos de frutos do mar, ou farinha de sangue, partes de insetos, pó de grilos, extratos de levedura, gema de ovo, hidrolisados proteicos, autolisados de levedura, hidrolisados de glúten, e similares;
• - os carboidratos e carboidratos hidrogenados, em particular o mono- e dissacarídeos, tal como a glicose, arabinose, frutose, sacarose, manose, lactose, galactose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetrose, maltopentose ou suas misturas, tais como o melaço, xarope de milho, xarope de bordo, açúcar invertido e mel; os polissacarídeos que incluem o amido, tais como o amido de batata, amido de milho, e materiais à base de amido, tais como os pós à base de cereais (por exemplo, o pó de trigo, pó de milho, pó de malte, pó de arroz, farelo de arroz), pectinas, e glicerol, mono e oligossacarídeos hidrogenados (alcoóis de açúcar), tais como o xilitol, sorbitol, manitol, isomaltolose, trealose e maltitol, bem como os xaropes contendo o maltitol;
• - as gorduras e óleos, tais como os óleos vegetais, por exemplo, o óleo de milho, óleo de oliva, óleo de alcaravia, óleo de linhaça, óleo de canola, óleo de amendoim, óleo de semente de colza, óleo de sésamo, óleo de soja, óleo de girassol, as gorduras e os óleos de origem animal, tais como o óleo a base de peixe, e também os ácidos graxos derivados a partir das gorduras e óleos acima mencionados. Um óleo vegetal mais adequado é o óleo de coco.

[040] Suitable food stimulants include:

• - proteins, which include animal proteins and plant proteins, for example, in the form of meat meal, fish meal, fish extracts, seafood, seafood extracts, or blood meal, insect parts, crickets powder, yeast extracts, egg yolk, protein hydrolysates, yeast autolysates, gluten hydrolysates, and the like;
• - hydrogenated carbohydrates and carbohydrates, in particular mono- and disaccharides, such as glucose, arabinose, fructose, sucrose, mannose, lactose, galactose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetrose, maltopentose or mixtures thereof, such as molasses, syrup corn, maple syrup, inverted sugar and honey; polysaccharides that include starch, such as potato starch, corn starch, and starch-based materials, such as cereal-based powders (for example, wheat powder, corn powder, malt powder, rice powder, rice bran), pectins, and glycerol, mono- and hydrogenated oligosaccharides (sugar alcohols), such as xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, isomaltolose, trehalose and maltitol, as well as syrups containing maltitol;
• - fats and oils, such as vegetable oils, for example, corn oil, olive oil, caraway oil, linseed oil, canola oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, animal fats and oils, such as fish-based oil, and also fatty acids derived from the fats and oils mentioned above. A more suitable vegetable oil is coconut oil.

[041] The aforementioned attractions may also be present in the form of complex mixtures comprising volatile materials and food stimulants, such as fruit juices, fruit syrups, and fruit extracts (for example, apple extracts , which may contain glucose, fructose and fruit acids), the decomposing parts of organic materials, such as the decomposing parts of fruits, crops, plants, animals, insects or specific parts thereof.

[042] The concentration of the attractant depends strongly on its attractive activity for insects. Therefore, a subject technician will select an appropriate concentration based on the attractive activity. For example, the concentrated gel comprises from 0.0001 to 10% by weight of the attractant, preferably from 0.001 to 1% by weight. For example, the aqueous gel comprises from 0.0001 to 5% by weight of the attractant, preferably from 0.001 to 1% by weight.

[043] Suitable antifoaming agents include polysiloxanes, such as polydimethylsiloxane and waxes. The amount of the defoamer usually does not exceed 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. Typically, the defoamer can be present in the concentrated gel in amounts ranging from 0.001 to 1% by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 0.8% by weight.

[044] Suitable humectants are glycerol, glucose, sorbitol, fructose, propylene glycol, glucitol, polyethylene glycol (molecular weight preferably less than 3,000 g / mol), sodium lactate, potassium lactate, calcium lactate, maltitol, polydextrose, and inverted sugar. The most preferred humectant is glycerol. The amount of humectant does not normally exceed 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the concentrated gel. Normally, the humectant can be present in the concentrated gel in amounts ranging from 1 to 40% by weight, preferably from 5 to 30% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 25% by weight. Normally, the humectant can be present in the aqueous gel in amounts ranging from 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 2 to 15% by weight and, most preferably, from 3 to 10% by weight .

[045] Suitable thickeners include inorganic thickeners, such as clays, hydrated magnesium silicates and, preferably, organic thickeners. Suitable organic thickeners are polysaccharide gums (for example, gellan gum, jelutong gum, xanthan gum, guar gum, arabic gum, tragacanth gum, karia gum, tara gum, locust bean gum, agar agar, carrageenan, alginic acid, alginates (for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, or calcium)), starch and its derivatives, water-soluble synthetic polymer thickener (for example, anionic or neutral copolymers based on vinyl alcohol, acrylic acid and its salts, acid methacrylic and its salts, acrylamide, vinylpyrrolidone, styrene and maleic acid anhydride; cationic copolymers, for example, based on cationic vinylimidazolium monomers), water-soluble peptides (such as casein or gelatin), and cellulose derivatives (such as carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose). Mixtures of any of the aforementioned thickeners are also suitable. Among the thickeners of water-soluble synthetic polymers are preferably those which comprise less than 5 mol%, more preferably less than 0.5 mol% of acrylic acid and its salts, or methacrylic acid and its salts.

[046] Preferred thickeners are polysaccharide gums, starch and its derivatives, water-soluble peptides, cellulose derivatives, and water-soluble synthetic polymer thickener. The most preferred thickeners are polysaccharide gums and cellulose derivatives.

[047] The amount of thickener in the aqueous gel depends on the thickener capacity of the respective thickener. Therefore, a person skilled in the art will select an appropriate amount of thickener that is required for the preparation of an aqueous gel. Normally, the concentrated gel comprises up to 15% by weight of the thickener. Preferably, the concentrated gel comprises from 0.1 to 25% by weight of the thickener, more preferably from 0.5 to 15% by weight and, even more preferably, from 1.0 to 10% in weight. Typically, the aqueous gel comprises up to 8% by weight of the thickener. Preferably, the aqueous gel comprises from 0.01 to 12% by weight of the thickener and, more preferably, from 0.1 to 8% by weight and, most preferably, from 0.5 to 5% by weight.

[048] In a preferred embodiment, the aqueous gel and the concentrated gel contain less than 1% by weight of the synthetic polymeric thickeners, preferably less than 0.1% by weight. Most preferably, it is an aqueous gel and a concentrated gel that are free of synthetic polymeric thickening agents.

[049] Preservatives suitable for preventing microbial deterioration of the formulations of the present invention include formaldehyde, alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, sodium benzoate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, o-phenylphenol , thiazolinones, such as benzisothiazolinone, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone, pentachlorophenol, 2,4-dichloro-benzyl alcohol and mixtures thereof. The amount of preservatives does not normally exceed 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous solution and the concentrated gel.

[050] Suitable repellents may be present to prevent absorption by vertebrates, such as birds, amphibians, reptiles or warm-blooded animals, in particular humans. Suitable repellents are bitterness agents, such as denatonium benzoate (N-benzyl-2- (2,6-dimethyl-phenylamino) -N, N-diethyl-2 oxoethanamino benzoate) and hot substances such as pepper Guinea.

• (A) os benzotriazois, tais como o 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-il)-4,6-bis(1-metil-1-feniletil)-fenol (Tinuvin® 900, CIBA AG), [3-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-il)-5-(1,1-dimetil-etil)-4-hidroxifenil]-1-oxopropil]-w-[3-[3-(2Hbenzotriazol-2-il)-5-(1,1 -dimetil-etil)-4-hidroxifenil]-1 -oxopropoxi]poli(oxi-1,2-etanodiilo) (Tinuvin® 1.130, CIBA AG) 6-terc.-butil-2-(5-cloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-il)-4-metilfenol, 2,4-di-terc-butil-6-(5-cloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-il)-fenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-il)-4,6-di-terc.-pentylphenol,2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-il)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetrametilbutil)-fenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-il)-4-metilfenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-il)-4,6-bis(1-metil-1 -feniletil)fenol;
• (B) os derivados de cianoacrilato, tais como o 2-ciano-3-fenilcinnamate etil (Uvinul® 3035, BASF SE), 2-ciano-3,3-difenilacrílico éster ácido-2'-etilhexil ou 2-etil-hexil-2-ciano-3-fenilcinamato (octocrileno, Uvinul® 539 T, Uvinul 3039, BASF SE);
• (C) os derivados ácidos para-aminobenzoico (PABA), especialmente os ésteres, tais como o etil-PABA, PABA etoxilado, etil-di-hidroxipropil-PABA, Glicerol-PABA, 2-etil-hexil-4-(dimetilamino)benzoato (Uvinul® MC 80), 2-octil 4-(dimetilamino)-benzoato, amil 4-(dimetilamino)benzoato, éster polietoxietil ácido benzoico 4-bis(polietoxi)4-amino benzoico (Uvinul® P 25, BASF SE);
• (D) os ésteres de ácido salicílico, tais como o salicilato de 2-etilhexilo, salicilato de 4-isopropilbenzil, salicilato de homomentil, salicilato de TEA (Neo Heliopan® TS, Haarmann and Reimer), salicilato de dipropilenoglicol;
• (E) os ésteres de ácido cinâmico, tais como o 2-etilhexil 4-metoxicinamato (Uvinul® MC 80), octil-p-metoxicinamato, 4-metoxicinamato de propil, 4-metoxicinamato de isoamilo, conoxate, metilcinamato de diisopropila, etocrileno (Uvinul® N 35, BASF SE);
• (F) os derivados de benzofenona, tais como o 2-hidroxi-4-metoxibenzofenona (Uvinul® M 40, BASF SE), 2-hidroxi-4-metoxi-4'-metilbenzofenona, 2,2'-dihidroxi-4-metoxibenzofenona, hexiléster ácido do 2-(4-dietilamino-2-hidroxibenzoil)-benzoico (Uvinul® Plus, BASF SE), 4-n-octiloxi-2-hidroxi-benzofenona (Uvinul® 3008, BASF SE), derivados do 2-hidroxibenzofenona, tais como o 4-hidroxi-, 4-metoxi-, 4-octiloxi-, 4-deciloxi-, 4-dodeciloxi-, 4-benziloxi-, 4,2',4'-trihidroxi-, 2'-hidroxi-4, 4'-dimetoxi-2-hidroxibenzofenona;
• (G) os derivados do ácido sulfônico de benzofenonas, tais como o ácido de 2-hidroxi-4-methoxibenzo-fenona-5-sulfônico (Uvinul® MS 40, BASF SE) e seus sais, ácido do 2,2'-dihidroxi-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone-5,5'-sulfônico e os seus sais (sal dissódico: Uvinul® DS 49, BASF SE);
• (H) o 3-benzilidenocânfora e seus derivados, tais como o 3-(4'-metilbenzilideno) d-1-cânfora, ácido sulfônico benzilidene cânfora (Mexoryl® SO, Chimex);
• (I) os derivados do ácido sulfônico de 3-benzilidenocânfora, tais como o ácido 4-(2-oxo-3-bornilo-idenemetil) benzenossulfônico e 2-metil-5-(2-oxo-3-bornilidene)sulfônico e seus sais;
• (J) os ésteres do ácido benzalmalônico, tais como o 2-etilhexil 4-metoxibenzmalonate;
• (K) os derivados da triazina, tais como a dioctilbutamidotriazona (Uvasorb® HB, Sigma), 2,4,6-trinanilino-p-(carbo-2'-etil-hexil-1'-oxy)-1,3,5-triazina (Uvinul® T 150, BASF SE), 2-[4-[(2-Hidroxi-3-(2'-etil)hexil)oxi]-2-hidroxifenil]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetilfenil)-1,3,5-triazina (Tinuvin® 405, CIBA AG), anisotriazina (Tinosorb® S, CIBA AG),2,4,6-tris(diisobutilo 4'-aminobenzalmalonate)-s-triazina;
• (L) o propano-1,3-dionas, tais como, o 1-(4-terc-butilfenil) -3-(4'-metoxifenil)-propano-1,3-diona;
• (M) o ácido de-2-fenilbenzimidazol-5-sulfônico ou ácido de 2-fenilbenzimidazol-4-sulfônico e metal alcalino, metal alcalino-terroso, amônio, alquilamônio, alcanolamônio, glucamônio e seus sais.
• (N) os derivados do benzoilmetano, tais como, o 1-(4'-terc-butilfenil) -3-(4'-metoxi-fenil)-propano-1,3-diona, 4-terc-butil-4'-metoxidibenzoilmetano ou 1 -fenil-3-(4'-isopropilfenil)-propano-1,3-diona;
• (O) os derivados do aminohidroxi substituído de benzofenonas, tais como o N, N-dietil-aminohidroxibenzoil-n-hexilbenzoato; e
• (P) os absorvedores inorgânicos, por exemplo, com base no ZnO (por exemplo, produtos Z-Cote®, BASF SE), TiO2 (por exemplo, produtos T-Lite™, BASF SE) ou CeO2, e
• (Q) as misturas de filtros UV dos grupos de (A) a (O), tais como uma mistura do éster etilhexilo ácido p-metoxicinâmico (65%) e hexilester ácido do 2-(4-dietilamino-2-hidroxibenzoil) benzoico (35%) (Uvinul® A Plus B, BASF SE).

[051] Suitable UV filters can be chosen from the following groups:

• (A) benzotriazoles, such as 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4,6-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) -phenol (Tinuvin® 900, CIBA AG), [3- [ 3- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -5- (1,1-dimethyl-ethyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl] -1-oxopropyl] -w- [3- [3- (2Hbenzotriazol-2-yl) - 5- (1,1-dimethyl-ethyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl] -1-oxopropoxy] poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) (Tinuvin® 1.130, CIBA AG) 6-terc.-butyl-2- (5 -chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-methylphenol, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6- (5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -phenol, 2- (2H-benzotriazole -2-yl) -4,6-di-terc.-pentylphenol, 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -phenol, 2- (2H- benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-methylphenol, 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4,6-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) phenol;
• (B) cyanoacrylate derivatives, such as ethyl 2-cyano-3-phenylcinnamate (Uvinul® 3035, BASF SE), 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylic acid-2'-ethylhexyl or 2-ethylhexyl ester -2-cyano-3-phenylcinnamate (octocrylene, Uvinul® 539 T, Uvinul 3039, BASF SE);
• (C) para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives (PABA), especially esters, such as ethyl-PABA, ethoxylated PABA, ethyl-dihydroxypropyl-PABA, Glycerol-PABA, 2-ethyl-hexyl-4- (dimethylamino) benzoate (Uvinul® MC 80), 2-octyl 4- (dimethylamino) -benzoate, amyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate, polyethoxy ethyl benzoic acid 4-bis (polyethoxy) 4-amino benzoic acid (Uvinul® P 25, BASF SE) ;
• (D) salicylic acid esters, such as 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 4-isopropylbenzyl salicylate, homomentyl salicylate, TEA salicylate (Neo Heliopan® TS, Haarmann and Reimer), dipropylene glycol salicylate;
• (E) cinnamic acid esters, such as 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate (Uvinul® MC 80), octyl-p-methoxycinnamate, propyl 4-methoxycinnamate, isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate, conoxate, diisopropyl methylcinnamate, ethylene (Uvinul® N 35, BASF SE);
• (F) benzophenone derivatives, such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (Uvinul® M 40, BASF SE), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4- methoxybenzophenone, 2- (4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl) -benzoic acid hexylester (Uvinul® Plus, BASF SE), 4-n-octyloxy-2-hydroxy-benzophenone (Uvinul® 3008, BASF SE), derivatives of 2 -hydroxybenzophenone, such as 4-hydroxy-, 4-methoxy-, 4-octyloxi-, 4-decyloxi-, 4-dodecyloxi-, 4-benzyloxi-, 4,2 ', 4'-trihydroxy-, 2'- hydroxy-4, 4'-dimethoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;
• (G) benzophenone sulfonic acid derivatives, such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxibenzo-phenone-5-sulfonic acid (Uvinul® MS 40, BASF SE) and its salts, 2,2'-dihydroxy acid -4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone-5,5'-sulfonic and its salts (disodium salt: Uvinul® DS 49, BASF SE);
• (H) 3-benzylidenocamphor and its derivatives, such as 3- (4'-methylbenzylidene) d-1-camphor, camphor benzylidene sulfonic acid (Mexoryl® SO, Chimex);
• (I) 3-benzylidene camphor sulfonic acid derivatives, such as 4- (2-oxo-3-bornyl-idenemethyl) benzenesulfonic and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bornylidene) sulfonic acid and their salts;
• (J) benzalmalonic acid esters, such as 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxybenzmalonate;
• (K) triazine derivatives, such as dioctylbutamidotriazone (Uvasorb® HB, Sigma), 2,4,6-trinanilino-p- (carbo-2'-ethyl-hexyl-1'-oxy) -1,3, 5-triazine (Uvinul® T 150, BASF SE), 2- [4 - [(2-Hydroxy-3- (2'-ethyl) hexyl) oxy] -2-hydroxyphenyl] -4,6-bis (2, 4-dimethylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine (Tinuvin® 405, CIBA AG), anisotriazine (Tinosorb® S, CIBA AG), 2,4,6-tris (diisobutyl 4'-aminobenzalmalonate) -s-triazine;
• (L) propane-1,3-diones, such as 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) -propane-1,3-dione;
• (M) de-2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid or 2-phenylbenzimidazole-4-sulfonic acid and alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium, glucammonium and its salts.
• (N) benzoylmethane derivatives, such as 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxy-phenyl) -propane-1,3-dione, 4-tert-butyl-4 ' -methoxydibenzoylmethane or 1-phenyl-3- (4'-isopropylphenyl) -propane-1,3-dione;
• (O) benzophenone-substituted aminohydroxy derivatives, such as N, N-diethyl-aminohydroxybenzoyl-n-hexylbenzoate; and
• (P) inorganic absorbers, for example, based on ZnO (for example, Z-Cote® products, BASF SE), TiO2 (for example, T-Lite ™ products, BASF SE) or CeO2, and
• (Q) mixtures of UV filters from groups (A) to (O), such as a mixture of p-methoxykinnamic acid ethylhexyl ester (65%) and 2- (4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl) benzoic acid hexylester (35%) (Uvinul® A Plus B, BASF SE).

[052] Preferred UV filters are derived from benzophenone, most preferably those derived from 2-hydroxybenzophenone and, most preferably, 4-n-octyloxy-2-hydroxy-benzophenone.

[053] The amount of UV filter in the aqueous gel depends on the UV filtering capacity of the respective UV filter. Therefore, a person skilled in the art will select an appropriate amount of UV filter that is recommended to achieve reasonable UV filtering activity. Normally, the concentrated gel comprises up to 15% by weight of the UV filter. Preferably, the concentrated gel comprises from 0.01 to 15% by weight of the UV filter, more preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight and most preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight . Typically, the aqueous gel comprises up to 10% by weight of the UV filter. Preferably, the aqueous gel comprises from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the UV filter, more preferably from 0.1 to 5% by weight and even more preferably, from 0.3 to 3% by weight .

[054] The present invention also relates to an aqueous gel comprising an insecticide, an attractant, a thickener, a humectant and a food stimulant. Preferred suitable rheological parameters, insecticides, attractions, thickeners, humectants and food stimulants are as defined above. The food stimulant also belongs to the attractions. Therefore, the aqueous gel comprises two different attractions, at least one of which is selected from food stimulants.

[055] Such an aqueous gel is advantageous for the method according to the present invention. Preferably, the aqueous gel comprises from 0.01 to 20% by weight of the thickener, from 0.5 to 30% by weight of the humectant, and from 0.01 to 40% by weight of the food stimulant. Most preferably, the aqueous gel comprises from 0.05 to 10% by weight of the thickener, from 5 to 30% by weight of the humectant and from 0.5 to 25% by weight of the food stimulant. Most preferably, the aqueous gel comprises 0.3 to 5% by weight of the thickener, 2 to 10% by weight of the humectant, and 1 to 15% by weight of the food stimulant.

[056] The present invention also relates to a concentrated gel to prepare the aqueous gel according to the present invention by diluting it with water in a weight ratio of the concentrated gel / water in a range of 3/1 to 1/10 . Normally, the concentrated gel comprises an insecticide, an attractant, a thickener, a humectant and a food stimulant. Preferably, the concentrated gel comprises from 0.01 to 25% by weight of the thickener, from 1 to 40% by weight of the humectant, and from 0.1 to 50% by weight of the food stimulant. Preferably, the concentrated gel comprises from 0.1 to 15% by weight of the thickener, from 5 to 30% by weight of the humectant, and from 1 to 30% by weight of the food stimulant. Most preferably, the concentrated gel comprises 0.5 to 8% by weight of the thickener, 10 to 20% by weight of the humectant, and 1 to 15% by weight of the food stimulant.

[057] The aqueous gel and the concentrated gel according to the present invention can be prepared using the usual methods for preparing gels. The components are usually mixed with stirring. Usually, agitation equipment is used, which is suitable for agitating the viscous composition. The mixture can be achieved at a temperature from 50 to 100 ° C.

[058] Both the method and the aqueous and concentrated gels, according to the present invention, have several advantages: There is less residue due to the punctual application compared to a manual application on most of the plant. There is only low evaporation of water and low active disclosure from the aqueous gel applied due to the point application. The appeal allows for a very localized application. There is a smaller slope due to punctual application. The viscous texture of the aqueous gel does not allow tilting. There is a water saving, due to the low volume rate of the application. There is an increase in the residual activity of the insecticide due to the UV filter. Worker exposure and environmental impact are reduced due to the target concept. There is little impact on beneficial, non-target organisms. Thickeners are biodegradable or of natural origin. The aqueous gel is easy to spray (especially at pressures between 2 and 5 bar) and adheres very well to the plant's surface (corresponding to high retention).

[059] The present invention is still illustrated, but is not limited to the following examples.

EXAMPLES MATERIALS

[060] Rhodigel® easy: xanthan gum, granulated powder, loss through drying from 8 to 14% by weight, viscosity from 1,200 to 1,600 mPa.s (24 ° C, 1% KCI, Brookfield LVT, 60 rpm, shaft 3); commercially available from Rhodia.

[061] Culminal® MHPC: methylhydroxypropylcellulose, granulated powder, viscosity from 58,000 to 70,000 mPa.s (2% of the solution), completely water-soluble; commercially available from Hercules Aqualon.

[062] Synergen® Y02: hydrophobically modified copolymer based on acrylamide methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), neutralized with ammonia, powder, viscosity from 35,000 to 50,000 mPa.s (1% by weight of the aqueous solution, Brookfield visometer, 20 rpm, 20 ° C), 5% by weight of water content; pH 5 to 6 (1% by weight of the aqueous solution); commercially available from Clariant.

[063] Kelcogel® F: gellan gum, powder, water-soluble; commercially available from CP. Kelco.

[064] Kelcosol® NF: alginic acid, sodium salt, powder, viscosity from 1,000 to 1,500 mPa.s (1% of the solution), 7 to 15% weight loss through drying, pH 6, from 4 to 8 (1% of the aqueous solution); commercially available from CP. Kelco.

[065] Genuvisco® CL-123: carrageenan, powder, water-soluble, 10% loss through drying, gel strength from 60 to 85 g (1.4%); commercially available from CP. Kelco.

[066] Luvigel® Advanced: polyquaternium-86 (vinylpyrrolidone copolymer, vinylimidazole, 3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium chloride and methacrylic acid; cross-linked; CAS 935.522-29-5), powder; commercially available from BASF SE.

[067] Aquasorb® 3,500S: crosslinked copolymer of acrylamide and potassium acrylate; dry matter of 85 to 90%, pH 8.1 in water; commercially available from SNF Floerger.

[068] Luviset® Clear: N-vinylpyrrolidone, methacrylamide and N-vinyl-imidazole copolymer, Mw: 270,000 g / mol, 20% solid content, 700 to 2,000 mPa.s viscosity (Brookfield, Sp 4, 20 rpm at 23 ° C); commercially available from BASF SE.

EXAMPLE 1 - PREPARATION OF CONCENTRATED GEL

[069] 100 g of each concentrated gel was prepared at room temperature by mixing, stirring 16.14 g of a suspension concentrate comprising 60 g / L of alpha -ipermethrin, 5.0 g of sucrose (a food stimulant), 5 , 0 g of apple extract (a dark brown syrup made from dried and extracted apples, comprising fructose, glucose, sorbitol, and apple flavor), 0.2 g of preservative, 15.0 g of glycerol ( a humectant) and water. After these compounds were homogenized, 2.0 g of 2-hydroxy-4- (octyloxy) benzophenone (a UV filter) and thickener (see Table 1 for quantities) were added, with stirring. The final viscosity of the gel was determined at 20 ° C at 100 rpm. Any type of attraction for arthropods can be added to this model gel.

EXAMPLE 2 - PREPARATION OF CONCENTRATED GEL

[070] 100 g of each concentrated gel was prepared at room temperature by mixing, shaking 6.2 g of a suspension concentrate comprising 100 g / L of alpha -ipermethrin, 5.0 g of sucrose (a food stimulant), 10 , 0 g of Buminal® (protein hydrolyzate by Bayer Crop Science), 0.2 g of preservative, 15.0 g of glycerol (a humectant), 5.0 g of Capilure® (attractive based on trimedlure, also known such as t-butyl-4 (or 5) -chloro-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate, CAS. 12.002-53-8), and water. After these compounds were homogenized, 2.0 g of 2-hydroxy-4- (octyloxy) benzophenone (a UV filter) and thickener (see table 2 for quantities) were added, with stirring.

EXAMPLE 3 - ADHESIVENESS ON SHEETS

[071] The adhesiveness of the leaves of the apple trees at different angles of inclination was tested with all the gels of Example 1 (aqueous with 2 parts by weight of water) at room temperature. All points of the gel adhered to the sheet in the spray application without sliding or flowing for more than an hour, even if the angle of inclination of the sheet surface was 60 ° or greater.

EXAMPLE 4 - BIOLOGICAL TESTS

[072] In a citrus orchard in Spain, the control of Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) was tested by assessing the attractiveness of the gel formulation applied to the green sticky plates located on citrus trees and by controlling the reduction of the population of Ceratitis capitata in the orchard. The orchard was divided into four zones (each with about 0.8 ha and about 300 citrus trees). The test was carried out in late August. The usual flow of the Ceratitis fly was from southeast to northwest. Therefore, in each zone, an entrance trap was installed at the southeastern border, and an exit trap was installed at the northwest border. In each zone, four green sticky panels were installed and evenly distributed throughout the zone.

[073] CO zone: control, without treatment.

[074] Zone C1: control, each tree, and the four panels treated with Spintor® CEBO (aqueous formulation containing 0.02% by weight of spinosad, sugars, proteins and plant extracts, commercially available from Dow Agrosciences). The total application rate in zone C1 was 7.5 L / ha of the aqueous spray mixture, which was prepared by diluting the Splintor® with water in a 1: 5 ratio. Each tree and panels were treated with about 17.9 ml of the spray mixture.

[075] Zone A: each tree, and the four panels treated with the gel. The total application rate in zone A was 3.0 L / ha of the aqueous spray mixture, which was prepared by diluting the concentrated gel of Example 2C with water in a 1: 3 ratio. Each tree and panels were treated with about 7.2 mL of the spray mixture and applied as an irregular line point.

[076] Zone B: each second row (that is, only 50% of the trees in this zone) and the four panels treated with the gel. The total application rate in zone B was 3.0 L / ha of the aqueous spray mixture, which was prepared by diluting the concentrated gel of Example 2C with water in a 1: 3 ratio. Each second tree and panels were treated with about 14.4 ml of the spray mixture and applied as an irregular line point.

a) comparativa, não de acordo com a presente invenção.

(a) comparativa, não de acordo com a presente invenção.[077] During several days after treatment (DAT), the number of flies caught in the panels and in the entry and exit traps was counted.

a) comparative, not according to the present invention.

(a) comparative, not according to the present invention.

[078] In conclusion, in general, there was a large population of flies at the beginning of the experiments. A good reduction in the fly population in the treated areas was demonstrated by the difference in the entry / exit traps in Table 4. This was achieved through the high attraction of the gel bait, according to the present invention, which attracted and killed a large number of flies. It was also possible to reduce the number of trees treated to 50% and still achieve a greater reduction in flies compared to products on the market. This allows a faster treatment of the orchard in a shorter time and with less work effort.
EXAMPLE 5 - PREPARATION OF CONCENTRATE GEL CONTAINING MICROCapsules
(A) Preparation of microcapsules
Aqueous phase
27.36 g Water
45.63 g Polyvinyl alcohol (10% by weight of water, degree of hydrolysis of 88%)
0.17 g of a 2.5% by weight aqueous solution of sodium nitrite
Oily phase:
23.93 g Codlemone / ethylisovalerate (weight ratio 1/9)
11.04 g caprylic / capric triglyceride
2.58 g MMA
2.58g MAA
1.72 BDA2
1.72 PETIA
Food 1: 0.30 g tert-butyl perpivalate (75%)
Food 2: 0.47 g 10% by weight of an aqueous solution of tert-butyl hydroperoxide in hydrocarbons.
Food 3: 2.51 g 1% by weight of the aqueous solution of ascorbic acid

[079] First, the aqueous phase and the oil phase were produced separately with the above composition. The aqueous phase was initially charged at room temperature. The addition of the oil phase was followed by dispersing with a dispersing stirrer at 15,000 rpm for 1 minute. The emulsion formed was then transferred to a 250 mL flask under nitrogen and stirred. Feed 1 was added and the mixture was heated to 70 ° C while shaking with a shaker anchor and maintained at 70 ° C for one hour. It was then heated to 85 ° C and maintained at 85 ° C for two hours. Feed 2 was added to the microcapsule dispersion formed during stirring. Feed 3 was measured for 50 minutes, during which time the mixture was cooled to room temperature for 60 minutes. The dispersion of the formed microcapsule had a solids content of 37.7% and an average particle size of 1.8 μm (measured by Fraunhofer diffraction, average volume).

(B) Preparation of the gel

[080] 100 g of each concentrated gel was prepared at room temperature by mixing, stirring 1.25 g of the capsule suspension from step (A), 5.0 g of sucrose (a food stimulant), 0.2 g of preservative, 15.0 g of glycerol (a humectant), and water. After these compounds are homogenized, 0.2 g of 2-hydroxy-4- (octyloxy) benzophenone (a UV filter) and thickener (0.6 g of Aquasorb® 3,500S, 0.8 g of Culminal® MHPC, 0, 2 g of Kelcogel® F and 0.2 g of Genuvisco® CL-123) were added during stirring.

EXAMPLE 6 - BIOLOGICAL TESTING OF CAPSULES IN EXAMPLE 5

(a) comparativa, não de acordo com a presente invenção.[081] In an orchard in Germany (late September), two cages were placed, each around a tree. In each cage, two delta traps were placed close to the tree. One trap was baited with two female apple bugs, the second trap was baited with gel bait, according to Example 5 B. 40 male apple bugs were then released into the cage at 11 hours. 24 hours later, the number of male apple bugs caught was counted in each trap (1 DAT). The gel bait was left in the trap for 14 days. After ten days, two new apple bugs were placed in the traps, and 40 new apple bugs were released into the cage. The number of apple bugs caught was counted four days later (14 DAT). On the same day, another 40 new apple bugs were released to the cage. The number of apple bugs caught was counted three days later (17 DAT). The test results (Table 5) demonstrated the high and long attractiveness of the gel bait.

(a) comparative, not according to the present invention.

Claims (15)

METHOD TO CONTROL ARTHROPODS, characterized by understanding the application of an aqueous gel that contains an insecticide, an attractive and a thickener, in which the aqueous gel is applied through spraying in the form of dots on fruit trees, in which the thickener includes a polysaccharide gum and a cellulose derivative, wherein the cellulose derivative is selected from carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose. METHOD, according to claim 1, characterized by the attractant containing a food attractant comprising proteins, carbohydrates, fats or oils. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the attraction contains a non-food attraction selected from semi-chemicals and flavors of synthetic or natural origin. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the application rate is up to 10 L of the aqueous gel per hectare of land on which the plants grow. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fruit trees are apple trees, peach trees, citrus trees, olive trees, cherry trees, pears and persimmons. METHOD according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the aqueous gel further comprises a humectant. METHOD according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the gel further comprises a UV filter. METHOD according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the insecticide is alpha-pipermethrin, metaflumizone and / or chlorfenapyr. METHOD according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the aqueous gel is prepared by mixing a concentrated gel and water in a weight ratio of 3/1 to 1/10. METHOD according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the aqueous gel is applied in shots of a volume from 1 to 200 ml. AQUOSO GEL, characterized by comprising an insecticide, an attractive, a thickener, a humectant and a food stimulant, in which the thickener includes a polysaccharide gum and a cellulose derivative selected from carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose. GEL according to claim 11, characterized in that the aqueous gel has a G * stiffness in the range of 1 to 200 Pa. GEL according to any one of claims 11 to 12, characterized in that the humectant comprises glycerol and the food stimulant comprises a sugar. GEL according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the insecticide comprises alpha-pipermethrin, metaflumizone and / or chlorfenapyr. GEL according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that it comprises 0.05 to 10% by weight of the thickener, 5 to 30% by weight of the humectant, and 0.5 to 25% by weight of the food stimulant.