BR102020025863A2 - CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT IN BALLISTIC COMPOSITE - Google Patents

Abstract

CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT IN BALLISTIC COMPOSITE. A ballistic composite (1) to be used in ballistic vests, vehicle armor and any objects that require efficient protection against impacts from projectiles. Said composite (1) composed of two or more blocks of fabric or non-woven layers (2 and 3), the layers of each being joined by fixing seam and each block being glued to the other by an adhesive layer (4) polymeric based. The lashing side of the seam of one of the blocks (2 or 3) receives the adhesive layer (4) so that the lashing side of the seam of the other block (2 or 3) is glued to it, with blocks (2 and 3) overlapped and glued in misalignment of their seams, being, therefore, interleaved.

Description

CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT IN BALLISTIC COMPOSITE Introduction

[001] This descriptive report refers to the patent application for a ballistic protection composite whose construction allows the total or partial use of other fibers, maintaining the relationship between the fixation of the fibers and the type of fiber used.

[002] The composite is defined by blocks of layers of fabric or non-woven, each block has its layers joined by sewing and are glued together with alternation between their stitches.

[003] Its construction increases the efficiency of ballistic protection compared to known composites.

Technique comments

• - A figura A mostra um tecido tipo tela, cuja construção foi uma das primeiras aplicadas em tecidos para a proteção balística. Observa-se a grande variação na distribuição das fibras;
• - As figuras B1 e B2 mostram a construção multiaxial, a qual apresenta uma distribuição melhor da fibra com uma pequena parcela de variação na distribuição, em geral, próximo do fio da amarração da fibra;
• - A figura C mostra uma construção de não-tecido unidirecional, sendo construídos com base na simples sobreposição de seixos de fibras sobrepostos e adesivados. Estes também contam com filmes de proteção nas faces do não tecido, propiciando melhor fixação da fibra e proteção contra o desfiamento durante a fricção entre camadas.

[004] As is known by experts in the field, one of the most relevant factors in the construction of layers for use in ballistic protection is the arrangement of the fibers in order to eliminate the discontinuity of fiber mass. The illustrations in figure 1 of the attached drawings exemplify the main models of textile construction applied to ballistic protection, where:

• - Figure A shows a canvas-like fabric, whose construction was one of the first applied in fabrics for ballistic protection. The great variation in fiber distribution is observed;
• - Figures B1 and B2 show the multiaxial construction, which presents a better distribution of the fiber with a small portion of variation in the distribution, in general, close to the fiber mooring thread;
• - Figure C shows a unidirectional non-woven construction, being constructed based on the simple overlapping of overlapping and adhesive fiber pebbles. These also have protective films on the sides of the non-woven, providing better fiber fixation and protection against fraying during friction between layers.

• - PI 9903448-4, intitulado “PLACA DE PROTEÇÃO ANTITRAUMÁTICA”, cuja blindagem é composta por um tecido superior seguido de manta anti-balística, e mais internamente, uma montagem de placa anti-trauma composta por uma sobreposição de lâminas produzidas de fibras sintéticas e com espessura variada, costuradas entre duas camadas de tecido.

[005] As a reference to the matter to be described later, the following patent document can be cited, which exemplifies the applied state of the art:

• - PI 9903448-4, entitled “ANTITRAUMATIC PROTECTION PLATE”, whose shielding is composed of an upper fabric followed by an anti-ballistic blanket, and more internally, an anti-trauma plate assembly composed of an overlapping of sheets produced from synthetic fibers and with varying thickness, sewn between two layers of fabric.

[006] Anyway, despite the excellent application of known composites and their construction, it is observed that there is a great effort by the industry to maintain the best fiber distribution in the arrangement of the layers, and that tie points that permeate the layers are possible vulnerable points to the ballistic behavior of the compound.

[007] However, the proximity between the fibers of each layer is extremely beneficial to ballistic performance, given that, because there are no empty spaces between the layers in the region close to the seam, there is a great increase in performance, as a result of the cohesion of the fibers in absorbing energy. This effect is also observed in ropes and lashing tapes, when they are not very united and cohesive in distributing the load throughout the fibers, eventually offering lower resistance than cables with the same amount of fiber that are more united and cohesive in distributing the load.

[008] A possible solution to the problem would be to bond layer by layer of the ballistic solution, forming a block of pebbles of fibers ready to receive the impact. However, unfortunately, there is a factor of extreme relevance in the context of adhesives, where the better bonded and the greater the amount of adhesive layers, the greater the rigidity of the ballistic solution - this rigidity makes the use of many fibers in ballistic applications unfeasible, since a rigid composite requires greater elongation from the fiber (an increasingly rare feature in very high-strength fibers).

Objectives of the invention

• - Eliminar o encontro de um possível projétil com um ponto frágil único da costura;
• - Apresentar alternância entre a resistência das linhas utilizadas para a costura a fim de permitir a correta desaceleração do projétil;
• - Viabilizar o uso de novas fibras de alta tenacidade na forma de tecido ou não-tecido unidirecional como matéria prima para blindagem;
• - Apresentar um compósito com alta coesão entre as fibras de alta tenacidade, extraindo assim a melhor relação entre resistência e massa de fibra em função dos meios de fixação entre as camadas e blocos;
• - A associação de costuras com adesivos específicos a fim de administrar a variação da absorção de energia no compósito e, ao mesmo tempo, estabelecer limites para a rigidez.

[009] To solve such problems, the composite motif of this patent application was developed, which has as main objectives:

• - Eliminate the encounter of a possible projectile with a single weak point of the seam;
• - Present alternation between the resistance of the threads used for the sewing in order to allow the correct deceleration of the projectile;
• - Enable the use of new high tenacity fibers in the form of fabric or unidirectional non-woven as raw material for shielding;
• - Present a composite with high cohesion between the high tenacity fibers, thus extracting the best relationship between strength and fiber mass as a function of the means of attachment between the layers and blocks;
• - The association of seams with specific adhesives in order to manage the variation of energy absorption in the composite and, at the same time, establish limits for rigidity.

Brief description of figures

[010] So far explained in a summarized way, the invention is now better understood through the attached drawings.

[011] As explained in the state of the art, figure 1 shows different compositions of ballistic composites and their attachments.

[012] The following figures, from 2 to 6, refer to one of the possible composites reason for this patent application, of which:
Figure 2 – illustrates an isometric view of the ballistic composite where the first block of fabric or non-woven received a fixation stitch and is aligned with the second block of fabric or non-woven that also received a fixation stitch (not shown) and an adhesive layer on its top face, which contains the stitching stitches of the seam (not shown);
Figure 3 - illustrates an enlarged view of the separated layers of each fabric or non-woven block, separated by the adhesive layer;
Figure 4 - illustrates the layers of fabric or non-woven of the previous figure joined by seams to form the blocks, which are joined by an adhesive layer;
Figure 5 - illustrates a projectile hitting the composite from the first block and over one of its stitches, which may or may not break, the projectile being then decelerated by the second block, whose coincident area is free of stitches ;
Figure 6 – illustrates a projectile hitting the composite from the first block and in an area without a stitch, having been decelerated before reaching the second block at a stitch.

Detailed description of the invention

[013] In accordance with the attached drawings, the "BALLISTIC COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION ARRANGEMENT", object of the present invention patent application, consists of a ballistic composite (1) to be used in ballistic vests, vehicle armor and any objects that need efficient protection against impacts from projectiles.

[014] The composite (1), as shown in figures 2, 3 and 4, is composed of two or more blocks of fabric or non-woven (2) and (3), each block being joined by fixing seams in a way individually and joined together by an adhesive layer (4) of polymeric base.

[015] More specifically, the first block of fabric or non-woven (2) is preferably formed by: three layers of flat fabric in high tenacity fibers (2a) - such as polyester or polyamide; four layers of unidirectional fabric in high strength fibers (2b) – such as Aramid, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) or other high strength fibers; and a last layer of fabric in high tenacity fibers (2c) – such as polyester or polyamide. These layers, in the order described, are joined by fixing seam (5), using thread with high-resistance fibers (unbreakable), thread with medium-resistance fibers or both at a studied interval, depending on the need for strength of the sewing stitches.

[016] More specifically, the second block of fabric or non-woven (3) is preferably formed by: a layer of fabric in high tenacity fibers (3a) - such as polyester or polyamide; eight layers of unidirectional fabric (3b) – such as Aramid, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) or other high strength fibers; and three layers of high tenacity fiber fabric (3c, 3d and 3e) – such as polyester or polyamide. These layers are also joined by fixing seam (5), using thread with high-resistance fibers (unbreakable), thread with medium-resistance fibers or both at a studied interval, depending on the need for strength of the sewing stitches.

[017] More specifically, the lashing side of the seam of one of the blocks (2 or 3) receives the adhesive layer (4) of polymeric base so that the lashing side of the seam of the other block (2 or 3) is glued to it. . In this assembly, the blocks (2 and 3) are superimposed and glued in misalignment of their seams, that is, in a way that the lines and points of the fixing seams (5) do not overlap, being, therefore, interleaved. In this regard, the seams are also interspersed by their resistance factors, establishing different levels of resistance in a straight line towards the possible projectile (P) that will eventually hit the composite (1).

[018] More specifically, the adhesive layer (4) is a polymer-based ionomeric resin, which can be PVC, PVA, PU, phenolic, liquid rubber or other.

[019] Thus defined the ballistic composite (1), for both fabric or non-woven blocks (2 and 3) other types of fabric or non-woven and other fibers in addition to those defined here may be used, since the assembly of the blocks (2 and 3) in the format described above is what defines the novelty of the invention.

[020] That said, although the example used here is composed of two blocks (2 and 3), since the novelty is especially in the way of assembling the composite (1), more blocks of fabric layers can be used or non-woven fabrics in addition to the two defined above, each additional block being composed in the same or different way to the blocks (2 and 3) already defined. Obviously, each additional block must be glued to the previous one by an adhesive layer (4) and have its fixing stitches (5) interspersed with those of the previous block, as the invention provides.

• - Pela alternância entre os pontos da costura (5) dos blocos (2 e 3), o projétil (P) que incidir sobre o compósito (1) não encontrará um ponto frágil único que a atravessa de um lado a outro como acontece nos compósitos conhecidos. Conforme ilustra a figura 5, o projétil (P) é detido pela área da próxima camada sem ponto de costura. Conforme mostra a figura 6, ao coincidir com um ponto de costura do segundo bloco (3), o projétil (P) já terá sido desacelerado pela área do primeiro bloco (2) sem ponto de costura;
• - A alternância entre a resistência das linhas utilizadas para a costura de fixação (5) de cada bloco (2 e 3) permite que o projétil rompa a linha mais fraca ou mais espaçada para poder ser desacelerado pelas camadas de tecido do bloco (2 ou 3), encontrando, porém, alta resistência quando alcançar uma camada costurada com linha irrompível, evitando assim que a linha de alta resistência empurre o compósito, pela força do projétil, contra o corpo que está sendo protegido, como ocorre nos compósitos balísticos comuns;
• - As amarrações das costuras (5) da face de cada bloco (2 e 3), por estarem coladas uma na outra pela camada adesiva (4), possuem uma alta resistência à soltura;
• - A camada adesiva (4) dispensa a amarração entre os blocos (2 e 3) como aconteceria em um compósito comum;
• - A conformação do compósito (1) viabiliza o uso de forma flexível de novas fibras de alta tenacidade na forma de não tecido unidirecional como matéria prima para coletes balísticos e blindagens, como é o caso da fibra de polietileno em não-tecido unidirecional. Os materiais aplicáveis para as camadas podem variar de acordo com a escolha do projeto, sendo tecidos ou não-tecidos com fibras de aramida, polietileno ou outras fibras de alta resistência;
• - O compósito (1), por sua construção, apresenta baixo peso de fibras de alta tenacidade, necessitando de menor número de camadas para alcançar resistência balística em comparação com os compósitos comuns;
• - A associação de costuras (5) com adesivos específicos (4) administram a variação da absorção de energia do compósito (1) e, ao mesmo tempo, estabelece limites para a rigidez.

[021] This configuration of the ballistic composite (1) defines it as a composite formed by two or more blocks of fabric or non-woven layers with alternating seams and glued together by the faces where the stitching points of the seam are. Therefore, the composite (1) defined here achieves a series of innovative technical effects, of which:

• - Due to the alternation between the stitches of the seam (5) of the blocks (2 and 3), the projectile (P) that falls on the composite (1) will not find a single fragile point that crosses it from one side to the other as happens in composites known. As shown in Figure 5, the projectile (P) is stopped by the area of the next layer without a stitch. As shown in figure 6, when it coincides with a stitch of the second block (3), the projectile (P) will have already been decelerated by the area of the first block (2) without a stitch;
• - The alternation between the strength of the threads used for the fixing seam (5) of each block (2 and 3) allows the projectile to break the weakest or most spaced thread so that it can be slowed down by the fabric layers of the block (2 or 3), finding, however, high resistance when reaching a layer sewn with unbreakable thread, thus preventing the high-resistance thread from pushing the composite, by the force of the projectile, against the body being protected, as in common ballistic composites;
• - The lashings of the seams (5) of the face of each block (2 and 3), as they are glued together by the adhesive layer (4), have a high resistance to release;
• - The adhesive layer (4) does not need to be tied between the blocks (2 and 3) as would happen in a common composite;
• - The conformation of the composite (1) enables the flexible use of new high tenacity fibers in the form of unidirectional non-woven as raw material for ballistic vests and armor, as is the case of polyethylene fiber in unidirectional non-woven. The applicable materials for the layers can vary according to the choice of project, being woven or non-woven with aramid fibers, polyethylene or other high strength fibers;
• - The composite (1), due to its construction, has a low weight of high tenacity fibers, requiring a smaller number of layers to achieve ballistic resistance compared to common composites;
• - The association of seams (5) with specific adhesives (4) manages the variation of the energy absorption of the composite (1) and, at the same time, sets limits for the rigidity.

Claims (6)

"BALLISTIC COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION ARRANGEMENT", a ballistic composite (1) to be used in ballistic vests, vehicle armor and any objects that need efficient protection against impacts from projectiles, said composite (1) is characterized by being composed of at least least two blocks (2 and 3) of layers of fabric or non-woven fabric, the layers of each block being joined by fixing seams and each block joined to the other by an adhesive layer (4) with a polymeric base in misalignment of the stitches (5). "BALLISTIC COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION ARRANGEMENT", according to claim 1, characterized in that the first block of fabric or non-woven fabric (2) is preferably formed by layers of flat fabric in high tenacity fibers (2a), layers of fabric unidirectional in high resistance fibers (2b) and a last layer of fabric in high tenacity fibers (2c), said layers being, in the order described, joined by fixing seam (5), using thread with high resistance fibers (unbreakable ), thread with medium strength fibers or both at a pre-defined interval. "BALLISTIC COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION ARRANGEMENT", according to claim 1, characterized in that the second block of fabric or non-woven (3) is preferably formed by a layer of fabric in high tenacity fibers (3a), followed by layers of fabric unidirectional in high strength fibers (3b) and, finally, layers of fabric in high tenacity fiber (3c, 3d, 3e), these layers being joined by fixing seams (5), using thread with high strength fibers ( unbreakable), thread with medium strength fibers or both at a pre-defined interval. "BALLISTIC COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION", according to claim 1, characterized in that each block (2 and 3) is glued to the other by the adhesive layer (4), with the blocks (2 and 3) being misaligned from their stitches fastening (5), that is, without the latter overlapping. "BALLISTIC COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION ARRANGEMENT", according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that each block of additional fabric or non-woven layers is added to the composite (1) by being glued to the previous block by a new adhesive layer (4 ) and have their fixing stitches (5) interleaved in misalignment with those of the previous block. "BALLISTIC COMPOUND CONSTRUCTION ARRANGEMENT", according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive layer (4) is a polymer-based ionomeric resin, which can be PVC, PVA, PU, phenolic, liquid rubber or other.

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