BR102020024407A2 - Optimization of a multilayer shielding system of epoxy matrix composite with graphene oxide functionalized ramie fabric - Google Patents

Optimization of a multilayer shielding system of epoxy matrix composite with graphene oxide functionalized ramie fabric Download PDF

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BR102020024407A2
BR102020024407A2 BR102020024407-8A BR102020024407A BR102020024407A2 BR 102020024407 A2 BR102020024407 A2 BR 102020024407A2 BR 102020024407 A BR102020024407 A BR 102020024407A BR 102020024407 A2 BR102020024407 A2 BR 102020024407A2
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composite
layer
graphene oxide
multilayer
ceramic
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BR102020024407-8A
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Portuguese (pt)
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Sergio Neves Monteiro
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Artur Camposo Pereira
Sergio Neves Monteiro
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/05—5 or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/107—Ceramic
    • B32B2264/108—Carbon, e.g. graphite particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
    • B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2204/00—Structure or properties of graphene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/182—Graphene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/34—Polyamides
    • D06M2101/36—Aromatic polyamides

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Abstract

A atual invenção apresenta otimização da espessura da primeira camada e consequentemente redução do peso do sistema blindagem multicamadas. O uso de sistemas de blindagem multicamadas utilizando materiais compósitos de matriz polimérica reforçada com fibras naturais tem sido estudado como potencial candidato para substituição desses mesmos sistemas que empregam fibras sintéticas na sua estrutura, como a fibra de aramida. No entanto, quando consideramos outros materiais, é necessário que o sistema blindagem multicamadas com compósitos de tecido natural apresentem uma diminuição de peso do sistema. O sistema é composto de cerâmica de alumina como primeira camada e compósito de matriz epóxi reforçado com tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno como segunda camada. A espessura da camada cerâmica é variada desde 10 até 7 mm. Suas características tornam tão resistente quanto economicamente vantajoso para utilização em blindagens balísticas multicamadas visando proteção contra disparos de fuzil (calibre 7,62 mm) de alto poder de impacto. A redução da espessura apresenta resultados abaixo daqueles previstos em norma mesmo com 7 mm de primeira camada, e ainda uma redução no custo e peso. A presente invenção descreve ainda detalhes técnicos relevantes para a produção do compósito incluído a faixa de composição bem como as condições de temperatura e pressão adequadas ao seu desempenho balístico.The current invention presents optimization of the first layer thickness and consequently reduction of the weight of the multilayer shielding system. The use of multilayer armoring systems using composite materials of polymeric matrix reinforced with natural fibers has been studied as a potential candidate to replace these same systems that employ synthetic fibers in their structure, such as aramid fiber. However, when considering other materials, it is necessary that the multilayer shielding system with natural fabric composites present a reduction in the weight of the system. The system is composed of alumina ceramic as a first layer and an epoxy matrix composite reinforced with graphene oxide functionalized ramie fabric as a second layer. The thickness of the ceramic layer is varied from 10 to 7 mm. Its characteristics make it as resistant as economically advantageous for use in multilayer ballistic armor aimed at protecting against high impact rifle shots (7.62 mm caliber). The thickness reduction presents results below those foreseen in the standard, even with 7 mm of first layer, and also a reduction in cost and weight. The present invention also describes relevant technical details for the production of the composite including the composition range as well as the temperature and pressure conditions suitable for its ballistic performance.

Description

OTIMIZAÇÃO DE SISTEMA DE BLINDAGEM MULTICAMADAS DE COMPÓSITO DE MATRIZ EPÓXI COM TECIDO DE RAMI FUNCIONALIZADA COM ÓXIDO DE GRAFENOOPTIMIZATION OF MULTI-LAYER SHIELDING SYSTEM OF EPOXY MATRIX COMPOSITE WITH RAMY FABRIC FUNCTIONALIZED WITH GRAPHENE OXIDE Campo da InvençãoField of Invention

[001] A presente invenção descreve otimização da espessura da primeira camada e consequentemente redução do peso do sistema blindagem multicamadas. O sistema é composto de cerâmica de alumina como primeira camada e compósito de matriz epóxi reforçado com tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno como segunda camada. Este compósito tem características adequadas para aplicação em blindagens balística multicamada visando proteção contra disparo de fuzil com munição de alto poder de impacto. A redução da espessura apresenta resultados abaixo daqueles previstos em norma mesmo com 7 mm de primeira camada, e ainda uma redução no custo e peso. A presente invenção revela também o processo para a fabricação do material.[001] The present invention describes optimization of the first layer thickness and consequently reduction of the weight of the multilayer shielding system. The system is composed of alumina ceramic as a first layer and an epoxy matrix composite reinforced with graphene oxide functionalized ramie fabric as a second layer. This composite has characteristics suitable for application in multilayer ballistic armor aimed at protection against rifle fire with high impact ammunition. The thickness reduction presents results below those foreseen in the standard, even with 7 mm of first layer, and also a reduction in cost and weight. The present invention also discloses the process for manufacturing the material.

Antecedentes da InvençãoBackground of the Invention

[002] Materiais compostos de matriz epóxi reforçada com fibras ou tecidos naturais, produzidos a partir destas fibras, vem sendo utilizados desde a metade do século 20 em setores industriais como o automobilístico e o de construção civil. Entretanto, não há registro de utilização em blindagens para proteção balística.[002] Materials composed of epoxy matrix reinforced with fibers or natural fabrics, produced from these fibers, have been used since the middle of the 20th century in industrial sectors such as automobiles and civil construction. However, there is no record of use in armor for ballistic protection.

[003] Na proteção balística empregada em coletes pessoais e viaturas militares, além de materiais metálicos e cerâmicos, são também utilizados compostos poliméricos reforçados com fibras ou tecidos sintéticos.[003] In ballistic protection used in personal vests and military vehicles, in addition to metallic and ceramic materials, polymeric compounds reinforced with fibers or synthetic fabrics are also used.

[004] Isoladamente, materiais compostos poliméricos reforçados com fibras ou tecidos naturais não possuem desempenho balístico satisfatório. Entretanto, como parte intermediária de um sistema multicamada, apresentam desempenho comparável aos materiais sintéticos e um custo muito mais baixo.[004] In isolation, polymeric composite materials reinforced with fibers or natural fabrics do not have satisfactory ballistic performance. However, as an intermediate part of a multilayer system, they have performance comparable to synthetic materials and a much lower cost.

[005] O documento de patente PI 8800573-A (Brasil, 1989) descreve um “Compósito rígido de matriz de resina poliéster, fenólica ou poliamida reforçada com filamentos p-aramida contínuos revestidos com cerca de 0,2 a 5% em peso, de um modificador de adesão sólido, de desempenho balístico significantemente aperfeiçoado, peso mais leve, e densidade de área reduzida para um dado nível de desempenho balístico”, contudo não trata de fibra ou tecido natural, somente a poliamida que é sintética e de alto custo.[005] Patent document PI 8800573-A (Brazil, 1989) describes a “Rigid composite of polyester, phenolic or polyamide resin matrix reinforced with continuous p-aramid filaments coated with about 0.2 to 5% by weight, of a solid adhesion modifier, of significantly improved ballistic performance, lighter weight, and reduced area density for a given level of ballistic performance", however it is not about natural fiber or fabric, only polyamide which is synthetic and expensive .

[006] O documento WO2010/091476-A1 (EUA, 2010), descreve um “Tecido balístico composto de 65 a 80% de fibras de poliamida entrelaçadas com 20 a 35% de fibras animal ou algodão. A fibra animal preferida é a lã e a mistura preferida é 25% lã com 75% de fibras poliaramida. O poliaramida preferido é o Kevlar”. Diferente da presente invenção, somente ¼ das fibras de fibras naturais, animal ou algodão, são mescladas com ¾ de fibras sintéticas.[006] WO2010/091476-A1 (USA, 2010), describes a “Ballistic fabric composed of 65 to 80% of polyamide fibers interwoven with 20 to 35% of animal fibers or cotton. The preferred animal fiber is wool and the preferred blend is 25% wool with 75% polyaramid fibers. The preferred polyaramid is Kevlar”. Unlike the present invention, only ¼ of the fibers of natural fibers, animal or cotton, are blended with ¾ of synthetic fibers.

[007] O documento JP5877431-132 (Japão, 2011) descreve um “Um material compósito reforçado com fibra compreende um fio de fibra compósita 1 com ondulação que é formado pelo ponto enrolado de um fio envolvente 5 de um fio de fibra sintética termoplástica num feixe de fibra de carbono 3 e / ou um fio de fibra natural 4 com estes fios sujeitos a tensão variada”. Entretanto, o compósito só utiliza fibras sintéticas, termoplástica ou de carbono.[007] The document JP5877431-132 (Japan, 2011) describes a “A fiber reinforced composite material comprises a wavy composite fiber yarn 1 which is formed by the wound stitch of an enveloping yarn 5 of a thermoplastic synthetic fiber yarn in a carbon fiber bundle 3 and/or a natural fiber yarn 4 with these yarns subjected to varying tension”. However, the composite only uses synthetic, thermoplastic or carbon fibers.

[008] O documento WO2012/093167-A1 (França, 2012) descreve um “Material compósito injetável, incluindo: (a) 28 a 95% em peso de um copolímero de polipropileno / polietileno; (b) 0 a 10% em peso de um intensificador de fluxo; (c) 1 a 20% em peso de um modificador de impacto; (d) 1 a 20% de agente compatibilizante; e (e) 3 a 70% em peso de fibras naturais, em que o copolímero de polipropileno / polietileno forma uma matriz. A invenção também se refere ao método para preparar o dito material compósito, bem como a um método para usá-lo na fabricação de peças por injeção ou sobremoldagem”. Embora trate de compósito reforçado com fibra natural, não há indicação para uso em blindagem balística.[008] WO2012/093167-A1 (France, 2012) describes an “Injectable composite material, including: (a) 28 to 95% by weight of a polypropylene/polyethylene copolymer; (b) 0 to 10% by weight of a flow enhancer; (c) 1 to 20% by weight of an impact modifier; (d) 1 to 20% compatibilizing agent; and (e) 3 to 70% by weight of natural fibers, wherein the polypropylene/polyethylene copolymer forms a matrix. The invention also relates to a method for preparing said composite material, as well as a method for using it in the manufacture of parts by injection or overmolding”. Although it is a natural fiber reinforced composite, there is no indication for use in ballistic armor.

[009] O documento CN207904438-V (Chile, 2018) descreve “Fio resiste e durável a base da mistura de juta natural e PET, o qual é constituído por um compósito que compreende a camada da fibra da juta, a camada da fibra do polipropileno, a camada da fibra do PET, a camada da fibra do poliuretano, a camada adesiva e a camada de fibra de nylon”. Embora contenha fibra de juta, não há indicação de que o fio possa ser utilizado em blindagem.[009] The document CN207904438-V (Chile, 2018) describes “Strong and durable yarn based on a mixture of natural jute and PET, which consists of a composite comprising the layer of jute fiber, the fiber layer of polypropylene, the PET fiber layer, the polyurethane fiber layer, the adhesive layer and the nylon fiber layer”. Although it contains jute fiber, there is no indication that the wire can be used in shielding.

[0010] Nenhum dos documentos de patente mencionados acima se assemelha à presente invenção pois não tratam especificamente de compósito reforçado exclusivamente com fibra natural (tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno) para uso em blindagem balística multicamada.[0010] None of the patent documents mentioned above is similar to the present invention as they do not specifically deal with composite reinforced exclusively with natural fiber (ramie fabric functionalized with graphene oxide) for use in multilayer ballistic armor.

Sumário da InvençãoSummary of the Invention

[0011] O objetivo geral da invenção é otimização da espessura da primeira camada e consequentemente redução do peso do sistema blindagem multicamadas.[0011] The general objective of the invention is to optimize the thickness of the first layer and consequently reduce the weight of the multilayer shielding system.

[0012] O objetivo específico é fabricar placas cerâmicas de espessura que variada 7, 8, 9 e 10 mm.[0012] The specific objective is to manufacture ceramic slabs with a thickness ranging from 7, 8, 9 and 10 mm.

[0013] A fabricação das cerâmicas compreende a maceração e peneiramento para obtenção do pó. Prensagem sob uma pressão de 30 MPa e gerar corpos verdes que são levados ao forno para serem sinterizados[0013] The manufacture of ceramics comprises the maceration and sieving to obtain the powder. Pressing under a pressure of 30 MPa and generating green bodies that are taken to the oven to be sintered

[0014] É objetivo final desta invenção é redução da espessura do material cerâmico caracterizado pela diminuição no custo e peso. Além do uso de placa de material compósito como parte de um sistema de blindagem multicamada para proteção, pessoal e de viaturas militares, contra disparo de fuzil com munição de alto poder de impacto.[0014] The final objective of this invention is to reduce the thickness of the ceramic material characterized by the decrease in cost and weight. In addition to the use of composite material plate as part of a multilayer armoring system to protect personnel and military vehicles against rifle firing with high impact ammunition.

Descrição Detalhada da InvençãoDetailed Description of the Invention

[0015] Os materiais empregados nesta invenção correspondem a: (i) resina líquida de epóxi juntamente com o endurecedor na proporção de 13% em peso, ambos comercialmente disponíveis no Brasil; (ii) tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno.[0015] The materials used in this invention correspond to: (i) liquid epoxy resin together with the hardener in the proportion of 13% by weight, both commercially available in Brazil; (ii) ramie fabric functionalized with graphene oxide.

[0016] A fabricação da placa de compósito é feita em um molde de aço com uma base de enchimento e uma tampa de fechamento. Parafusos ligando as duas partes do molde permitem total vedação e facilidade na desmoldagem.[0016] The composite board manufacturing is done in a steel mold with a filling base and a closing cap. Screws connecting the two parts of the mold allow total sealing and ease of demoulding.

[0017] O molde de aço descrito no item [0017] é produzido sob encomenda em oficina mecânica especializada, encontrada em qualquer grande cidade do país.[0017] The steel mold described in item [0017] is produced to order in a specialized mechanical workshop, found in any large city in the country.

[0018] Para facilitar a desmoldagem da placa é utilizada, antes do processo, graxa de silicone, disponível no Brasil, aplicada nas superfícies internas do molde.[0018] To facilitate the demolding of the plate, silicone grease, available in Brazil, is used before the process, applied to the internal surfaces of the mold.

[0019] O processo de fabricação consiste em intercalar cortes retangulares de tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno, de mesma dimensão interna do molde, com resina epóxi misturada ao endurecedor na proporção de 13% em peso. A quantidade de 30% de tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno e é antecipadamente determinada com base na densidade dos materiais utilizados.[0019] The manufacturing process consists of inserting rectangular cuts of ramie fabric functionalized with graphene oxide, of the same internal dimension as the mold, with epoxy resin mixed with the hardener in the proportion of 13% by weight. The amount of 30% of ramie fabric functionalized with graphene oxide and is determined in advance based on the density of the materials used.

[0020] Após o preenchimento do molde com o tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno e com a resina líquida, é colocada a tampa do molde, fechada com auxílio de parafusos. O molde preenchido é fechado e então levado a uma presa hidráulica, com capacidade para 30 toneladas, e comumente disponível no Brasil.[0020] After filling the mold with the ramie fabric functionalized with graphene oxide and with the liquid resin, the mold cover is placed, closed with the aid of screws. The filled mold is closed and then taken to a hydraulic clamp, with a capacity of 30 tons, and commonly available in Brazil.

[0021] O molde instalado na prensa é então submetido a uma pressão de 5 Mpa que permite completo escoamento da resina líquida por entre o tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno.[0021] The mold installed in the press is then subjected to a pressure of 5 Mpa that allows complete flow of the liquid resin through the ramie fabric functionalized with graphene oxide.

[0022] O molde preenchido e sob pressão permanece por 5 horas à temperatura ambiente, o que permite endurecimento da resina epóxi pela ação do endurecedor.[0022] The mold filled and under pressure remains for 5 hours at room temperature, which allows the epoxy resin to harden by the action of the hardener.

[0023] O desmoldamento da placa é realizado por ação inversa dos parafusos que vedaram a placa.[0023] The demolding of the plate is carried out by the inverse action of the screws that sealed the plate.

[0024] A placa desmoldada, como ilustrado na Figura 2, é levada a uma estufa para pós-cura da matriz de epóxi em temperatura e tempo controlados para que se atinja as máximas resistência e tenacidade do compósito.[0024] The demolded plate, as illustrated in Figure 2, is taken to an oven for post-curing of the epoxy matrix at a controlled temperature and time in order to reach the maximum strength and toughness of the composite.

Uso do Compósito em Blindagem BalísticaUse of Composite in Ballistic Armor

[0025] O material compósito de epóxi reforçada com tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno tem como principal finalidade o uso na forma de uma placa para um sistema de blindagem multicamada visando a proteção contra disparo de fuzil com munição de alto poder de impacto. Esta proteção corresponde ao nível III da norma internacional relacionada com projétil calibre 7,62 mm ou 5,56 mm.[0025] The epoxy composite material reinforced with ramie fabric functionalized with graphene oxide has as main purpose the use in the form of a plate for a multilayer armor system aiming at protection against rifle fire with high impact ammunition. This protection corresponds to level III of the international standard related to projectile caliber 7.62 mm or 5.56 mm.

[0026] No sistema de blindagem multicamada, plaquetas de cerâmica compõem a camada frontal responsável pela erosão do projétil e dissipação de boa parte da energia de impacto. A placa de compósito, como segunda camada, é colada às plaquetas cerâmicas com adesivo de poliuretano.[0026] In the multilayer armor system, ceramic platelets make up the front layer responsible for projectile erosion and dissipation of much of the impact energy. The composite plate, as a second layer, is bonded to the ceramic platelets with polyurethane adhesive.

[0027] A placa de compósito, como segunda camada, tem como função capturar a nuvem de fragmentos resultantes do impacto do projétil contra a camada frontal de plaquetas cerâmicas.[0027] The composite plate, as a second layer, has the function of capturing the cloud of fragments resulting from the impact of the projectile against the front layer of ceramic platelets.

[0028] A captura dos fragmentos pela placa de compósito ocorre por mecanismos de incrustação nas fibras de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno. Os fragmentos, tanto metálicos do projétil quanto cerâmicos da camada frontal são muito mais duros e penetram com facilidade nas fibras de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno.[0028] The capture of the fragments by the composite plate occurs by fouling mechanisms in the ramie fibers functionalized with graphene oxide. The fragments, both metallic from the projectile and ceramic from the front layer, are much harder and easily penetrate the ramie fibers functionalized with graphene oxide.

[0029] A quantidade de 30% de tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno no compósito é suficiente para evitar a fragmentação da frágil matriz polimérica de epóxi. Isto permite que a placa de compósito mantenha sua integridade para proteção contra disparos subsequentes de fuzil.[0029] The amount of 30% of ramie fabric functionalized with graphene oxide in the composite is sufficient to prevent fragmentation of the fragile epoxy polymer matrix. This allows the composite plate to maintain its integrity to protect against subsequent rifle fire.

[0030] O desempenho balístico da placa de compósito de epóxi reforçada com tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno é comparável ao de placas, com a mesma dimensão, feitas com tecidos sintéticos como o Kevlar® que é pelo menos 5 vezes mais caro.[0030] The ballistic performance of epoxy composite board reinforced with ramie fabric functionalized with graphene oxide is comparable to boards, with the same dimension, made with synthetic fabrics such as Kevlar® which is at least 5 times more expensive.

[0031] A redução da espessura apresenta resultados abaixo daqueles previstos em norma mesmo com 7 mm de primeira camada, e ainda uma redução no custo e peso.[0031] The thickness reduction presents results below those expected in the standard even with 7 mm of first layer, and still a reduction in cost and weight.

Claims (13)

Material composto caracterizado por polímero termofixo reforçado com fibra natural.Composite material characterized by thermoset polymer reinforced with natural fiber. Material composto da reivindicação 1 é, em termos de engenharia, caracterizado por um compósito pelo fato de ter boa adesão da fase dispersa, que é um tecido natural, e a matriz polimérica como fase contínua.The composite material of claim 1 is, in terms of engineering, characterized by a composite in that it has good adhesion of the dispersed phase, which is a natural tissue, and the polymeric matrix as a continuous phase. Compósito indicado na reivindicação 2 será caracterizado por processo de uma matriz de polímero de epóxi incorporada com 30 % em volume de tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno.The composite indicated in claim 2 will be characterized by the process of an epoxy polymer matrix incorporated with 30% by volume of ramie fabric functionalized with graphene oxide. Processo de fabricação caracterizado por um preparo do compósito descrito na reivindicação 3 compreende as seguintes etapas
  • ✔ Acomodar o tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno, correspondente à proporção desejada de 30% em volume dentro de molde metálico adequado;
  • ✔ Adicionar resina de epóxi ainda fluida e tampar o molde.
Manufacturing process characterized by a preparation of the composite described in claim 3 comprises the following steps
  • ✔ Accommodate the functionalized ramie fabric with graphene oxide, corresponding to the desired proportion of 30% by volume, inside a suitable metallic mold;
  • ✔ Add epoxy resin while still flowing and cover the mold.
 Os detalhes do processamento da reivindicação 4 são caracterizados por:
  • ✔ Molde metálico retangular com dimensões de placa balística para uso em colete pessoal ou veículo militar;
  • ✔ Aplicar no molde tampado, já preenchido com o tecido e resina de epóxi, uma pressão de 5 MPa na temperatura ambiente por um período de 5 horas.
The processing details of claim 4 are characterized by:
  • ✔ Rectangular metallic mold with ballistic plate dimensions for use in personal vest or military vehicle;
  • ✔ Apply a pressure of 5 MPa at room temperature for a period of 5 hours to the capped mold, already filled with the fabric and epoxy resin.
 O processo caracterizado por reivindicações 3 a 5 permite fabricar placas com espessura de até 50 mm e dimensões laterais de até 300 mm em moldes de aço ao carbono especificados para tal.The process characterized by claims 3 to 5 makes it possible to manufacture plates with a thickness of up to 50 mm and lateral dimensions of up to 300 mm in carbon steel molds specified for this purpose. O processo caracterizado por reivindicação 5 consiste na desmoldagem da placa com auxílio de parafusos de encaixe facilitada pelo uso de graxa de silicone, previamente aplicada na superfície interna do molde.The process characterized by claim 5 consists of demolding the plate with the aid of fitting screws, facilitated by the use of silicone grease, previously applied to the internal surface of the mold. A placa de compósito caracterizado por tecido de rami funcionalizada com óxido de grafeno reforçando matriz epóxi é própria para uso como camada em blindagem balística visando proteção contra disparo de fuzil com munição calibres 7,62 mm ou 5,56 mm.The composite plate characterized by functionalized ramie fabric with graphene oxide reinforcing epoxy matrix is suitable for use as a layer in ballistic armor aiming at protection against rifle fire with 7.62 mm or 5.56 mm caliber ammunition. O material cerâmico caracterizado por espessuras de 7, 8, 9 e 10 mm compreendendo as seguintes etapas
  • ✔ Utilizar a alumina (Al2O3) dopada com nióbia (Nb2O5) na proporção na de 4% em massa com geometria hexagonal;
  • ✔ Os pós de alumina, nióbia e o polietileno glicol, em fase líquida, são pesados e acondicionados em um moinho de bolas de alumina por 12h;
  • ✔ Deixar por 48h em uma estufa a 80°C para secagem.
The ceramic material characterized by thicknesses of 7, 8, 9 and 10 mm comprising the following steps
  • ✔ Use alumina (Al2O3) doped with niobium (Nb2O5) in the proportion of 4% by mass with hexagonal geometry;
  • ✔ Alumina, niobium and polyethylene glycol powders, in liquid phase, are weighed and placed in an alumina ball mill for 12 hours;
  • ✔ Leave for 48 hours in an oven at 80°C for drying.
 Processo de fabricação caracterizado por um preparo da cerâmica descrito na reivindicação 9 compreende as seguintes etapas
  • ✔ Maceração e peneiramento para obtenção do pó;
  • ✔ Prensagem sob uma pressão de 30 MPa;
  • ✔ Corpos verdes são levados ao forno para serem sinterizados.
Manufacturing process characterized by a preparation of the ceramic described in claim 9 comprises the following steps
  • ✔ Maceration and sieving to obtain the powder;
  • ✔ Pressing under a pressure of 30 MPa;
  • ✔ Green bodies are taken to the oven to be sintered.
 Blindagem multicamada, caracterizado por uma placa de compósito da presente invenção está colada com adesivo poliuretano a uma camada frontal de cerâmica, responsável por erodir o projétil e atenuar seu impacto.Multilayer armor, characterized by a composite plate of the present invention is glued with polyurethane adhesive to a ceramic front layer, responsible for eroding the projectile and attenuating its impact. Compósito no sistema balístico multicamada caracterizado por função de capturar os fragmentos de cerâmica e projétil resultantes do impacto frontal.Composite in the multilayer ballistic system characterized by the function of capturing the ceramic and projectile fragments resulting from the frontal impact. A redução da espessura do material cerâmico caracterizado por diminuição no custo e peso.The reduction in the thickness of the ceramic material characterized by a decrease in cost and weight.
BR102020024407-8A 2020-11-30 2020-11-30 Optimization of a multilayer shielding system of epoxy matrix composite with graphene oxide functionalized ramie fabric BR102020024407A2 (en)

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